SUMMARY OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND USE OF ESTIMATES | NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND USE OF ESTIMATES Basis of Presentation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited. The unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. These interim financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are unaudited; however, in the opinion of management, such statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company for the periods presented. The results for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017 or for any future period. All references to September 30, 2017 and 2016 in these footnotes are unaudited. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Our short-term financial instruments, including cash, accounts payable and other liabilities, consist primarily of instruments with maturities of three months or less when acquired. We believe that the fair values of our current assets and current liabilities approximate their reported carrying amounts. The derivative liability consists of our convertible preferred stock with anti-dilution provisions, and related warrants. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value its derivative liability which incorporate the Company’s stock price, volatility, U.S. risk-free interest rate, dividend rate, and estimated life. These unaudited condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2016, included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 17, 2017. The condensed balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but do not include all disclosures required by the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Use of estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying disclosures. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Research and Development Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred. Our research and development expenses consist primarily of expenditures for manufacturing, clinical trials, employee compensation and consulting costs and expenses. We incurred research and development expenses of approximately $0.4 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We incurred research and development expenses of approximately $1.3 million and $1.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Loss per Share Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss and net loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Basic and diluted loss per share are the same, in that any potential common stock equivalents would have the effect of being anti-dilutive in the computation of net loss per share. The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computations of weighted average shares outstanding as of September 30, 2017 and 2016, as they would be anti-dilutive: Nine months ended September 30, 2017 2016 Shares underlying options outstanding 364,516 265,863 Shares underlying warrants outstanding 4,511,914 1,335,466 Shares underlying convertible preferred stock outstanding 4,770,370 411,806 Shares underlying convertible notes outstanding 34,835,228 — 44,482,028 2,013,135 Derivative Liability The Company has financial instruments that are considered derivatives or contain embedded features subject to derivative accounting. Embedded derivatives are valued separately from the host instrument and are recognized as derivative liabilities in the Company’s balance sheet. The Company measures these instruments at their estimated fair value and recognizes changes in their estimated fair value in results of operations during the period of change. Based upon ASC 840-15-25 (EITF Issue 00-19, paragraph 11) the Company has adopted a sequencing approach regarding the application of ASC 815-40 to its outstanding preferred stock. Pursuant to the sequencing approach, the Company evaluates its contracts based upon earliest issuance date wherein instruments with the earliest issuance date would be settled first. The sequencing policy also considers contingently issuable additional shares, such as those issuable upon a stock split, to have an issuance date to coincide with the event giving rise to the additional shares. Using this sequencing policy, all instruments convertible into common stock, including warrants and the conversion feature of notes payable, issued subsequent to December 25, 2015 are derivative liabilities. The Company values these derivative liabilities using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The resulting liability is valued at each reporting date and the change in the liability is reflected as change in derivative liability in the statement of operations. Fair Value Measurements Valuation Hierarchy - GAAP establishes a valuation hierarchy for disclosure of the inputs to valuation used to measure fair value. This hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels as follows: Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2: Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3: Unobservable inputs based on our own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. A financial asset or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company has recorded a derivative liability for convertible preferred stock with anti-dilution provisions, and related warrants, as of September 30, 2017. The table below summarizes the fair values of our financial liabilities as of September 30, 2017 (in thousands): Fair Value at September 30, Fair Value Measurement Using 2017 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Derivative liability $ 3,338 $ — $ — $ 3,338 The reconciliation of the derivative liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis using unobservable inputs (Level 3) is as follows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (in thousands): Balance at beginning of period $ 2,541 Additions to derivative instruments, net 4,568 Reclassification on conversions and expiration (368 ) Gain on change in fair value of derivative liability (3,403 ) Balance at end of period $ 3,338 Stock-Based Compensation We measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for equity awards based on the grant-date fair value of the awards. All awards under our stock-based compensation programs are accounted for at fair value and that cost is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award (the vesting period). Compensation expense for options granted to non-employees is determined in accordance with the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is a more reliable measurement. Compensation expense for awards granted to non-employees is re-measured on each accounting period. Determining the appropriate fair value of stock-based compensation requires the input of subjective assumptions, including the expected life of the stock-based compensation and the volatility of our stock price. We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to value our stock option awards which incorporates our stock price, volatility, U.S. risk-free interest rate, dividend rate, and estimated life. Recent Accounting Pronouncements With the exception of those discussed below, there have not been any recent changes in accounting pronouncements and Accounting Standards Update (ASU) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 that are of significance or potential significance to the Company. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting”, which clarifies when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. If an award is not probable of vesting at the time a change is made, the new guidance clarifies that no new measurement date will be required if there is no change to the fair value, vesting conditions, and classification. This ASU will be applied prospectively and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect this standard to have a material impact on its financial statements. |