SUMMARY OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND USE OF ESTIMATES | NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND USE OF ESTIMATES Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying disclosures. Significant estimates include the fair value of derivative instruments, stock-based compensation, recognition of clinical trial costs and other accrued liabilities. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Research and Development Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred. Our research and development expenses consist primarily of expenditures for toxicology and other studies, manufacturing, clinical trials, compensation and consulting costs. We incurred research and development expenses of $1.7 and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Cash Equivalents For purposes of the statements of cash flows, we consider all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with a maturity date of three months or less to be cash equivalents. We maintain our cash in bank deposit accounts which, at times, may exceed applicable government mandate insurance limits. We have not experienced any losses in our accounts. Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments and related items, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company places its cash and temporary cash investments with credit quality institutions. At times, such investments may exceed applicable government mandated insurance limits. Cash was $0.01 million and $0.5 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, there was approximately $0 million and $0.3 million in cash over the federally insured limit, respectively. Intangible Assets Intangible assets consist of licensed technology, patents, and patent applications (see Note 5). The assets associated with licensed technology are recorded at cost and are being amortized on the straight line basis over their estimated useful lives of twelve to seventeen years. Office and Lab Equipment Equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on the straight line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets of three to seven years. Expenditures for repair and maintenance which do not materially extend the useful lives of property and equipment are charged to expense. When property or equipment is sold or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts with the resulting gain or loss reflected in operations. Management periodically reviews the carrying value of its equipment for impairment. Due to the curtailment of business activity in February 2018, the Company determined that the office and lab equipment acquired pursuant to the Lewis & Clark, Pharmaceuticals, Inc. acquisition had become fully impaired as of December 31, 2017. Accordingly, we recorded an impairment charge of $0.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2017. Depreciation expense was approximately $23,000 and $4,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Loss per Share Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss and net loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Basic and diluted loss per share are the same, in that any potential common stock equivalents would have the effect of being anti-dilutive in the computation of net loss per share. The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computations of weighted average shares outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, as they would be anti-dilutive: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 Shares underlying options outstanding 356,280 268,876 Shares underlying warrants outstanding 3,045,740 5,203,436 Shares underlying convertible notes outstanding 135,122,128 — Shares underlying convertible preferred stock outstanding 18,324,050 3,770,833 156,848,198 9,243,145 Derivative Liability The Company has financial instruments that are considered derivatives or contain embedded features subject to derivative accounting. Embedded derivatives are valued separately from the host instrument and are recognized as derivative liabilities in the Company’s balance sheet. The Company measures these instruments at their estimated fair value and recognizes changes in their estimated fair value in results of operations during the period of change. The Company values its derivative liabilities using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The resulting liability is valued at each reporting date and the change in the liability is reflected as change in derivative liability in the statement of operations. Goodwill Our goodwill consists of the excess purchase price paid in business combinations over the fair value of assets acquired. Goodwill is considered to have an indefinite life. The Company has decided to perform its annual goodwill and impairment assessment on December 31st of each year. The Company employs the non-amortization approach to account for goodwill. Under the non-amortization approach, goodwill is not amortized into the results of operations, but instead is reviewed annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired, to assess whether the fair value exceeds the carrying value. When evaluating the potential impairment of goodwill, we first assess a range of qualitative factors, including but not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry conditions, the competitive environment, changes in the market for the Company’s products and services, regulatory and political developments, entity specific factors such as strategy and changes in key personnel, and the overall financial performance for each of the Company’s reporting units. If, after completing this assessment, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we then proceed to a two-step impairment testing methodology using the income approach (discounted cash flow method). In the first step of the two-step testing methodology, we compare the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill, with its fair value, as determined by its estimated discounted cash flows. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, we then complete the second step of the impairment test to determine the amount of impairment to be recognized. In the second step, we estimate an implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill by allocating the fair value of the reporting unit to 100% of the assets and liabilities other than goodwill (including any unrecognized intangible assets). If the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, the Company records an impairment loss equal to the difference in that period. When required, we arrive at our estimates of fair value using a discounted cash flow methodology which includes estimates of future cash flows to be generated by specifically identified assets, as well as selecting a discount rate to measure the present value of those anticipated cash flows. Estimating future cash flows requires significant judgment and includes making assumptions about projected growth rates, industry-specific factors, working capital requirements, weighted average cost of capital, and current and anticipated operating conditions. The use of different assumptions or estimates for future cash flows could produce different results. Due to the curtailment of business activity in February 2018, the Company determined that the goodwill assigned to the Lewis & Clark, Pharmaceuticals, Inc. acquisition had become fully impaired as of December 31, 2017. Accordingly, we recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $2.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2017. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Our short-term financial instruments, including cash, accounts payable and other liabilities, consist primarily of instruments with maturities of three months or less when acquired. We believe that the fair values of our current assets and current liabilities approximate their reported carrying amounts. The derivative liability consists of our convertible notes with a variable conversion feature. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to value its derivative liability which incorporate the Company’s stock price, volatility, U.S. risk-free interest rate, dividend rate, and estimated life. Fair Value Measurements The U.S. GAAP Valuation Hierarchy establishes a valuation hierarchy for disclosure of the inputs to valuation used to measure fair value. This hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels as follows. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on our own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. A financial asset or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company has recorded a derivative liability for its convertible notes with a variable conversion feature, as of December 31, 2017. The tables below summarize the fair values of our financial liabilities as of December 31, 2017 (in thousands): Fair Value at December 31, Fair Value Measurement Using 2017 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Derivative liability $ 2,934 $ — $ — $ 2,934 The reconciliation of the derivative liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis using unobservable inputs (Level 3) is as follows (in thousands): Balance, December 31, 2016 $ — Additions to derivative instruments 2,952 Conversions (121 ) Loss on change in fair value of derivative liability 103 Balance, December 31, 2017 $ 2,934 Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in operations in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income and the reversal of deferred tax liabilities during the period in which the related temporary difference becomes deductible. Stock-Based Compensation We measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for equity awards based on the grant-date fair value of the awards. All awards under our stock-based compensation programs are accounted for at fair value and that cost is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award (the vesting period). Compensation expense for options granted to non-employees is determined in accordance with the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is a more reliable measurement. Compensation expense for awards granted to non-employees is re-measured on each accounting period. Determining the appropriate fair value of stock-based compensation requires the input of subjective assumptions, including the expected life of the stock-based compensation and the volatility of our stock price. We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to value our stock option awards which incorporates our stock price, volatility, U.S. risk-free interest rate, dividend rate, and estimated life. Effect of ASU No. 2017-11 on Previously Issued Financial Statements In July 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Part 1 – Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features and Part 2 – Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with Scope Exception (“ASU No. 2017-11”). Part 1 of ASU No. 2017-11 addresses the complexity of accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features. Down round features are provisions in certain equity-linked instruments (or embedded features) that result in the strike price being reduced on the basis of the pricing of future equity offerings. Current accounting guidance creates cost and complexity for entities that issue financial instruments (such as warrants and convertible instruments) with down round features that require fair value measurement of the entire instrument or conversion option. Part II of ASU No. 2017-11 addresses the difficulty of navigating Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, because of the existence of extensive pending content in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification®. This pending content is the result of the indefinite deferral of accounting requirements about mandatorily redeemable financial instruments of certain nonpublic entities and certain mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests. For public business entities, the amendments in Part I of this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company has early adopted the guidance under ASU 2017-11 for the year end December 31, 2017. Adjustments to the Company’s previously issued financial statements were required for the full retrospective application of this standard. As such the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016 have been adjusted to reflect the adoption of ASU 2017-11. December 31, Adjustments December 31, ASSETS Current assets: Cash $ 547 $ — $ 547 Prepaid expenses 112 — 112 Total current assets 659 — 659 Office equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $0 4 — 4 Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $144 68 — 68 Other assets 3 — 3 Total assets $ 734 $ — $ 734 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 1,238 $ — $ 1,238 Accrued expenses 384 — 384 Derivative liability 2,541 (2,541 ) — Total current liabilities 4,163 (2,541 ) 1,622 Total liabilities 4,163 (2,541 ) 1,622 Commitments and contingencies — — — Stockholders’ deficit: Convertible preferred stock, par value $.0001 per share; 30,000,000 shares authorized,2,828 shares issued and outstanding — — — Common stock, par value $.0001 per share; 150,000,000 shares authorized, 1,398,832 shares issued and outstanding — — — Additional paid-in capital 45,391 2,355 47,746 Accumulated deficit (48,820 ) 186 (48,634 ) Total stockholders’ deficit (3,429 ) 2,541 (888 ) Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit $ 734 $ — $ 734 Year Ended Adjustments Year Ended Operating expenses: Research and development $ 1,101 $ — $ 1,101 General and administrative 2,089 — 2,089 Total operating expenses 3,190 — 3,190 Loss from operations (3,190 ) — (3,190 ) Other income (expense): Gain on change in fair value of derivative liability 2,523 (2,523 ) — Interest income (expense), net (2,888 ) 2,891 3 Loss before provision for income taxes (3,555 ) 368 (3,187 ) Provision for income taxes — — — Net loss $ (3,555 ) 368 $ (3,187 ) Deemed dividend — (1,046 ) (1,046 ) . Net loss attributable to common shareholders $ (3,555 ) $ (678 ) $ (4,233 ) Net loss per common share, basic and diluted $ (2.55 ) $ (3.04 ) Weighted average shares outstanding 1,394,065 1,394,065 Year Ended Adjustments Year Ended Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss $ (3,555 ) $ 368 $ (3,187 ) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 21 — 21 Stock-based compensation 113 — 113 Loss on change in fair value of derivative liability (2,523 ) 2,523 — Loss on sale of assets 4 — 4 Finance cost 2,891 (2,891 ) — Increase in operating assets: Prepaid expenses and other assets 2 — 2 Increase in operating liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued expenses 314 — 314 Cash used in operating activities (2,733 ) — (2,733 ) Cash flows from investing activities: Proceeds from sale of assets 4 — 4 Acquisition of office equipment (4 ) — (4 ) Cash provided by investing activities — — — Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from sale of stock and warrants 850 — 850 Cost of sale of common stock and warrants (35 ) — (35 ) Cash provided by financing activities 815 — 815 Net decrease in cash (1,918 ) — (1,918 ) Cash, beginning of period 2,465 — 2,465 Cash, end of period $ 547 — $ 547 Recent Accounting Pronouncements With the exception of those discussed below, there have not been any recent changes in accounting pronouncements and Accounting Standards Update (ASU) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) during the year ended December 31, 2017 that are of significance or potential significance to the Company. In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company does not expect any impact from the adoption of this standard on its consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU No. 2017-04”). ASU No. 2017-04 simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. A public business entity that is a SEC filer should adopt the amendments of ASU No. 2017-04 for its annual and interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company does not expect any impact from the adoption of this standard on its consolidated financial statements. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting”, which clarifies when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. If an award is not probable of vesting at the time a change is made, the new guidance clarifies that no new measurement date will be required if there is no change to the fair value, vesting conditions, and classification. This ASU will be applied prospectively and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect this standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In July 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Part 1 – Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features and Part 2 – Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with Scope Exception (“ASU No. 2017-11”). Part 1 of ASU No. 2017-11 addresses the complexity of accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features. Down round features are provisions in certain equity-linked instruments (or embedded features) that result in the strike price being reduced on the basis of the pricing of future equity offerings. Current accounting guidance creates cost and complexity for entities that issue financial instruments (such as warrants and convertible instruments) with down round features that require fair value measurement of the entire instrument or conversion option. Part II of ASU No. 2017-11 addresses the difficulty of navigating Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, because of the existence of extensive pending content in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification®. This pending content is the result of the indefinite deferral of accounting requirements about mandatorily redeemable financial instruments of certain nonpublic entities and certain mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests. For public business entities, the amendments in Part I of this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company has early adopted the guidance under ASU 2017-11 for the year end December 31, 2017. Adjustments to the Company’s previously issued financial statements were required for the full retrospective application of this standard. As such the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016 have been adjusted to reflect the adoption of ASU 2017-11. |