Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 3 Months Ended |
Mar. 31, 2015 |
Basis of presentation [Policy Text Block] | (a) | Basis of presentation | | |
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The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. |
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The consolidated interim financial information as of March 31, 2015 and for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 have been prepared without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Certain information and notes disclosures, which are normally included in consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have not been included. The consolidated interim financial information should be read in conjunction with the Financial Statements and the notes thereto, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014, previously filed with the SEC. |
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In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present a fair statement of the Company’s consolidated financial position as of March 31, 2015, its consolidated results of operations and cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, as applicable, have been made. The interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year or any future periods. |
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Noncontrolling interest represents the ownership interests in a subsidiary that was held by owners other than the parent and is part of the equity of the consolidated group. The noncontrolling interest is reported in the consolidated statement of financial position within equity, separately from the parent’s equity. Net income or loss and comprehensive income or loss is attributed to the parent and the noncontrolling interest. If losses attributable to the parent and the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary exceed their interests in the subsidiary’s equity, the excess, and any further losses attributable to the parent and the noncontrolling interest, is attributed to those interests. |
Use of estimates [Policy Text Block] | (b) | Use of estimates | | |
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The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires the Group to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the allowance for doubtful receivables, recoverability of the carrying amount of inventory, and the assessment of deferred tax assets or liabilities. These estimates are often based on complex judgments and assumptions that management believes to be reasonable but are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. Actual results could differ from these estimates. |
Cash and cash equivalents [Policy Text Block] | (c) | Cash and cash equivalents | | |
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Cash includes not only currency on hand but demand deposits with banks or other financial institutions. Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and have original maturities of three months or less. |
Restricted cash [Policy Text Block] | (d) | Restricted cash | | |
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Restricted cash represents the deposits held as compensating balances against banks’ acceptances issued, loans borrowed, amounting to US$12,884,090 and US$13,764,420 as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. |
Accounts and notes receivable [Policy Text Block] | (e) | Accounts and notes receivable, net | | |
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Accounts receivable are recognized and carried at original sales amounts less an allowance for uncollectible accounts, as needed. |
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Accounts receivable are reviewed periodically as to whether they are past due based on contractual terms and their carrying value has become impaired. An allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded in the period in which loss is determined to be probable based on an assessment of specific evidence indicating doubtful collection, historical experience, account balance aging and prevailing economic conditions. Accounts receivable balances are written off after all collection efforts have been exhausted. No significant account receivable balance was written off as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014. |
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Notes receivable represent banks’ acceptances that have been arranged with third-party financial institutions by certain customers to settle their purchases from us. These banks’ acceptances are non-interest bearing and are collectible within six months. Such sales and purchasing arrangements are consistent with industry practices in the PRC. |
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There were no outstanding amounts from customers that individually represent greater than 10% of the total balance of accounts receivable as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014. |
Inventories [Policy Text Block] | (f) | Inventories | | |
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Inventories are stated at lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the weighted average method. Inventory includes raw materials, work in process and finished goods. The variable production overhead is allocated to each unit of production on the basis of the actual use of the production facilities. The allocation of fixed production overhead to the costs of conversion is based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. |
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Where there is evidence that the utility of inventories, in their disposal in the ordinary course of business, will be less than cost, whether due to physical deterioration, obsolescence, changes in price levels, or other causes, the inventories are written down to their fair value for the difference with charges to cost of sales. |
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No value was written down for the inventories as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014. |
Property, plant and equipment and construction in process [Policy Text Block] | (g) | Property, plant and equipment and construction in process | | |
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Other than those acquired in a business combination, property, plant and equipment is stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. The historical cost of acquiring an item of property, plant and equipment includes the costs necessarily incurred to bring it to the condition and location necessary for its intended use. If an item of property, plant and equipment is constructed or developed over a period of time before it is in a condition to be placed in service, the interest cost incurred during that period as a result of expenditures for the item is a part of the historical cost. This item is categorized as construction in progress and is not depreciated until substantially all the activities necessary to bring it to the condition and location necessary for its intended use are completed. |
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Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method (after taking into account their respective estimated residual value) over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows: |
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| Years | | Residual value |
Buildings and improvements | 20-May | | 5% |
Machinery | 10 | | 5% |
Office equipment | 5-Mar | | 5% |
Motor vehicles | 5 | | 5% |
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Depreciation of property, plant and equipment attributable to manufacturing activities is capitalized as part of inventories, and expensed to cost of goods sold when inventories are sold. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. |
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The gain or loss on the disposal of property, plant and equipment is the difference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant assets and is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. |
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Construction in progress represents capital expenditure measured as the direct costs of construction or acquisition and design fees incurred. Capitalization of these costs ceases and the construction in progress is transferred to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment when substantially all the activities necessary to prepare the assets for their intended use are completed. Construction in progress is not depreciated. |
Land use right [Policy Text Block] | (h) | Land use right | | |
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Land use right represents the cost paid to the PRC government authorities for the right to use land over a specified period. Land use right is amortized on a straight line basis over its estimated useful life, which is the periods over which the asset is expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the future cash flows of the Group. The land use right, with 166,533 square meters in area, has a term of 50 years and will expire in December 2058, the estimated useful life is as follows: |
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| Years | | Residual value |
Land use right | 46 | | 0% |
Goodwill [Policy Text Block] | | | | |
(i) | Goodwill | | |
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Goodwill represents the excess of acquisition costs over the fair value of tangible net assets and identifiable intangible assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill and certain other intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives are not amortized. Intangible assets determined to have definite lives are amortized over their useful lives. Goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are subject to impairment testing annually as of the fiscal year-end or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be fully recoverable by comparing carrying values to fair values and, when appropriate, the carrying value of these assets is reduced to fair value. |
Foreign currency translation and transactions [Policy Text Block] | (j) | Foreign currency translation and transactions | | |
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The Company’s and Evercharm’s functional currency is the United States dollar (“US$”). The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries in the PRC is Renminbi (“RMB”). |
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At the date a foreign currency transaction is recognized, each asset, liability, revenue, expense, gain, or loss arising from the transaction is measured initially in the functional currency of the recording entity by use of the exchange rate in effect at that date. The increase or decrease in expected functional currency cash flows upon settlement of a transaction resulting from a change in exchange rates between the functional currency and the currency in which the transaction is denominated is recognized as foreign currency transaction gain or loss that is included in determining net income for the period in which the exchange rate changes. At each balance sheet date, recorded balances that are denominated in a foreign currency are adjusted to reflect the current exchange rate. |
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The Company’s reporting currency is US$. Assets and liabilities of the PRC subsidiaries are translated at the current exchange rate at the balance sheet dates, equity is translated at the historical exchange rate at the injection date and revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates during the reporting periods. Translation adjustments are reported in other comprehensive income. |
Commitments and contingencies [Policy Text Block] | (k) | Commitments and contingencies | | |
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In the normal course of business, the Group is subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, that cover a wide range of matters, including, among others, government investigations, product and environmental liability, and tax matters. The Group records accruals for such loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Historically, the Group has not experienced any material service liability claims. |
Appropriated retained earnings [Policy Text Block] | (l) | Appropriated retained earnings | | |
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The income of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries is distributable to its stockholders after transfer to reserves as required by relevant PRC laws and regulations and the subsidiaries’ articles of association. Appropriations to the reserves are approved by the respective boards of directors. |
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Reserves include statutory reserves and other reserves. Statutory reserves can be used to make good previous years’ losses, if any, and may be converted into capital in proportion to the existing equity interests of stockholders, provided that the balance after such conversion is not less than 25% of the registered capital. The appropriation of statutory reserve may cease to apply if the balance of the fund is equal to 50% of the entity’s registered capital. Pursuant to relevant PRC laws and articles of association of Great Shengda, Shengda Color, Hangzhou Shengming, Suzhou AA and Shuangsheng, the appropriation to the statutory reserves and other reserves is 15% of net profit after taxation of respective entity, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. The results of operations reflected in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP might differ from those reflected in the statutory financial statements of the Company’s subsidiaries. |
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As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the statutory reserve recorded by the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in the PRC amounted to US$8,467,835 and US$8,293,281, respectively. |
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As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the statutory reserve balances of Great Shengda, Hangzhou Shengming, Shengda Color, Suzhou AA and Shuangsheng accounted for approximately 15.8%, 15.3%, 50.0%, 33.9% and nil of their registered capital. The future income of these subsidiaries will be subject to statutory reserve. |
Revenue recognition [Policy Text Block] | (m) | Revenue recognition | | |
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All of the following criteria must exist in order for the Group to recognize revenue: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. |
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Delivery does not occur until products have been shipped to the customers, risk of loss has transferred to the customers and customers’ acceptance has been obtained, or the Group has objective evidence that the criteria specified in customers’ acceptance provisions have been satisfied. The majority of domestic sales contracts transfer title and risk of loss to customers upon receipt. The majority of oversea sales contracts transfer title and risk of loss to customers when goods were delivered to the carriers. The sales price is not considered to be fixed or determinable until all contingencies related to the sale have been resolved. |
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In the PRC, value added tax (the “VAT”) of 17% on invoice amount is collected in respect of the sales of goods on behalf of tax authorities. Revenue is recognized on a net basis, and the VAT collected is not recognized as revenue of the Company. |
Research and development costs [Policy Text Block] | (n) | Research and development costs | | |
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Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. These expenses consist of the costs of the Company’s internal research and development activities and the costs of developing new products and enhancing existing products. Research and development costs amounted to US$964,203 and US$911,458 were recorded in general and administrative expenses for three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. |
Retirement and other postretirement benefits [Policy Text Block] | (o) | Retirement and other postretirement benefits | | |
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Full-time employees of the Group in the PRC participate in a government mandated defined contribution plan, pursuant to which certain pension benefits, medical care, maternity insurance, work-related injury insurance and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. Chinese labor regulations require that the PRC subsidiaries of the Group make contributions to the government for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The Group has no legal obligation for the benefits beyond the contributions made. The total amounts for such employee benefits, which were expensed as incurred, were approximately US$391,434 and US$348,255 for three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. |
Income taxes [Policy Text Block] | (p) | Income taxes | | |
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Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates, applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. |
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The Company also periodically evaluates whether it has any uncertain tax positions requiring accounting recognition in its financial statements. Under applicable U.S. GAAP, companies may recognize a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Applicable U.S. GAAP also provides guidance on the de-recognition of income tax liabilities, classification of interest and penalties on income taxes, and accounting for uncertain tax positions in interim period financial statements. The Company's policy is to record interest and penalties on uncertain tax provisions as a component of its income tax expense. The Group did not have any interest and penalties associated with tax positions and did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014. |
Earnings per share [Policy Text Block] | (q) | Earnings per share | | |
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Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing income attributable to holders of common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares were exercised or converted into common shares. |
Comprehensive income [Policy Text Block] | (r) | Comprehensive income | | |
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Comprehensive income consists of net income and other gains and losses affecting shareholders' equity that, under U.S. GAAP, are excluded from net income. During the periods presented, the Group's comprehensive income (loss) represents its net income (loss) and foreign currency translation gains and losses. |
Fair value measurements [Policy Text Block] | (s) | Fair value measurements | | |
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Financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts and notes receivable, prepayments and other receivables, short-term loans, accounts and notes payable, other payables and amounts due to related party. The carrying amounts of these financial instruments approximate their fair value due to the short term maturities of these instruments. |
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Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Group considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. |
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The Group maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument's categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Three levels of inputs are used to measure fair value: |
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Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. |
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Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. |
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Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. |
Recently issued accounting standards [Policy Text Block] | (t) | Recently issued accounting standards | | |
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In the period from January 1, 2015 to May 15, 2015, the FASB has issued ASU No. 2015-01 through ASU 2015 - 07, which are not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements upon adoption. |
Concentration of Risks [Policy Text Block] | (u) | Concentration of Risks | | |
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Concentration of Credit Risk |
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Assets that potentially subject the Group to significant concentration of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents and accounts and notes receivable. As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 substantially all of the Group’s cash and cash equivalents were deposited in financial institutions that management believes to be of high credit quality located in the PRC, which management believes are of high credit quality. Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and are derived from revenue earned from customers in the PRC. The risk with respect to accounts receivable is mitigated by credit evaluations the Group performs on its customers and its ongoing monitoring process of outstanding balances. |
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Concentration of Customers |
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There are no revenues from customers that individually represent greater than 10% of the total revenues during three-month period ended March 31, 2015 and 2014. |
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Concentration of Suppliers |
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The Company purchased its products from three major suppliers during the period ended March 31, 2015, accounting for 18% , 17%and 10% of the total purchases, respectively. The Company purchased its products from two major suppliers during the period ended March 31, 2014, accounting for 17% and 16% of the total purchases, respectively. |
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Current vulnerability due to certain other concentrations |
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The Group’s operations may be adversely affected by significant political, economic and social uncertainties in the PRC. Although the PRC government has been pursuing economic reform policies for more than 30 years, no assurance can be given that the PRC government will continue to pursue such policies or that such policies may not be significantly altered, especially in the event of a change in leadership, social or political disruption or unforeseen circumstances affecting the PRC’s political, economic and social conditions. There is also no guarantee that the PRC government’s pursuit of economic reforms will be consistent or effective. |
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The Group transacts all of its business in RMB, which is not freely convertible into foreign currencies. On January 1, 1994, the PRC government abolished the dual rate system and introduced a single rate of exchange as quoted daily by the People’s Bank of China (the “PBOC”). However, the unification of the exchange rates does not imply that RMB may be readily convertible into US$ or other foreign currencies. All foreign exchange transactions continue to take place either through the PBOC or other banks authorized to buy and sell foreign currencies at the exchange rates quoted by the PBOC. Approval of foreign currency payments by the PBOC or other institutions requires submitting a payment application form together with suppliers’ invoices, shipping documents and signed contracts. |
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Additionally, the value of RMB is subject to changes in central government policies and international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the PRC foreign exchange trading system market. |
Segment reporting [Policy Text Block] | (v) | Segment reporting | | |
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The company uses the management approach model, which is based on the way a company's management organizes segments within the company for making operating decisions and assessing performance. And the company's reportable segments are based on products and services, geography, legal structure, management structure, or any other manner in which management disaggregates a company. |
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Accordingly, the Group categorizes its business into two operating segments, namely (i)Paper cartons and other paper products; (ii)Corrugating medium paper. |