Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements, and the related disclosures, have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and SEC regulations and, in the opinion of management include all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations, financial position, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each period presented. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). All adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The Company’s consolidated financial statements are stated in U.S. dollars. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. On August 26, 2021, when the Company closed the Merger, all outstanding shares of common stock along with preferred stock of Private Aadi were exchanged for new shares of common stock of the Company and the approximately 8.1 million shares of Private Aadi capital stock held by stockholders of Private Aadi immediately prior to the Merger were exchanged for approximately 2.5 million shares of common stock of the Company based on the Exchange Ratio. The authorized number of shares of common stock was not reduced and remains at 300.0 million. The par value of the Company’s common stock remains unchanged at $0.0001 per share. Also on August 26, 2021, and immediately prior to the closing of the Merger, the Company effected the Reverse Stock Split. Accordingly, all share and per share amounts for the period presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted retroactively, where applicable, to reflect the Reverse Stock Split. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Unless otherwise noted, all references to shares of the Company’s common stock and per share amounts have also been adjusted to reflect the Exchange Ratio. Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, including unrealized gains and losses on short-term investments. Comprehensive loss has been reflected in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss for all periods presented. Segment Information Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company has identified its Chief Executive Officer as the chief operating decision maker and the Company views its operations and manages its business in one operating segment, which is the business of developing and commercializing proprietary therapeutics. All the assets and operations of the Company’s sole operating and reportable segment are located in the United States. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. In the opinion of management, all adjustments that are considered necessary for fair presentation have been included. The most significant estimates in the Company’s consolidated financial statements relate to fair value of the intangible asset, fair value of the convertible promissory notes, gross-to-net accruals, share-based compensation expense and accrued research and development costs. Although these estimates are based on the Company’s knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future, actual results may materially differ from these estimates and assumptions. Concentrat ion of Credit Risk Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk, consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, and investments in money market funds, United States government treasury bills, commercial paper, corporate bonds, and government agency debt securities. The Company maintains deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. Management believes that the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position of the depository institutions in which those deposits are held. While the Company has not experienced any losses in such deposits, the recent failure of Silicon Valley Bank, at which the Company holds cash and cash equivalents in multiple accounts, exposed the Company to credit risk prior to the resolution by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation in a manner that fully protected all depositors. The Company has not experienced any losses on deposits since inception. The Company’s accounts receivable is derived from customers located principally in the United States. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and maintains allowances for potential credit losses on customers’ accounts when deemed necessary. The Company does not typically require collateral from its customers. Credit losses historically have not been material. The Company continuously monitors customer payments and maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts based on its assessment of various factors including historical experience, age of the receivable balances, and other current economic conditions or other factors that may affect customers’ ability to pay. Customer Concentration The majority of the Company's revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 was from two companies at 58% and 41% of the Company’s revenue, respectively. Additionally, one customer accounted for 100% of the net accounts receivable as of December 31, 2022 . Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash The Company considers all highly liquid marketable securities purchased with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase date to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, cash and cash equivalents included money market investments totaling $32.0 million and $140.0 million, respectively. Restricted cash consists of a letter of credit secured by restricted cash in connection with one of the Company's office leases described in Note 8, and is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated statements of cash flows (amounts in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 Cash and cash equivalents $ 39,019 $ 148,989 Restricted cash, non-current 64 — Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 39,083 $ 148,989 Fair Value Option The Company elected the fair value option to account for its convertible promissory notes which were issued in 2019 and 2020. The Company recorded the convertible promissory notes at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in the statements of operations. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, there were no convertible notes outstanding as they were converted to shares of Private Aadi common stock immediately prior to the closing of the Merger. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The accounting guidance defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is defined as an exit price representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the accounting guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: Level 1: Observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets Level 2: Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions which reflect those that a market participant would use Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. In determining the fair value of its financial instruments, the Company considers the source of observable market data inputs, liquidity of the instrument, the credit risk of the counterparty to the contract, and its risk of nonperformance. In the case fair value is not observable, for the items subject to fair value measurements, the Company applies valuation techniques deemed the most appropriate under the GAAP guidance based on the nature of the assets and liabilities being measured. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets and accounts payable are reasonable estimates of their fair value because of the short maturity of these items. Short-term investments The Company invests in various types of securities, including United States government and commercial paper and corporate debt securities. The Company classifies its investments as available-for-sale and records them at fair value based upon market prices at period end. Unrealized gains and losses that are deemed temporary in nature are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned. Realized gains and losses are included in earnings and are derived using the specific identification method for determining the cost of investments sold. The Company classifies short-term investments wi th remaining maturities greater than one year as current assets because such short-term investments are available to fund the Company’s current operations. At each balance sheet date, the Company assesses available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position to determine whether the unrealized loss is other-than-temporary. When the Company determines that a decline in the fair value below its cost basis is other-than-temporary, the Company recognizes an impairment loss in the period in which the other-than-temporary decline occurred. There have been no other-than-temporary impairments recognized during any of the periods presented. See Note 4 for further informatio n. Accounts Receivable, Net Accounts receivable are recorded net of customer allowances for chargebacks and allowance for doubtful accounts. Allowance for chargebacks is based on contractual terms. The Company estimates the allowance for doubtful accounts based on existing contractual payment terms, actual payment patterns of its customers and individual customer circumstances. As of December 31, 2022, $0.1 million of customer allowances for chargebacks was recorded. No allowances were recorded as of December 31, 2021. No receivables were written off for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Inventory Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. The Company uses actual costing methodology determined on a first-in, first-out method. The Company capitalizes inventory costs associated with its products based upon regulatory approval when, based on management’s judgment, future commercialization is considered probable and the future economic benefit is expected to be realized; otherwise, such costs are expensed. Prior to FDA approval of FYARRO, all costs related to the manufacturing of FYARRO were charged to research and development expense in the period incurred, therefore the inventory balance was zero at December 31, 2021. Details of inventory are presented as follows (amounts in thousands). As of December 31, 2022 Raw materials $ 944 Work in process — Finished goods 917 Total $ 1,861 Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment, consisting of computers, furniture and fixtures, office equipment, construction in process and leasehold improvements are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Property and equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally three Details of property and equipment are presented as follows (amounts in thousands). As of December 31, 2022 2021 Computers and software $ 338 $ 51 Construction in process 77 — Furniture and fixtures 65 36 Leasehold improvements 129 — Total $ 609 $ 87 Accumulated depreciation (101) (30) Property and equipment, net $ 508 $ 57 Intangible Asset, Net The Company’s intangible asset consisted of a single asset, the Gossamer License Agreement, assumed in the Merger. The intangible asset was stated at fair value and amortized using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life of 14.3 years. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the acquired intangible asset was reduced to its estimated fair value of $3.9 million at the Effective Time. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the intangible asset's fair value was reduced to zero based on the termination of the Gossamer License Agreement effective July 24, 2022 (see Note 6). Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews long-lived assets, including property, equipment, and the intangible asset for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than the carrying amount. The impairment loss, if recognized, would be based on the excess of the carrying value of the impaired asset over its respective fair value. An impairment was recorded for the long-lived intangible asset during the year ended December 31, 2022 based on the termination of the Gossamer License Agreement effective July 24, 2022 (see Note 6). Leases At the inception of a contractual arrangement, the Company determines whether the contract contains a lease by assessing whether there is an identified asset and whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of the identified asset in exchange for consideration over a period of time. If both criteria are met, the Company records the associated lease liability and corresponding right-of-use asset upon commencement of the lease using the implicit rate or a discount rate based on a credit-adjusted secured borrowing rate commensurate with the term of the lease. The Company does not recognize assets or liabilities for leases with lease terms of less than 12 months. The Company additionally evaluates leases at their inception to determine if they are to be accounted for as an operating lease or a finance lease. A lease is accounted for as a finance lease if it meets one of the following five criteria: (i) the lease has a purchase option that is reasonably certain of being exercised, (ii) the present value of the future cash flows is substantially all of the fair market value of the underlying asset, (iii) the lease term is for a significant portion of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset, (iv) the title to the underlying asset transfers at the end of the lease term, or (v) if the underlying asset is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative uses to the lessor at the end of the term. Leases that do not meet the finance lease criteria are accounted for as an operating lease. Operating lease assets represent a right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent an obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease liabilities with a term greater than one year and their corresponding right-of-use assets are recognized on the balance sheet at the commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the expected lease term. Certain adjustments to the right-of-use asset may be required for items such as initial direct costs paid or incentives received. As the Company’s leases do not typically provide an implicit rate, the Company utilizes the appropriate incremental borrowing rate, determined as the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term and in a similar economic environment. For finance leases, depreciation expense is recognized for the leased asset acquired and interest expense is recognized related to the portion of the financing in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. For operating leases, lease cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and variable lease payments are recognized as operating expense in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. Variable lease payments primarily include common area maintenance, utilities, real estate taxes, insurance, and other operating costs that are passed on from the lessor in proportion to the space leased by the Company. The Company has elected the practical expedient to not separate between lease and non-lease components. Commitments and Contingencies The Company recognizes a liability with regard to loss contingencies when it believes it is probable a liability has been incurred, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If some amount within a range of loss appears at the time to be a better estimate than any other amount within the range, the Company accrues that amount. When no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount the Company accrues the minimum amount in the range. The Company has not recorded any such liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 . Revenue Recognition and Related Allowances The Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines are within the scope of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”), the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that it will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of Topic 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. Product Net Sales FYARRO was approved by the FDA in November 2021. On February 22, 2022, the Company launched sales of FYARRO to specialty distributors (“SDs”) and a specialty pharmacy (“SP”). The Company recognizes product sales when the SDs and SP obtain control of the product. Product sales are recorded at the net sales price, which includes provisions for the following allowances which are reflected either as a reduction to the related account receivable or as an accrued liability, depending on how the allowance is settled: Distribution Fees : Distribution fees include distribution service fees paid to the SDs and SP based on a contractually fixed percentage of the wholesale acquisition cost (“WAC”). Distribution fees are recorded as an offset to product sales based on contractual terms at the time revenue from the sale is recognized. Rebates : Allowance for rebates includes mandated discounts under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program and TRICARE program. Rebates are amounts owed after the final dispensing of the product to a benefit plan participant and are based upon contractual agreements or statutory requirements. The allowance for rebates is based on contracted or statutory discount rates and expected utilization by benefit plan participants. The Company’s estimates for expected utilization of rebates are based on utilization data received from the SDs and SP since product launch. Rebates are generally invoiced and paid in arrears so that the accrual balance consists of an estimate of the amount expected to be incurred for the current quarter’s activity. If actual future rebates vary from estimates, the Company may need to adjust prior period accruals, which would affect product sales in the period of adjustment. Chargebacks: Chargebacks are discounts and fees that relate to contracts with government and other entities purchasing from the SDs and SP at a discounted price. The SDs and SP charge back to the Company the difference between the price initially paid by the SDs and SP and the discounted price paid to the SDs and SP by these entities. If actual future chargebacks vary from these estimates, the Company may need to adjust prior period accruals, which would affect product sales in the period of adjustment. Co-Payment Assistance: The Company offers co-payment assistance to commercially insured patients meeting certain eligibility requirement. Co-payment assistance is accrued at the time of product sale to SDs and SP based on estimated patient participation and average co-pay benefit to be paid per a claim. The Company estimated amounts are compared to actual program participation and co-pay amounts paid using data provided by third-party administrators. If actual amounts differ from the original estimates the assumptions being applied are updated and adjustment for prior period accruals will be adjusted in the current period. Product Returns: Consistent with industry practice, the Company offers the SDs and SP limited product return rights for damages, shipment errors, and expiring product, provided that the return is within a specified period around the product expiration date as set forth in the applicable individual distribution agreement. The Company does not allow product returns for product that has been dispensed to a patient. As the Company receives inventory reports from the SDs and SP and has the ability to control the amount of product that is sold to the SDs and SP the Company’s estimate of future potential product returns is based on the on-hand channel inventory data and sell-through data obtained from the SDs and SP. In arriving at its estimate, the Company also considers historical product returns, the underlying product demand, and industry data specific to the specialty pharmaceutical distribution industry. The total amount deducted from gross product sales for the allowances described above for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $2.4 million. The following table summarizes the consolidated activities and ending balance of all of the Company's gross-to-net sales adjustments (amounts in thousands): Balance at Beginning of Year Provision for Current Period Sales Payments Balance at End of Year Year ended December 31, 2022 $ — $ 2,438 $ (1,004) $ 1,434 Grant Revenue The Company’s grant revenues are derived from federal grants with the FDA. The Company has determined that the government agencies providing grants to the Company are not customers. Grant revenue is recognized when there is reasonable assurance of compliance with the conditions of the grant and reasonable assurance that the grant revenue will be received. The Company recognizes grant revenues as reimbursable grant costs are incurred. The costs associated with these reimbursements are reflected as a component of research and development expense in the accompanying statements of operations and comprehensive loss. With respect to grant revenue derived from reimbursement of direct out-of-pocket expenses for research costs associated with federal contracts, where the Company acts as principal with discretion to choose suppliers, bears credit risk, and performs part of the services required in the transaction, the Company records revenue for the gross amount of the reimbursement. The costs associated with these reimbursements are reflected as a component of research and development expense in the accompanying statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Revenue Under License Agreement The Company generates revenues from payments received under a license agreement. Under such license agreement, the Company recognizes revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to partners in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for contracts with partners, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identifies the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) identifies the performance obligations in the contract, including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) determines the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocates the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognizes revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies the performance obligations. For revenue from such license agreement, the Company generally collects an upfront license payment from the license partner and is also entitled to receive event-based payments subject to the license partner’s achievement of specified development, regulatory and sales-based milestones. In addition, the Company is generally entitled to royalties if products under the license agreement are commercialized. Transaction price for a contract represents the amount to which the Company is entitled in exchange for providing goods and services to the partner. Transaction price does not include amounts subject to uncertainties unless it is probable that there will be no significant reversal of revenue when the uncertainty is resolved. Apart from the upfront license payment, all other fees the Company may earn under such license agreements are subject to significant uncertainties of product development. Achievement of many of the event-based development and regulatory milestones may not be probable until such milestones are actually achieved. This generally relates to milestones such as obtaining regulatory approvals and successful completion of clinical trials. With respect to other development milestones, e.g., dosing of a first patient in a clinical trial, achievement could be considered probable prior to its actual occurrence, based on the progress towards commencement of the trial. The Company does not include any amounts subject to uncertainties in the transaction price until it is probable that the amount will not result in a significant reversal of revenue in the future. At the end of each reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the probability of achievement of such milestones and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjusts the estimate of the overall transaction price. Because such agreements generally only have one type of performance obligation, a license, which is generally all transferred at the same time as agreement inception, allocation of the transaction price among multiple performance obligations is not required. Upfront amounts allocated to licenses are recognized as revenue when the licenses are transferred to the partners. Development milestones and other fees are recognized in revenue when their occurrence becomes probable. Research and Development Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including salaries and benefits, materials and supplies, preclinical expenses, share-based compensation expense, contract services, and other external development expenses. The Company records research and development activities conducted by third-party service providers, which include work related to preclinical studies, clinical trials, and contract manufacturing activities, to research and development expense as incurred. The Company is required to estimate the amount of services provided but not yet invoiced and include these expenses in accrued expenses on the balance sheet and within research and development expenses in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. These expenses are a significant component of the Company’s research and development expenses and require significant estimates and judgments. The Company accrues for these expenses based on factors such as estimates of the work completed and in accordance with agreements established with its third-party service providers. As actual expenses become known, the Company adjusts its accrued expenses. Share-Based Compensation The Company recognizes all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss based on their fair values. All of the Company’s share-based awards, to employees, non-employees, officers, and directors, are subject only to service-based vesting conditions. The Company estimates the fair value of its share-based awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires the input of assumptions, including (i) the expected stock price volatility, (ii) the calculation of expected term of the award, (iii) the risk-free interest rate and (iv) expected dividends. Options granted during the year have a maximum contractual term of ten years. Forfeitures are recognized and accounted for as they occur. Due to the historical lack of a public market for the trading of the Company’s securities and a lack of company-specific historical and implied volatility data, the Company has based its estimate of expected volatility on the historical volatility of a group of similar companies that are publicly traded. The computation of expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of a representative group of companies with similar characteristics to the Company, including stage of product development and life science industry focus. The Company believes the group selected has sufficient similar economic and industry characteristics and includes companies that are most representative of the Company. The Company has limited historical stock option activity and therefore estimates the expected term of stock options granted to employees, officers, and directors using the simplified method, which represents the average of the contractual term of the stock option and its weighted-average vesting period, to calculate the expected term, as it does not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term for options granted to employees, and utilizes the contractual term for options granted to non-employees. The expected term is applied to the stock option grant group as a whole, as the Company does not expect substantially different exercise or post-vesting termination behavior among its employee population. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of the grant for zero-coupon U.S. Treasury notes with maturities approximately equal to the expected term of the stock options. Compensation expense related to awards to employees is calculated on a straight-line basis by recognizing the grant date fair value over the associated service period of the award, which is generally the vesting term. Employee Stock Purchase Plan Stock-based compensation expense for employee stock purchases under the Company’s 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2021 ESPP”) is recorded at the estimated fair value of the purcha |