Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(B)(3)
Registration Statement No. 333-148905
a Delaware Limited Liability Company
September 26, 2008
The securities being offered by East Coast Ethanol, LLC are Limited Liability Company Membership Units
Minimum Offering Amount | | $ | 253,650,000* | | | Minimum Number of Units | | | 16,910 | |
Maximum Offering Amount | | $ | 591,825,000* | | | Maximum Number of Units | | | 39,455 | |
* Our placement agent, Thomas Group Capital, will receive (i) a placement agent fee equal to 4.5% of the gross proceeds of the sales of our securities made to investors identified and solicited by Thomas Group Capital, (ii) warrants to purchase up to 3.5% of the total amount of securities sold by Thomas Group Capital as described in further detail below and (iii) 1.5% of any debt financing raised by it. Our financial advisor, Jasper Corporate Finance Limited, will receive a ‘success fee’ equal to 1.25% of any debt raised, 2.0% of any mezzanine financing raised and 3.0% of any equity raised by it.
Offering Price: $15,000 per Unit
Minimum Purchase Requirement: One Unit ($15,000)
Additional Purchases in Increments of one-third of one Unit ($5,000)
We are offering limited liability company membership units in East Coast Ethanol, LLC, a development stage Delaware limited liability company. This is a self-written best efforts offering that is being conducted primarily by our officers and directors, except that we have engaged a licensed broker-dealer, Thomas Group Capital as our exclusive placement agent for sales of our securities in North Carolina, Virginia and Maryland and as our non-exclusive placement agent in other states in which we are registering our securities for sale. In addition to receiving 4.5% of the gross proceeds from its sales of our securities, our agreement provides that Thomas Group Capital will receive warrants to purchase up to 3.5% of the total amount of securities it sells; these warrants are exercisable at the same offering price per unit as the units being sold under this registration statement and will be exercisable for a period of 10 years from the date we release funds from escrow. We have also engaged a licensed financial advisor, Jasper Corporate Finance Limited, to assist us in obtaining financing from investors and banks located outside the United States.
We intend to use the offering proceeds to develop, construct and operate four 110 million gallon per year dry mill corn-processing ethanol manufacturing plants expected to be located in the Southeast United States. We estimate the total project, including operating capital, will cost approximately $871,500,000. We expect to use debt financing to complete project capitalization. The offering will end no later than September 26, 2009. If we sell the maximum number of units prior to September 26, 2009, the offering will end on or about the date that we sell the maximum number of units. We may also end the offering any time after we sell the minimum number of units and prior to September 26, 2009. In addition, if we abandon the project for any reason prior to September 26, 2009, we will terminate the offering and promptly return offering proceeds to investors. Proceeds from subscriptions for the units will be deposited in an interest-bearing escrow account under a written escrow agreement. We will not release funds from the escrow account until specific conditions are satisfied. Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. These securities are speculative securities and involve a significant degree of risk. You should read this prospectus including the “RISK FACTORS” beginning on page 3. You should consider these risk factors before investing in us:
| Ø | YOU ARE INVESTING IN ILLIQUID SECURITIES AND WILL NOT BE ABLE TO READILY SELL YOUR UNITS; |
| Ø | WE WILL NEED TO OBTAIN SIGNIFICANT DEBT FINANCING TO FUND CONSTRUCTION OF OUR PROPOSED ETHANOL PLANTS; |
| Ø | OVERCAPACITY WITHIN THE ETHANOL INDUSTRY COULD REDUCE THE VALUE OF YOUR INVESTMENT; |
| Ø | DECLINING ETHANOL AND DISTILLERS GRAINS PRICES WILL NEGATIVELY AFFECT YOUR INVESTMENT; |
| Ø | POTENTIAL COST INCREASES FOR CRITICAL INPUTS SUCH AS CORN AND NATURAL GAS COULD REDUCE THE VALUE OF YOUR INVESTMENT; |
| Ø | CHANGES IN OR ELIMINATION OF GOVERNMENTAL LAWS, TARIFFS, TRADE OR OTHER CONTROLS OR ENFORCEMENT PRACTICES SUCH AS NATIONAL, STATE OR LOCAL ENERGY POLICY; FEDERAL ETHANOL TAX INCENTIVES; OR ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS THAT APPLY TO OUR PLANT OPERATIONS AND THEIR ENFORCEMENT COULD REDUCE THE VALUE OF YOUR INVESTMENT; AND |
| Ø | OTHER FACTORS DESCRIBED ELSEWHERE IN THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page |
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY | 1 |
IMPORTANT NOTICES TO INVESTORS | 5 |
RISK FACTORS | 5 |
INDUSTY AND MARKET DATA | 21 |
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS | 21 |
DETERMINATION OF OFFERING PRICE | 22 |
DILUTION | 22 |
CAPITALIZATION | 23 |
DISTRIBUTION POLICY | 24 |
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA | 24 |
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS AND PLAN OF OPERATION | 27 |
ESTIMATED SOURCES OF FUNDS | 31 |
ESTIMATED USE OF PROCEEDS | 31 |
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW | 32 |
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS | 42 |
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, PROMOTERS AND CONTROL PERSONS | 63 |
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT | 66 |
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION | 66 |
INDEMINIFICATION FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES | 68 |
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS | 68 |
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION | 68 |
DESCRIPTION OF MEMBERSHIP UNITS | 73 |
SUMMARY OF OUR OPERATING AGREEMENT | 77 |
LEGAL MATTERS | 87 |
EXPERTS | 87 |
TRANSFER AGENT | 87 |
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION | 87 |
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | F-1 |
EXHIBITS | |
Certificate of Formation | Appendix A |
Operating Agreement | Appendix B |
Form of Subscription Agreement | Appendix C |
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary only highlights selected information from this prospectus and may not contain all of the information that is important to you. You should carefully read the entire prospectus, the financial statements, and attached exhibits before you decide whether to invest.
OUR COMPANY
East Coast Ethanol, LLC (“East Coast Ethanol”) was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on July 27, 2007 and was created to facilitate the merger of four entities – Mid Atlantic Ethanol, LLC, Palmetto Agri-Fuels, LLC, Atlantic Ethanol, LLC, and Florida Ethanol, LLC. Each of the four entities was in the process of developing a 110 million gallon ethanol plant in the states of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and Florida, respectively. These four companies merged in order to maximize efficiencies and take advantage of economies of scale.
We are a development stage company with no prior operating history. We do not expect to generate any revenue until our plants become operational, which we currently expect will be in winter 2010. Our ownership interests are represented by membership interests, which are designated as units. Our principal address and location is 1907 Thurmond Mall, Post Office Box 2226, Columbia, South Carolina 29202. Our toll-free telephone number is 877-323-3835 and our website is www.eastcoastethanol.us.
OUR PROJECT
East Coast Ethanol was formed for the purpose of developing and financing a project to build and operate four 110 million gallon dry mill corn-processing ethanol plants expected to be located in the Southeastern region of the United States, namely Wayne County, Georgia, Jackson County, Florida, Chester County, South Carolina and Northampton County, North Carolina.
Although the anticipated plants each have a nameplate production capacity of 110 million gallons per year, historical operating performances of similar plants constructed by our anticipated design-builder, Fagen, Inc., indicate that the plants are each likely to produce approximately 120 million gallons of ethanol annually. Therefore, our discussion throughout this prospectus assumes aggregate annual production from all four plants of 480 million gallons of ethanol and our input requirements and co-product production levels are based on ethanol production of 120 million gallons per year per plant. For reference purposes, we refer to our plants by their nameplate production capacities rather than anticipated production levels. Additionally, while we plan on financing and constructing the four ethanol plants concurrently, at our sole discretion, we may choose to finance and develop each plant individually. According to the engineering specifications from our anticipated design-builder, Fagen, Inc., on an annual basis the plants will be able to produce in the aggregate approximately 480 million gallons of ethanol, 1,540,000 tons of dried distiller’s grains with solubles, and 1,058,400 tons of carbon dioxide.
Construction of each of our plants is expected to take approximately 18 to 22 months. Our anticipated completion date is currently scheduled for winter 2010. This anticipated completion date assumes that we are able to complete our financing arrangements, including this offering and debt financing in a timely fashion. Fagen, Inc.’s commitments to build other plants may potentially delay construction of our plants and postpone our start-up date. As of the date of this prospectus, we have signed letters of intent with Fagen, Inc., for the design and construction of three of our facilities. We are currently performing site due diligence on the location for our fourth plant and have not yet signed a letter of intent for it. We have no any binding or non-binding agreements with any other contractor or supplier for labor or materials necessary to construct our plants.
Our anticipated construction schedule is as follows:
| Ø | February 2008 – December 2008: Conduct equity drive and negotiate and close debt financing. |
| Ø | January 2009: Commence construction of first plant. Fagen, Inc. is expected to commence construction of the other three plants shortly thereafter. |
| Ø | Summer 2010: Commencement of operations at first plant. |
| Ø | Winter 2010: Commencement of operations at final plant. |
OUR COMPETITIVE STRENGTHS
Our competitive strengths include:
| Ø | Location. The southeast United States does not produce nearly enough ethanol to meet its needs and imports most of its ethanol, primarily from the Midwest and the Eastern corn-belt. According to the Renewable Fuels Association (“RFA”), as of the current time, there is no ethanol production occurring in South Carolina and Florida; there is a 60 million gallon ethanol plant under construction in North Carolina, and there is one ethanol plant producing 0.4 million gallons per year in Georgia and two plants with a combined nameplate capacity of 120 million gallon currently under construction. Please see “GENERAL ETHANOL DEMAND AND SUPPLY.” According to the latest figures released by the Energy Information Administration, the Southeast ethanol market is estimated at 2.3 billion gallon per year. Our four facilities (if and when they become operational) can supply ethanol to the Southeast United States at a much cheaper rate than imported ethanol because of reduced transportation costs given our geographical location. We estimate that our transportation costs will be a third of that of the Midwestern ethanol plants supplying ethanol to the Southeast, and half of the ethanol plants located in the Eastern corn-belt supplying ethanol to the area. Moreover, since most of the ethanol produced in the Eastern corn-belt is delivered to population centers in the East and Northeast, we are mainly competing in the Southeast against ethanol produced in the Midwest, over which we expect to have a decided transportation cost advantage. Thus, our strategy is to become one of the foremost suppliers of ethanol to the Southeast U.S. market. |
| Ø | Reduced transportation costs. Since our proposed ethanol plants are expected to be located close to each other, we intend to consolidate and manage a deck of trains for four facilities rather than a set of trains for each facility. Additionally, we have selected plant sites that are conveniently located with easy access to major highways, fuel terminals and ports, which we expect will generally reduce our transportation costs and allow us to sell our ethanol at competitive prices to a greater number of terminals. Please see “PLANT SITE INFORMATION.” |
| Ø | Economies of Scale. Our proposed size is advantageous in several respects. First, we expect to streamline senior management by eliminating the standard positions of General Manager, Commodity Manager and Controller at each of our plants (replacing these positions with a Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial officer, Chief Operating Officer and two administrative support personnel) for all four plants. Second, we anticipate that the size of our proposed operations will allow us to increase our borrowing capacity. Finally, if and when our plants commence production, we intend to become one of the largest producers of ethanol in the Southeast United States (as of the present time, including production from competitors’ plants under construction, our total capacity of 480 million gallons would make us the fourth largest ethanol producer in the U.S.) and our size should generally assist our operations. |
OUR CHALLENGES
Our notable challenges to implementing our business strategy include:
| Ø | Raising Sufficient Capital. We will need to raise a substantial amount of capital – approximately $871,500,000 in equity and debt financing to equip us with the necessary capital to proceed as planned. During 2007 and 2008, investment activity in the domestic ethanol industry has diminished considerably due to a number of factors including unfavorable market conditions and concerns regarding potential oversupply. In addition, the overall credit environment tightened considerably as a result of the subprime mortgage crises. Given the uncertain credit environment and the recent decreased investment interest in our industry, we may find it difficult to obtain the requisite financing. |
| Ø | Ethanol Prices. Our performance will be heavily dependent on ethanol prices. Ethanol prices declined in the first half of 2007, likely owing to an increase in supply and infrastructure difficulties, but rebounded in the latter half of 2007 and have held steady throughout the first half of 2008. While the newly enacted Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 is likely to increase demand for ethanol, we believe an increase in voluntary consumption of ethanol is required for prices to reach levels at which we may operate profitably. |
| Ø | Corn Prices. Corn is a key input for our plants. We expect to require approximately 176 million bushels of corn in aggregate each year for our plants. We will be especially sensitive to corn prices (which have increased substantially in recent times) since our plants will not be located near an abundant supply of corn. We expect to import corn for our plants from the Midwestern United States, which will require us to incur additional transportation costs thereby increasing our overall corn costs. |
ETHANOL INDUSTRY
Ethanol is ethyl alcohol, a fuel component made primarily from corn and various other grains, and can be used as: (i) an octane enhancer in fuels; (ii) an oxygenated fuel additive for the purpose of reducing ozone and carbon monoxide vehicle emissions; and (iii) a non-petroleum-based gasoline substitute. Approximately 95 percent of all ethanol is used in its primary form for blending with unleaded gasoline and other fuel products. Used as a fuel oxygenate, ethanol provides a means to control carbon monoxide emissions in large metropolitan areas. The principal purchasers of ethanol are generally the wholesale gasoline marketer or blender. Oxygenated gasoline is commonly referred to as reformulated gasoline.
Over the past twenty years the U.S. fuel ethanol industry has grown tremendously from almost nothing to over 7 billion gallons of ethanol production per year. According to the RFA, as of September 16, 2008, there are 171 ethanol production facilities producing ethanol throughout the United States with 38 new ethanol plants in various stages of completion. Most of these facilities are based in the Midwest because of the nearby access to the corn and grain feedstocks necessary to produce ethanol.
RISK FACTORS
Our business involves various risks, including: our ability to obtain significant debt financing to fund construction of our proposed ethanol plants; the volatility and uncertainty of commodity prices; changes in current legislation or regulations that affect ethanol supply and demand; changes in ethanol supply and demand; our ability to compete effectively in the ethanol industry; our lack of any operating history and history of operating losses; development of infrastructure related to the sale and distribution of ethanol; difficulties in constructing and operating our ethanol plants; the adverse effect of environmental, health and safety laws, regulations and liabilities; disruptions to infrastructure or in the supply of raw materials; the division of our management’s time and energy among our different ethanol plants; competition for qualified employees in the ethanol industry; our ability to keep pace with technological advances; lack of experience of our directors and officers in the ethanol business; increase in construction and equipment costs; and competition from alternative fuels and alternative fuel additives. Please carefully study “RISK FACTORS” to gain an appreciation of the risks involved in investing in East Coast Ethanol.
THE OFFERING
Minimum number of units offered | 16,910 units |
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Maximum number of units offered | 39,455 units |
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Purchase price per unit | $15,000 |
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Minimum purchase amount | One ($15,000) |
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Additional purchases | One-third of one unit increments ($5,000) |
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Offering start date | As soon as practicable following declaration of effectiveness of our registration statement. |
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Offering end date | September 26, 2009 |
Subscription procedures | Before purchasing units, you must read and complete the subscription agreement, draft a check payable to “BB&T Corporation, Escrow Agent for East Coast Ethanol, LLC” in the amount of not less than 10% of the amount due for units for which subscription is sought, which amount will be deposited in the escrow account; sign a full recourse promissory note for the remaining 90% of the total subscription price; and deliver to us these items and an executed copy of the signature page of our operating agreement. Investors may pay the entire investment amount at the time of signing the subscription agreement. The promissory note will become due within 20 days of your receipt of written notice from East Coast Ethanol. We expect to issue this notice once we have received subscriptions for the necessary amount of equity to fund our project. We will pursue all legal remedies against investors who do not timely pay the balances due. Based on current market conditions, we expect to finance the project at a debt to equity ratio of 50% debt and 50% equity. Therefore, we expect to need approximately $435,750,000 in equity in order to attract sufficient debt to complete our financing. |
| Because of fluctuating market conditions, we have set our minimum offering amount at approximately 30% of the total project cost even though we currently expect to need at least 50% equity in order to attract sufficient debt to complete our financing. |
Escrow procedures | Proceeds from the subscriptions for the units will be deposited in an interest bearing account that we have established with BB&T Corporation, as escrow agent under a written escrow agreement. We do not expect to release funds from the escrow account until the following conditions are satisfied: (1) cash proceeds from unit sales deposited in the escrow account equals or exceeds the minimum offering amount of $253,650,000, exclusive of interest; (2) we obtain a written debt financing commitment for debt financing ranging from approximately $269,875,000 to $608,050,000, less any grants and/or tax increment financing we are awarded; (3) we elect, in writing, to terminate the escrow agreement; 4) an affidavit prepared by our escrow agent has been sent to the states in which we have registered units stating that the conditions set out in (1), (2) and (3) have been met; and (5) in each state in which consent is required, the state securities commissioner has consented to release of the funds on deposit. Upon satisfaction of these conditions, the escrow agreement will terminate, and the escrow agent will disburse the funds on deposit, including interest, to us to be used in accordance with the provisions set out in this prospectus. If we have not satisfied these conditions for releasing funds from escrow by September 26, 2009, we will return all equity proceeds to investors and terminate the escrow agreement. In that event, investors will receive the entire amount of their paid-in investment being held in escrow plus any allocable interest earned during the escrow period. |
States in which we plan to register | Florida, Maryland, New York, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia and Virginia. |
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Method of sales | The directors and officers identified on Page 60 of this prospectus will be involved in offering securities directly to investors on behalf of the Company as an issuer. We have engaged a placement agent, Thomas Group Capital (a licensed broker-dealer), to sell our securities on a best-efforts basis in North Carolina, Virginia and Maryland. Thomas Group Capital is our exclusive placement agent in these states and is our non-exclusive placement agent in other states in which we are registering our securities. It is possible that we may engage other placement agents to sell our securities in other states but we do not have any other placement agent agreements or engagements at this time. Further, we have engaged a licensed financial advisor, Jasper Corporate Finance Limited, to assist us in obtaining financing from investors and banks located outside the United States. |
Suitability of investors | Persons (excluding North Carolina residents) cannot invest in this offering unless they meet one of the following suitability tests: Ø Persons who have annual income from whatever source of at least $45,000 and have a net worth of at least $45,000 exclusive of home, furnishings and automobiles; or Ø Persons who have a net worth of at least $150,000 exclusive of home, furnishings and automobiles. For married persons, the tests will be applied on a joint husband and wife basis regardless of whether the purchase is made by one spouse or the husband and wife jointly. |
| Residents of North Carolina must meet one of the following suitability tests: Ø Persons who have minimum net worth of $70,000 and minimum annual gross income of $70,000 or Ø Persons who have a net worth of at least $250,000 exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles. |
IMPORTANT NOTICE TO INVESTORS
This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to purchase any securities in any jurisdiction in which, or to any person to whom, it would be unlawful to do so. Investing in our units involves significant risk. Please see “RISK FACTORS” to read about important risks you should consider before purchasing units in East Coast Ethanol.
In making an investment decision, investors must rely upon their own examination of the entity creating the securities and the terms of the offering, including the merits and risks involved. Investors should not invest any funds in this offering unless they can afford to lose their entire investment. There is no public market for the resale of the units in the foreseeable future. Furthermore, state securities laws and our operating agreement place substantial restrictions on the transferability of the units. Investors should be aware that they will be required to bear the financial risks of this investment for an indefinite period of time.
During the course of the offering of the units and prior to the sale of the units, each prospective purchaser and his or her representatives, if any, are invited to ask questions of, and obtain additional information from, our representatives concerning the terms and conditions of this offering, us, our business, and other relevant matters. We will provide the requested information to the extent that we possess such information or can acquire it without unreasonable effort or expense. Prospective purchasers or representatives having questions or desiring additional information should contact us at (877) 323-3835, or at our business address: East Coast Ethanol, LLC, 1907 Thurmond Mall, Post Office Box 2226, Columbia, South Carolina 29202. Also, you may contact any of the following directors or officers directly at the phone numbers listed below:
NAME | | POSITION | | PHONE NUMBER |
Randall Dean Hudson | | Chairman/CEO & Director | | 229-425-2044 |
D. Keith Parrish | | Vice Chairman/Vice President & Director | | 919-207-2676 |
John F. Long | | Treasurer/Chief Financial Officer & Director | | 803-924-4446 |
Julius P. Thompson | | Secretary/Director | | 803-682-4902 |
Leon Dupree Hatch, Jr. | | Director | | 386-362-9785 |
Brian Howell | | Director | | 912-682-9709 |
Roy Lawrence Smith III | | Director | | 912-682-4940 |
Kenneth Dasher | | Director | | 386-364-8806 |
Carlie McLamb, Jr. | | Director | | 910-286-4398 |
Investors located in North Carolina, Virginia and Maryland may contact our registered broker dealer, Thomas Group Capital at 404-504-6050 for additional information or to answer questions.
RISK FACTORS
The purchase of units involves substantial risks and the investment is suitable only for persons with the financial capability to make and hold long-term investments not readily converted into cash. Investors must, therefore, have adequate means of providing for their current and future needs and personal contingencies. Prospective purchasers of the units should carefully consider the Risk Factors set forth below, as well as the other information appearing in this prospectus, before making any investment in the units. Investors should understand that there is a possibility that they could lose their entire investment in us.
Risks Related to East Coast Ethanol as a Development Stage Company
We have a history of losses and may never operate profitably.
From our inception through June 30, 2008, we have incurred an accumulated net loss of $2,469,302. We will continue to incur significant losses until we successfully complete construction and commence operation of the plants. There is no assurance that we will be successful in completing this offering and/or in our efforts to build and operate the ethanol plants. Even if we successfully meet all of these objectives and begin operations at the ethanol plants, there is no assurance that we will be able to operate profitably.
East Coast Ethanol has no operating history, which could result in errors in management and operations causing a reduction in the value of your investment.
We were recently formed and have no history of operations. We may not be able to manage our start-up effectively or properly staff our operations, and any failure to manage our start-up effectively could delay the commencement of operations at our plants. A delay in start-up operations is likely to further delay our ability to generate revenue and satisfy our debt obligations. We anticipate a period of significant growth, involving the construction and start-up of operations of the plants. This period of growth and the start-up of the plants are likely to be a substantial challenge to us. If we fail to manage start-up effectively, you could lose all or a substantial part of your investment.
We have little to no experience in the ethanol industry, which increases the risk of our inability to build and operate the ethanol plants.
We are presently, and are likely for some time to continue to be, dependent upon our board of directors. Most of these individuals are experienced in business generally but have very little or no experience in raising capital from the public, organizing and building ethanol plants, and governing and operating a public company. Please see “DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, PROMOTERS AND CONTROL PERSONS.” In addition, certain directors on our board are presently engaged in business and other activities which impose substantial demands on the time and attention of such directors. You should not purchase units unless you are willing to entrust all aspects of our management to our board of directors.
We expect to enter into a design-build agreement with Fagen, Inc. for each of our proposed ethanol facilities. If we are unable to enter into such agreements, or if this relationship is subsequently terminated, we could be placed at a decided competitive disadvantage.
We plan on entering into design-build agreements with Fagen, Inc. for all of our plants; however, we have yet to do so. We will be highly dependent on Fagen, Inc. and its employees; any loss of this relationship, particularly during the construction and start-up period for the plants, may prevent us from commencing operations and result in the failure of our business. The time and expense of locating new consultants and contractors would result in unforeseen expenses and delays. Unforeseen expenses and delays may reduce our ability to generate revenue and profitability and significantly damage our competitive position in the ethanol industry such that you could lose some or all of your investment.
If we fail to finalize critical agreements, such as the co-product marketing agreements and utility supply agreements, or the final agreements are unfavorable compared to what we currently anticipate, our project may fail or be harmed in ways that significantly reduce the value of your investment.
You should be aware that this prospectus makes reference to documents or agreements that are not yet final or executed, and plans that have not been implemented. In some instances such documents or agreements are not even in draft form. The definitive versions of those agreements, documents, plans or proposals may contain terms or conditions that vary significantly from the terms and conditions described. These tentative agreements, documents, plans or proposals may not materialize or, if they do materialize, may not prove to be profitable.
Our lack of business diversification could result in the devaluation of our units if our revenues from our primary products decrease.
We expect our business to solely consist of ethanol and distillers grains and any other co-product we are able to market. We do not have any other lines of business or other sources of revenue if we are unable to complete the construction and operation of the plants. Our lack of business diversification could cause you to lose all or some of your investment if we are unable to generate revenues by the production and sale of ethanol, distillers grains and other co-products since we do not expect to have any other lines of business or alternative revenue sources.
Your investment may decline in value due to decisions made by our initial board of directors and until the plants are built, your only recourse to replace these directors will be through amendment to our operating agreement.
Our operating agreement provides that the initial board of directors will serve until the first annual or special meeting of the members following commencement of substantial operations of the ethanol plants, expected in winter 2010. If our project suffers delays due to financing or construction, our initial board of directors could serve for an extended period of time. In that event, your only recourse to replace these directors would be through an amendment to our operating agreement which could be difficult to accomplish.
We may not be able to hire or retain employees capable of effectively operating the ethanol plants, which may hinder our ability to operate profitably.
We are a development stage company and we currently do not have any full-time employees. All services are being provided to us by independent contractors. If we are not able to hire or retain employees who can effectively operate the plants, our ability to generate revenue will be significantly reduced or prevented altogether such that you could lose all or a substantial portion of your investment.
Since we intend to operate and manage four ethanol plants concurrently in the Southeast United States, our management team may find it difficult to effectively control all the plants which could hurt our business.
While we plan on having offices near all our ethanol plants and assigning specific personnel to manage each plant, it is possible that senior management may find it difficult to manage, oversee and supervise all four of our plants simultaneously, which could adversely affect our performance and consequently the value of your investment. Moreover, while we anticipate being able to effectively supervise all of our ethanol plants without hiring a General Manger, Commodity Manger and a Controller for each plant, if we are mistaken in such a belief, our performance could be compromised which could reduce the value of your investment.
Our board of directors will have considerable discretion in allocating a substantial portion of the proceeds of this offering.
Our board of directors will determine how we will spend the funds raised through this offering. Our board will make decisions concerning all facets of our project, including but not limited to, the number of plants we will construct, whether we will construct each plant individually instead of all the plants concurrently and where we will construct the plants. If you are dissatisfied with our board of directors, there is no readily available means of dismissing them and you may have to postpone any replacement until the first annual meeting following substantial completion of the ethanol plants. Until that time, the only other replacement mechanism is through an amendment to our operating agreement, which could be difficult to accomplish.
Our board does not have a majority of independent directors as defined by North American Securities Administrators Association (“NASAA”) corporate governance rules.
Since our board is comprised mainly of our promoters and founders, it is not comprised of a majority of independent directors as defined by NASAA rules. Thus, our directors may take action without approval of an independent majority of directors as defined by NASAA rules. In the event such actions are influenced by the directors’ status as founders and seed capital investors rather than independent directors, the value of your investment could be reduced.
Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest
Our directors and officers have other business and management responsibilities which may cause conflicts of interest in the allocation of their time and services to our project.
Since our project is currently managed by the board of directors rather than a professional management group, the devotion of the directors’ time to the project is critical. However, all of our directors and officers have other management responsibilities and business interests apart from our project. As a result, all of our directors and officers will experience conflicts of interest in allocating their time and services between us and their other business responsibilities. In addition, conflicts of interest may arise if the directors and officers, either individually or collectively, hold a substantial percentage of the units because of their position to substantially influence our business and management.
We may have conflicting financial interests with Fagen, Inc., and ICM, Inc., which could cause Fagen, Inc. and ICM, Inc. to put their financial interests ahead of ours.
Fagen, Inc. and ICM, Inc. and their affiliates may have conflicts of interest because Fagen, Inc., ICM, Inc. and their employees or agents are involved as owners, creditors and in other capacities with other ethanol plants in the United States. We cannot require Fagen, Inc. or ICM, Inc. to devote their full time or attention to our activities. As a result, Fagen, Inc. and ICM, Inc. may have, or come to have, a conflict of interest in allocating personnel, materials and other resources to the construction of our plants.
Affiliated investors may purchase additional units and influence decisions in their favor.
We may sell units to affiliated or institutional investors and they may acquire enough units to influence the manner in which we are managed. These investors may influence our business in a manner more beneficial to themselves than to our other investors. This may reduce the value of your units, impair the liquidity of your units and/or reduce our profitability.
Risks Related to Our Financing Plan
Even if we raise the minimum amount of equity in this offering, we may not obtain the debt financing necessary to construct and operate our ethanol plants, which would result in the failure of the project and East Coast Ethanol.
Our financing plan requires a significant amount of debt financing. While we are actively investigating various lenders in this regard, we have not yet entered into any commitment with any bank, lender, governmental entity, underwriter or financial institution for debt financing. We will not release funds from escrow until we secure a written debt financing commitment sufficient to construct and operate the ethanol plants. If debt financing on acceptable terms is not available for any reason, we will be forced to abandon our business plan and return your investment from escrow plus nominal interest.
Depending on the level of equity raised in this offering, we expect to require debt financing ranging from approximately $269,875,000 to $608,050,000 (less any grants we are awarded and any tax increment financing we can procure) in senior long term debt from one or more commercial banks or other lenders. Based on current market conditions, we expect to finance the project at a debt to equity ratio of 50% debt and 50% equity. Therefore, we expect to need approximately $435,750,000 in equity in order to attract sufficient debt to complete our financing. Because the amounts of equity, tax increment financing and grant funding are not yet known, the exact amount and nature of total debt is also unknown. If we do not sell the minimum amount of units, the offering will not close. Even though we must receive a debt financing commitment as a condition of closing escrow, the agreements to obtain debt financing may not be fully negotiated when we close on escrow. Therefore, there is no assurance that such commitment will be received, or if it is received, that it will be on terms acceptable to us. If we close our debt financing, which means agreements to obtain debt financing are arranged and executed, we expect that we will be required to use the funds raised from this offering prior to receiving the debt financing funds.
Given the unfavorable credit environment, we can provide no assurances or guarantees that we will be able to obtain the requisite debt financing or that the debt financing will be on favorable terms.
The subprime mortgage lending crisis has contributed to a generally unfavorable credit environment. We can offer no assurances or guarantees that we will be able to obtain debt financing to fully capitalize this project. If we are unable to obtain debt financing, or if the debt financing is at unfavorable terms, we may be unable to begin construction of the proposed plants or they may not be as profitable as currently expected and your investment could lose value.
We intend to seek equity, mezzanine and debt financing from investors and banks located outside the United States. In the event we use international financing sources, we may have to incur additional compliance costs and it may be more difficult for you to pursue legal remedies against foreign investors or lenders.
Given that we will require approximately $871,500,000 to fully capitalize the project, we intend to seek a portion or all of the equity and debt financing from foreign investors and/or lenders. We have entered into a financial advisory agreement with Jasper Corporate Finance Limited according to which Jasper Corporate Finance Limited shall attempt to raise equity, mezzanine and debt financing for us from investors and banks located outside the United States. Please see “PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION – The Offering – Jasper Corporate Finance Limited.” We expect that we will incur additional expenses to facilitate such an international financing. In addition, it may be more difficult for you to pursue your legal remedies against foreign investors or lenders.
We will be subject to the laws of foreign countries; if we do not wholly comply with such laws, we could be subject to penalties or fines.
We expect to be subject to the laws of the countries where Jasper Corporate Finance Limited attempts to obtain debt and equity financing for us. While we intend to hire local counsel in such countries, if for any reason, we do not or are unable to comply with applicable foreign law, we may be subject to adverse legal consequences, including but not limited to penalties and fines, which could reduce the value of your investment.
If we decide to spend equity proceeds and begin plant construction before we have fulfilled all of the loan commitment conditions, signed binding loan agreements or received loan proceeds, we may be unable to close the loan and you may lose all of your investment.
If we sell the aggregate minimum number of units prior to September 26, 2009 and satisfy the other conditions of releasing funds from escrow, including our receipt of a written debt financing commitment, we may decide to begin spending the equity proceeds to begin plant construction or for other project-related expenses. If, after we begin spending equity proceeds, we are unable to close the loan, we may have to seek another debt financing source or abandon the project. If that happens, you could lose some or all of your investment.
If we successfully release funds from escrow but are unable to close our loan, we may wait to start spending the funds until we close on debt financing and may decide to hold your investment while we search for alternative debt financing sources, which means your investment will continue to be unavailable to you and may decline in value.
We must obtain a written debt financing commitment prior to releasing funds from escrow. However, a debt financing commitment does not guarantee that we will be able to successfully close the loan. If we fail to close the loan, we may choose to seek alternative debt financing sources. While we search for alternative debt financing, we may continue to hold your investment in our regular depositary institution account. Your investment will continue to be unavailable while we search for alternative debt financing and might decline in value while we search for the debt financing necessary to complete our project.
Future loan agreements with lenders may hinder our ability to operate the business by imposing restrictive loan covenants, which could delay or prohibit us from making cash distributions to our unit holders.
Our debt load necessary to implement our business plan will result in substantial debt service requirements. Our debt load and service requirements could have important consequences which could hinder our ability to operate, including our ability to:
| Ø | Incur additional indebtedness; |
| Ø | Make capital expenditures or enter into lease arrangements in excess of prescribed thresholds; |
| Ø | Make distributions to unit holders, or redeem or repurchase units; |
| Ø | Make certain types of investments; |
| Ø | Create liens on our assets; |
| Ø | Utilize the proceeds of asset sales; and |
| Ø | Merge or consolidate or dispose of all, or substantially all, of our assets. |
In the event that we are unable to pay our debt service obligations, our creditors could force us to either reduce or eliminate distributions to unit holders (even for tax purposes), or reduce or eliminate needed capital expenditures. It is possible that we could be forced to sell assets, seek to obtain additional equity capital or refinance or restructure all or a portion of our debt. In the event that we would be unable to refinance our indebtedness or raise funds through asset sales, sales of equity or otherwise, our ability to operate our plants would be greatly affected and we may be forced to liquidate.
Risks Related to the Offering
If we are unable to sell the minimum number of units, the offering will fail and your investment will be returned to you with nominal interest.
We may not be able to sell the minimum amount of units required to close on this offering. We must sell at least $253,650,000 worth of units by September 26, 2009 to close the offering. If we are unable to close the offering, your money will be returned with the nominal interest earned during the time it was in escrow. We do not expect the termination date to be later than September 26, 2009.
We are not experienced in selling securities and as of the current time no one has agreed to purchase any units that we cannot sell ourselves, which may result in the failure of this offering.
We are making this offering as a self-written best efforts offering and if we are unsuccessful in selling the minimum aggregate offering amount by September 26, 2009, we will be required to return your investment. We have no firm commitment from any prospective buyer to purchase our units and there can be no assurance that the offering will be successful. We plan to offer the units directly to investors by registering our securities in the states of Georgia, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, New York, Maryland and Virginia. We expect to hold investor meetings in each of these states. While we will use a placement agent in North Carolina, Virginia and Maryland and for foreign investors; our engagement of these placement agents is on a best efforts basis. We may also contract with other placement agents to assist us in selling securities in other states as well. Most of our directors have significant responsibilities in their primary occupations in addition to trying to raise capital. All of our directors have full-time outside employment. See “BUSINESS EXPERIENCE OF OUR DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS.”
Each of our directors involved in the sale of our units believes that he/she will be able to devote a significant portion (10-20 hours per week) of his or her time to the offering. Nonetheless, the time that our directors spend on our activities may prove insufficient to result in a successful equity offering. These individuals have no broker-dealer experience or any experience with public offerings of securities. There can be no assurance that our directors will be successful in securing investors for the offering.
Proceeds of this offering are subject to promissory notes due after the offering is closed and investors unable to pay the 90% balance on their investment may have to forfeit their 10% cash deposit and may be subject to other legal consequences.
As much as 90% of the total offering proceeds of this offering could be subject to promissory notes that may not be due until after the offering is closed. If we sell the minimum number of units by September 26, 2009, we will be able to break escrow without closing the offering. The offering will be closed upon the earlier of (i) when our board of directors decides that we will no longer accept subscriptions from potential investors and (ii) September 26, 2009. The promissory note will become due within 20 days after the subscriber’s receipt of written notice from East Coast Ethanol.
The success of our offering will depend on the investors’ ability to pay the outstanding balances on these promissory notes. If we wait to call the balance on the notes for a significant period of time after we sell the minimum, the risk of nonpayment on the notes may increase. We intend to retain the initial payment and to seek damages from any investor who defaults on the promissory note obligation. This means that if you are unable to pay the 90% balance of your investment within 20 days of our notice, you may have to forfeit your 10% cash deposit. In addition, we may pursue collection of the balance by any legal means including judgment on promissory note, recovery of costs incurred including attorneys’ fees and interest at the rate of 12% per annum from the due date. Accordingly, the success of the offering depends on the payment of these amounts by the obligors.
Investors will not be allowed to withdraw their investment, which means that you should invest only if you are willing to have your investment unavailable to you for an indefinite period of time.
Investors will not be allowed to withdraw their investments for any reason, absent a rescission offer tendered by East Coast Ethanol. We do not anticipate making a rescission offer. You should only invest in us if you are willing to have your investment be unavailable until we break escrow, which could be up to one year after the effective date of our registration statement. If we are able to close the offering, we will convert your cash investment into units of East Coast Ethanol. There are significant transfer restrictions on our units. You will not have a right to withdraw from East Coast Ethanol and demand a cash payment from us. Therefore, your investment may be unavailable to you for an indefinite period of time.
The initial investment by our promoters is lower than the amount required by NASAA, and in the event that our project is unsuccessful, losses of investors from this offering could be proportionately greater than those of our promoters.
According to NASAA’s Statement of Policy regarding Equity Investment, investments by promoters in developmental stage companies should equal ten percent of the first $1,000,000 of the aggregate public offering, seven percent of the next $500,000, five percent of the next $500,000, and two and one-half percent of the balance over $2,000,000. In our case, this would require investment by our promoters of approximately $15,860,000. Our promoters invested approximately $9,800,000 in East Coast Ethanol, LLC. Consequently, our promoters’ investment is substantially lower than the amount required by NASAA. Our promoters have lower at-risk amounts that promoters of developmental stage companies typically have and in the event our project is unsuccessful, losses of investors from this offering could be proportionally higher.
Risks Related to the Units
There has been no independent valuation of the units, which means that the units may be worth less than the purchase price.
The per unit purchase price has been determined by us without independent valuation of the units. We established the offering price based on our estimate of capital and expense requirements, not based on perceived market value, book value, or other established criteria. We did not obtain an independent appraisal opinion on the valuation of the units. The units may have a value significantly less than the offering prices and there is no guarantee that the units will ever obtain a value equal to or greater than the offering price.
No public trading market exists for our units and we do not anticipate the creation of such a market, which means that it will be difficult for you to liquidate your investment.
There is currently no established public trading market for our units and an active trading market will not develop despite this offering. To maintain partnership tax status, you may not trade the units on an established securities market or readily trade the units on a secondary market (or the substantial equivalent thereof). We do not intend to apply for listing of the units on any national securities exchange or on the NASDAQ Stock Market. As a result, you will not be able to readily sell your units.
We have placed significant restrictions on transferability of the units, limiting an investor’s ability to withdraw from the company.
The units are subject to substantial transfer restrictions pursuant to our operating agreement. In addition, transfers of the units may be restricted by state securities laws. As a result, you may not be able to liquidate your investment in the units and, therefore, may be required to assume the risks of investment in us for an indefinite period of time. See “SUMMARY OF OUR OPERATING AGREEMENT.” To help ensure that a secondary market does not develop, our operating agreement prohibits transfers without the approval of our board of directors. The board of directors will not approve transfers unless they fall within “safe harbors” contained in the publicly-traded partnership rules under the tax code, which include, without limitation, the following:
| Ø | transfers by gift to the member’s spouse or descendants; |
| Ø | transfer upon the death of a member; |
| Ø | transfers between family members; and |
| Ø | transfers that comply with the “qualifying matching services” requirements. |
Please see “PUBLICLY TRADED PARTNERSHIP RULES.”
Public investors will experience immediate and substantial dilution as a result of this offering.
Our seed capital investors paid a purchase price of $5,000 per unit, which is substantially less per unit for our membership units than the current public offering price of $15,000 per unit. Accordingly, if you purchase units in this offering, you will experience immediate and substantial dilution of your investment. Based upon the issuance and sale of the maximum number of units (39,455) at the public offering price of $15,000 per unit, you will incur immediate dilution of $1,064.20 per unit or 7.09% in the net tangible book value per unit if you purchase units in this offering. Based upon the issuance and sale of the minimum number of units (16,910) at the public offering price of $15,000 per unit, you will incur immediate dilution of $2,321.00 per unit or 15.47% in the net tangible book value per unit if you purchase units in this offering.
There is no assurance that an investor will receive cash distributions, which could result in an investor receiving little or no return on his or her investment.
Distributions are payable at the sole discretion of our board of directors, subject to the provisions of the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, our operating agreement and the requirements of our creditors. We do not know the amount of cash that we will generate, if any, once we begin operations. Cash distributions are not assured, and we may never be in a position to make distributions. See “DESCRIPTION OF MEMBERSHIP UNITS.” Our board may elect to retain future profits to provide operational financing for the plants, debt retirement and possible plant expansion or the construction of additional plants. This means that you may receive little or no return on your investment and you will be unable to liquidate your investment due to transfer restrictions and lack of a public trading market. This could result in the loss of your entire investment.
These units will be subordinate to company debts and other liabilities, resulting in a greater risk of loss for investors.
The units are unsecured equity interests and are subordinate in right of payment to all our current and future debt. In the event of our insolvency, liquidation, dissolution or other winding up of our affairs, all of our debts, including winding-up expenses, must be paid in full before any payment is made to the holders of the units. In the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation, or reorganization, all units will be paid ratably with all our other equity holders, and there is no assurance that there would be any remaining funds after the payment of all our debts for any distribution to the holders of the units. As of June 30, 2008, our most recent financial statements, East Coast Ethanol did not have any debt. We do not anticipate having any debt until we execute a debt financing loan in an amount ranging from approximately $269,875,000 to $608,050,000. Once we have executed a debt financing loan, our membership units will be subordinated in right of payment to all of East Coast Ethanol’s debt.
The presence of members holding 25% or more of the outstanding units is required to take action at a meeting of our members, which could result in members not being able to take actions which are in the best interest of the Company.
In order to take action at a meeting, a quorum of members holding at least 25% of the outstanding units must be represented in person, by proxy or by mail ballot. See “SUMMARY OF OUR OPERATING AGREEMENT.” Assuming a quorum is present, members take action by a vote of the majority of the units represented at the meeting and entitled to vote on the matter. The requirement of a 25% quorum protects the company from actions being taken when less than 25% of the members have not considered the matter being voted upon. The requirement of a 25% quorum also means that members will not be able to take actions which may be in the best interests of the Company if we cannot secure the presence in person, by proxy, or by mail ballot of members holding 25% or more of the outstanding units.
After the plants are substantially operational, our operating agreement provides for staggered terms for our elected directors, meaning the replacement of certain directors will be difficult.
The terms of our initial directors expire at the first annual meeting following substantial completion of the ethanol plants which is not expected until winter 2010. At that time, our members will elect at least four directors for staggered three-year terms. Because these directors will serve on the board for staggered terms, it will be difficult for our members to replace such directors. In that event, your only recourse to replace these directors would be through an amendment to our operating agreement, which could be difficult to accomplish.
Risks Related to Construction of the Ethanol Plants
We will depend on Fagen, Inc. and ICM, Inc. to design and build our ethanol plants and their failure to perform could force us to abandon our business, hinder our ability to operate profitably or decrease the value of your investment.
We expect to be heavily dependent upon Fagen, Inc. and ICM, Inc. to design and build the plants. We have entered into letters of intent with Fagen for three of our proposed plants. We anticipate that Fagen, Inc. will serve as our general contractor and that Fagen, Inc. will engage ICM, Inc. to provide design and engineering services. If Fagen, Inc. terminates its relationship with us after initiating construction, there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain a replacement general contractor. Any such event may force us to abandon our business.
We expect to solely rely on Fagen, Inc. and ICM, Inc. to supply all of the technology necessary for the construction of our plants and the production of fuel-grade ethanol and distillers grains and we expect they will either own this technology or obtain a license to utilize it.
We expect to be dependent upon Fagen, Inc. and/or ICM, Inc. for all of the technology used in our plants that relates to construction of the plants and the plants’ production of fuel-grade ethanol and distillers grains. We expect that Fagen, Inc. or ICM, Inc. will either own the technology or obtain a license necessary for its use. If either Fagen, Inc. or ICM, Inc. fails to provide the necessary technology, we may not be able to build our plants or successfully operate them.
Construction delays could result in devaluation of our units if our production and sale of ethanol and its co-products are delayed.
We currently expect our plants to be complete and operational by winter 2010; however, construction projects often involve delays in obtaining permits, delays due to weather conditions and other unforeseen events. Further, Fagen, Inc.’s involvement in the construction of a number of other plants while constructing our plants could cause delays in our construction schedule. Also, any changes in interest rates or the credit environment or any changes in political administrations at the federal, state or local level that result in policy changes toward ethanol or this project, could also cause construction and operation delays. If it takes longer to construct the plants than we anticipate, it would delay our ability to generate revenue and make it difficult for us to meet our debt service obligations which could reduce the value of your units.
Fagen, Inc. and ICM, Inc. may have current or future commitments to design and build other ethanol manufacturing facilities ahead of our plants and those commitments could delay construction of our plants and our ability to generate revenues.
We do not know how many ethanol plants Fagen, Inc. and ICM, Inc. have currently contracted to design and build. It is possible that Fagen, Inc. and ICM, Inc. have outstanding commitments to other facilities that may cause the construction of our plants to be delayed. We expect that Fagen, Inc. and ICM, Inc. will continue to contract with new facilities for plant construction and with currently operating facilities for expanding them. These current and future building commitments may reduce the available resources of Fagen, Inc. and ICM, Inc. to such an extent that construction of our plants is significantly delayed. If this occurs, our ability to generate revenue will also be delayed and the value of your investment will be reduced.
Defects in plant construction could result in devaluation of our units if our plants do not produce ethanol and its co-products as anticipated, or could put our plants at an increased risk for fire or an explosion.
There is no assurance that defects in materials and/or workmanship in the plants will not occur. Such defects could delay the commencement of operations of the plants, or, if such defects are discovered after operations have commenced, could cause us to halt or discontinue the plants’ operations. Halting or discontinuing plant operations could delay our ability to generate revenues and reduce the value or your units. In addition, defects in materials or workmanship could put us at an increased risk of loss due to fire or an explosion. A loss due to fire or an explosion could cause us to slow or halt production which could reduce the value of your investment.
The plant sites may have unknown environmental problems that could be expensive and time consuming to correct, which may delay or halt plant construction and delay our ability to generate revenue.
While we will examine each proposed plant site in great detail, we cannot guarantee that the plant sites will be free of any environmental problems. If there are any environmental problems related to any of our properties where our plants will be constructed, our operations could be adversely affected which could lead to a loss of your investment.
We will need to obtain numerous permits before beginning operations and failure to obtain these permits would prevent operation of the plants.
We will require numerous permits before we can commence operations of our ethanol plants. If we are unable to obtain their permits in a timely fashion or are unable to obtain them altogether, it is likely to lead to a loss of your investment. There can be no assurances that these permits will be granted to us. If these permits are not granted, then our plants may not be allowed to operate.
We will heavily rely on our project management consultant, C. Thompson & Associates (“Thompson”), to assist us in the development and management of our projects and the implementation of our business strategy and any loss of this relationship could harm our performance.
We have a project management and consulting agreement with Thompson and anticipate that it will play a very important role in the success of our projects. Thompson will be assisting us with all aspects of our project from helping us obtain the requisite permits and recruiting personnel for our plants to identifying potential lenders. Please see “PLANT SITE INFORMATION – Management Consultants – C. Thompson & Associates.” Any loss of relationship with Thompson could adversely affect our performance and could lead to a loss of your investment.
Risks Related to the Production of Ethanol
Our financial performance will critically depend on corn and natural gas prices and market prices for ethanol and distillers dried grains, and the value of your investment in us will be directly affected by changes in these market prices.
Our results of operations and financial condition will be significantly affected by the cost and supply of corn and natural gas. Changes in the price and supply of corn and natural gas are subject to and determined by market forces over which we have no control. Corn supplies, as with most other crops, can be subject to interruption or shortages caused by weather, transportation difficulties, disease and other various planting, growing or harvesting problems. A significant reduction in the quantity of corn harvested due to these factors could result in increased corn costs, which will reduce our profitability and the value of your units. Competition for corn origination may increase our costs of corn and harm our financial performance and the value of your investment. Additionally, any hedging strategies which we employ may not effectively protect us against price volatility.
We will rely on third parties for our supply of natural gas, which is consumed in the production of ethanol. The prices for and availability of natural gas are subject to volatile market conditions. These market conditions often are affected by factors beyond our control such as higher prices resulting from colder than average weather conditions, overall economic conditions and foreign and domestic governmental regulations. Significant disruptions in the supply of natural gas could impair our ability to manufacture ethanol for our customers. Furthermore, increases in natural gas prices or changes in our natural gas costs relative to natural gas costs paid by competitors may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Please see “DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS” for a discussion on natural gas prices.
Finally, our revenues will be greatly affected by the price at which we can sell our ethanol and distillers grains. These prices can be volatile as a result of a number of factors. These factors include the overall supply and demand, the price of gasoline, level of government support, and the availability and price of competing products. For instance, the price of ethanol tends to increase as the price of gasoline increases, and the price of ethanol tends to decrease as the price of gasoline decreases. Any lowering of gasoline prices will likely also lead to lower prices for ethanol, which may decrease our ethanol sales and reduce revenues, causing a reduction in the value of your investment. Similarly, a decrease in the price of distillers grains could negative impact our operations. Please see “DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS” for charts of prices of corn, ethanol and distillers grains.
We will be especially sensitive to corn prices since we will have to import corn from the Midwest and incur transportation expenses in this regard.
Since our ethanol plants are not likely to be located near an abundant supply of corn, we will have to import corn from the Midwest. Thus, our costs for procuring corn will be higher because of costs involved in transporting corn from the Midwest to our ethanol plants rendering us especially sensitive to any increase in corn prices.
Growth in the sale and distribution of ethanol is dependent on the changes in and expansion of related infrastructure which may not occur on a timely basis, if at all, and our ability to operate profitably could be adversely affected by infrastructure disruptions and your investment could lose value as a result.
Substantial development of infrastructure by persons and entities outside our control will be required for our operations and the ethanol industry generally, to grow. Areas requiring expansion include, but are not limited to:
| Ø | Expansion of refining and blending facilities to handle ethanol; |
| Ø | Growth in service stations equipped to handle ethanol fuels; |
| Ø | Growth in the fleet of flexible fuel vehicles capable of using E85 fuel; |
| Ø | Additional storage facilities for ethanol; |
| Ø | Additional rail capacity; and |
| Ø | Increase in truck fleets capable of transporting ethanol within localized markets. |
Substantial investments required for these infrastructure changes and expansions may not be made or they may not be made on a timely basis. Any delay or failure in making the changes in or expansion of infrastructure could hurt the demand or prices for our products, impede our delivery of our products, impose additional costs on us or otherwise harm our financial performance and reduce the value of your investment. Our business will depend on the continuing availability of infrastructure and any infrastructure disruptions could significantly harm our ability to generate revenues and operate profitably thereby causing your investment to lose value.
We will depend on others for sales of our products, which may place us at a competitive disadvantage and reduce profitability.
We expect to hire a third-party marketing firm to market all of the ethanol and most of the distillers grains we plan to produce. As a result, we expect to be dependent on the ethanol broker and distillers grains broker we engage. There is no assurance that we will be able to enter into contracts with any ethanol broker or distillers grains broker on terms that are favorable to us. If the ethanol or distillers grains broker breaches the contract or does not have the ability, for financial or other reasons, to market all of the ethanol or distillers grains we produce, we will not have any readily available means to sell our products. Our lack of a sales force and reliance on third parties to sell and market our products may place us at a competitive disadvantage. Our failure to sell all of our ethanol and distillers dried grains may result in less income from sales, reducing our revenue stream, which could reduce the value of your investment.
Changes and advances in ethanol production technology could require us to incur costs to update our ethanol plants or could otherwise hinder our ability to compete in the ethanol industry or operate profitably.
Advances and changes in the technology of ethanol production are expected to occur. Such advances and changes may make the ethanol production technology installed in our plants less desirable or obsolete. These advances could also allow our competitors to produce ethanol at a lower cost than us. If we are unable to adopt or incorporate technological advances, our ethanol production methods and processes could be less efficient than our competitors, which could cause our plants to become uncompetitive or completely obsolete. If our competitors develop, obtain or license technology that is superior to ours or that makes our technology obsolete, we may be required to incur significant costs to enhance or acquire new technology so that our ethanol production remains competitive. Alternatively, we may be required to seek third-party licenses, which could also result in significant expenditures. We cannot guarantee or assure you that third-party licenses will be available or, once obtained, will continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. These costs could negatively impact our financial performance by increasing our operating costs and reducing our net income, both of which could reduce the value of your investment.
Our ethanol plants will require a significant supply of water. If we are unable to obtain the water required by our plants on a cost-effective basis, our profitability could be adversely affected which could lead to the loss of your investment.
While a considerable amount of the water required in our ethanol plants can be recycled, we will require substantial amounts of fresh water. If we are unable to obtain fresh water cost-effectively because of droughts or other adverse weather conditions, our profitability could be reduced and we may even have to abandon our project, which could lead to a loss of your investment.
Risks Related to the Ethanol Industry
New ethanol plants under construction or decreases in the demand for ethanol may result in excess U.S. production capacity, causing ethanol prices to decline and the value of your investment to be reduced.
Excess capacity may also result from decreases in the demand for ethanol, which could result from a number of factors, including regulatory developments and reduced U.S. gasoline consumption. Reduced gasoline consumption could occur as a result of increased prices for gasoline or crude oil, which could cause businesses and consumers to reduce driving or acquire vehicles with more favorable gasoline mileage. There is some evidence that this has occurred in the recent past as U.S. gasoline prices have increased.
The Renewable Fuels Standard (“RFS”) which is driving ethanol demand has already been met until 2012.
The RFS is a key driver of ethanol demand; however, there is already enough ethanol being produced to meet the 2012 RFS of 7.5 billion gallons. While the newly enacted Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 has increased the RFS to 20.5 billion gallons in 2015 and 36 billion gallons in 2022, starting 2009, a substantial part of the increase in the RFS must come from advanced biofuels such as cellulosic ethanol and ethanol derived from waste materials such as crop residue and animal waste. Since we expect to produce our ethanol from corn, we anticipate that the increase in the RFS will not significantly increase the demand for our ethanol. Thus, we believe that an increase in voluntary private usage will be essential for our long-term sustainability. It is our position that unless ethanol demand from other sources increases appreciably in the upcoming years, we might be unable to sell our ethanol which would substantially reduce the value of your investment.
The ethanol industry is a feedstock limited industry. An inadequate supply of corn, our primary feedstock, could cause the price of corn to increase and threaten the viability of our plants and cause you to lose some or all of your investment.
The number of ethanol manufacturing plants either in production or in the planning or construction phases continues to increase at a rapid pace. This increase in the number of ethanol plants will affect both the supply and the demand for corn. As more plants develop and go into production there may not be an adequate supply of feedstock to satisfy the demand of the ethanol industry and the livestock industry, which uses corn in animal rations. Consequently, the price of corn may rise to the point where it threatens the viability of our project, or significantly decreases the value of your investment or threatens your investment altogether. In recent times, the price of corn has increased substantially. Please see “PLAN OF OPERATIONS UNTIL START-UP OF ETHANOL PLANTS.”
Consumer resistance to the use of ethanol based on the belief that ethanol is expensive, adds to air pollution, harms engines, reduces fuel efficiency and takes more energy to produce than it contributes may affect the demand for ethanol which could affect our ability to market our product and reduce the value of your investment.
Media reports in the popular press indicate that some consumers believe that use of ethanol will have a negative impact on gasoline prices at the pump. Many also believe that ethanol adds to air pollution and harms car and truck engines. It is also widely reported that ethanol products such as E-85 significantly reduce fuel economy and cause overall fuel costs to substantially increase. Researchers have published studies reporting that the production of ethanol actually uses more fossil energy, such as oil and natural gas, than the amount of ethanol that is produced. These consumer beliefs could potentially be widespread. If consumers choose not to buy ethanol, it would affect the demand for the ethanol we produce which could lower demand for our product and negatively affect our profitability.
Competition from the advancement of alternative fuels may lessen the demand for ethanol and negatively impact our profitability, which could reduce the value of your investment.
Alternative fuels, gasoline oxygenates and ethanol production methods are continually under development. A number of automotive, industrial and power generation manufacturers are developing alternative clean power systems using fuel cells or clean burning gaseous fuels. Like ethanol, the emerging fuel cell industry offers a technological option to address increasing worldwide energy costs, the long-term availability of petroleum reserves and environmental concerns. Fuel cells have emerged as a potential alternative to certain existing power sources because of their higher efficiency, reduced noise and lower emissions. Fuel cell industry participants are currently targeting the transportation, stationary power and portable power markets in order to decrease fuel costs, lessen dependence on crude oil and reduce harmful emissions. If the fuel cell and hydrogen industries continue to expand and gain broad acceptance, and hydrogen becomes readily available to consumers for motor vehicle use, we may not be able to compete effectively. This additional competition could reduce the demand for ethanol, which would negatively impact our profitability, causing a reduction in the value of your investment.
Corn-based ethanol may compete with cellulose-based ethanol in the future, which could make it more difficult for us to produce ethanol on a cost-effective basis and could reduce the value of your investment.
Most ethanol is currently produced from corn and other raw grains, such as milo or sorghum – especially in the Midwest. The current trend in ethanol production research is to develop an efficient method of producing ethanol from cellulose-based biomass, such as agricultural waste, forest residue, municipal solid waste, and energy crops. This trend is driven by the fact that cellulose-based biomass is generally cheaper than corn, and producing ethanol from cellulose-based biomass would create opportunities to produce ethanol in areas which are unable to grow corn. Although current technology is not sufficiently efficient to be competitive, a recent report by the U.S. Department of Energy entitled “Outlook for Biomass Ethanol Production and Demand” indicates that new conversion technologies may be developed in the future. The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 is likely to provide a substantial stimulus to the development of cellulosic ethanol. Please see “ETHANOL INDUSTRY OVERVIEW – General Ethanol Demand And Supply.” If an efficient method of producing ethanol from cellulose-based biomass is developed, we may not be able to compete effectively. We do not believe it will be cost-effective to convert the ethanol plants we are proposing into plants which will use cellulose-based biomass to produce ethanol. If we are unable to produce ethanol as cost-effectively as cellulose-based producers, our ability to generate revenue will be negatively impacted and your investment could lose value.
Competition from ethanol imported from Caribbean Basin countries and Brazil may be a less expensive alternative to our ethanol, which would cause us to lose market share and reduce the value of your investment.
Ethanol produced or processed in certain countries in Central America and the Caribbean region is eligible for tariff reduction or elimination upon importation to the United States under a program known as the Caribbean Basin Initiative. Large ethanol producers, such as Cargill, have expressed interest in building dehydration plants in participating Caribbean Basin countries, such as El Salvador, which would convert ethanol into fuel-grade ethanol for shipment to the United States. Ethanol imported from Caribbean Basin countries may be a less expensive alternative to domestically produced ethanol. Currently, international suppliers produce ethanol primarily from sugar cane and have cost structures that may be substantially lower than ours. Competition from ethanol imported from Caribbean Basin countries may affect our ability to sell our ethanol profitably, which would reduce the value of your investment.
Brazil is currently the world’s second largest producer and the largest exporter of ethanol. In Brazil, ethanol is produced primarily from sugarcane, which is also used to produce food-grade sugar. Ethanol imported from Brazil may be a less expensive alternative to domestically produced ethanol, which is primarily made from corn. Tariffs presently protecting U.S. ethanol producers may be reduced or eliminated. Competition from ethanol imported from Brazil may affect our ability to sell our ethanol profitably, which would reduce the value of your investment.
We may not be able to compete effectively in the U.S. ethanol industry, which would cause us to lose market share and reduce the value of your investment.
Waivers of the RFS minimum levels of renewable fuels included in gasoline could have a material adverse affect on the results of our contemplated operations.
Under the 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act, the President, in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Energy, may waive the renewable fuels mandate with respect to one or more states if the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), determines that implementing the requirements would severely harm the economy or the environment of a state, a region or the U.S., or that there is inadequate supply to meet the requirement. Any waiver of the RFS with respect to one or more states would adversely offset demand for ethanol and could have a material adverse effect on the results of our contemplated operations and financial condition.
There may be transportation bottlenecks in delivering the ethanol produced in our plants to the market, which could adversely affect your investment.
Because ethanol is corrosive and soaks up water and impurities, it must be transported by train, truck or barge, which is a more expensive form of transportation than the country’s fuel pipeline network. However, the transportation industry has been unable to keep pace with the surge in ethanol production and as of the present time, there is a long backlog in orders for specialized ethanol rail cars. If the costs of transportation increase substantially or if we are unable to find adequate means of transporting our ethanol, your investment likely will lose value.
The recent ‘food versus fuel debate’ may reduce demand of ethanol which could reduce our profitability.
In recent times, certain media outlets have blamed large-scale ethanol production for higher food prices. If such reports convince consumers to avoid ethanol, it would reduce the demand for our primary product and adversely affect our profitability.
Risks Related to Regulation and Governmental Action
The use and demand for ethanol and its supply are highly dependent on various federal and state legislation and regulation, and any changes in legislation or regulation could cause the demand for ethanol to decline or its supply to increase, which could harm our future operations by threatening our ability to operate profitably, which would reduce the value of your investment.
Various federal and state laws, regulations and programs impact the demand for ethanol as a fuel or fuel additive. For example, certain laws, regulations and programs provide economic incentives to ethanol producers and users. Further, tariffs generally apply to the import of ethanol from other countries. These laws, regulations and programs are constantly changing. Federal and state legislators and environmental regulators could adopt or modify laws, regulations or programs that could adversely affect the use of ethanol. The elimination or reduction of tax incentives to the ethanol industry, and the elimination or reduction of tariffs that apply to imported ethanol, could reduce the market for ethanol generally or for domestically produced ethanol. Such changes could reduce ethanol prices and negatively impact our ability to generate revenues by making it more costly or difficult to produce and sell ethanol. If the federal tax incentives are eliminated or sharply curtailed, we believe that a decreased demand for ethanol will result, which could harm our ability to operate profitably and cause your investment to lose value.
The effect of the Renewable Fuels Standard, or RFS, on the ethanol industry is uncertain.
The use of fuel oxygenates, including ethanol, was mandated through regulation, and much of the forecasted growth in demand for ethanol was expected to result from additional mandated use of oxygenates. Most of this growth was projected to occur in the next few years as the remaining markets switch from Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (“MTBE”) to ethanol. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 eliminated the mandated use of oxygenates and instead established minimum nationwide levels of renewable fuels (ethanol, biodiesel or any other liquid fuel produced from biomass or biogas) to be included in gasoline. Because biodiesel and other renewable fuels in addition to ethanol are counted toward the minimum usage requirements of the RFS and the 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act requires that biodiesel and cellulosic sources comprise 3 billion gallons in 2016, increasing to 21 billion gallons in 2022, the elimination of the oxygenate requirement for reformulated gasoline may result in a decline in ethanol consumption, which in turn could make it difficult for us to generate revenues and operate profitably which would cause your investment to lose value. The RFS program and the 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act also included provisions for trading of credits for use of renewable fuels and authorized potential reductions in the RFS minimum by action of a governmental administrator. The rules for implementation of the RFS are still under development.
The elimination or significant reduction in the federal ethanol tax incentive or the elimination or expiration of other federal or state incentive programs could make it difficult to generate revenues from ethanol sales which would harm the value of your investment.
The cost of producing ethanol has historically been significantly higher than the market price of gasoline. The production of ethanol is made significantly more competitive with regular gasoline because of federal tax incentives. Before January 1, 2005, the federal excise tax incentive program allowed gasoline distributors who blended ethanol with gasoline to receive a federal excise tax rate reduction for each blended gallon they sold. If the fuel was blended with 10% ethanol, the refiner/marketer paid $0.052 per gallon less tax, which equated to an incentive of $0.52 per gallon of ethanol. The $0.52 per gallon incentive for ethanol was reduced to $0.51 per gallon in 2005. Starting 2009, the recently enacted Heartland, Habitat, Harvest, and Horticulture Act of 2008 has reduced this tax credit to $0.45 per gallon as long as a threshold of 7.5 billion gallons of ethanol production is met. In addition, the federal ethanol tax incentives, as well as other federal and state programs benefiting ethanol (such as tariffs), generally are subject to U.S. government obligations under international trade agreements, including those under the World Trade Organization Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, and might be the subject of challenges there-under, in whole or in part. The elimination or significant reduction in the federal ethanol tax incentive or other programs benefiting ethanol could harm our ability to generate revenues thereby harming the value of your investment.
Current tariffs effectively limit imported ethanol into the U.S., and their reduction or elimination could undermine the ethanol industry in the U.S.
Imported ethanol is generally subject to a $0.54 per gallon tariff that was designed to offset the $0.51 per gallon ethanol incentive available under the federal excise tax incentive program for refineries that blend ethanol in their fuel. There is, however, a special exemption from this tariff for ethanol imported from 24 countries in Central America and the Caribbean Islands, which is limited to a total of 7% of U.S. ethanol production per year. Imports from the exempted countries may increase as a result of new plants in development. Since production costs for ethanol in these countries are significantly less than they are in the U.S., the duty-free import of ethanol through the countries exempted from the tariff may negatively affect the demand for domestic ethanol and the price at which we sell our ethanol.
We do not know the extent to which the volume of imports would increase or the effect on U.S. prices for ethanol if the tariff is not renewed beyond its current expiration date in January 2009. Any changes in the tariff or exemption from the tariff could make it difficult for us to generate revenues and operate profitably thereby harming the value of your investment.
Changes in environmental regulations or violations of the regulations could be expensive and reduce our profit and the value of your investment.
We will be subject to extensive air, water and other environmental regulations and we will need to obtain a number of environmental permits to construct and operate the plants. Moreover, it is likely that our senior debt financing will be contingent on our ability to obtain the various environmental permits that we will require. If for any reason, any of these permits are not granted, construction costs for the plants may increase, or the plants may not be constructed at all. Additionally, any changes in environmental laws and regulations, both at the federal and state level, could require us to invest or spend considerable resources in order to comply with future environmental regulations. The cost of compliance could be significant enough to reduce our profit and the value of your investment.
Risks Related to Tax Issues
EACH PROSPECTIVE MEMBER SHOULD CONSULT HIS OR HER OWN TAX ADVISOR CONCERNING THE IMPACT THAT HIS OR HER PARTICIPATION IN THE COMPANY MAY HAVE ON HIS OR HER FEDERAL INCOME TAX LIABILITY AND THE APPLICATION OF STATE AND LOCAL INCOME AND OTHER TAX LAWS TO HIS OR HER PARTICIPATION IN THIS OFFERING.
IRS classification of the company as a corporation rather than as a partnership would result in higher taxation and reduced profits, which could reduce the value of your investment in us.
We are a Delaware limited liability company that has elected to be taxed as a partnership for federal and state income tax purposes, with income, gain, loss, deduction and credit passed through to the holders of the units. However, if for any reason the IRS would successfully determine that we should be taxed as a corporation rather than as a partnership, we would be taxed on our net income at rates of up to 35 percent for federal income tax purposes, and all items of our income, gain, loss, deduction and credit would be reflected only on our tax returns and would not be passed through to the holders of the units. If we were to be taxed as a corporation for any reason, distributions we make to investors will be treated as ordinary dividend income to the extent of our earnings and profits, and the payment of dividends would not be deductible by us, thus resulting in double taxation of our earnings and profits. See “FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF OWNING OUR UNITS – Partnership Status.” If we pay taxes as a corporation, we will have less cash to distribute to our Unit holders.
The IRS may classify your investment as passive activity income, resulting in your inability to deduct losses associated with your investment.
If you are not involved in our operations on a regular, continuing and substantial basis, it is likely that the Internal Revenue Service will classify your interest in us as a passive activity. If an investor is either an individual or a closely held corporation, and if the investor’s interest is deemed to be “passive activity,” then the investor’s allocated share of any loss we incur will be deductible only against income or gains the investor has earned from other passive activities. Passive activity losses that are disallowed in any taxable year are suspended and may be carried forward and used as an offset against passive activity income in future years. These rules could restrict an investor’s ability to currently deduct any of our losses that are passed through to such investor.
Income allocations assigned to an investor’s units may result in taxable income in excess of cash distributions, which means you may have to pay income tax on your investment with personal funds.
Investors will pay tax on their allocated shares of our taxable income. An investor may receive allocations of taxable income that result in a tax liability that is in excess of any cash distributions we may make to the investor. Among other things, this result might occur due to accounting methodology, lending covenants that restrict our ability to pay cash distributions or our decision to retain the cash generated by the business to fund our operating activities and obligations. Accordingly, investors may be required to pay some or all of the income tax on their allocated shares of our taxable income with personal funds.
An IRS audit could result in adjustments to our allocations of income, gain, loss and deduction causing additional tax liability to our members.
The IRS may audit our income tax returns and may challenge positions taken for tax purposes and allocations of income, gain, loss and deduction to investors. If the IRS were successful in challenging our allocations in a manner that reduces loss or increases income allocable to investors, you may have additional tax liabilities. In addition, such an audit could lead to separate audits of an investor’s tax returns, especially if adjustments are required, which could result in adjustments on your tax returns. Any of these events could result in additional tax liabilities, penalties and interest to you, and the cost of filing amended tax returns.
Before making any decision to invest in us, investors should read this entire prospectus, including all of its exhibits, and consult with their own investment, legal, tax and other professional advisors to determine how ownership of our units will affect your personal investment, legal, and tax situation.
INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA
We obtained the industry, market and competitive position data used throughout this prospectus from our own research, internal surveys and studies conducted by third parties, independent industry associations or general publications and other publicly available information. In particular, we have based much of our discussion of the ethanol industry, including government regulation relevant to the industry and forecasted growth in demand, on information published by the Renewable Fuels Association, the national trade association for the U.S. ethanol industry. Forecasts are particularly likely to be inaccurate, especially over long periods of time.
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
Throughout this prospectus, we make “forward-looking statements” that involve future events, our future performance, and our expected future operations and actions. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “may,” “should,” “plan,” “future,” “intend,” “could,” “estimate,” “predict,” “hope,” “potential,” “continue,” “believe,” “expect” or “anticipate” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. The forward-looking statements are generally located in the material set forth under the headings “MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS AND PLAN OF OPERATIONS,” “PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION,” “RISK FACTORS,” “USE OF PROCEEDS,” and “DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS,” but may be found in other locations as well. These forward-looking statements generally relate to our plans and objectives for future operations and are based upon management’s reasonable estimates of future results or trends. Although we believe that our plans and objectives reflected in or suggested by such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we may not achieve such plans or objectives. Any forward-looking statements are not guarantees of our future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results, developments and business decisions to differ materially from those contemplated by any forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ from projected results due to, but not limited to, unforeseen developments, including developments relating to the following:
| Ø | The availability and adequacy of debt financing to complete capitalization of the project; |
| Ø | The availability and adequacy of our cash flow to meet its requirements, including payment of loans; |
| Ø | Economic, competitive, demographic, business and other conditions in our local and regional markets; |
| Ø | Changes or developments in laws, regulations or taxes in the ethanol, agricultural or energy industries; |
| Ø | Actions taken or not taken by third-parties, including our suppliers and competitors, as well as legislative, regulatory, judicial and other governmental authorities; |
| Ø | Overcapacity and competition in the ethanol industry; |
| Ø | Availability and costs of products and raw materials, particularly corn and natural gas; |
| Ø | Fluctuations in petroleum and ethanol prices; |
| Ø | Changes and advances in ethanol production technology; |
| Ø | The loss of licenses or permits; |
| Ø | The loss of our plants due to casualty, weather, mechanical failure or any extended or extraordinary maintenance or inspection that may be required; |
| Ø | Changes in our business strategy, capital improvements or development plans; |
| Ø | The availability of additional capital to support capital improvements and development; and |
| Ø | Other factors discussed under the section entitled “RISK FACTORS” or elsewhere in this prospectus. |
You should read this prospectus completely and with the understanding that actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus have been compiled as of the date of this prospectus and should be evaluated with consideration of any changes occurring after the date of this prospectus. Except as required under federal securities laws and Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules and regulations, we will not update forward-looking statements even though our situation may change in the future.
DETERMINATION OF OFFERING PRICE
There is no established market for our units. We established the offering price without an independent valuation of the units. We established the offering price based on our estimate of capital and expense requirements, not based on perceived market value, book value, or other established criteria. In considering our capitalization requirements, we determined the minimum and maximum aggregate offering amounts based upon our cost of capital analysis and debt to equity ratios generally acceptable in the industry. In determining the offering price per unit we considered the additional administrative expense which would likely result from a lower offering price per unit, such as the cost of increased unit trading. We also considered the dilution impact of our recent private placement exchange offering to our seed capital investors where units were priced at an average price of $5,000 per unit, in determining an appropriate public offering price per unit. The units may have a value significantly less than the offering price and there is no guarantee that the units will ever obtain a value equal to or greater than the offering price.
DILUTION
If you invest in our units, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the public offering price per unit of our member units and the as-adjusted net tangible book value per share of our member units after this offering. For purposes of the dilution computation and the following tables, we have allocated the full purchase price per unit to the shares of member units included in this offering. Our net tangible book value as of June 30, 2008 (unaudited) was $5,387,078, or a positive $2,471.14 per unit, without giving effect to any changes in the net tangible book value after June 30, 2008 (unaudited) other than the sale of a minimum of 16,910 units and a maximum 39,455 units in this offering at the assumed initial public offering price of $15,000 per unit. Our pro forma as-adjusted net tangible book value as of June 30, 2008 (unaudited) with the sale of a minimum of 16,910 units was $242,042,078, or $12,679.00 per unit of outstanding units. Our pro forma as-adjusted net tangible book value as of June 30, 2008 (unaudited) with the sale of a maximum of 39,455 units was $580,217,078 or $13,935.80 per unit of outstanding units. Dilution in net tangible book value per unit represents the difference between the amount per unit paid by the purchasers of our units in this offering and the net tangible book value per unit of our member units immediately afterwards. With the sale of a minimum of 16,910 units, this represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $10,207.86 per unit (calculated by subtracting the net tangible book value per unit before this offering from the net tangible book value per unit after this offering) or 413.08% to existing members and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of $2,321.00 per unit or 15.47% to the new investors who purchase units in this offering. With the sale of a maximum 39,455 units, this represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $11,464.66 per unit (calculated similarly by subtracting the net tangible book value per unit before this offering from the net tangible book value per unit after this offering) or 463.94% to existing members and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of $1,064.20 per unit or 7.09% to the new investors who purchase units in this offering. The following tables illustrate this per unit dilution:
Minimum Units Sold
Assumed initial public offering price | | | | | $ | 15,000.00 | |
Net tangible book value per unit before this offering | | $ | 2,471.14 | | | | |
Increase in net tangible book value per unit attributable to new investors | | $ | 10,207.86 | | | | |
As adjusted net tangible book value per unit after this offering | | | | | $ | 12,679.00 | |
Dilution in net tangible book value per unit to new investors | | | | | $ | 2,321.00 | |
Maximum Units Sold
Assumed initial public offering price | | | | | $ | 15,000.00 | |
Net tangible book value per unit before this offering | | $ | 2,471.14 | | | | |
Increase in net tangible book value per unit attributable to new investors | | $ | 11,464.66 | | | | |
As adjusted net tangible book value per unit after this offering | | | | | $ | 13,935.80 | |
Dilution in net tangible book value per unit to new investors | | | | | $ | 1,064.20 | |
The following table summarizes as of June 30, 2008 the differences between the existing members and the new investors with respect to the minimum and maximum number of member units purchased, the total consideration paid, and the average price per unit paid:
| | Units Purchased Minimum | | Units Purchased Maximum | | Total Consideration Minimum | | Total Consideration Maximum | | Average Price per Unit | | Average Price per Unit | |
| | Number | | Percent | | Number | | Percent | | Amount | | Percent | | Amount | | Percent | | Minimum | | Maximum | |
Existing members | | | 2,180 | | | 11.42 | % | | 2,180 | | | 5.24 | % | $ | 8,603,662 | | | 3.28 | % | $ | 8,603,662 | | | 1.43 | % | $ | 3,946.63 | | $ | 3,946.63 | |
New investors | | | 16,910 | | | 88.58 | % | | 39,455 | | | 94.76 | % | | 253,650,000 | | | 96.72 | % | | 591,825,000 | | | 98.57 | % | | 15,000.00 | | | 15,000.00 | |
Total | | | 19,090 | | | 100.00 | % | | 41,635 | | | 100.00 | % | | 262,253,662 | | | 100.00 | % | $ | 600,428,662 | | | 100.00 | % | $ | 13,737.75 | | $ | 14,421.25 | |
We may seek additional equity financing in the future, which may cause additional dilution to investors in this offering, and a reduction in their equity interest. The holders of the units purchased in this offering will have no preemptive rights on any units to be issued by us in the future in connection with any such additional equity financing. We could be required to issue warrants to purchase units to a lender in connection with our debt financing. If we sell additional units or warrants to purchase additional units, the sale or exercise price could be higher or lower than what investors are paying in this offering.
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our capitalization as of December 31, 2007 derived from our audited consolidated financial statements found elsewhere in this prospectus. The table also sets forth our capitalization as of June 30, 2008 derived from our unaudited financial statements found elsewhere in this prospectus on an actual basis and on a pro forma as adjusted basis giving effect to the sale of a minimum of 16,910 units and a maximum of 39,455 units in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $15,000 per unit.
The following tables should be considered in conjunction with our financial statements included in this prospectus.
| | Minimum Units Sold | |
| | June 30, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 | |
| | Pro Forma as | | | | | |
| | adjusted | | Actual (unaudited) | | Actual (audited) | |
MEMBERS' DEFICIT | | | | | | | | | | |
Long term debt | | $ | 608,050,000 | | $ | - | | $ | - | |
Member units, 2,180 units actual authorized, issued, and outstanding and 19,090 pro forma units as adjusted December 31, 2007; 158 units actual, issued, and outstanding December 31, 2006 | | | | | | 8,603,662 | | | 8,603,662 | |
Member subscriptions receivable | | | - | | | - | | | - | |
Accumulated deficit | | | (2,469,302 | ) | | (2,469,302 | ) | | (1,384,046 | ) |
Net book value | | $ | 850,839,360 | | $ | 6,134,360 | | $ | 7,219,616 | |
Note: | The pro forma units as adjusted is calculated as the sum of the current units of 2,180 plus the pro forma issuance of 16,910 units. |
Note: | The pro forma member units amount is calculated as additional units issued at $15,000, reduced by pro forma equity offering costs of $16,995,000 plus the actual member contributions as of June 30, 2008. |
| | Maximum Units Sold | |
| | June 30, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 | |
| | adjusted | | Actual (unaudited) | | Actual (audited) | |
MEMBERS' DEFICIT | | | | | | | | | | |
Long term debt | | $ | 269,875,000 | | $ | - | | $ | - | |
Member units, 2,180 units actual authorized, issued, and outstanding and 41,635 pro forma units as adjusted December 31, 2007; 158 units actual, issued, and outstanding December 31, 2006 | | | 583,433,662 | | | 8,603,662 | | | 8,603,662 | |
Accumulated deficit | | | (2,469,302 | ) | | (2,469,302 | ) | | (1,384,046 | ) |
Net book value | | $ | 850,839,360 | | $ | 6,134,360 | | $ | 7,219,616 | |
Note: | The pro forma units as adjusted is calculated as the sum of the current units of 2,180 plus the pro forma issuance of 39,455 units. |
Note: | The pro forma member units amount is calculated as additional units issued at $15,000, reduced by pro forma equity offering costs of $16,995,000 plus the actual member contributions as of June 30, 2008. |
Since we believe that capitalization of the project may occur by means of a debt to equity ratio of 50% debt and 50% equity, the following table summarizes important information about such a financing arrangement:
| | Debt 50% and Equity 50% | |
| | June 30, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 | |
| | adjusted | | Actual (unaudited) | | Actual (audited) | |
MEMBERS' DEFICIT | | | | | | | | | | |
Long term debt | | $ | 425,950,000 | | $ | - | | $ | - | |
Member units, 2,180 units actual authorized, issued, and outstanding and 31,230 pro forma units as adjusted December 31, 2007; 158 units actual, issued, and outstanding December 31, 2006 | | | 427,358,662 | | | 8,603,662 | | | 8,603,662 | |
Accumulated deficit | | | (2,469,302 | ) | | (2,469,302 | ) | | (1,384,046 | ) |
Net book value | | $ | 850,839,360 | | $ | 6,134,360 | | $ | 7,219,616 | |
| Note: | The pro forma units as adjusted is calculated as the sum of the current units of 2,180 plus the pro forma issuance of 29,050 units. |
| Note: | The pro forma member units amount is calculated as additional units issued at $15,000, reduced by pro forma equity offering costs of $16,995,000 plus the actual member contributions as of June 30, 2008. |
| Note: | This pro forma information assumes 50% of the total sources of funds ($871,500,000) comes from debt and the remaining amount from existing equity and new member equity units issued. |
In order to fully capitalize the project, we will also need to obtain debt financing ranging from approximately $269,875,000 to $608,050,000 depending on the amount raised in this offering and less any grants we are awarded and any bond financing we can obtain. Our estimated long-term debt requirements are based upon our anticipated equity investments, preliminary discussions with lenders and our independent research regarding capitalization requirements for ethanol plants of similar size.
The units we issued as part of the merger were exempt from registration as a private placement and the consideration received in exchange for the issuance of the units has been and will continue to be applied to our working capital and other development and organizational purposes.
With respect to the exemption from registration of issuance of our units claimed under Rule 506 and Section 4(2) of the Securities Act, neither we, nor any person acting on our behalf offered or sold the securities by means of any form of general solicitation or advertising. Prior to making any offer or sale, we had reasonable grounds to believe and believed that each prospective investor was capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the investment and were able to bear the economic risk of the investment. Each purchaser represented in writing that the purchaser was an accredited investor or, if the purchaser was not an accredited investor, led us to reasonably believe that he or she, either alone or with his or her purchaser representative, had such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters that he or she was capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the investment. Each purchaser represented in writing that the securities were being acquired for investment for such purchaser’s own account. Each purchaser also agreed that the securities would not be sold without registration under the Securities Act or exemption from the Securities Act. Each purchaser further agreed that a legend was placed on each certificate evidencing the securities stating the securities have not been registered under the Securities Act and setting forth restrictions on their transferability.
DISTRIBUTION POLICY
We have not declared or paid any distributions on the units. We do not expect to generate revenues until the proposed ethanol plants are operational, which is expected to occur approximately 18 to 24 months after construction commences. After operation of the proposed ethanol plants begin, it is anticipated, subject to any loan covenants or restrictions with any senior and term lenders that we will distribute “net cash flow” to our members in proportion to the units that each member holds relative to the total number of units outstanding. “Net cash flow,” means our gross cash proceeds less any portion, as determined by the board of directors in their sole discretion, used to pay or establish reserves for operating expenses, debt payments, capital improvements, replacements and contingencies. However, there can be no assurance that we will ever be able to pay any distributions to the unit holders, including you. Additionally, our lenders may further restrict our ability to make distributions during the initial period of the term debt.
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
For financial reporting purposes, one of the predecessor entities involved in the merger, Palmetto Agri-Fuels, LLC, is treated as the acquirer of the other three entities, Atlantic Ethanol, LLC, Florida Ethanol, LLC and Mid-Atlantic Ethanol, LLC. Therefore, East Coast Ethanol, LLC is previously known as Palmetto Agri-Fuels, LLC for financial reporting purposes. As such, the financial statements of East Coast Ethanol, LLC reflect the operations of Palmetto Agri-Fuels, LC from its inception (August 4, 2006) to date and the operations of the acquired entities from September 6, 2007 to date. The following tables summarize important financial information from our December 31, 2006 audited financial statements. You should read this table in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Income Statement Data | | From Inception (August 4, 2006) to December 31, 2006 | |
Revenues | | $ | — | |
Operating Expenses | | | | |
Organizational Expenses | | | 42, 743 | |
Start-Up Expenses | | | 126,409 | |
General and administrative Expenses | | | 142 | |
Total Operating Loss | | $ | 169,294 | |
Other Income | | | | |
Interest Income | | | 6,459 | |
Net Loss | | $ | (162,835 | ) |
Net Loss Per Unit | | $ | (1,266 | ) |
Balance Sheet Data | | December 31, 2006 | |
Assets: | | | | |
Cash | | | 639,355 | |
Total Current Assets | | $ | 639,355 | |
Other Assets | | | — | |
Total Assets | | $ | 639,355 | |
| | | | |
Liabilities and members’ equity: | | | | |
Current Liabilities | | | | |
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses | | | 22,190 | |
Total Current liabilities | | $ | 22,190 | |
Members’ Equity | | | | |
Members’ Equity | | | 780,000 | |
Loss accumulated during Development Stage | | | 162,835 | |
Total Members’ Equity | | $ | 617,165 | |
Total Liabilities and Members’ Equity | | $ | 639,355 | |
Total Number of Units Authorized, Issued and Outstanding | | | 158 | |
The following tables summarize important financial information from our December 31, 2007 audited financial statements. You should read this table in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Income Statement Data | | For the twelve months months ended December 31, 2007 | |
Revenues | | $ | — | |
Operating Expenses | | | | |
Organizational Expenses | | | 566,133 | |
Start-Up Expenses | | | 306,835 | |
General and Administrative Expenses | | | 489,348 | |
Total Operating Loss | | $ | (1,362,316 | ) |
Other Income | | | | |
Interest Income | | | 141,144 | |
Less Interest Expense | | | 39 | |
Net Loss | | $ | (1,221,211 | ) |
Net Loss Per Unit | | $ | (1,327 | ) |
Balance Sheet Data | | December 31, 2007 | |
Assets: | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 6,673,680 | |
Total Current Assets | | $ | 6,673,680 | |
Property and Equipment | | | | |
Office furniture and equipment | | | 28,264 | |
Less Accumulated Depreciation | | | (2,485 | ) |
Deferred Offering Costs | | | 125,285 | |
Other Assets | | $ | 639,967 | |
Total Assets | | $ | 7,464,711 | |
| | | | |
Liabilities and members’ equity: | | | | |
Current Liabilities | | | | |
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses | | | 245,095 | |
Total Current liabilities | | $ | 245,095 | |
Members’ Equity | | | | |
Members’ Equity | | | 8,603,662 | |
Loss Accumulated during Development Stage | | | (1,384,046 | ) |
Total Members’ Equity | | $ | 7,219,616 | |
Total Liabilities and Members’ Equity | | $ | 7,464,711 | |
Total Number of Units Authorized, Issued and Outstanding | | | 2,180 | |
The following tables summarize important financial information from our June 30, 2008 unaudited financial statements. You should read this table in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Income Statement Data | | Six Months ended June 30, 2008 | |
Revenues | | $ | — | |
Operating Expenses | | | | |
Organizational Expenses | | | 235,369 | |
Start-Up Expenses | | | — | |
General and administrative Expenses | | | 923,153 | |
Total Operating Loss | | | | |
Other Income | | | | |
Interest Income | | | 73,266 | |
Net Loss | | $ | (1,085,256 | ) |
Net Loss Per Unit | | $ | (498 | ) |
Balance Sheet Data | | June 30, 2008 | |
Assets: | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 3,992,583 | |
Interest Receivable | | | 7,180 | |
Recieveables – other | | | 5,351 | |
Total Current Assets | | $ | 4,005,114 | |
Investments | | | 100,000 | |
Property and Equipment | | | | |
Construction in progress | | | 273,830 | |
Office furniture and equipment | | | 41,168 | |
Less Accumulated Depreciation | | | (8,426 | ) |
Deferred Offering Costs | | | 747,282 | |
Deposits and Other Assets | | | 1,370,349 | |
Total Assets | | $ | 6,529,317 | |
| | | | |
Liabilities and members’ equity: | | | | |
Current Liabilities | | | | |
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses | | | 394,957 | |
Total Current liabilities | | $ | 394,957 | |
Members’ Equity | | | | |
Members’ Equity | | | 8,603,662 | |
Loss Accumulated during Development Stage | | | (2,469,302 | ) |
Total Members’ Equity | | $ | 6,134,360 | |
Total Liabilities and Members’ Equity | | $ | 6,529,317 | |
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OR PLAN OF OPERATION
OVERVIEW
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual events or results may differ materially from those indicated in such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are only our predictions and involve numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to the risk factors described in this prospectus.
We are a development stage Delaware limited liability company formed on July 27, 2007, for the purpose of developing and constructing four 110 million gallon per year ethanol plants expected to be located in Southeast United States. We were formed to facilitate the merger of four limited liability companies, Atlantic Ethanol, LLC; Mid-Atlantic Ethanol, LLC; Palmetto-Agri Fuels LLC and Florida Ethanol LLC, each of which was developing an ethanol plant with a nameplate production capacity of 110 million gallons per year. Based upon engineering specifications produced by Fagen, Inc., we expect the plants in the aggregate to annually consume approximately 176 million bushels of corn each year and annually produce approximately 480 million gallons of fuel grade ethanol and approximately 1,540,000 tons of distiller grains. We currently estimate that it will take approximately 18 to 24 months after construction commences to complete construction of the four plants.
We do not expect to generate any revenue until the plants are completely constructed and operational. For more information about our potential plant sites, please refer to “DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS.” Our board of directors reserves the right to change the location of the plant sites and our capitalization and construction strategy in their sole discretion, for any reason. Thus, our board may decide to finance and construct each plant individually rather than all four plants simultaneously.
OUR FINANCING PLAN
We estimate the total project to build all four plants will cost approximately $871,500,000. We expect that the design and construction of the plants will cost approximately $584,800,000, with additional start-up and development costs of approximately $286,700,000. This is a preliminary estimate based primarily upon the experience of our anticipated general contractor, Fagen, Inc. with other plants it has built. We expect our estimate to change as we continue to develop the project. We expect to capitalize our project using a combination of equity and debt to supplement our seed capital proceeds. We raised $9,800,000 of seed capital equity to fund our development, organizational and offering expenses.
While we have set our minimum offering amount at 30% of the total project cost, we currently expect to need at least 50% of the estimated total project cost in equity in order to attract sufficient debt to complete our financing. Thus, based on current market conditions, we expect to finance the project at an equity to debt ratio of 50% equity and 50% debt. Depending on the level of equity raised in this offering, we will need to obtain debt financing ranging from approximately $269,875,000 to $608,050,000 in order to supplement our seed capital proceeds of $9,800,000 and fully capitalize the project. We do not currently have a debt commitment from any financial institution or other lender for our debt financing. We have started identifying and interviewing potential lenders; however, we have not signed any commitment for debt financing. For the anticipated use of our equity and debt proceeds, please see “ESTIMATED USE OF PROCEEDS.”
PLAN OF OPERATIONS UNTIL START-UP OF ETHANOL PLANTS
We expect to spend at least the next 12 months focused on three primary activities:
| Ø | site acquisition and development; and |
Assuming the successful completion of this offering and the related debt financing, we expect to have sufficient cash on hand to cover all costs associated with construction of the project, including, but not limited to, site acquisition and development, utilities, construction and equipment acquisition. In addition, we expect our seed capital proceeds to supply us with enough cash to cover our costs through at least the end of 2008, including staffing, office costs, audit, legal, compliance and staff training; however, we may have to seek debt to supplement our seed capital if financing takes longer than anticipated.
PROJECT CAPITALIZATION
We will not close the offering until we have raised the minimum offering amount of $253,650,000. We have until September 26, 2009 to sell the minimum number of units required to raise the minimum offering amount. If we sell the minimum number of units prior to September 26, 2009, we may decide to continue selling units until we sell the maximum number of units or September 26, 2009, whichever occurs first. Based on current market conditions, we expect to finance the project at a debt to equity ratio of 50% equity and 50% debt. Therefore, we expect to need approximately 50% of the total project cost ($435,750,000) in equity in order to attract sufficient debt and complete our financing. Even if we successfully close the offering by selling at least the minimum number of units by September 26, 2009, we will not release the offering proceeds from escrow until the cash proceeds in escrow equal $253,650,000 or more and we secure a written debt financing commitment for debt financing ranging from a minimum of $269,875,000 to $608,050,000 depending on the level of equity raised in this offering and any grant funding we may receive. We estimated the range of debt financing we will need by subtracting the minimum and maximum amount of equity in this offering and the $9,800,000 contributed by our founders and seed capital investors from the estimated total project cost of $871,500,000.
We have not yet obtained any commitments for equity or debt financing. We have started identifying and interviewing potential lenders; however, we have not signed any commitment or contract for debt financing. Completion of the project relies entirely on our ability to attract these loans and close on this offering. A debt financing commitment only obligates the lender to lend us the debt financing that we need if we satisfy all the conditions of the commitment. These conditions may include, among others, the total cost of the project being within a specified amount, the receipt of engineering and construction contracts acceptable to the lender, evidence of the issuance of all permits, acceptable insurance coverage and title commitment, the contribution of a specified amount of equity and attorney opinions. At this time, we do not know what business and financial conditions will be imposed on us. We may not satisfy the loan commitment conditions before closing, or at all. If this occurs we may:
| Ø | commence construction of the plants using all or a part of the equity funds raised while we seek another debt financing source; |
| Ø | transfer funds from escrow into our depositary financial institution account while we seek another debt financing source; or |
| Ø | return the equity funds, if any, to investors with accrued interest, after deducting the currently indeterminate expenses of operating our business or partially constructing the plants before we return the funds. |
While the foregoing alternatives may be available, we do not expect to begin substantial plant construction activity before satisfying the loan commitment conditions or closing the loan transaction because it is very likely that Fagen, Inc. will not begin any substantial plant construction and any lending institution will prohibit substantial plant construction activity until satisfaction of loan commitment conditions or loan closing. However, in the unlikely event that the loan commitment and Fagen, Inc. permit us to spend equity proceeds prior to closing the loan and obtaining loan proceeds, we may decide to spend equity proceeds on project development expenses, such as securing critical operating contracts or paying construction costs such as site development expenses. If we decide to proceed in that manner, we expect the minimum aggregate offering amount would satisfy our cash requirements for approximately three to four months and the maximum aggregate offering amount would satisfy our cash requirements for approximately six to seven months. We expect that proceeding with plant construction prior to satisfaction of the loan commitment conditions or closing the loan transaction could cause us to abandon the project or terminate operations. As a result, you could lose all or part of your investment.
SITE ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT
During and after the offering, we expect to continue working principally on the preliminary design and development of our proposed ethanol plants, the acquisition and development of plant sites in Wayne County, Georgia; Jackson County, Florida; Chester County, South Carolina; and Northampton County, North Carolina; obtaining the necessary construction permits, identifying potential sources of debt financing and negotiating the corn supply, ethanol and co-product marketing, utility and other contracts. We plan to fund these activities and initiatives using the $9,800,000 of seed capital we raised. We believe that our existing funds will permit us to continue our preliminary activities through at least the end of 2008. If we are unable to close on this offering by that time or early 2009 or otherwise obtain other funds, we may need to delay or abandon operations.
PLANT CONSTRUCTION AND START-UP OF PLANT OPERATIONS
We expect to complete construction of the proposed plants and commence operations approximately 18 to 24 months after construction commences. Our work will include completion of the final design and development of the plants. We also plan to negotiate and execute finalized contracts concerning the construction of the plants, provision of necessary electricity, natural gas and other power sources, grain origination agreements and marketing agreements for ethanol and co-products. Assuming the successful completion of this offering and our obtaining the necessary debt financing, we expect to have sufficient cash on hand to cover construction and related start-up costs necessary to make the plants operational.
Letters of Intent with Fagen, Inc.
We have entered into three substantially similar letters of intent, and anticipate entering into three definitive design-build agreements with Fagen, Inc. (“Fagen”) in connection with the design, construction and operation of three of our proposed plants. Once we have preformed adequate site due diligence on our fourth plant location, (Northampton County, North Carolina) we expect to secure a letter of intent with Fagen, Inc. for it. Fagen was co-founded by Ron Fagen, CEO and President, and originally began in 1972, as Fagen-Pulsifer Building, Inc. It became Fagen in 1988. Fagen has more than 25 years experience in the ethanol industry. Fagen continues to design and construct ethanol plants around the country. Fagen also has knowledge and support to assist our management team in executing a successful start-up. Fagen is a meaningful project participant because of its anticipated obligation to facilitate our project’s successful transition from start-up to day-to-day profitable operation.
Based on the letters of intent for our three facilities, we expect to pay Fagen $146,200,000 for the construction of each of our three plants, which we believe is reasonable in light of Fagen’s expertise in the design and construction of ethanol production facilities and the level of current demand for its services. We anticipate being responsible for certain site improvements, infrastructure, utilities, permitting and maintenance and power equipment costs. In addition to constructing the plants, we expect that Fagen will provide us with assistance in obtaining the requisite permits and licenses. All of the letters of intent terminate on February 1, 2009 at either our or Fagen’s option if the design-build agreements have not been executed by such time. Fagen will utilize certain proprietary property and information of ICM, Inc. in constructing the plants. ICM, Inc. is a full-service engineering, manufacturing and merchandising firm based in Colwich, Kansas. We expect that the design-build agreement we intend to sign with Fagen will include a license agreement with ICM. We have not yet executed any design-build agreement or license agreement and cannot state with any certainty the anticipated terms and conditions of these agreements.
FUTURE PLANS TO DEVELOP OR PARTICIPATE IN OTHER ETHANOL MANUFACTURING FACILITIES OR ETHANOL MARKETING VENTURES
In the future, we may pursue opportunities to develop or invest in other ethanol manufacturing facilities or pursue ethanol marketing activities. We do not have any agreement or arrangement concerning any other ethanol manufacturing project or ethanol marketing venture at this time. We will continue to monitor and evaluate these opportunities as they present themselves to determine if participation in any other ethanol manufacturing project or ethanol marketing venture is in our best interest.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Since our inception, we have issued 2,180 membership units to our seed capital investors as part of the merger of Florida Ethanol, LLC, Atlantic Ethanol, LLC, Mid Atlantic Ethanol, LLC and Palmetto Agri-Fuels, LLC. The members of these companies exchanged their membership units in their respective companies for East Coast Ethanol units at an exchange price of $5,000 per East Coast Ethanol unit. We received total consideration of $10,900,000 in the merger including $9,800,000 in equity proceeds. We expect these proceeds to provide us with sufficient liquidity to fund the developmental, organizational and financing activities necessary to advance our project through at least the end of this year. If we are unable to close on this offering by such time or early 2009 or otherwise obtain other funds, we may need to delay or abandon operations. All of the proceeds received in the merger constituted immediate at-risk capital at the time of the merger.
As of our quarter ended, June 30, 2008, we had total assets of $6,529,317, consisting primarily of cash. As of June 30, 2008, we had current liabilities of $394,957 consisting of accounts payable. Total members’ equity as of June 30, 2008 was $6,134,360 taking into account the accumulated deficit. Since our inception, we have generated no revenue from operations. From our inception through June 30, 2008, we have incurred an accumulated net loss of $2,469,302.
Capitalization Plan
Based on our business plan and current construction cost estimates, we believe the total project will cost approximately $871,500,000. Our capitalization plan consists of a combination of equity, including our previous seed capital, debt financing, bond financing and government grants.
Equity Financing
We are seeking to raise a minimum of $253,650,000 and a maximum of $591,825,000 of equity in this offering.
Based on current market conditions, we expect to finance the project at an equity to debt ratio of 50% equity and 50% debt.
Debt and Bond Financing
Depending on the level of equity raised in this offering, the amount of any grants awarded to us, and the amount of bond financing able to be procured, we expect to require debt financing ranging from approximately a minimum of $269,875,000 to $608,050,000. We hope to attract senior debt financing from a major bank (with participating loans from other banks) and/or bond financing to construct the proposed ethanol plants. We expect the senior debt financing will be secured by all of our real and personal property, including receivables and inventories. We plan to pay near prime rate on this loan, plus annual fees for maintenance and observation of the loan by the lender; however, there is no assurance that we will be able to obtain the senior debt financing or that adequate debt financing will be available on the terms we currently anticipate. Our senior debt financing may also include bond financing issued through a governmental entity or bonds guaranteed by a governmental agency. We do not have any contracts or commitments with any governmental entity or underwriter for bond financing and there is no assurance that we will be able to secure bond financing as part of the senior debt financing for the project. If we are unable to obtain senior debt in an amount necessary to fully capitalize the project, we may have to seek subordinated debt financing which would increase the cost of debt and could require us to issue warrants. The increased cost of the subordinated debt financing could reduce the value of our units.
We do not have contracts or commitments with any bank, lender, underwriter, governmental entity or financial institution for debt financing. We have started identifying and interviewing potential lenders; however, we have not signed any commitment or contract for debt financing. Completion of the project relies entirely on our ability to attract these loans and close on this offering.
Grants and Government Programs
We plan to apply for grants from the United States Department of Agriculture and other sources. Although we may apply under several programs simultaneously and may be awarded grants or other benefits from more than one program, it must be noted that some combinations of programs are mutually exclusive. Under some state and federal programs, awards are not made to applicants in cases where construction on the project has started prior to the award date. There is no guarantee that applications will result in awards of grants or loans.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
Management uses estimates and assumptions in preparing our financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported revenues and expenses. Significant estimates include the deferral of expenditures for offering costs, which are dependent upon successful financing of the project. We defer the costs incurred to raise equity financing until that financing occurs. At the time we issue new equity, we will net these costs against the equity proceeds received. Alternatively, if the equity financing does not occur, we will expense the offering costs. It is at least reasonably possible that this estimate may change in the near term.
ESTIMATED SOURCES OF FUNDS
The following tables set forth various estimates of our sources of funds, depending upon the amount of units sold to investors and based upon various levels of equity that our lenders may require. Based on current market conditions, we expect to finance the project at an equity to debt ratio of 50% equity and 50% debt. The information set forth below represents estimates only and actual sources of funds could vary significantly due to a number of factors, including because of any grant monies that we may receive and those described in the section entitled “RISK FACTORS” and elsewhere in this prospectus.
Sources of Funds | | Minimum 16,910 Units Sold | | Percent of Total | |
Unit Proceeds | | $ | 253,650,000 | | | 29.10 | % |
Seed Capital Proceeds | | | 9,800,000 | | | 1.12 | % |
Senior Debt Financing | | | 608,050,000 | | | 69.78 | % |
Total Sources of Funds | | $ | 871,500,000 | | | 100.00 | % |
Sources of Funds | | If 29,050 Units Sold | | Percent of Total | |
Unit Proceeds | | $ | 435,750,000 | | | 50.00 | % |
Seed Capital Proceeds | | | 9,800,000 | | | 1.12 | % |
Senior Debt Financing | | | 425,950,000 | | | 48.88 | % |
Total Sources of Funds | | $ | 871,500,000 | | | 100.00 | % |
Sources of Funds | | Maximum 39,455 Units Sold | | Percent of Total | |
Unit Proceeds | | $ | 591,825,000 | | | 67.91 | % |
Seed Capital Proceeds | | | 9,800,000 | | | 1.12 | % |
Senior Debt Financing | | | 269,875,000 | | | 30.97 | % |
Total Sources of Funds | | $ | 871,500,000 | | | 100.00 | % |
ESTIMATED USE OF PROCEEDS
The gross proceeds from this offering, before deducting offering expenses, will be $253,650,000 if the minimum number of units offered is sold and $591,825,000 if the maximum number of units offered is sold. We estimate the offering expenses to be approximately $550,000. Therefore, we estimate the net proceeds of the offering to be $253,100,000 if the minimum amount of units is sold, and $591,275,000 if the maximum number of units offered is sold. The chart below provides an itemized break-up of our offering expenses:
Nature of Offering Expense | | Cost | |
Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee | | $ | 23,258.72 | |
Legal fees and expenses | | | 200,000.00 | |
Accounting fees | | | 125,000.00 | |
Blue Sky filing fees | | | 10,000.00 | |
Printing expenses | | | 75,000.00 | |
Advertising | | | 50,000.00 | |
Miscellaneous expenses | | | 66,741.28 | |
Total | | $ | 550,000.00 | |
The following tables describe our proposed use of proceeds if the minimum (16,910) and the maximum (39,455) number of units are sold in this offering. Our estimated project cost for constructing the four plants does not materially vary depending on how much equity is raised in this offering. Rather, we expect to obtain debt financing for the amount by which the total project cost ($871,500,000) exceeds the equity raised in this offering and our seed capital proceeds. Therefore, we expect that our use of proceeds will remain the same as long as the number of units sold in this offering are between the minimum and maximum units offered. The actual use of funds is based upon contingencies, such as the estimated cost of plant construction, the suitability and cost of the proposed site, the regulatory permits required and the cost of debt financing and inventory costs, which are driven by the market. Therefore, the following figures are intended to be estimates only, and the actual use of funds may vary significantly from the descriptions given below depending on contingencies such as those described above. In addition, depending on the level of equity raised, we may decide to implement technical or design upgrades or improvements to our plants. We previously estimated the total project cost at $843,300,000. However, as we have gathered geotechnical data on our project sites, we have learned that engineering and structural costs will be greater than we previously anticipated. The total project cost has been increased to reflect this recent information.
Use of Proceeds if Minimum or Maximum Number of Units are Sold | | Amount | | Percentage of Total | |
Plant Construction | | $ | 584,800,000 | | | 67.10 | % |
Material escalator provision | | $ | 13,000,000 | | | 1.49 | % |
Land cost | | | 9,187,490 | | | 1.05 | % |
Site development costs | | | 32,606,000 | | | 3.74 | % |
Construction contingency | | | 9,388,408 | | | 1.08 | % |
Construction performance bond | | | 2,000,000 | | | 0.23 | % |
Construction insurance costs | | | 1,000,000 | | | 0.11 | % |
Construction manager fees | | | 300,000 | | | 0.03 | % |
Administrative building | | | 2,600,000 | | | 0.30 | % |
Office equipment | | | 400,000 | | | 0.05 | % |
Computers, Software, Network | | | 700,000 | | | 0.08 | % |
Rail infrastructure | | | 22,848,100 | | | 2.62 | % |
Fire protection, water supply and water pretreatment | | | 25,090,000 | | | 2.88 | % |
Capitalized interest | | | 21,200,000 | | | 2.43 | % |
Rolling stock | | | 2,000,000 | | | 0.23 | % |
Start up costs | | | | | | 0.00 | % |
Financing costs | | | 12,700,000 | | | 1.46 | % |
Cost of raising capital (including placement agent or financial advisor fees) | | | 16,995,000 | | | 1.95 | % |
Organization costs | | | 6,325,000 | | | 0.73 | % |
Pre-production period costs | | | 3,800,000 | | | 0.44 | % |
Debt service reserve | | $ | 29,920,000 | | | 3.43 | % |
Inventory – working capital | | | 32,000,000 | | | 3.67 | % |
Inventory – corn | | | 16,440,000 | | | 1.89 | % |
Inventory – chemicals and ingredients | | | 2,000,000 | | | 0.23 | % |
Inventory – work in process – ethanol | | | 17,600,000 | | | 2.02 | % |
Inventory – work in process – distillers grains | | | 3,600,000 | | | 0.41 | % |
Inventory spare parts – process equipment | | | 3,000,000 | | | 0.34 | % |
Total | | $ | 871,499,998 | | | 100.00 | % |
EMPLOYEES
While we have engaged certain individuals as independent contractors, we do not currently have any employees. We have executed consulting agreements with some of our officers and directors. Please see “EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.”
ETHANOL INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
Over the past twenty years the U.S. fuel ethanol industry has grown from almost nothing to over 7.5 billion gallons of ethanol production per year. According to the RFA, as of September 16, 2008, there are 171 ethanol production facilities producing ethanol throughout the United States with 38 new ethanol plants in various stages of completion and/or expansion. Most of these facilities are based in the Midwest because of the nearby access to the corn and grain feedstocks necessary to produce ethanol.
GENERAL ETHANOL DEMAND AND SUPPLY
According to the latest figures available from the RFA, demand for fuel ethanol in the United States reached a new high in 2007 at approximately 6.5 billion gallons. In its report titled, “Ethanol Industry Outlook 2008,” the RFA anticipates demand for ethanol to remain strong as a result of the new national renewable fuels standard set forth in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. The RFA notes that ethanol is currently blended into more than 50% of all gasoline sold in the United States as E10 (a blend of 10% ethanol and 90% gasoline) and expects that ethanol use will expand in regions such as the Southeast United States.
The Energy Policy Act of 2005 provided a renewable fuels standard that began at 4.0 billion gallons in 2006, increased to 4.7 billion gallons in 2007, and will increase to 5.4 billion gallons in 2008, and is set to reach 7.5 billion gallons by 2012. However, there is already enough ethanol being produced to meet the 2012 RFS of 7.5 million gallons. The newly enacted Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 has increased the RFS to 20.5 billion gallons in 2015 and 36 billion gallons in 2022, however a substantial part of the RFS can be met only through the use of advanced biofuels such as cellulosic ethanol. Since we expect to produce our ethanol from corn, we do not anticipate the increase in the RFS to significantly increase the demand for our ethanol. The RFS is a national flexible program that does not require any renewable fuels be used in any particular area or state, allowing refiners to usfe renewable fuel blends in those areas where it is most cost-effective. This legislation has led to significant new investment in ethanol plants across the country. The increase in the number of new plants has brought about a dramatic increase in the supply of ethanol. This increase in the supply of ethanol has placed downward pressure on the price of ethanol as demand has struggled to keep pace with the increase in supply. While ethanol prices have increased in the second half of 2007, over-supply in the ethanol market could lead to a sustained decline in ethanol prices. The following chart provides the new RFS ethanol production schedule:
Year | | Renewable Biofuel | | Advanced Biofuel | | Cellulosic Biofuel | | Biomass- based Diesel | | Undiffer- entiated Advanced Biofuel | | Total RFS | |
2008 | | | 9.0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 9.0 | |
2009 | | | 10.5 | | | .6 | | | | | | .5 | | | 0.1 | | | 11.1 | |
2010 | | | 12 | | | .95 | | | .1 | | | .65 | | | 0.2 | | | 12.95 | |
2011 | | | 12.6 | | | 1.35 | | | .25 | | | .8 | | | 0.3 | | | 13.95 | |
2012 | | | 13.2 | | | 2 | | | .5 | | | 1 | | | 0.5 | | | 15.2 | |
2013 | | | 13.8 | | | 2.75 | | | 1 | | | | | | 1.75 | | | 16.55 | |
2014 | | | 14.4 | | | 3.75 | | | 1.75 | | | | | | 2 | | | 18.15 | |
2015 | | | 15 | | | 5.5 | | | 3 | | | | | | 2.5 | | | 20.5 | |
2016 | | | 15 | | | 7.25 | | | 4.25 | | | | | | 3.0 | | | 22.25 | |
2017 | | | 15 | | | 9 | | | 5.5 | | | | | | 3.5 | | | 24 | |
2018 | | | 15 | | | 11 | | | 7 | | | | | | 4.0 | | | 26 | |
2019 | | | 15 | | | 13 | | | 8.5 | | | | | | 4.5 | | | 28 | |
2020 | | | 15 | | | 15 | | | 10.5 | | | | | | 4.5 | | | 30 | |
2021 | | | 15 | | | 18 | | | 13.5 | | | | | | 4.5 | | | 33 | |
2022 | | | 15 | | | 21 | | | 16 | | | | | | 5 | | | 36 | |
Source: Renewable Fuels Association
While we believe that the nationally mandated usage of renewable fuels is largely driving current demand, we believe that an increase in voluntary usage will be necessary for the industry to continue its growth trend. While the Energy Independence and Security Act has increased the RFS, a substantial amount of this increase must come from advanced biofuels such as cellulosic ethanol and ethanol derived from waste materials such as crop residue and animal waste. Thus, our ethanol which we expect will be produced from corn, will be ineligible for meeting a substantial portion of the increased RFS requirements. Further, we expect that voluntary usage by blenders will occur only if the price of ethanol makes increased blending economical. In addition, we believe that heightened consumer awareness and consumer demand for ethanol-blended gasoline may play an important role in growing overall ethanol demand and voluntary usage by blenders. If blenders do not voluntarily increase the amount of ethanol blended into gasoline and consumer awareness does not increase, it is possible that additional ethanol supply will outpace demand and depress ethanol prices.
The following table shows U.S. ethanol production capacity by state as of August 2008:
Rank | | State | | Ethanol Production Capacity (Million Gallons Per Year) | |
1 | | Iowa | | 3,534.0 | |
2 | | Nebraska | | 1,665.5 | |
3 | | Illinois | | 1,223.0 | |
4 | | Minnesota | | 1,102.1 | |
5 | | Indiana | | 1,162.0 | |
6 | | South Dakota | | 892.0 | |
7 | | Kansas | | 507.5 | |
8 | | Ohio | | 529.0 | |
9 | | Wisconsin | | 498.0 | |
10 | | Texas | | 355.0 | |
11 | | North Dakota | | 333.0 | |
12 | | Michigan | | 264.0 | |
13 | | Missouri | | 241.0 | |
14 | | California | | 234.5 | |
15 | | Tennessee | | 205.0 | |
16 | | New York | | 164.0 | |
17 | | Oregon | | 148.0 | |
18 | | Colorado | | 125.0 | |
19 | | Georgia | | 120.4 | |
20 | | Pennsylvania | �� | 110.0 | |
21 | | Arizona | | 55.0 | |
22 | | Washington | | 55.0 | |
23 | | Idaho | | 54.0 | |
24 | | Kentucky | | 35.4 | |
25 | | New Mexico | | 30.0 | |
26 | | Wyoming | | 6.5 | |
27 | | Louisiana | | 1.5 | |
| | United States Total | | 13,751.4 | |
Source: Renewable Fuel Association | |
FEDERAL AND STATE ETHANOL SUPPORTS AND INCENTIVES
The ethanol industry is heavily dependent on several economic incentives to produce ethanol, including federal and state ethanol supports and tax incentives. The ethanol industry and our business depend upon continuation of the federal and state ethanol supports and incentives discussed below. These government incentives have supported a market for ethanol that might disappear without the incentives. Alternatively, the government incentives may be continued at lower levels than those at which they currently exist. The elimination or reduction of such federal ethanol supports would make it more costly for us to sell our ethanol and would likely harm our ability to operate profitably thereby reducing the value of your investment.
The Renewable Fuels Standard
The most recent ethanol supports are contained in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, which was signed into law on December 19, 2007 and is expected to impact the ethanol industry by enhancing both the production and use of ethanol. This legislation modifies the provisions of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 which created a Renewable Fuels Standard, known as the RFS. The RFS is a national program that imposes requirements with respect to the amount of renewable fuel produced and used. RFS will apply to refineries, blenders, distributors and importers, but will not restrict the geographic areas in which renewable fuels may be used. This should allow refiners, blenders, distributors and importers to use renewable fuel blends in those areas where it is most cost effective. The RFS requires that 9 billion gallons be sold or dispensed in 2008, increasing to 36 billion gallons by 2022. According to the RFA, RFS is expected to lead to new investment in ethanol plants across the country. An increase in the number of new plants will increase the supply of ethanol.
The Clean Air Act and Oxygenated Gasoline Program
Historically, ethanol sales have been favorably affected by the Clean Air Act amendments of 1990, particularly the Oxygented Gasoline Program, which became effective November 1, 1992. The Oxygenated Gasoline Program requires the sale of oxygenated motor fuels during the winter months in certain major metropolitan areas to reduce carbon monoxide pollution. Ethanol use has also increased as the result of a second Clean Air Act program, the Reformulated Gasoline Program. This program became effective January 1, 1995 and requires the sale of reformulated gasoline in numerous areas to reduce pollutants, specifically those that contribute to ground level ozone, better known as smog. Reformulated gasoline that meets the performance criteria set by the Clean Air Act can be reformulated in a number of ways, including the addition of oxygenates to the gasoline. The two major oxygenates added to reformulated gasoline pursuant to these programs are MTBE and ethanol. MTBE has been linked to groundwater contamination and has been banned from use in many states. Although the Energy Policy Act of 2005 did not impose a national ban of MTBE, its failure to include liability protection for manufacturers of MTBE is expected to result in refiners and blenders using ethanol rather than MTBE. Prior to the passage of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, the reformulated gasoline program included a requirement that reformulated gasoline contain 2% oxygenate. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 repealed that requirement immediately in California and 270 days after enactment elsewhere. Although the repeal of the oxygenate requirement may have some impact, the EPA’s analysis of the elimination of the 2% oxygenate requirement indicated that ethanol will continue to be used in reformulated gasoline after the repeal of the oxygenate requirement. The EPA’s assessment was based on past analyses of ethanol in reformulated gasoline despite removal of the oxygenate requirement, current gasoline prices and the tightness in the gasoline market, the favorable economics of ethanol blending, a continuing concern over MTBE use by refiners, the emission performance standards still in place for reformulated gasoline and the upcoming renewable fuels mandate.
The Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit
The use of ethanol as an alternative fuel source has been aided by federal tax policy also. On October 22, 2004, President Bush signed H.R. 4520, which contained the Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit, known as VEETC, and amended the federal excise tax structure effective as of January 1, 2005. Prior to VEETC, ethanol-blended fuel was taxed at a lower rate than regular gasoline (13.2 cents on a 10% blend). Under VEETC, the ethanol excise tax exemption has been eliminated, thereby allowing the full federal excise tax of 18.4 cents per gallon of gasoline to be collected on all gasoline and allocated to the highway trust fund. This is expected to add approximately $1.4 billion to the highway trust fund revenue annually. In place of the exemption, the bill created a new volumetric ethanol excise tax credit of $0.51 per gallon of ethanol blended at 10%. Starting 2009, the recently enacted Heartland, Habitat, Harvest, and Horticulture Act of 2008 has reduced this tax credit to $0.45 per gallon as long as a threshold of 7.5 billion gallons of ethanol production is met. Refiners and gasoline blenders apply for this credit on the same tax form as before only it is a credit from general revenue, not the highway trust fund. Based on volume, the VEETC is expected to allow much greater refinery flexibility in blending ethanol since it makes the tax credit available on all ethanol blended with all gasoline, diesel and ethyl tertiary butyl ether, known as ETBE, including ethanol in E85 (an 85% ethanol fuel blend) and E20 (a 20% ethanol fuel blend) in Minnesota. The VEETC is scheduled to expire on December 31, 2010.
Small Ethanol Producer Tax Credit
The Energy Policy Act of 2005 expanded who qualifies for the small ethanol producer tax credit. Historically, small ethanol producers were allowed a 10-cents-per-gallon production income tax credit on up to 15 million gallons of production annually. The size of the plant eligible for the tax credit was limited to 30 million gallons. Under the Energy Policy Act of 2005 the size limitation on the production capacity for small ethanol producers increases from 30 million to 60 million gallons. The credit can be taken on the first 15 million gallons of production. The tax credit is capped at $1.5 million per year per producer. We anticipate that our annual production will exceed production limits of 60 million gallons per year and that we will be ineligible for this credit.
Clean-Fuel Vehicle Refueling Equipment Tax Credit
In addition, the Energy Policy Act of 2005 created a new tax credit that permits taxpayers to claim a 30% credit (up to $30,000) for the cost of installing clean-fuel vehicle refueling equipment, such as an E85 fuel pump, to be used in a trade or business of the taxpayer or installed at the principal residence of the taxpayer. Under the provision, clean fuels are any fuels at least 85% of the volume of which consists of ethanol, natural gas, compressed natural gas, liquefied natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and hydrogen and any mixture of diesel fuel and biodiesel containing at least 20% biodiesel. The provision is effective for equipment placed in service following December 31, 2005 and before January 1, 2010. While it is unclear how this credit will affect the demand for ethanol in the short term, we expect it will help raise consumer awareness of alternative sources of fuel and could positively impact future demand for ethanol.
Imported Ethanol Tariffs and Quotas
Currently, there is a $0.54 per gallon tariff on imported ethanol, which is scheduled to expire in January 2009. Ethanol imports from 24 countries in Central America and the Caribbean region are exempted from the tariff under the Caribbean Basin Initiative or CBI, which provides that specified nations may export an aggregate of 7.0% of U.S. ethanol production per year into the U.S., with additional exemptions from ethanol produced from feedstock in the Caribbean region over the 7.0% limit. Large ethanol producers, such as Cargill, have expressed interest in building dehydration plants in participating Caribbean basin countries, such as El Salvador, which would convert ethanol into fuel-grade ethanol for shipment to the U.S. Ethanol imported from Caribbean basin countries may be a less expensive alternative to domestically produced ethanol. According to the RFA, the U.S. International Trade Commission set the 2007 CBI import quota at approximately 350 million gallons, up from 268.1 million gallons in 2006. In the past, legislation was introduced in the Senate that would limit the transshipment of ethanol through the CBI. It is possible that similar legislation will be introduced this year; however, there is no assurance or guarantee that such legislation will be introduced or that it will be successfully passed. We expect that enactment of the legislation would decrease the total supply of ethanol in the U.S. market relative to demand and increase domestic prices.
State Legislation Banning or Limiting MTBE Use
As of February 2007, 25 states, including California and New York, have banned or significantly limited the use of MTBE due to environmental and public health concerns. Ethanol has served as a replacement for much of the discontinued volumes of MTBE and is expected to continue to replace future volumes of MTBE that are removed from the fuel supply. However, there is a limited amount of MTBE to be replaced, and we do not expect this to have a significant impact on our business.
State Incentives
The following chart outlines the state incentives for which we expect to be eligible; however, we can provide no assurance or guarantee that we will, in fact, receive these incentives or if we do, that they will be of the value stated below.
State | | Incentive Type | | Availability | | Incentive Value |
SC | | Corporate Income Tax Job Tax Credits | | 5 Years | | $1,012,500 |
| | Ethanol Production Credit | | Variable | | $25,000,000 |
| | Ethanol Construction Credit | | Variable | | $40,000,000 |
| | Sales Tax | | Ongoing | | $10,745,000 |
| | Job Development Credit | | 10 Years | | $618,319 |
| | Fee-In-Lieu of Property Tax | | 20 Years | | $11,564,927 |
| | | | | | |
FL | | EDTF Grant | | — | | $1,100,000 |
| | RIF Grant | | — | | $780,000 |
| | EDA Grant | | — | | $2,000,000 |
| | CDBG Grant | | — | | $600,000 |
| | Business Equipment Sales Tax Refund | | — | | $2,750,000 |
GA | | Property Tax Abatements | | 10 Years | | $20,000,000 |
| | EIP Grant | | — | | $450,000 |
NC | | NCDOT | | — | | $125,000 |
| | Job Tax Credits | | 5 Years | | $562,500 (Tier I County) |
| | Investment Tax Credits | | 5 Years | | $8,610,000 (Tier I County) |
OUR PRIMARY COMPETITION
We will be in direct competition with numerous other ethanol producers, some of whom have greater resources than we do. We also expect that additional ethanol producers will enter the market if the demand for ethanol continues to increase. Our plant will compete with other ethanol producers on the basis of price, and to a lesser extent, delivery service. The ethanol industry has grown to 163 production facilities in the United States with another 47 in various stages of completion or expansion. The largest ethanol producers include Abengoa Bioenergy Corp., Archer Daniels Midland, Aventine Renewable Energy, Inc., Cargill, Inc., New Energy Corp. and VeraSun Energy Corporation. Only Archer Daniels Midland and VeraSun Energy Corporation will produce more ethanol than we expect to produce.
The following table identifies most of the ethanol producers in the United States and their production capacities.
U.S. FUEL ETHANOL INDUSTRY BIOREFINERIES AND PRODUCTION CAPACITY
million gallons per year (mgy)
Company | | Location | | Feedstock | | Current Capacity (mgy) | | Under Construction/ Expansions (mgy) | |
Abengoa Bioenergy Corp. | | | York, NE | | | Corn/milo | | | 55 | | | | |
| | | Colwich, KS | | | | | | 25 | | | | |
| | | Portales, NM | | | | | | 30 | | | | |
| | | Ravenna, NE | | | | | | 88 | | | | |
| | | Mt. Vernon, IN | | | | | | | | | 88 | |
| | | Madison, IL | | | | | | | | | 88 | |
Absolute Energy, LLC* | | | St. Ansgar, IA | | | Corn | | | 100 | | | | |
ACE Ethanol, LLC | | | Stanley, WI | | | Corn | | | 41 | | | | |
Adkins Energy, LLC* | | | Lena, IL | | | Corn | | | 40 | | | | |
Advanced Bioenergy | | | Fairmont, NE | | | Corn | | | 100 | | | | |
AGP* | | | Hastings, NE | | | Corn | | | 52 | | | | |
Agri-Energy, LLC* | | | Luverne, MN | | | Corn | | | 21 | | | | |
Al-Corn Clean Fuel* | | | Claremont, MN | | | Corn | | | 35 | | | 15 | |
Amaizing Energy, LLC* | | | Denison, IA | | | Corn | | | 48 | | | | |
| | | Atlantic, IA | | | Corn | | | | | | 110 | |
Archer Daniels Midland | | | Decatur, IL | | | Corn | | | 1,070 | | | 550 | |
| | | Cedar Rapids, IA | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Clinton, IA | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Columbus, NE | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Marshall, MN | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Peoria, IL | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Wallhalla, ND | | | Corn/barley | | | | | | | |
Arkalon Energy, LLC | | | Liberal, KS | | | Corn | | | 110 | | | | |
Aventine Renewable Energy, LLC | | | Pekin, IL | | | Corn | | | 207 | | | 226 | |
| | | Aurora, NE | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Mt. Vernon, IN | | | Corn | | | | | | # | |
| | | Aurora, NE | | | Corn | | | | | | # | |
Badger State Ethanol, LLC* | | | Monroe, WI | | | Corn | | | 48 | | | | |
Big River Resources, LLC* | | | West Burlington, IA | | | Corn | | | 52 | | | | |
BioEnergy International | | | Clearfield, PA | | | Corn | | | | | | 110 | |
BioFuel Energy - Pioneer Trail Energy, LLC | | | Wood River, NE | | | Corn | | | 115 | | | | |
BioFuel Energy - Buffalo Lake Energy, LLC | | | Fairmont, MN | | | Corn | | | 115 | | | | |
Blue Flint Ethanol | | | Underwood, ND | | | Corn | | | 50 | | | | |
Bonanza Energy, LLC | | | Garden City, KS | | | Corn/milo | | | 55 | | | | |
Bushmills Ethanol, Inc.* | | | Atwater, MN | | | Corn | | | 40 | | | | |
Calgren | | | Pixley, CA | | | Corn | | | | | | 55 | |
Cardinal Ethanol | | | Harrisville, IN | | | Corn | | | | | | 100 | |
Cargill, Inc. | | | Blair, NE | | | Corn | | | 85 | | | | |
| | | Eddyville, IA | | | Corn | | | 35 | | | | |
Cascade Grain | | | Clatskanie, OR | | | Corn | | | | | | 108 | |
Castle Rock Renewable Fuels, LLC | | | Necedah, WI | | | Corn | | | 50 | | | | |
Center Ethanol Company | | | Sauget, IL | | | Corn | | | 54 | | | | |
Central Indiana Ethanol, LLC | | | Marion, IN | | | Corn | | | 40 | | | | |
Central MN Ethanol Coop* | | | Little Falls, MN | | | Corn | | | 21.5 | | | | |
Chief Ethanol | | | Hastings, NE | | | Corn | | | 62 | | | | |
Chippewa Valley Ethanol Co.* | | | Benson, MN | | | Corn | | | 45 | | | | |
Cilion Ethanol | | | Keyes, CA | | | Corn | | | | | | 50 | |
Commonwealth Agri-Energy, LLC* | | | Hopkinsville, KY | | | Corn | | | 33 | | | | |
Corn, LP* | | | Goldfield, IA | | | Corn | | | 50 | | | | |
Cornhusker Energy Lexington, LLC | | | Lexington, NE | | | Corn | | | 40 | | | | |
Corn Plus, LLP* | | | Winnebago, MN | | | Corn | | | 44 | | | | |
Coshoctan Ethanol, OH | | | Coshoctan, OH | | | Corn | | | 60 | | | | |
Dakota Ethanol, LLC* | | | Wentworth, SD | | | Corn | | | 50 | | | | |
DENCO, LLC | | | Morris, MN | | | Corn | | | 21.5 | | | | |
Didion Ethanol | | | Cambria, WI | | | Corn | | | 40 | | | | |
E Energy Adams, LLC | | | Adams, NE | | | Corn | | | 50 | | | | |
E Caruso (Goodland Energy Center) | | | Goodland, KS | | | Corn | | | | | | 20 | |
East Kansas Agri-Energy, LLC* | | | Garnett, KS | | | Corn | | | 35 | | | | |
Elkhorn Valley Ethanol, LLC | | | Norfolk, NE | | | Corn | | | 40 | | | | |
ESE Alcohol Inc. | | | Leoti, KS | | | Seed corn | | | 1.5 | | | | |
Ethanol Grain Processors, LLC | | | Obion, TN | | | Corn | | | | | | 100 | |
First United Ethanol, LLC (FUEL) | | | Mitchell Co., GA | | | Corn | | | | | | 100 | |
Front Range Energy, LLC | | | Windsor, CO | | | Corn | | | 40 | | | | |
Gateway Ethanol | | | Pratt, KS | | | Corn | | | 55 | | | | |
Glacial Lakes Energy, LLC* | | | Watertown, SD | | | Corn | | | 100 | | | | |
Glacial Lakes Energy, LLC-Mina* | | | Mina, SD | | | Corn | | | 107 | | | | |
Global Ethanol/Midwest Grain Processors | | | Lakota, IA | | | Corn | | | 95 | | | | |
| | | Riga, MI | | | Corn | | | 57 | | | | |
Golden Cheese Company of California* | | | Corona, CA | | | Cheese whey | | | 5 | | | | |
Golden Grain Energy, LLC* | | | Mason City, IA | | | Corn | | | 110 | | | 50 | |
Golden Triangle Energy, LLC* | | | Craig, MO | | | Corn | | | 20 | | | | |
Grain Processing Corp. | | | Muscatine, IA | | | Corn | | | 20 | | | | |
Granite Falls Energy, LLC* | | | Granite Falls, MN | | | Corn | | | 52 | | | | |
Greater Ohio Ethanol, LLC | | | Lima, OH | | | Corn | | | 54 | | | | |
Green Plains Renewable Energy | | | Shenandoah, IA | | | Corn | | | 50 | | | | |
| | | Superior, IA | | | Corn | | | 50 | | | | |
Hawkeye Renewables, LLC | | | Iowa Falls, IA | | | Corn | | | 105 | | | | |
| | | Fairbank, IA | | | Corn | | | 115 | | | | |
| | | Menlo, IA | | | Corn | | | | | | 100 | |
| | | Shell Rock, IA | | | Corn | | | | | | 110 | |
Heartland Corn Products* | | | Winthrop, MN | | | Corn | | | 100 | | | | |
Heartland Grain Fuels, LP* | | | Aberdeen, SD | | | Corn | | | 9 | | | | |
| | | Huron, SD | | | Corn | | | 12 | | | 18 | |
Heron Lake BioEnergy, LLC | | | Heron Lake, MN | | | Corn | | | 50 | | | | |
Homeland Energy | | | New Hampton, IA | | | Corn | | | | | | 100 | |
Husker Ag, LLC* | | | Plainview, NE | | | Corn | | | 26.5 | | | | |
Idaho Ethanol Processing | | | Caldwell, ID | | | Potato Waste | | | 4 | | | | |
Illinois River Energy, LLC | | | Rochelle, IL | | | Corn | | | 50 | | | | |
Indiana Bio-Energy | | | Bluffton, IN | | | Corn | | | | | | 101 | |
Iroquois Bio-Energy Company, LLC | | | Rensselaer, IN | | | Corn | | | 40 | | | | |
KAAPA Ethanol, LLC* | | | Minden, NE | | | Corn | | | 40 | | | | |
Kansas Ethanol, LLC | | | Lyons, KS | | | Corn | | | 55 | | | | |
KL Process Design Group | | | Upton, WY | | | Wood waste | | | 1.5 | | | | |
Land O' Lakes* | | | Melrose, MN | | | Cheese whey | | | 2.6 | | | | |
Levelland/Hockley County Ethanol, LLC | | | Levelland, TX | | | Corn | | | 40 | | | | |
Lifeline Foods, LLC | | | St. Joseph, MO | | | Corn | | | 40 | | | | |
Lincolnland Agri-Energy, LLC* | | | Palestine, IL | | | Corn | | | 48 | | | | |
Lincolnway Energy, LLC* | | | Nevada, IA | | | Corn | | | 50 | | | | |
Little Sioux Corn Processors, LP* | | | Marcus, IA | | | Corn | | | 52 | | | | |
Marquis Energy, LLC | | | Hennepin, IL | | | Corn | | | 100 | | | | |
Marysville Ethanol, LLC | | | Marysville, MI | | | Corn | | | 50 | | | | |
Merrick & Company | | | Golden, CO | | | Waste beer | | | 3 | | | | |
MGP Ingredients, Inc. | | | Pekin, IL | | | Corn/wheat starch | | | 78 | | | | |
| | | Atchison, KS | | | | | | | | | | |
Mid America Agri Products/Wheatland | | | Madrid, NE | | | Corn | | | 44 | | | | |
Mid America Agri Products/Horizon | | | Cambridge, NE | | | Corn | | | 44 | | | | |
Mid-Missouri Energy, Inc.* | | | Malta Bend, MO | | | Corn | | | 45 | | | | |
Midwest Renewable Energy, LLC | | | Sutherland, NE | | | Corn | | | 25 | | | | |
Minnesota Energy* | | | Buffalo Lake, MN | | | Corn | | | 18 | | | | |
NEDAK Ethanol | | | Atkinson, NE | | | Corn | | | | | | 44 | |
New Energy Corp. | | | South Bend, IN | | | Corn | | | 102 | | | | |
North Country Ethanol, LLC* | | | Rosholt, SD | | | Corn | | | 20 | | | | |
Northeast Biofuels | | | Volney, NY | | | Corn | | | 114 | | | | |
Northwest Renewable, LLC | | | Longview, WA | | | Corn | | | | | | 55 | |
Otter Tail Ag Enterprises | | | Fergus Falls, MN | | | Corn | | | 57.5 | | | | |
Pacific Ethanol | | | Madera, CA | | | Corn | | | 40 | | | | |
| | | Boardman, OR | | | Corn | | | 40 | | | | |
| | | Burley, ID | | | Corn | | | 50 | | | | |
| | | Stockton, CA | | | Corn | | | | | | 50 | |
Panda Ethanol | | | Hereford, TX | | | Corn/milo | | | | | | 115 | |
Parallel Products | | | Louisville, KY | | | Beverage waste | | | 5.4 | | | | |
| | | R. Cucamonga, CA | | | | | | | | | | |
Patriot Renewable Fuels, LLC | | | Annawan, IL | | | Corn | | | | | | 100 | |
Penford Products | | | Cedar Rapids, IA | | | Corn | | | | | | 45 | |
Phoenix Biofuels | | | Goshen, CA | | | Corn | | | 31.5 | | | | |
Pinal Energy, LLC | | | Maricopa, AZ | | | Corn | | | 55 | | | | |
Pine Lake Corn Processors, LLC* | | | Steamboat Rock, IA | | | Corn | | | 20 | | | | |
Platinum Ethanol, LLC* | | | Arthur, IA | | | Corn | | | | | | 110 | |
Plymouth Ethanol, LLC* | | | Merrill, IA | | | Corn | | | | | | 50 | |
POET Biorefining | | | Alexandria, IN | | | Corn | | | 1331 | | | 195 | |
| | | Ashton, IA | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Big Stone, SD | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Bingham Lake, MN | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Caro, MI | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Chancellor, SD | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Coon Rapids, IA | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Corning, IA | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Emmetsburg, IA | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Fostoria, OH | | | Corn | | | | | | # | |
| | | Glenville, MN | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Gowrie, IA | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Groton, SD | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Hanlontown, IA | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Hudson, SD | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Jewell, IA | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Laddonia, MO | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Lake Crystal, MN | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Leipsic, OH | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Macon, MO | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Marion, OH | | | Corn | | | | | | # | |
| | | Mitchell, SD | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | North Manchester, IN | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Portland, IN | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Preston, MN | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Scotland, SD | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
Prairie Horizon Agri-Energy, LLC | | | Phillipsburg, KS | | | Corn | | | 40 | | | | |
Quad-County Corn Processors* | | | Galva, IA | | | Corn | | | 27 | | | | |
Range Fuels | | | Soperton, GA | | | Wood waste | | | | | | 20 | |
Red Trail Energy, LLC | | | Richardton, ND | | | Corn | | | 50 | | | | |
Redfield Energy, LLC * | | | Redfield, SD | | | Corn | | | 50 | | | | |
Reeve Agri-Energy | | | Garden City, KS | | | Corn/milo | | | 12 | | | | |
Renew Energy | | | Jefferson Junction, WI | | | Corn | | | 130 | | | | |
Show Me Ethanol | | | Carrollton, MO | | | Corn | | | 55 | | | | |
Siouxland Energy & Livestock Coop* | | | Sioux Center, IA | | | Corn | | | 60 | | | | |
Siouxland Ethanol, LLC | | | Jackson, NE | | | Corn | | | 50 | | | | |
Southwest Iowa Renewable Energy, LLC * | | | Council Bluffs, IA | | | Corn | | | | | | 110 | |
Sterling Ethanol, LLC | | | Sterling, CO | | | Corn | | | 42 | | | | |
Tate & Lyle | | | Loudon, TN | | | Corn | | | 67 | | | 38 | |
| | | Ft. Dodge, IA | | | Corn | | | | | | 105 | |
The Andersons Albion Ethanol LLC | | | Albion, MI | | | Corn | | | 55 | | | | |
The Andersons Clymers Ethanol, LLC | | | Clymers, IN | | | Corn | | | 110 | | | | |
The Andersons Marathon Ethanol, LLC | | | Greenville, OH | | | Corn | | | 110 | | | | |
Tharaldson Ethanol | | | Casselton, ND | | | Corn | | | | | | 110 | |
Trenton Agri Products, LLC | | | Trenton, NE | | | Corn | | | 40 | | | | |
United Ethanol | | | Milton, WI | | | Corn | | | 52 | | | | |
United WI Grain Producers, LLC* | | | Friesland, WI | | | Corn | | | 49 | | | | |
Utica Energy, LLC | | | Oshkosh, WI | | | Corn | | | 48 | | | | |
VeraSun Energy Corporation | | | Aurora, SD | | | Corn | | | 1,310 | | | 330 | |
| | | Ft. Dodge, IA | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Albion, NE | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Charles City, IA | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Linden, IN | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Welcome, MN | | | Corn | | | | | | # | |
| | | Hartely, IA | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Bloomingburg, OH | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Albert City, IA | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Woodbury, MI | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Hankinson, ND | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Central City , NE | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Ord, NE | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Dyersville, IA | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
| | | Janesville, MN | | | Corn | | | | | | # | |
Marion, SD | | | | | | Corn | | | | | | | |
Verenium | | | Jennings, LA | | | Sugarcane bagasse | | | 1.5 | | | | |
Western New York Energy, LLC | | | Shelby, NY | | | Corn | | | 50 | | | | |
Western Plains Energy, LLC* | | | Campus, KS | | | Corn | | | 45 | | | | |
Western Wisconsin Renewable Energy, LLC* | | | Boyceville, WI | | | Corn | | | 40 | | | | |
White Energy | | | Hereford, TX | | | Corn/Milo | | | 100 | | | | |
| | | Russell, KS | | | Milo/wheat starch | | | 48 | | | | |
Plainview, TX | | | | | | Corn | | | 100 | | | | |
Wind Gap Farms | | | Baconton, GA | | | Brewery waste | | | 0.4 | | | | |
Renova Energy | | | Torrington, WY | | | Corn | | | 5 | | | | |
Xethanol BioFuels, LLC | | | Blairstown, IA | | | Corn | | | 5 | | | | |
Yuma Ethanol | | | Yuma, CO | | | Corn | | | 40 | | | | |
Total Current Capacity at 171 ethanol biorefineries | | | | | | | | | 10,250.4 | | | | |
Total Under Construction (33)/Expansions (5) | | | | | | | | | | | | 3,501 | |
Total Capacity | | | | | | | | | 13,751.4 | | | | |
* locally-owned
# plant under construction
Updated: September 16, 2008
Source: RFA
COMPETITION FROM ALTERNATIVE FUELS
Alternative fuels and ethanol production methods are continually under development by ethanol and oil companies with far greater resources than us. The major oil companies have significantly greater resources than we have to develop alternative products and to influence legislation and public perception of ethanol. New ethanol products or methods of ethanol production developed by larger and better-financed competitors could provide them competitive advantages and harm our business. We anticipate that the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 will provide a substantial stimulus for the development of ethanol from sources such as cellulose and waste materials such as crop residue and animal waste and we expect to have to compete with such ethanol in the future.
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
We are a development stage Delaware limited liability company formed on July 27, 2007 created to facilitate the merger of four entities – Mid Atlantic Ethanol, LLC, Palmetto Agri-Fuels, LLC, Atlantic Ethanol, LLC, and Florida Ethanol, LLC. We are raising capital to develop, construct, own and operate four 110 million gallon dry mill corn-based ethanol plants in the Southeast United States. Ethanol is ethyl alcohol, a fuel component made primarily from corn and various other grains. According to the RFA, approximately 85 percent of ethanol in the United States today is produced from corn, and approximately 90 percent of ethanol is produced from a corn and other input mix. We expect to produce ethanol manufactured from corn. Corn produces large quantities of carbohydrates, which convert into glucose more easily than most other kinds of biomass. The RFA estimates domestic ethanol production at approximately 10.25 billion gallons as of September 16, 2008.
An ethanol plant is essentially a fermentation plant. Ground corn and water are mixed with enzymes and yeast to produce a substance called “beer,” which contains about 10% alcohol and 90% water. The “beer” is boiled to separate the water, resulting in ethyl alcohol, which is then dehydrated to increase the alcohol content. This product is then mixed with a certified denaturant to make the product unfit for human consumption and commercially saleable.
Ethanol can be used as: (i) an octane enhancer in fuels; (ii) an oxygenated fuel additive for the purpose of reducing ozone and carbon monoxide emissions; and (iii) a non-petroleum-based gasoline substitute. Approximately 95% of all ethanol is used in its primary form for blending with unleaded gasoline and other fuel products. Used as a fuel oxygenate, ethanol provides a means to control carbon monoxide emissions in large metropolitan areas. The principal purchasers of ethanol are generally the wholesale gasoline marketer or blender. The principal markets for our ethanol are petroleum terminals in the continental United States.
The following diagram from Fagen, Inc. depicts each of the 110 million gallon per year ethanol plants we anticipate building:
DESCRIPTION OF DRY MILL PROCESS
Our plants are expected to produce ethanol by processing corn and possibly other raw grains such as grain sorghum or milo. The corn and other grains will be received by rail and by truck, then weighed and unloaded in a receiving building. It will then be transported to storage bins. Thereafter, it will be converted to a scalper to remove rocks and debris before it is transported to a hammermill or grinder where it is ground into a mash and conveyed into a slurry tank for enzymatic processing. Then, water, heat and enzymes are added to break the ground grain into a fine slurry. The slurry will be heated for sterilization and pumped to a liquefaction tank where additional enzymes are added. Next, the grain slurry is pumped into fermenters, where yeast is added, to begin a batch fermentation process. A vacuum distillation system will divide the alcohol from the grain mash. Alcohol is then transported through a rectifier column, a side stripper and a molecular sieve system, where it is dehydrated. The 200 proof alcohol is then pumped to farm shift tanks and blended with five percent denaturant, usually gasoline, as it is pumped into storage tanks. The 200 proof alcohol and five percent denaturant constitute ethanol.
Corn mash from the distillation stripper is pumped into one of several decanter-type centrifuges for dewatering. The water (“thin stillage”) is then pumped from the centrifuges to an evaporator where it is dried into thick syrup. The solids that exit the centrifuge or evaporators (the “wet cake”) are conveyed to the distillers dried grains dryer system. Syrup is added to the wet cake as it enters the dryer, where moisture is removed. The process will produce distillers grains, which is processed corn mash that can be used as animal feed.
The following flow chart illustrates the dry mill process:
Source: Renewable Fuels Association, report entitled “How Ethanol is Made,” current as of June 20, 2006, available at www.ethanolrfa.org.
We expect that the ethanol production technology we will use in our plants will be supplied by Fagen, Inc. and/or ICM, Inc. and that they will either own the technology or have obtained any license necessary to utilize the technology.
PRIMARY PRODUCT – ETHANOL
Our business will be that of the production and marketing of ethanol and its co-products. We do not have any other lines of business or other sources of revenue if we are unable to complete the construction and operation of the plants, or if we are not able to market ethanol and its co-products. We anticipate entering into an agreement with a company to market our ethanol; however, we have not yet negotiated or discussed the terms of an ethanol marketing agreement with any ethanol marketing company.
ETHANOL MARKETS
The principal purchasers of ethanol are generally the wholesale gasoline marketer or blender. The principal markets for our ethanol are petroleum terminals in the continental United States. We intend to access local and regional markets by truck, which would produce significant transportation costs savings relative to Midwest-based ethanol plants. We may also try and access national markets by rail. Because ethanol use results in less air pollution than regular gasoline, regional and national markets typically include large cities that are subject to anti-smog measures in either carbon monoxide or ozone non-attainment areas. We expect to reach these markets by delivering ethanol to terminals which will then blend the ethanol into E10 and E85 gasoline and transport the blended gasoline to retail outlets in these markets.
We believe that regional pricing tends to follow national pricing less the freight difference. As with national markets, the use of a group-marketing program or a broker is advantageous, especially during the first few years of operation.
ETHANOL PRICING
The following chart provides a comparison of the average price of ethanol in various parts of the United States from May 1997 to February 2007, but does not necessarily approximate the price at which our ethanol will be sold since historical prices are not a guarantee of future prices:
The following chart provides average ethanol prices in Kansas City, Kansas since March 2007 until the present time:
Source: The Jacobsen
As the chart indicates, ethanol prices trended downward during the summer and fall of 2007, but have rebounded since. To address the potential volatility of the ethanol market and the growing demand for a hedging instrument for domestically produced ethanol, on March 23, 2005, the Chicago Board of Trade (“CBOT”) launched the CBOT Denatured Fuel Ethanol futures contract. Since we expect to employ a third party marketing firm to sell all of our ethanol we do not expect to directly use the new ethanol futures contract. However, it is possible that any ethanol marketing firm we employ may use the new ethanol futures contracts to manage ethanol price volatility.
CO-PRODUCTS
The principal co-product of the ethanol production process is distillers grains, a high protein, high-energy animal feed supplement primarily marketed to the dairy, beef and poultry industry. Distillers grains contain bypass protein that is superior to other protein supplements such as cottonseed meal and soybean meal. Bypass proteins are more easily digestible by animals, thus generating greater lactation in milk cows and greater weight gain in beef cattle. Dry mill ethanol processing creates three forms of distillers grains: distillers wet grains with solubles (“distillers wet grains”), distillers modified wet grains with solubles (“distillers modified wet grains”) and distillers dry grains. Distillers wet grains are processed corn mash that contains approximately 70% moisture and has a shelf life of approximately three days. Therefore, it can be sold only to farms within the immediate vicinity of an ethanol plant. Distillers modified wet grains is distillers wet grains that has been dried to approximately 50% moisture. It has a longer shelf life of approximately three weeks and is often sold to nearby markets. Distillers dried grains is distillers wet grains that has been dried to 10% moisture. Distillers dried grains has an almost indefinite shelf life and may be sold and shipped to any market regardless of its proximity to an ethanol plant.
The plants are expected to produce a combined total of 1,540,000 tons per year of distillers grains. The distillers grains market is less volatile than the ethanol market and even though the prices of corn and distillers grain do not track exactly, they do tend to follow each other. Typically, distillers grains sell from 85% to 100% the price of corn. However, distillers grains prices are also affected by soy meal markets, dairy and cattle markets, and seasonal changes due to summer pasturing. It is expected that distillers grains produced by the plants will be sold through a marketer. The marketer cost is assumed to be approximately 1% percent freight on board fee based on the price of the distillers grains. Therefore, the marketer’s fee will vary depending on the price of the distillers grains. In addition, it is likely that a marketer may require a significant payment to become a member of the marketing group. We do not currently have an agreement with a marketer and we may not be able to enter into such an agreement on favorable terms or at all. We intend to market our distillers grains to the swine, dairy and beef cattle primarily to markets existing in the states where our plants are expected to be located. We may also try and export our ethanol using the ports located near our proposed plants.
DISTILLERS GRAINS MARKETS
According to the Renewable Fuels Association's Ethanol Industry Outlook (2008), dairy and beef cattle accounted for over 80% of the total consumption of distillers grains in 2007. In recent years, an increasing amount of distillers grains has been used in the swine and poultry markets. With the advancement of research into the feeding rations of poultry and swine, we expect these markets to expand and create additional demand for distillers grains; however, no assurance can be given that these markets will in fact expand, or if they do, that we will benefit from it. The market for distillers grains is generally confined to locations where freight costs allow it to be competitively priced against other feed ingredients. Distillers grains competes with three other feed formulations: corn gluten feed, dry brewers grain and mill feeds. The primary value of these products as animal feed is their protein content. Dry brewers grain and distillers grains have about the same protein content, and corn gluten feed and mill feeds have slightly lower protein contents.
DISTILLERS GRAINS PRICING
Historically, the price of distillers grains has been relatively steady. Various factors affect the price of distillers grains, including, among others, the price of corn, soybean meal and other alternative feed products, and the general supply and demand of domestic and international markets for distillers grains. We believe that unless demand increases, the price of distillers grains may be subject to future downward pressure as the supply of distillers grains increases because of increased ethanol production. The chart below provides a comparison of the recent prices of corn and distillers grains. Although it is likely that prices for distillers grains will continue to correspond to corn prices, it is also possible that prices for distillers grains could be impacted by the availability of other substitute feed products.
Source: PRX Geographic
RAW MATERIALS – CRITICAL INPUTS
CORN FEEDSTOCK SUPPLY
The Southeast United States, where we expect our operations to be based, is a corn-deficit region as demonstrated by the table below. We anticipate that our plants will need approximately 176 million bushels of grain per year for our dry milling process which represents almost 85% of the Southeast’s total projected corn production. We expect to have to rail in the majority of our corn from the Eastern corn-belt. As an illustration, in order to meet 25% of our plants’ corn needs, the Southeast will have to increase production by at least 252 million bushels, which can be done by converting 200,000 irrigated acres currently used for other crops to corn. Since 200,000 irrigated acres represents only 6.7% of the region’s 3 million irrigated acres, we believe this is feasible but we can provide no assurance or guarantee that the conversion will occur to this extent or at all.
Projected Southeast Corn Production, 2007-08
STATE | | Annual Corn Production (million bushels) | | Annual Corn Deficit (million bushels) | | Irrigated Acres (millions) | |
Alabama | | | 16 | | | -178 | | | .871 | |
Georgia | | | 55 | | | -140 | | | 1.815 | |
Florida | | | 3 | | | -21 | | | .095 | |
North Carolina | | | 97 | | | -268 | | | .203 | |
South Carolina | | | 37 | | | -40 | | | .109 | |
TOTALS | | | 208 | | | -647 | | | 3.09 | |
Source: PRX Geographic
We expect that our rail partners will be Norfolk Southern Corporation, CSX Corporation, Bayline Railroad and Lancaster & Chester Railway. Although we currently do not have any agreements with these railroads, we anticipate securing agreements prior to commencing operations. A chief part of our strategy has been to select plant sites that will enable our plants to share railcars. Thus, we expect to be able to consolidate and manage a deck of trains for our four plants rather than a set of trains for each of the plants.
We will be significantly dependent on the availability and price of corn. The price at which we will purchase corn will depend on prevailing market prices. There is no assurance that a shortage will not develop, particularly if there are other ethanol plants competing for corn, an extended drought or other production problems; although we hope to diminish the impact of these potential problems as much as possible through a contractual agreement with a professional grain marketing firm. Current corn prices are substantially higher than the ten-year average price of corn. Higher corn prices will reduce our profitability. In addition, new corn demand within a market can have varying impacts on the corn price.
Grain prices are primarily dependent on world feedstuffs supply and demand and on U.S. and global corn crop production, which can be volatile as a result of a number of factors, the most important of which are weather, current and anticipated stocks and prices, export prices and supports and the government’s current and anticipated agricultural policy. Historical grain pricing information indicates that the price of grain has fluctuated significantly in the past and may fluctuate significantly in the future. Ethanol producers are generally not able to compensate for increases in the cost of grain feedstock through adjustments in prices charged for their ethanol. We, therefore, anticipate that our plants’ profitability will be negatively impacted during periods of high corn prices. The following charts present recent data on the usage of corn by ethanol plants and the United States Department of Agriculture’s expectation of corn usage by ethanol plants until 2015:
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Source: Renewable Fuels Association, Ethanol Industry Outlook 2008
The chart below shows average corn prices from January 2003 to the present time in Kansas City, Kansas and reflects recent increases in the per bushel price of corn:
Source: The Jacobsen
NATURAL GAS
Natural gas prices have historically fluctuated dramatically, which could significantly affect the profitability of our operations. Natural gas prices increased sharply when Hurricanes Katrina and Rita devastated operations and impacted infrastructure on the Gulf Coast. Our natural gas costs could be prohibitively high if current price levels significantly increase. The following table shows the spot price in the Chicago market at the beginning of each month for the 2001-2008 time period as reported by the Energy Information Administration.
United States Natural Gas Industrial Price 2001-2008
(Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet)
Month | | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 | | 2002 | | 2001 | |
JAN | | | 8.19 | | | 7.33 | | | 10.84 | | | 7.06 | | | 6.72 | | | 5.65 | | | 4.05 | | | 8.84 | |
FEB | | | 8.92 | | | 8.23 | | | 9.35 | | | 7.15 | | | 6.52 | | | 6.40 | | | 3.70 | | | 7.21 | |
MAR | | | 9.63 | | | 8.40 | | | 8.23 | | | 7.12 | | | 5.97 | | | 8.27 | | | 3.78 | | | 6.30 | |
APR | | | 10.02 | | | 8.13 | | | 7.91 | | | 7.71 | | | 6.06 | | | 5.96 | | | 3.64 | | | 6.08 | |
MAY | | | 11.33 | | | 8.10 | | | 7.62 | | | 7.19 | | | 6.34 | | | 5.78 | | | 4.07 | | | 5.46 | |
JUN | | | 12.07 | | | 7.98 | | | 6.90 | | | 6.91 | | | 6.82 | | | 6.59 | | | 3.86 | | | 4.75 | |
JUL | | | | | | 7.54 | | | 6.77 | | | 7.40 | | | 6.41 | | | 5.69 | | | 3.80 | | | 4.10 | |
AUG | | | | | | 6.54 | | | 7.35 | | | 7.98 | | | 6.36 | | | 5.28 | | | 3.62 | | | 3.99 | |
SEP | | | | | | 6.11 | | | 7.20 | | | 10.18 | | | 5.68 | | | 5.32 | | | 3.89 | | | 3.50 | |
OCT | | | | | | 6.85 | | | 5.62 | | | 12.06 | | | 6.03 | | | 4.93 | | | 4.18 | | | 3.18 | |
NOV | | | | | | 7.63 | | | 7.74 | | | 12.11 | | | 7.64 | | | 5.19 | | | 4.72 | | | 3.88 | |
DEC | | | | | | 7.97 | | | 8.23 | | | 11.17 | | | 7.54 | | | 5.90 | | | 4.92 | | | 3.69 | |
WATER SUPPLY
We will require a significant supply of water. While much of the water used in an ethanol plant is recycled back into the process, there are certain areas of production where fresh water is needed. Those areas include boiler makeup water and cooling tower water. Boiler makeup water is treated on-site to minimize all elements that will harm the boiler and recycled water cannot be used for this process. Cooling tower water is deemed non-contact water because it does not come in contact with the mash, and, therefore, can be regenerated back into the cooling tower process. The makeup water requirements for the cooling tower are primarily a result of evaporation. Depending on the type of technology utilized in the plant design, much of the water can be recycled back into the process, which will minimize the discharge water. This will have the long-term effect of lowering wastewater treatment costs. Many new plants today are zero or near zero effluent discharge facilities. We anticipate our plant design will incorporate an ICM/Phoenix Bio-Methanator wastewater treatment process. The ICM/Phoenix Bio-Methanator is expected to result in a zero discharge of plant process water. Permits will be required for all water usage. We expect to engage ICM, Inc. to assist us in applying for the necessary permits; however, there is no assurance that we will be able to obtain the requisite permits to use the water we need to operate the plant. In the event we are unable to locate a sufficient supply of water at our proposed sites, we would have to either locate an alternative plant location or abandon the project.
PLANT SITE INFORMATION
We anticipate building our plants in Wayne County, Georgia; Jackson County, Florida; Chester County, South Carolina and Northampton County, North Carolina. We reserve the right, in the sole discretion of our board of directors, to select different locations for the plants. All of our potential ethanol plant sites are expected to be conveniently located near major highways, railroads and ports. Furthermore, we have carefully investigated potential sources of electricity, natural gas and water for each plant site, and these are detailed below. As of the present time, we have not entered into any agreement with any energy or water providers. While we anticipate entering into definitive agreements with the providers listed below, we may enter into contracts with other entities if their terms are more favorable.
The map below demonstrates the approximate locations where we currently expect to build our ethanol plants (FLEL refers to our Florida site; AEL refers to our Georgia site; PAF refers to our South Carolina site; and MAEL refers to our North Carolina site):
GEORGIA PLANT SITE
Location
We expect to locate the plant in Wayne County, Georgia approximately 14 miles southeast of Jesup on U.S. Highway 341/25. The property consists of 350 acres located in a proposed 890 acre industrial park owned by the Wayne County Industrial Development Authority (IDA). We are currently negotiating with Wayne County IDA for the conveyance of the real property at no charge after a ten year property tax abatement period; however no agreement has yet been executed. A Memorandum of Understanding detailing this agreement is being negotiated with the IDA. The land is currently agricultural timberland and Wayne County does not require zoning for property uses. Mr. Mike Deal, the current Wayne County Administrator, has provided a letter confirming that the construction of an ethanol plant fits the Wayne County land use plan for this property.
Regional Map of Jessup, Georgia Identifying Major Roads and Ports
Railroad Infrastructure
The site has approximately one mile of rail frontage along the Norfolk Southern (NS) main line running from Brunswick to Macon, Georgia. In response to this project, Norfolk Southern is adding a $4 million rail siding approximately 16 miles north of the plant site. Norfolk Southern provided the initial rail conceptual design for this project and Transystems is currently developing a final rail design for the plant.
Fuel Terminals
Multiple fuel terminal facilities are located within trucking distance of the plant site. The table below details distance to all terminals within 125 miles of the site and their liquid fuel capacities (data taken from the 2007 Petroleum Terminal Encyclopedia, OPIS/Stalsby.) In addition, the nearby ports of Savannah and Jacksonville will give us the opportunity to ship ethanol to markets in South Florida via tanker.
Terminals Within 125 Mile Radius of Jesup, Georgia
Location | | Distance (miles) | | Terminals | | Total Capacity (MM gal) | |
Savannah, GA | | | 65 | | | 2 | | | 150.0 | |
Jacksonville, FL | | | 95 | | | 6 | | | 136.0 | |
Macon, GA | | | 125 | | | 6 | | | 39.5 | |
N. Augusta, SC | | | 125 | | | 5 | | | 49.5 | |
Ft. Lauderdale, FL* | | | 375 | | | 11 | | | 118.5 | |
TOTAL | | | | | | 30 | | | 493.5 | |
*Terminals in Ft. Lauderdale, FL can be accessed via tanker ship through the ports of Savannah or Jacksonville.
Road Infrastructure
The plant site is located on U.S. Highway 341, a four-lane, divided access highway that provides excellent access to Interstate 95, the primary transportation corridor along the east coast. The Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) has indicated that the northbound deceleration lane on Highway 341 will need to be extended and that the grade crossing onto the property will need to be upgraded. We anticipate that the Georgia Department of Community Affairs will provide approximately $450,000 in incentives to the IDA to be used for these upgrades.
The energy specifications for the plant include 9.5 megawatts of electricity annually and 480 MM Btu’s of natural gas per hour at 60 psi. Georgia Power can service the electrical needs of the plant from a substation located 1 mile to the southwest of the plant. Okefenokee EMC will be asked to provide a bid for this service as well. Natural gas is available from an Atlanta Gas Light main line running parallel to the northeast boundary of the property. Estimated capital costs for gas, including metering station and pipeline, are $500,000.
In addition, the plant will require 1.5 million gallons of water per day and discharge up to 375,000 gallons of process water per day. Two 12-inch industrial wells and one 4-inch potable well will be installed at the site. All well permits have been applied for and are currently in the review process. Process water will be discharged into an intermittent stream on site.
Port Facilities
The plant site provides easy access to the port of Brunswick, Georgia (45 miles), the port of Savannah, Georgia (65 miles), and the port of Jacksonville, Florida (95 miles). Easy access to ports will allow us to ship ethanol anywhere on the east coast. It is also expected that these three ports will open significant export opportunities for dried distillers grains into the Caribbean, Mexican, and Latin American markets.
Design Build Agreement
We have entered into a letter of intent for the negotiation and execution of a design-build agreement with Fagen, Inc. Please see “MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OR PLAN OF OPERATION – Plant Construction and Start-Up of Plant Operations – Letters of Intent with Fagen, Inc.”
FLORIDA PLANT SITE
Location
We expect to locate the plant in Jackson County, Florida approximately two miles southeast of Campbellton on Highway 273 just west of U.S. Highway 231. The property consists of 296 acres and is currently being used as farmland (primarily row crops). Jackson County does not require zoning for property uses. We have an option contract with the seller of this property that was assigned to us by the Jackson County Development Council. The total purchase price for the property will be $2,072,000 at $7,000 per acre. The option contract affords us an appreciable period of time to conduct due diligence on this site, and we are currently doing so.
Regional Map of Campbellton, Florida Identifying Major Roads and Ports
Railroad Infrastructure
The site is on an abandoned rail spur (formerly known as the Graceville Line) approximately 1/4 mile west of the Bayline Railroad’s main line. The Bayline Railroad (owned by Genesee & Wyoming) is a short line that runs north-south from Dothan, Alabama to Panama City, Florida with connections to both Norfolk Southern and CSX in Dothan. We expect this dual rail access may give us significant leverage when negotiating grain delivery contracts for this plant.
Bayline owns the right of way along the abandoned spur to the plant site. We are negotiating with Genesee & Wyoming to provide us with funds for rail infrastructure and improvements at the plant site. Transystems is currently producing a rail conceptual design.
Fuel Terminals
Multiple fuel terminal facilities are located within trucking distance of the plant site. The table below details distance to all terminals within 125 miles of the site and their liquid fuel capacities (data taken from the 2007 Petroleum Terminal Encyclopedia, OPIS/Stalsby.) In addition, the port of Panama City will give us the opportunity to ship ethanol to terminals in Tampa via tanker.
Terminals Within 125 Mile Radius of Campbellton, Florida
Location | | Distance (miles) | | Terminals | | Total Capacity (MM gal) | |
Bainbridge, GA | | | 40 | | | 2 | | | 18.0 | |
Panama City, FL | | | 60 | | | 1 | | | 7.5 | |
Freeport, FL | | | 60 | | | 1 | | | 4.0 | |
Niceville, FL | | | 60 | | | 1 | | | 5.5 | |
Albany, GA | | | 80 | | | 3 | | | 20.0 | |
Americus, GA | | | 100 | | | 1 | | | 3.5 | |
Columbus, GA | | | 100 | | | 3 | | | 1.5 | |
Montgomery, AL | | | 110 | | | 6 | | | 34.0 | |
Pensacola, FL | | | 125 | | | 2 | | | 8.0 | |
Tampa, FL* | | | 275 | | | 12 | | | 242.0 | |
TOTAL | | | | | | 32 | | | 344.0 | |
* The Tampa terminals can be accessed via tanker ship through the port of Panama City.
Road Infrastructure
The plant site is located on Highway 273, a two lane county road about 1 mile west of U.S. Highway 231. Highway 231 is a four-lane divided access highway that provides access to Interstate 10 about 10 miles south of the plant site. I-10 is the major east-west transportation corridor through the panhandle of Florida over to Jacksonville.
Utilities
The energy specifications for the plant include 9.5 megawatts of electricity annually and 480 MM Btu’s of natural gas per hour at 60 psi. West Florida EMC can service the plant’s electrical needs from a substation located two miles to the northeast of the property. Natural gas is located approximately four miles north of the site at the Alabama state line. We expect that Florida Gas Transmission, Southeast Alabama Gas, and the city of Marianna will bid for service to the plant. Jackson County, Florida is designated by the state as an Area of Economic Concern, which may enable the Jackson County Development Council (“JCDC”) to receive both federal and state grants related to this project.
In addition, the plant will require approximately 1.2 million gallons of water per day and discharge up to 200,000 gallons of process water per day. Two industrial wells and one potable well will be installed at the site. We are exploring several options for discharging the plant process water. These include spray field irrigation, ground injection, and an on-site detention pond. Jackson County has also committed to upgrade the water and sewer systems for the city of Campbellton due to the presence of the ethanol plant.
Port Facilities
We believe port access is vital to the success of this plant. The port of Panama City is located 60 miles south of the plant site. Port access will allow ethanol to be shipped by tanker to markets in Tampa and South Florida. In addition, we expect that dried distillers grains from the plant will be exported to markets in Mexico and Latin America.
Design Build Agreement
We have entered into a letter of intent for the negotiation and execution of a design-build agreement with Fagen, Inc. Please see “MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OR PLAN OF OPERATION – Plant Construction and Start-Up of Plant Operations – Letters of Intent with Fagen, Inc.”
NORTH CAROLINA PLANT SITE
Location
We currently expect to locate the plant in Northampton County, North Carolina. We recently secured an option on an approximately 320 acre parcel in this area. The total purchase price for this property is approximately $2,400,000 at $7,500 per acre. We also have an option to purchase an adjacent 94 acre parcel for a total price of approximately $705,000 at $7,500 per acre. We are currently conducting due diligence on these properties to ensure that they are satisfactory for the construction of an ethanol plant. It is possible that we may decide not to construct a plant in North Carolina altogether and instead construct it in another Southeastern state including one of the states where we currently expect to construct plants – Georgia, Florida or South Carolina.
Regional Map of Northampton County, NC
Railroad Infrastructure
The plant site fronts approximately 3,500 feet on the CSX Norfolk mainline track. While neither a rail spur nor sidings are present as of the current time, CSX representatives have advised us that the site topography and length of track frontage are favorable for construction of rail facilities. The initial rail conceptual design for this project was produced by Transystems and it will be responsible for the development of the final rail design for the plant.
Fuel Terminals
Multiple fuel terminal facilities are located within trucking distance of the plant site. The table below details distance to all terminals within 125 miles of the site and their liquid fuel capacities (data taken from the 2007 Petroleum Terminal Encyclopedia, OPIS/Stalsby.)
Terminals within 150 Mile Radius of Seaboard, NC
Location | | Terminals | | Capacity (MM gal) | |
Selma, NC | | | 11 | | | 68 | |
Apex, NC | | | 1 | | | 5.5 | |
Fayetteville, NC | | | 2 | | | 5.3 | |
Greensboro, NC | | | 8 | | | 132.9 | |
Chesapeake, VA | | | 10 | | | 146.9 | |
Norfolk, VA | | | 2 | | | 19 | |
Richmond, VA | | | 10 | | | 115.6 | |
TOTAL | | | 44 | | | 493.2 | |
Road Infrastructure
The plant site is located on Highway 186 and State Road 1313. Trucks from the plant will have access to Interstate 95 via NC-46 and NC-48.
Utilities
This plant is expected to require approximately 480 MM Btus of natural gas per hour at 60 psi and 12.5 megawatts of electricity annually. The site currently is served by Dominion North Carolina Power via a circuit located at the northern boundary of the site. Additional services will be installed for additional industrial project phases. Further, a twenty-inch, 250 psi Transco Natural Gas Transmission (“Transco”) line crosses within 1000 feet of the eastern boundary of the site potentially allowing direct purchase/transport agreements with Transco.
In addition, the plant will require approximately 1.2 million gallons of water per day and discharge up to 200,000 gallons of process water per day. We intend to obtain permits for on-site wells and will apply for a NPDES permit to discharge the process water. Local municipal water and sewer capabilities are available through the Northampton County Public Works in the event these permits cannot be obtained.
Port Facilities
The port of Norfolk is located approximately 75 miles northeast of the plant site.
Design Build Agreement
We are currently performing site due diligence on the Northampton County site and expect to enter into a letter of intent for the negotiation and execution of a design-build agreement with Fagen, Inc., once the due diligence process is complete. Please see “MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OR PLAN OF OPERATION – Plant Construction and Start-Up of Plant Operations – Letters of Intent with Fagen, Inc.”
SOUTH CAROLINA PLANT SITE
Location
We expect to locate the plant in Chester County, South Carolina just southeast of the city of Chester on Beltline Road. We have an option on an approximately 319 acre property in this area. The total purchase price of the property is approximately $2,475,000 at $7,500 per acre. We are currently conducting due diligence on this property to ensure that it is satisfactory for the construction of an ethanol plant. Engineers at Fagen, Inc. have indicated that the results of our seismic tests at this plant site may require additional engineering and materials costs; however, their evaluation is ongoing and no firm estimate of the additional cost has yet been provided. The property has been appropriately zoned to allow construction of an ethanol plant.
Regional Map of Chester, South Carolina Identifying Major Roads and Ports
Railroad Infrastructure
The site is on the Lancaster & Chester Railroad, a short line with connections to Norfolk Southern in both Lancaster, South Carolina and Chester, South Carolina and a connection with CSX in East Chester, SC. Like the Florida plant, this dual rail access may prove advantageous when negotiating rail transportation contracts with CSX and Norfolk Southern.
Fuel Terminals
Multiple fuel terminal facilities are located within trucking distance of the plant site. The table below details distance to all terminals within 125 miles of the site and their liquid fuel capacities (data taken from the 2007 Petroleum Terminal Encyclopedia, OPIS/Stalsby.)
Terminals Within 125 Mile Radius of Chester, SC
Location | | Distance (miles) | | Terminals | | Total Capacity (MM gal) | |
Spartanburg, SC | | | 55 | | | 7 | | | 58.2 | |
Charlotte, NC | | | 50 | | | 11 | | | 97.3 | |
Belton, SC | | | 90 | | | 3 | | | 29.2 | |
N. Augusta, SC | | | 120 | | | 5 | | | 49.4 | |
TOTAL | | | | | | 26 | | | 234.1 | |
Our South Carolina plant is located on the Lancaster & Chester Railroad. A rail conceptual design for this plant is currently under consideration. Fuel terminals with an aggregate capacity of over 230 million gallons are located within 125 miles of the plant site.
The plant site is located on Beltline Road, a two-lane county road with quick access to South Carolina Highway 9. Since several residential homes are located just south of the plant site, we are working with Transystems to secure a plant entrance with immediate access to Highway 9. Trucks from the plant will travel approximately 8 miles east on Highway 9 to Interstate 77. I-77 runs north to Charlotte, NC and south to Columbia, SC.
Utilities
Natural gas can be provided at the required capacity (480 MM Btus per hour at 60 psi)) by the Chester County Natural Gas Authority (“CCNGA”). CCNGA plans to upgrade and lengthen three existing natural gas lines to a single point on the property. We expect that all infrastructure upgrades would be completed by CCGNA at no cost to us. Duke Energy currently has overhead transmission lines that bisect the property. They have indicated that these lines could be relocated at no cost to us (should they interfere with the site layout) and that they can meet the electricity needs (9.5 megawatts annually plus an additional 5.5 megawatts for an over-the-fence carbon dioxide partner) of the plant.
We plan to obtain permits for on-site wells to meet the estimated 1.2 million gallons per day water needs of the plant. An application will be made for an NPDES permit to discharge the estimated 200,000 gallons per day of process water. Local municipal water and sewer capacities are available through the Chester Metropolitan District/Chester Sewer District in the event these permits cannot be obtained. The Chester County Sewer District Wastewater Treatment Plant is located immediately east of the plant site.
Port Facilities
The port of Charleston is located approximately 160 miles southeast of the plant site.
Design-Build Agreement
We have entered into a letter of intent for the negotiation and execution of a design-build agreement with Fagen, Inc. Please see “MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OR PLAN OF OPERATION – Plant Construction and Start-Up of Plant Operations – Letters of Intent with Fagen, Inc.”
THERMAL OXIDIZER
Ethanol plants such as ours may produce odors in the production of ethanol and its co-products, which some people may find unpleasant. We intend to eliminate odors by routing dryer emissions through thermal oxidizers. Based upon materials and information from ICM, Inc., we expect thermal oxidation to significantly reduce any unpleasant odors caused by the ethanol and distillers grains manufacturing process. We expect thermal oxidation, which burns emissions, will eliminate a significant amount of the volatile organic carbon compounds in emissions that cause odor in the drying process and allow us to meet the applicable permitting requirements. We also expect this addition to the ethanol plants to reduce, but not entirely eliminate, the risk of possible nuisance claims and any related negative public reaction against us.
EMPLOYEES
Although we have engaged certain individuals as independent contractors, we currently do not have any employees. We have executed consulting agreements with some of our officers and directors. Please see “EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION – Consulting Agreements With Directors.” Prior to completion of plant construction and commencement of operations, we intend to hire approximately 42 full-time employees per plant for a total of 168 full-time employees. We may hire additional employees for purposes of qualifying for various state and local grants or incentives/ We expect that approximately six of our employees will be involved primarily in management and administration and the remainder will be involved primarily in plant operations. The following table represents some of the anticipated positions within each of our plants and the approximate number of individuals we expect will be full-time personnel at each plant:
Position | | # Full-Time Personnel/Plant | |
Plant Manager | | | 1 | |
Office/Administrative | | | 1 | |
Production Supervisors | | | 4 | |
Operating Workers | | | 12 | |
Maintenance & Repair Workers | | | 4 | |
Licensed Boiler Operators | | | 2 | |
Welders, Cutters, Solders, Brazers | | | 2 | |
Electrician/Electrical Engineering | | | 1 | |
Laboratory Manager | | | 1 | |
Laboratory Assistants | | | 2 | |
Truck Attendants/Entry Level Floaters | | | 6 | |
Grain Sampling and Records | | | 2 | |
Rail Attendants | | | 2 | |
Technician | | | 1 | |
Utilities, Maintenance & Safety Manager | | | 1 | |
TOTAL | | | 42 per plant | |
The positions, titles, job responsibilities and number allocated to each position may differ when we begin to employ individuals for each position. We intend to enter into written confidentiality and assignment agreements with our key officers and employees. Among other things, these agreements will require such officers and employees to keep all proprietary information developed or used by us in the course of our business strictly confidential.
Our success will depend in part on our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel at a competitive wage and benefit level. We must hire qualified managers and other personnel. There is no assurance that we will be successful in attracting and retaining qualified personnel at a wage and benefit structure at or below those we have assumed in our project. If we are unsuccessful in this regard, we may not be competitive with other ethanol plants and your investment may lose value.
MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS – C. THOMPSON & ASSOCIATES
We have contracted with a management consulting firm, C. Thompson & Associates (“Thompson”) not affiliated with Julius P. Thompson III, one of our directors, to assist us with all aspects of our project. More specifically, we expect Thompson to assist us in contracting with raw material providers and water and energy suppliers, obtaining the permits required before we can commence construction of the ethanol plants, identifying potential lenders and identifying and recruiting personnel for our plants. We will pay Thompson $100 per hour for services rendered and $750,000 for each plant site for which we secure funding for. Finally we will pay Thompson 2.0% of net income of each of our facilities every year for the first 10 years that they are operational. Thompson will remain an independent contractor during the time we are associated with it.
INDEPENDENT CONSULTANT – LAMAR DeLOACH
We have contracted with Lamar DeLoach (“DeLoach”) to assist us in completing our project by providing developmental and consulting services. More specifically, DeLoach will have primary responsibility for public relations relating to our communications concerning our business activities, apprising our Board of Directors of the status of our projects and generally assisting us in the development and construction of our facilities. Mr. DeLoach has extensive experience in business development in the communities surrounding the Georgia project site. In addition, Mr. DeLoach is particularly equipped to provide and supervise public relations based upon his experience with representing and speaking to the public including the press and regulatory agencies on behalf of a large number of tobacco producers in connection with a large tobacco settlement agreement. We will pay DeLoach $120,000 per year. DeLoach will remain an independent contractor during the time we are associated with him.
REGULATORY PERMITS
All of our ethanol plants will be subject to extensive air, water and other environmental regulations and we will need to obtain a number of environmental permits to construct and operate the plants. In addition, it is likely that our senior debt financing will be contingent on our ability to obtain the various required environmental permits. While we do not anticipate any difficulties in obtaining the required permits, if we are unable to obtain the required permits, construction costs for the plant may increase, or the plant may not be constructed at all. The following table provides information about most of the permits required before our ethanol plants can become operational:
| | Preparer | | Status | | Approximate Filing Date | | Anticipated Approval Date | |
Georgia | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Well Permits | | | EMC | | | Filed | | | 9/24/2007 | | | 11/1/2008 | |
Waste Water Discharge Permit | | | EMC | | | Pending | | | 10/1/2008 | | | 11/1/2008 | |
Air Permit | | | Fagen | | | Pending | | | 10/1/2008 | | | 10/1/2008 | |
Storm Water Discharge Permit | | | Fagen | | | Pending | | | 10/1/2008 | | | 10/1/2008 | |
Wetlands Permit | | | ESI | | | Filed | | | 3/15/2008 | | | 9/15/2008 | |
Florida | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Well Permits | | | Fagen | | | Pending | | | 10/1/2008 | | | 10/15/2008 | |
Waste Water Discharge Permit | | | Fagen | | | Pending | | | 10/1/2008 | | | 11/1/2008 | |
Air Permit | | | Fagen | | | Pending | | | 10/1/2008 | | | 11/1/2008 | |
Storm Water Discharge Permit | | | Fagen | | | Pending | | | 10/1/2008 | | | 11/1/2008 | |
Wetlands Permit | | | Melvin Engineering | | | Pending | | | 10/1/2008 | | | 11/1/2008 | |
North Carolina | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Well Permits | | | To Be Determined | | | Pending | | | 10/1/2008 | | | 11/1/2008 | |
Waste Water Discharge Permit | | | To Be Determined | | | Pending | | | 10/1/2008 | | | 11/1/2008 | |
Air Permit | | | To Be Determined | | | Pending | | | 10/1/2008 | | | 1/1/2009 | |
Storm Water Discharge Permit | | | To Be Determined | | | Pending | | | 10/1/2008 | | | 12/1/2008 | |
Wetlands Permit | | | To Be Determined | | | Pending | | | 10/1/2008 | | | 2/1/2009 | |
South Carolina | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Waste Water Discharge Permit | | | To Be Determined | | | Pending | | | 10/1/2008 | | | 9/1/2008 | |
Above Ground Storage Tanks Permit | | | To Be Determined | | | Pending | | | 10/1/2008 | | | 10/1/2008 | |
Air Permit | | | To Be Determined | | | Pending | | | 10/1/2008 | | | 10/1/2008 | |
Storm Water Discharge Permit | | | To Be Determined | | | Pending | | | 10/1/2008 | | | 11/1/2008 | |
Wetlands Permit | | | To Be Determined | | | Pending | | | 10/1/2008 | | | 12/1/2008 | |
Construction, Operation and Title V Air Permits
There will be a number of emission sources at our plants that are expected to require permits. These sources include the boiler, ethanol process equipment, storage tanks, scrubbers, and bag houses. The types of regulated pollutants that are expected to be emitted from our plants include particulate matter (“PM10”), carbon monoxide (“CO”), nitrous oxides (“NOx”) and volatile organic compounds (“VOCs”). If the limitations contained in these permits are exceeded, we could be subjected to expensive fines, penalties, injunctive relief, and civil or criminal law enforcement actions.
It is also possible that in order to comply with applicable air regulations that we would have to install additional air pollution control equipment such as additional or different scrubbers or thermal oxidizers. We anticipate submitting an application for these permits approximately 120 days prior to the beginning of construction for each plant. We may, however, begin preliminary dirt moving and site excavation at our own risk before we have obtained such permits. However, we may not begin concrete work until we have received the permits. Once we have formally applied for these permits, we expect that we will obtain the construction permit within six months. If granted, the permits will be valid until the plant is modified or there is a process change that changes air emission estimates, at which time an appropriate modification will be applied for. Although we currently do not anticipate any significant problems, there can be no assurance that the applicable governmental agencies will grant us these permits.
New Source Performance Standards
We anticipate that the plants will also be subject to the New Source Performance Standards (“NSPS”) for both the plants’ distillation processes and the storage of VOCs used in the denaturing process. The NSPS are national standards of performance that are set by the EPA for categories of new or modified stationary sources. The purpose of the NSPS is to prevent deterioration of air quality from the construction of new sources and reduce control costs by building pollution controls into the initial design of plants. The standards are based on the emission rate that can be achieved through the use of the best adequately demonstrated technology. However, factors such as cost and environmental effect are also taken into account. Duties imposed by the NSPS include initial notification, emission limits, compliance and monitoring requirements and recordkeeping requirements.
Maximum Achievable Control Technology Limits
On February 26, 2004 the EPA Administrator signed the final Maximum Achievable Control Technology (“MACT”) Standards for Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Boilers and Process Heaters (40 CFR § 63 Subpart DDDDD). The regulation applies to any boiler or process heater that is located at or is part of a major source of Hazardous Air Pollutants (“HAP(s)”), which by definition annually emits more than 10 tons of a single HAP or more than 25 tons of total combined HAPs. We anticipate that each plant will individually not emit more than 10 tons of a single HAP or more than 25 tons of total combined HAPs. If our plants exceed those limits, then in addition to meeting Title V permitting requirements, the plants will be subject to particulate matter or total selected metals, hydrogen chloride, mercury, and/or carbon monoxide limits.
Waste Water Discharge Permit
Our engineers expect that our plants will not discharge process wastewater. We expect that we will use water to cool our closed circuit systems in the plant. In order to maintain a high quality of water for the cooling system, the water will be continuously replaced with make-up water. As a result, this plant will discharge clean, non-contact cooling water from boilers and the cooling towers. Several discharge options, including publicly owned treatment works, use of a holding pond, discharge to a receiving stream, subsurface infiltration, irrigation and other options are under consideration by our consulting engineers and us. Each of these options will require an appropriate NPDES permit. Until all of these options have been fully investigated, there remains a risk that no single option will result in a solution that does not require unanticipated additional treatment expense. We anticipate applying for a waste water discharge permit for the Georgia plant within the next 30 days and for our remaining plants shortly thereafter.
Industrial Well and Portable Well Withdrawal Permits
Each of our proposed plant sites (except our proposed plant site in South Carolina) will require industrial well withdrawal and potable well withdrawal permits. We have applied for the permits in Georgia and we expect to submit permit applications for North Carolina and Florida proposed plant sites in the near future.
Storm Water Discharge Permit and Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP Permits)
Each of our proposed sites will require permits for any storm water runoff generated from site grading and preparation. While we have not applied for any permits in this regard, we expect to do so shortly.
Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasures Plan
Before we can begin operations, we must prepare a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (“SPCC”) plan in accordance with the guidelines contained in 40 CFR § 112. This plan will address oil pollution prevention regulations and must be reviewed and certified by a professional engineer. The SPCC must be reviewed and updated every three years.
High Capacity Well Permit
Once we assess our water needs and available supply, we will need to drill new high capacity wells to meet the plants’ water needs. We will need to apply for various permits from the states where we propose to construct our ethanol plants. We expect to apply for such permits shortly.
Risk Management Plan
Pursuant to the Clean Air Act, stationary sources, such as our plants with processes that contain more than a threshold quantity of a regulated substance are required to prepare and implement a risk management plan (“RMP”). We will use either anhydrous ammonia or aqua ammonia in our production process. If we use anhydrous ammonia, we must establish a prevention program to prevent spills or leaks of the ammonia and an emergency response program in the event of spills, leaks, explosions or other events that may lead to the release of ammonia into the surrounding area. The same requirement may also be true for the denaturant we blend with the ethanol produced at the plants. This determination will be made as soon as the exact chemical makeup of the denaturant is obtained. We will need to conduct a hazard assessment and prepare models to assess the impact of an ammonia and/or denaturant release into the surrounding area. The program will be presented at one or more public meetings. However, if aqua ammonia is used, no RMP will be needed, except for the possibility of that required for denaturant as discussed above. Any necessary RMP must be filed before the use of a regulated substance.
In addition, it is likely that we will have to comply with the prevention requirements under Occupational Safety and Health Management’s (“OSHA”) Process Safety Management Standard. These requirements are similar to the RMP requirements.
Zoning/Land Use Permit
Our proposed Florida site has been annexed by the city of Campbelltown.
Wetland Permit
All of our four proposed plant sites will impact wetlands to varying degrees and consequently we will need to obtain permits from the Army Corps of Engineers. A permit application for the Georgia site is currently being prepared and we expect to submit it in the next 30 days. We anticipate applying for the wetland permits for our South Carolina and Florida plant sites shortly thereafter.
Environmental Protection Agency
Even if we obtain all the environmental permits required by the states where are plants will be constructed, we will also be subject to EPA rules and regulations. There is always a risk that the EPA may enforce certain rules and regulations differently than state environmental administrators. Recent cases have upheld the EPA’s right to conduct oversight of state air programs. The rules of the various states and the EPA are subject to change, and any such changes could result in greater regulatory burdens.
NUISANCE
Ethanol production has been known to produce an odor to which surrounding residents could object, and may also increase dust in the area due to our operations and the transportation of grain to the plants and ethanol and distillers dried grains from the plants. Such activities could subject us to nuisance, trespass or similar claims by employees or property owners or residents in the vicinity of the plants. To help minimize the risk of nuisance claims based on odors related to the production of ethanol and its byproducts, we intend to install a thermal oxidizer in the plants. See “DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS – Thermal Oxidizer” for additional information. Nonetheless, any such claims, or increased costs to address complaints, may reduce our cash flows and have a negative impact on our financial performance. Further, we may install a dust collection system to limit the emission of dust. We are not currently involved in any litigation involving nuisance claims.
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, PROMOTERS AND CONTROL PERSONS
Our operating agreement provides that our permanent board of directors will be comprised of no fewer than 7 and no more than 13 members. We have 17 directors on our initial board of directors. The initial board of directors will serve until the first annual or special meeting of the members following the date on which substantial operations of the ethanol plants commence. If our project suffers delays due to financing or construction, our initial board of directors could serve for an extended period of time. In that event, your only recourse to replace these directors would be through an amendment to our operating agreement, which could be difficult to accomplish.
Directors shall be elected by a plurality vote of the members and shall serve staggered terms. Upon the expiration of the initial board, the first group of directors shall serve for one year, the second group shall serve for two years, and the third group shall serve for three years. The successors for each group of directors shall be elected for a 3-year term and at that point, roughly one-third of the total number of directors will be elected by the members each year. Prior to expiration of the initial directors’ terms, the initial directors shall identify the director positions to be elected and so classify each Group I (serving one year), Group II (serving two years), or Group III (serving three years). Because these directors will serve on the board for staggered terms, it will be difficult for our members to replace such directors. In that event, your only recourse to replace these directors would be through an amendment to our operating agreement, which could be difficult to accomplish. Our board of directors serve staggered terms because a staggered board provides leadership continuity since all the directors cannot potentially be replaced at the same election. Additionally, a staggered board makes us less susceptible to hostile takeovers.
Our board is comprised of a majority of independent directors as defined by the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (“NASDAQ”) corporate governance rules. However, our board is not comprised of a majority of independent directors as defined by the North American Securities Administrators Association (“NASAA”) corporate governance rules because according to NASAA rules, directors that were involved in organizing an issuer are not considered independent and a majority of our directors were involved in organizing the entities that eventually merged to create East Coast Ethanol, LLC. Thus, any contracts or agreements we enter into will be approved by a majority of independent directors but only as such term is defined by the NASDAQ rules.
Our audit committee comprises of Julius P. Thompson III (chair), Oscar N. Harris, Randolph Gillespie Rogers, Theodore Henderson and Roy Laurence Smith III and is primarily responsible for overseeing, monitoring and advising company management and outside auditors in conducting audits and preparing financial statements. Our compensation committee comprises of D. Keith Parrish (chair), Larry Sampson, Johnny Shelley and Kenneth Dasher and is primarily responsible for determining and structuring officer and director pay. Both our audit and compensation committees are comprised of a majority of independent directors as defined by the NASDAQ corporate governance rules.
Identification of Directors, Executive Officers and Significant Employees
The following table shows the directors and officers of East Coast Ethanol, LLC as of the date of this prospectus:
Board Member/Officer | Position with the Company |
Randall Hudson | Chairman/CEO & Director |
D. Keith Parrish | Vice Chairman/Vice President & Director |
John F. Long | Treasurer/Chief Financial Officer & Director |
Julius P. Thompson III | Secretary & Director |
Roy Laurence Smith III | Director |
Leon Dupree Hatch, Jr. | Director |
Kenneth Dasher | Director |
Carlie McLamb, Jr. | Director |
Brian Howell | Director |
Oscar N. Harris | Director |
Larry Sampson | Director |
Dwight Stansel | Director |
Theodore Henderson | Director |
Randolph Gillespie Rogers | Director |
Johnny Shelley | Director |
Jeffrey Glenn Lanier | Director |
Business Experience of Directors and Officers
The following is a brief description of the business experience and background of our directors and officers.
Randall Dean Hudson, Chairman/CEO & Director, Age 55, 528 VoTech Drive, Georgia 31774
Dr. Hudson received a Bachelors in Sciences, Master in Soils and Fertility and a PhD in Entomology all from the University of Georgia. He is a Professor Emeritus with the University of Georgia, College of Agriculture and has been involved with value-added agriculture for 8 years. He served as Director for the Center for Emerging Crops and Technologies at the University of Georgia. He has been involved with his family owned business of pecan production and sales since 1980.
D. Keith Parrish, Vice Chairman/Vice President & Director, Age 57, 1326 County Line Road, Benson, North Carolina 27504
Mr. Parrish received an Associates Degree in Agriculture from North Carolina State University. He has been the CEO of the National Tobacco Growers Association since 1998 and a member of the Flu-Cured Tobacco Farmers Coop. He has farmed tobacco and row crops since 1976.
John F. Long, Treasurer/Chief Financial Officer & Director, Age 60, 331 Kirkstone Road, Irmo, South Carolina 29063
Mr. Long received both his Bachelors in Sciences and his Masters in Agricultural Engineering from Clemson University. He has been running a family farming operation, Overbridge Farm LLC since 1980. The farm totals 2400 acres and involves production of cotton, soybeans, wheat, turkeys, beef cattle and timber. He is a former President of the American Soybean Association, in which capacity he testified before the U.S. Congress and aided in the passage of the 1995 Farm Bill.
Julius P. Thompson III, Secretary & Director, Age 34, 2073 Camden Road, Holly Hill, South Carolina 29059
Mr. Thompson received a Bachelors in Science in agronomy from Clemson University. He has been the owner and operator of Thompson Farms since 1996.
Roy Laurence Smith III, Director, Age 44, 674 Chippers Road, Portal, Georgia 30450
Mr. Smith received a Bachelors of Science in Technology from Georgia Southern University. He has been the owner and operator of Smith and Smith Farm for the past 25 years and of Smith and Smith Turf farm for 5 years. His operations have included farming tobacco, cotton, soybeans and peanuts.
Brian Howell, Director, Age 35, 6284 East Pulaski Highway, Register, Georgia 30452
Mr. Howell attended Georgia Southern College for 2 years. He has been the General Manager of DeFair Farms since 1998 and is the owner of Soggy Bottom Farms and Soggy Bottom Trucking.
Leon Dupree Hatch, Jr., Director, Age 53, 6519 U.S. Highway 275, P.O.Box 314, Branford, Florida 32008
Mr. Hatch graduated from the University of Florida School of Business with a degree in Business Administration. He is President of Hatch Brothers Farms, Inc., Suwannee Lime Company and Bradford Sales, Inc. His business activities for the past 5 years have included raising beef cattle, producing fertilizing eggs from breeder-layer houses and growing peanuts, corn, hay, grass and pine trees and mining.
Carlie McLamb, Jr., Director, Age 43, 101 Canterbury Drive Dunn, North Carolina 28334
Mr. McLamb has been the buying and procurement manager for his family-owned grocery business since 1994. He is also currently serving as the president of the largest Independent Grocers Alliance chain in North Carolina, Carlie C's Operation Center Inc, since 2001.
Linda Marie Kunert
Ms. Kunert has resigned from her position as director because of other time commitments. A replacement has not been selected.
Oscar N. Harris, Director, Age 67, 1009 Merry Street, Duun, North Carolina 28334
Mr. Harris graduated from Campbell University with Bachelors in Business Administration. He has been a Certified Public Account since 1967 and has been working for Oscar N. Harris & Associates P.A. Certified Public Accountants for the past 5 years. He was a North Carolina State Senator from 1998 to 2002 and is currently serving as the Mayor of Dunn, North Carolina, a position he also previously held from 1987 to 1995
Larry Sampson, Director, Age 54, 5218 Highway 130 East, Rowland, North Carolina, 28383
Mr. Sampson is the President of the National Tobacco Growers Association and an advisory member of the North Carolina Farm Bureau in Roberson County, North Carolina. He is the former President of the North Carolina Tobacco Growers Association. He has been a self-employed farmer for the past 5 years.
Dwight Stansel, Director, Age 60, 5553 164th St., Wellborn, FL 32094
Mr. Stansel replaced Mr. Jerry Barnes who resigned due to other time commitments. Mr. Stansel has been the owner of Dwight Stansel Farm and Nursery, a diversified farming operation over 900 acres, for the past 5 years.
Theodore D. Henderson, Director, Age 53, 16540 68th Place, Live Oak, Florida 32060
Mr. Henderson is the Vice President of Shenandoah Dairy, a 5000+ head dairy operation located in Live Oak. In addition to dairy cows, Shenandoah Dairy farms corn, sorghum, ryegrass and oats on approximately 1600 acres. He has been involved with Shenandoah Dairy for the past 5 years.
Randolph Gillespie Rogers, Director, Age 59, 1901 East Carolina Avenue, Hartsville, South Carolina 29550
Mr. Rogers is the co-owner of Rogers Brothers Farm, which currently manages 7,500 acres of row-crop wheat, cotton, corn, peanuts and soybeans. He has been farming independently since 1970. He has been a delegate to the Southern Cotton Growers for the past three years and National Cotton Council for the past year and has also served on the Board of the South Carolina Peanut Growers Association for the past two years.
Johnny Shelley, Director, Director, Age 59, 7150 Hwy 917, Nichols, South Carolina 29581
Mr. Shelley received a Bachelor’s degree from Campbell University. He has been operating a tobacco and row crop farm and a tobacco warehouse for flu-cured stabilization for the past 5 years. He is a steering committee member of the Alliance for Health and Agriculture Development which is based in Washington D.C.
Kenneth Dasher, Director, Age 52, 8763 CR 252, Live Oak, Florida 32060
Mr. Dasher received an Associates in Arts degree from the Lake City Community College and then attended the University of Florida School of Forestry. He is a director for Flue-Cured Tobacco and a member of the Farmer’s Co-op of Live Oak, Florida. He served on the Tobacco Associates’ Board of Directors from 1989 to 1993 and was named Florida Farm Bureau’s Outstanding Young Farmer. He has been a farmer since 1976.
Jeffrey Glenn Lanier, Director, Age 45, 440 Brannen Drive, Statesboro, Georgia 30458
Mr. Lanier graduated from the Georgia Southern University with a Bachelor’s in Business Administration with an Emphasis in Insurance and Real Estate. He has been working full-time since 1988 in insurance and has trained agents about the different policies and types of coverages available and adjusters about different loss adjustment procedures during this time.
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners
There are no individuals or entities that own more than five percent of the outstanding units of East Coast Ethanol.
The following table provides information on units beneficially owned by our directors and officers:
UNITS BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS*
Title of Class | | Name of Beneficial Owner | | Approximate Number of Units Owned | | Approximate Percentage of Ownership Prior to Offering | |
Membership Units | | | Randall Dean Hudson | | | 54.87 | | | 2.52 | % |
Membership Units | | | D. Keith Parrish | | | 50.00 | | | 2.30 | % |
Membership Units | | | John F. Long | | | 10.15 | | | 0.47 | % |
Membership Units | | | Julius P. Thompson III(1) | | | 30.45 | | | 1.40 | % |
Membership Units | | | Roy Smith III | | | 19.46 | | | 0.89 | % |
Membership Units | | | Leon Hatch, Jr. | | | 41.84 | | | 1.92 | % |
Membership Units | | | Kenneth Dasher | | | 88.98 | | | 4.08 | % |
Membership Units | | | Carlie McLamb, Jr.(2) | | | 21.12 | | | 0.97 | % |
Membership Units | | | Brian Howell | | | 44.72 | | | 2.05 | % |
Membership Units | | | Oscar N. Harris(3) | | | 21.12 | | | 0.97 | % |
Membership Units | | | Larry Sampson | | | 30.02 | | | 1.38 | % |
Membership Units | | | Dwight Stansel(4) | | | 22.6141 | | | 1.04 | % |
Membership Units | | | Theodore Henderson(5) | | | 16.96 | | | 0.78 | % |
Membership Units | | | Randolph Gillespie Rogers | | | 20.30 | | | 0.93 | % |
Membership Units | | | Johnny Shelley | | | 32.97 | | | 1.51 | % |
Membership Units | | | Jeffrey Glenn Lanier | | | 19.46 | | | 0.89 | % |
* Assumes that the directors will not purchase any units this offering.
(1) Julius P. Thompson III owns these units through an entity that he partially owns, St. Matthews Grain & Rail, LLC
(2) Carlie McLamb, Jr. owns these units through an entity that he partially owns, MM&L Associates.
(3) Oscar N. Harris owns these units through an entity that he partially owns, HMB Investment Properties, LLC.
(4) Dwight Stansel owns these units with his wife, Glenda Stansel.
(5) Theordore Henderson owns these units through an entity that he partially owns, Shenandoah Dairy.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Randall Dean Hudson is currently serving as our Chairman/CEO, D. Keith Parrish as our Vice Chairman/Vice President, John F. Long as our CFO/Treasurer and Julius P. Thompson III is currently serving as our Secretary. The following table sets forth the compensation we provided to our officers during our previously completed fiscal year; we did not award any compensation to our officers in 2006 (through our predecessor entities):
Summary Compensation Table
Name and Principal Position | | Year | | Salary | | Bonus | | Unit Awards | | Option Awards | | Nonequity Incentive Plan Compensation | | Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings | | Compensation under consulting agreements | | Board Stipend | | Total | |
Randy Dean Hudson, CEO | | | 2007 | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | 50,000 | | $ | - | | $ | 50,000 | |
Dennie K Parrish, Vice President | | | 2007 | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 40,000 | | | - | | | 40,000 | |
John F Long, Chief Financial Officer | | | 2007 | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 110,000 | | | - | | | 110,000 | |
Julius P Thompson, III, Secretary | | | 2007 | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 12,000 | | | 12,000 | |
The following table sets forth the compensation we provided to our directors during our previously completed fiscal year; we did not award any compensation to our directors in 2006 (through our predecessor entities):
Director Compensation
Name | | Board stipend or per diem earned or paid in cash ($) | | Compensation under consulting agreements | | Stock awards ($) | | Option awards ($) | | Nonequity incentive plan compensation ($) | | Nonqualified deferred compensation earnings ($) | | All other compensation ($) | | Total ($) | |
Leon Hatch, Jr | | $ | - | | $ | 40,000 | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | 40,000 | |
Kenneth Dasher | | | 12,000 | | | | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 12,000 | |
Jerry Barnes | | | 2,500 | | | | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 2,500 | |
Theodore Henderson | | | 2,500 | | | | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 2,500 | |
Brian Howell | | | - | | | | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | |
Roy L Smith, III | | | 12,000 | | | | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 12,000 | |
Jeffrey Lanier | | | - | | | | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | |
Randolph G Rogers | | | 2,500 | | | | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 2,500 | |
Johnny Shelley | | | 2,500 | | | | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 2,500 | |
Carlie McLamb, Jr | | | 12,000 | | | | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 12,000 | |
Oscar N Harris, CPA | | | 2,500 | | | | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 2,500 | |
Larry Sampson | | | - | | | | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | |
Linda Kunert | | | - | | | | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | |
CONSULTING AGREEMENTS WITH DIRECTORS
We have consulting agreements with Randall Hudson our Chairman/CEO, D. Keith Parrish our Vice Chairman/Vice President, John F. Long our CFO/Treasurer and Leon Dupree Hatch, Jr., one of our directors; each of these agreements became effective on September 1, 2007 and was renewed effective September 1, 2008 until December 31, 2008. Each of these individuals is compensated as an independent contractor for the purposes of providing project development and consulting services to the Company relating to its development and construction of the ethanol plants. Each of these agreements may be terminated before December 31, 2008, most notably by mutual assent or resignation of the officer/director or his termination by the board of directors. Randall Dean Hudson’s annual compensation is $150,000 and D. Keith Parrish and Leon Dupree Hatch, Jr. each receive annual compensation of $120,000. John Long received compensation of $120,000 for the period September 1, 2007 to September 1, 2008 for services to be rendered from September 1, 2007 until December 31, 2008. All of the above-mentioned individuals will also be reimbursed for all reasonable and ordinary expenses incurred by them in performance of their duties and we will provide them with support services such as office space and secretarial support. Each of these individuals have longstanding roots in their communities and have considerable experience operating successful businesses in the communities where the plants are planned to be developed and constructed. These individuals possess local knowledge and key relationships that we expect will make valuable contributions to our project development efforts.
REIMBURSEMENT OF EXPENSES
We compensate our directors for their service as directors on our board and for service on the executive committee of our board. Each director who serves on the executive committee of our board who is not a project leader or officer receives a stipend of $3,000 per month and reimbursement for travel expenses. Each director on our board who is not a member of the executive committee receives a per diem meeting fee of $1,250 and receives reimbursement for travel expenses.
INDEMNIFICATION FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES
Our operating agreement provides that none of our directors or officers will be personally liable to us or our members for monetary damages for a breach of their fiduciary duty, except as Delaware law otherwise requires. This could prevent both us and our unit holders from bringing an action against any director or officer for monetary damages arising out of a breach of that director’s or officer’s fiduciary duty or grossly negligent business decisions. This provision does not affect possible injunctive or other remedies to enforce a director’s or officer’s duty of loyalty for acts or omissions not taken in good faith, involving willful misconduct or a knowing violation of the law, or for any transaction from which the director or officer derived an improper financial benefit or a wrongful distribution in violation of Delaware law. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of East Coast Ethanol pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is contrary to public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933, and is, therefore, unenforceable.
No member, director or officer will be liable for any of our debts, obligations or liabilities solely because he or she is a member, director or officer. In addition, Delaware law permits, and our operating agreement contains, extensive indemnification provisions which require us to indemnify any officer or director who was or is party, or who is threatened to be made a party to a current or potential legal action because he or she is our director or officer. We will also indemnify against expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, claims, costs and liabilities actually and reasonably incurred by these individuals in connection with any legal proceedings brought against them relating to any liability or damage incurred by any person by reason of any act performed or omitted to be performed by our directors and officers, including legal proceedings based upon violations of the Securities Act of 1933 or state securities laws. Our indemnification obligations may include criminal or other proceedings.
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
We have entered into consulting agreements with several of our directors. Please see “EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION – Consulting Agreements with Directors.” All future transactions with affiliates of the company are to be on terms no less favorable than could be obtained from an unaffiliated third party and must be approved by a majority of the independent directors as defined by NASDAQ’s corporate governance rules.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
Before purchasing any units, an investor must execute a subscription agreement, a promissory note and sign our operating agreement. The subscription agreement will contain, among other provisions, an acknowledgement that the investor received a prospectus, such as this, and that the investor agrees to be bound by our operating agreement. All subscriptions are subject to approval by our directors and we reserve the right to reject any portion or all of the subscription agreement. An investor does not own units until we accept their subscription and satisfy the conditions for releasing funds from escrow.
THE OFFERING
The offering of our units is a self written best efforts offering. We will sell a maximum of 39,455 units and a minimum of 16,910 units at a purchase price of $15,000 per unit. You must purchase a minimum of one unit to participate in the offering. Our board of directors determined the offering price for the units arbitrarily, without any consultation with third parties. Our directors and officers will sell our securities directly to investors, except that we have engaged a licensed broker-dealer, Thomas Group Capital, as our placement agent to sell our securities in North Carolina, Virginia and Maryland on a best efforts basis. In addition we have engaged Jasper Corporate Finance Limited to assist us in obtaining financing from investors and banks located outside the United States.
We will not pay commissions to our directors or officers for selling our securities. These directors will rely on the safe harbor from broker-dealer registration set out in Rule 3a4-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Rule 3a4-1 provides that associated persons of issuers are not deemed to be broker-dealers if, among other requirements, such associated persons are not compensated for transactions in the issuer’s securities, they perform substantial duties on behalf of the issuer otherwise than in connection with transactions in securities and they did not previously rely on the Rule in the preceding 12 months to sell another issuer’s securities. We will not pay any commissions to our directors and officers for selling our securities. Our directors and officers have significant management responsibility for our company particularly since we are a development stage company without any employees. Further, none of our officers and directors has sold any securities in reliance on Rule 3a4-1 within the preceding 12 months. Thus, our directors and officers are exempt from broker-dealer registration under Rule 3a4-1. Further, we are exempt from broker-dealer registration with the FINRA.
According to FINRA Rule 2710(g)(1), any of East Coast Ethanol’s unregistered securities, options or warrants acquired by an underwriter and related persons during 180 days prior to the filing date, or acquired after the required filing date of the registration statement and deemed to be underwriting compensation by the National Association of Stock Dealers (“NASD”) shall not be sold during this offering for a period of 180 days immediately following September 26, 2008 or commencement of sales in this offering unless such securities, options or warrants held by the underwriter or related persons do not exceed 1% of the securities being offered in this offering or such instruments are sold to our officers and directors and remain subject to the lock-up restrictions as outlined above.
Our directors and officers will be allowed to purchase the units that are being offered. These units may be purchased for the purpose of satisfying the minimum amount of units required to close the offering. Units purchased by these individuals will be subject to the same restrictions regarding transferability as described in this prospectus and our operating agreement, and will, therefore, be purchased for investment rather than resale. Investors should not assume that we will sell the $253,650,000 minimum only to unaffiliated third party investors. We may sell units to affiliated or institutional investors that may acquire enough units to influence the manner in which we are managed. These investors may influence our business in a manner more beneficial to them than to other investors.
Thomas Group Capital
We expect to use Thomas Group Capital as a registered broker-dealer to sell our securities in any state which requires all sales of securities to be made through a registered broker-dealer. We will also use Thomas Group Capital as our non-exclusive placement agent to assist our directors and officers in selling securities in the states in which we are registered. We are registering our securities in Florida, Maryland, New York, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia and Virginia. With the exception of North Carolina, Virginia and Maryland, we expect most of our selling activity to be conducted by our directors and officers along with Thomas Group Capital, acting as a non-exclusive placement agent. If we decide to register our securities in additional states, we will sell our securities using our directors and officers unless the states allow sales of securities only through a licensed broker-dealer, in which case we will engage a broker-dealer.
Thomas Group Capital will receive 4.5% of the gross proceeds from the sales of our securities in the states of North Carolina, Virginia and Maryland (where Thomas Group Capital is our exclusive registered broker-dealer) and Thomas Group Capital will receive 4.5% of the gross proceeds from sales of securities to investors solicited and identified by Thomas Group Capital in any other state in which we are authorized to offer and sell our securities. Our agreement also provides Thomas Group Capital with warrants to purchase up to 3.5% of the total amount of securities it sells in this public offering. The exercise price will be $15,000 per unit. The warrants will be exercisable for 10 years from the date we release funds from escrow. The 4.5% commission and the warrants are payable upon release of equity offering proceeds from escrow. Additionally, Thomas Group Capital shall receive 1.5% of any debt financing raised by it. We will also reimburse Thomas Group Capital for the expenses it incurs in selling our securities. We will indemnify Thomas Group Capital for any liabilities arising out of or relating to misstatements or omissions contained in our registration statement as long as such misstatements or omissions do not arise out of or relate to representations made to us by Thomas Group Capital.
The subscription procedure including the 10% down payment of the total subscription price and the 90% balance payable upon call of our board of directors is the same in North Carolina, Virginia and Maryland as for other states in which we are selling our securities. Our minimum offering amount is $253,650,000 and our maximum offering amount is $591,825,000. We expect to incur offering expenses in the amount of approximately $550,000 to complete this offering. The offering will end no later than September 26, 2009. If we sell the maximum number of units prior to September 26, 2009, the offering will end on or about the date the maximum number of units is sold. We may choose to end the offering any time prior to September 26, 2009, after we sell the minimum number of units. If we abandon the project for any reason, we will terminate the offering. Even if we successfully close the offering by selling the minimum number of units by September 26, 2009, we may still be required to return the offering proceeds to investors if we are unable to satisfy the conditions for releasing funds from escrow, which include our receipt of a written debt financing commitment. After the offering, there will be 41,635 units issued and outstanding if we sell the maximum number of units offered in this offering and 19,090 units issued and outstanding if we sell the minimum number of units offered in this offering. Both of these include 2,180 units issued to our founders and seed capital investors in a previous private placement.
Jasper Corporate Finance Limited
We have engaged Jasper Corporate Finance Limited (“Jasper”) on an exclusive basis (except that we may obtain financing from firms with which we have pre-existing relationships including Credit Suisse, Zurich Energy Fund, Deutsche Bank, Geneva Energy Fund, International Finance Bank and Rodale Funding) for the purpose of assisting us in securing debt and equity financing from sources outside the United States. Jasper is a United Kingdom private company validly authorized to do business by the Financial Services Authority, the regulator of financial services providers in the United Kingdom. Jasper shall recommend a financing strategy to us and identify a list of potential funding providers outside the United States to be approached by it. However, we shall retain sole and complete discretion in approving any financing sources identified by Jasper. Jasper will receive a ‘success fee’ payable at closing equal to 1.25% of any debt raised by it, 2.0% of any mezzanine funds raised and 3.0% of any equity raised. Jasper will also receive a retainer of ₤20,000 (approximately $ 39,650) per month for a period of three months. Furthermore, we are required to reimburse Jasper for all reasonable out of pocket expenses incurred by it in the performance of its services. Finally, we are required to indemnify Jasper from all liabilities arising in connection with the construction of our proposed plants or by reason of Jasper’s involvement with us as contemplated by our agreement.
SUBSCRIPTION PROCEDURES
The following sets forth the priorities of the various conditions for us to successfully close this offering:
1. We must receive subscriptions for the minimum offering amount by the 9th day of the 11th month in order to call and issue the 20 day notice. We must receive the balance by September 26, 2009. If we fail to receive subscriptions for the minimum offering amount by such date, we will have to abandon the offering.
2. Once we have received subscriptions for at least the minimum offering amount, we will issue a written demand for payment of the 90% subscription balances from investors, which will be payable into our escrow account. Note that while we are able to issue written demand for the balance upon receiving subscriptions for the minimum offering amount, we have disclosed that it is our expectation that we will only issue such demand once we have received subscriptions for the necessary amount of equity to fund our project which could be significantly greater than the minimum offering amount.
3. Once cash proceeds in escrow exceed the minimum offering amount (exclusive of interest), we must still satisfy a set of additional conditions before releasing funds from escrow. Those conditions are:
(a) receipt of a written debt financing commitment in an amount ranging from approximately $240 million to $580 million less any grants or tax increment financing we are able to secure;
(b) we elect in writing to terminate the escrow agreement;
(c) an affidavit from our escrow agent has been sent to each state in which we have registered securities indicating our satisfaction of the conditions to release funds from escrow as stated in the escrow agreement and disclosed in the prospectus; and
(d) any state which must issue consent to release of funds from escrow has issued such consent.
Before purchasing any units, you must complete the subscription agreement included as Exhibit C to this prospectus, draft a check payable to BB&T Corporation, Escrow Agent for East Coast Ethanol, LLC in the amount of not less than 10% of the amount due for the units for which subscription is sought, which amount will be deposited in the escrow account; sign a full recourse promissory note for the remaining 90% of the total subscription price; and deliver to us these items and an executed copy of the signature page of our operating agreement; alternatively, you can pay the entire investment amount at the time of subscription. The promissory note provides that the subscriber agrees to pay the remaining 90% of the subscription price. Failure to pay the remaining 90% of the subscription price will result in the amount due beginning to accrue interest at the rate of 12% per annum, and amounts previously paid to the Company may be forfeited as a result of such non-payment. The promissory note will become due within 20 days of the subscriber’s receipt of written notice from East Coast Ethanol. In the subscription application, an investor must make representations to us concerning, among other things, that he or she has received our prospectus and any supplements, agrees to be bound by the operating agreement and understands that the units are subject to significant transfer restrictions. The subscription application also requires information about the nature of your desired ownership, your state of residence, and your taxpayer identification or social security number. We encourage you to read the subscription agreement carefully. Investors have the option of paying the entire investment amount at the time of signing the subscription agreement. If investors elect to pay the entire investment amount at such time, investors will not be required to sign a promissory note. You will not become an owner of our units unless and until we accept your subscription and satisfy the conditions for releasing funds from escrow.
After we receive subscriptions for the minimum amount of the offering, we may mail written notice to our investors accepting their subscriptions and giving notice that full payment under the promissory note is due within 20 days; however, we may choose to wait to call the balance on the notes for a variety of reasons related to construction and development of the project, particularly the availability of debt financing. If we receive subscriptions for the minimum aggregate offering amount of $253,650,000 we may call the balance on the notes as soon as within 24 hours of the minimum offering amount being subscribed which could occur as early as the day immediately following the effective data of this registration statement or could be as late as the tenth day of the eleventh month after the effective date of this registration statement. The notices will be delivered via electronic mail if we have a confirmed email address for the investor or by U.S. regular mail. We will deposit funds paid in satisfaction of the promissory notes into our escrow account where they will be held until we satisfy the conditions for releasing funds from escrow. Unpaid amounts will accrue nominal interest and each investor will agree to reimburse us for amounts we must spend to collect the outstanding balance. In the event that a subscriber defaults on the promissory note, we intend to pursue that defaulting subscriber for payments of the amount due by any legal means, including, but not limited to, retention of the initial 10% payment and acquisition of a judgment against the subscriber. Prior to the time notes are called, the rights of subscribers are limited to any contract rights the subscriber may have to purchase membership units. If you subscribe to purchase units after we have received subscriptions for the aggregate minimum offering amount of $253,650,000, you will be required to pay the full purchase price immediately upon subscription.
ESCROW PROCEDURES
Proceeds from subscriptions for the units will be deposited in an interest-bearing escrow account that we have established with BB&T Corporation, as escrow agent under a written escrow agreement. We will not release funds from the escrow account until the following conditions are satisfied: (1) cash proceeds from unit sales deposited in the escrow account equals or exceeds the minimum offering amount of $253,650,000, exclusive of interest; (2) we obtain a written debt financing commitment for debt financing ranging from approximately $269,875,000 to $608,050,000, less any grants and/or tax increment financing we are awarded; (3) we elect, in writing, to terminate the escrow agreement; 4) an affidavit prepared by our escrow agent has been sent to the states in which we have registered units stating that the conditions set out in (1), (2) and (3) have been met; and (5) in each state in which consent is required, the state securities commissioner has consented to release of the funds on deposit. Upon satisfaction of these conditions, the escrow agreement will terminate, and the escrow agent will disburse the funds on deposit, including interest, to us to be used in accordance with the provisions set out in this prospectus. We expect that the escrow account may continue for up to one year after the effective date of this registration statement to allow us to collect the 90% balance due under the promissory notes. To break escrow, we must receive cash proceeds for our membership units in excess of the minimum offering amount. If we elect to terminate the offering, we will return your investment along with your portion of the total interest earned on the account.
SUITABILITY OF INVESTORS
Investing in the units offered hereby involves a high degree of risk. Accordingly, the purchase of units is suitable only for persons of substantial financial means that have no need for liquidity in their investments and can bear the economic risk of loss of any investment in the units. Units will be sold only to persons that meet these and other requirements. Persons (excluding North Carolina residents) cannot invest in this offering unless they meet one of the following suitability tests:
| Ø | Persons who have annual income from whatever source of at least $45,000 and have a net worth of at least $45,000 exclusive of home, furnishings and automobiles; or |
| Ø | Persons who have a net worth of at least $150,000 exclusive of home, furnishings and automobiles. |
For married persons, the tests will be applied on a joint husband and wife basis regardless of whether the purchase is made by one spouse or the husband and wife jointly.
Residents of North Carolina must meet one of the following suitability tests:
| Ø | Persons who have minimum net worth of $70,000 and minimum annual gross income of $70,000 or |
| Ø | Persons who have a net worth of at least $250,000 exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles. |
Even if investors represent that they meet the suitability standards set forth above, the board of directors reserves the right to reject any portion or all of a subscription for any reason, including if the board determines that the units are not a suitable investment for the investor. The board may assess investor suitability on the basis of information it obtains from prospective investors which may include the investor’s age, investment objectives, investment experience, income, net worth, financial situation, and other investments made by the prospective investor along with any other pertinent factors. In North Carolina, Virginia and Maryland, Thomas Group Capital will assist our board of directors in assessing the suitability of potential investors.
Investors must make certain written representations in the subscription agreement, including that they:
| Ø | have received a copy of our prospectus and the exhibits thereto; |
| Ø | understand that our units are sold in reliance upon a federal securities registration; proposed registrations in Florida, Maryland, New York, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia and Virginia; and exemptions from securities registrations in various other states, and that investors understand that our units can only be sold to a person meeting requirements of suitability; |
| Ø | understand that the securities purchased will not be registered under the securities laws of any state other than the states of Florida, Maryland, New York, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia and Virginia, and that we are relying in part upon investors’ representations; |
| Ø | understand that the securities subscribed for have not been approved or disapproved by the Florida, Maryland, New York, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia and Virginia securities departments or any other regulatory authority; |
| Ø | intend to purchase the units for investment and not for resale; |
| Ø | understand that there is no present market for our units and that there are significant restrictions on the transferability of our units; |
| Ø | have been encouraged to seek the advice of their legal counsel and accountants or other financial advisers with respect to investor-specific tax and/or other considerations relating to the purchase and ownership of our units; |
| Ø | have received a copy of our operating agreement and understand that upon closing escrow, they and their membership units will be bound by the operating agreement; |
| Ø | understand that our units are subject to substantial restrictions on transfer and that in order to sell the units an investor must sell or distribute them pursuant to the terms of the operating agreement, and the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and applicable state securities laws; |
| Ø | meet the suitability test outlined in the subscription agreement; |
| Ø | are capable of bearing the economic risk of the investment, including the possible total loss of the investment; |
| Ø | understand that we will place a restrictive legend on any certificate representing any unit; |
| Ø | understand that we may place a stop transfer order with its registrar and stock transfer agent (if any) covering all certificates representing any of the membership units; |
| Ø | may not transfer or assign the subscription agreement, or any of their interest therein; |
| Ø | have written their correct taxpayer identification number on the subscription agreement; |
| Ø | are not subject to back up withholding either because they have not been notified by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) that they are subject to backup withholding as a result of a failure to report all interest or dividends, or the IRS has notified them that they are no longer subject to backup; and |
| Ø | understand that execution of the attached promissory note will allow us to pursue the obligor for payment of the amount due thereon by any legal means, including, but not limited to, acquisition of a judgment against the obligor in the event that the subscriber defaults. |
We will rely on these representations and others in determining whether prospective investors understand and have knowledge of the material terms and nature of the investment, so that we can determine whether the investment is suitable for them. If we accept investors’ subscription, we will use the information given to us in the subscription agreement for company purposes, such as tax reporting. We will use the representations regarding taxpayer information to defend ourselves if questioned by the IRS about investors’ taxes. Also, if investors do not fulfill their obligations under the promissory note, we will use the applicable representations from their subscription agreement against them to show that they understood that we can take legal action for payment under the promissory note. Finally, if investors seek legal action to attempt to force us to allow an action prohibited by our operating agreement, we will use the applicable representation in their subscription agreements as evidence that they understood that they would be bound by the restrictions and provisions of the operating agreement, including the restrictions on transfers of our units.
SUMMARY OF PROMOTIONAL AND SALES MATERIALS
In addition to and apart from this prospectus, we may use certain sales material in connection with this offering. The material may include a brochures, internet websites, question-and-answer booklets, speech for public seminars, invitations to seminars, news articles, public advertisements and audio-visual materials. In certain jurisdictions, such sales materials may not be available. This offering is made only by means of this prospectus and other than as described herein, we have not authorized the use of any other sales material. Although the information contained in such sales materials does not conflict with any of the information contained in this prospectus, such material does not purport to be complete and should not be considered as a part of this prospectus or of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or as incorporated in this prospectus or the registration statement by reference.
DESCRIPTION OF MEMBERSHIP UNITS
We are offering one class of securities. If we accept investors’ subscription agreements, investors will be both a holder of units and a member of the limited liability company. As a unit holder, they will be entitled to certain economic rights, such as the right to the distributions that accompany the units. As a member of the limited liability company, they will be entitled to certain other rights, such as the right to vote at our member meetings. If their membership in the company is terminated or if they transfer their units without the company’s approval, the role of unit holder may be separated from the role of member. The separation of such roles may include the loss of certain rights, such as voting rights. See “Separable Interests” below for greater detail about the loss of membership.
Membership Units
Ownership rights in us are evidenced by units. There is one class of membership units in East Coast Ethanol. Each unit represents a pro rata ownership interest in our capital, profits, losses and distributions. Unit holders who are also members have the right to vote and participate in our management as provided in the operating agreement. We maintain a membership register at our principal office setting forth the name, address, capital contribution and number of units held by each member. Pursuant to the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, we have an unlimited number of authorized membership units available for issuance so the number of issued and outstanding membership units is not equal to the number of authorized membership units available for future issuance under the registration statement.
Restrictive Legend on Membership Certificate
We will place restrictive legends on investors’ membership certificate or any other document evidencing ownership of our units. The language of the legend will be similar to the following:
THE TRANSFERABILITY OF THE MEMBERSHIP UNITS REPRESENTED BY THIS DOCUMENT IS RESTRICTED. SUCH UNITS MAY NOT BE SOLD, ASSIGNED, OR TRANSFERRED, NOR WILL ANY ASSIGNEE, VENDEE, TRANSFEREE OR ENDORSEE THEREOF BE RECOGNIZED AS HAVING ACQUIRED ANY SUCH UNITS FOR ANY PURPOSES, UNLESS AND TO THE EXTENT SUCH SALE, TRANSFER, HYPOTHECATION, OR ASSIGNMENT IS PERMITTED BY, AND IS COMPLETED IN STRICT ACCORDANCE WITH, THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SET FORTH IN THE OPERATING AGREEMENT OF THE COMPANY, AS AMENDED FROM TIME TO TIME.
THE UNITS REPRESENTED BY THIS DOCUMENT MAY NOT BE SOLD, OFFERED FOR SALE, OR TRANSFERRED IN ABSENCE OF AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND UNDER APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS, OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY THAT SUCH TRANSACTION IS EXEMPT FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND UNDER APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS.
Voting Limitations
Each member is entitled to one vote per unit owned. Members may vote units in person, by proxy or by mail at a meeting of the unit holders, on all matters coming before a member vote. Members do not have cumulative voting or pre-emptive rights.
Separable Interests
Although we are managed by our directors, our operating agreement provides that certain transactions, such as amending our operating agreement or dissolving the company, require member approval. Each member has the following rights:
| Ø | To receive a share of our profits and losses; |
| Ø | To receive distributions of our assets, if and when declared by our directors; |
| Ø | To participate in the distribution of our assets in the event we are dissolved or liquidated; |
| Ø | To access information concerning our business and affairs at our place of business; and |
| Ø | To vote on matters coming before a vote of the members. |
Our operating agreement provides that if your membership is terminated, regardless of whether you transfer your units or we admit a substitute member, you will lose all your rights to vote your units and the right to access information concerning our business and affairs at our place of business. Under our operating agreement, information that will be available exclusively to members includes state and federal tax returns and a current list of the names, addresses and capital account information of each member and unit holder. This information is available upon request by a member for purposes reasonably related to that person’s interest as a member. In addition, a member’s use of this information is subject to certain safety, security and confidentiality procedures established by us.
If you are an individual, you will cease to be a member upon your death or if you have been declared incompetent by a court of law. If you are a corporation, trust, limited liability company, or partnership, you will cease to be a member at the time your existence is terminated. If you are an estate, then your membership will terminate when the fiduciary of the estate distributes all of your units. Accordingly, it is possible to be a unit holder of East Coast Ethanol, LLC, but not a member.
If you transfer your units, and the transfer is permitted by the operating agreement, or has been approved by the board of directors, then the transferee will be admitted as a new member of East Coast Ethanol, LLC only if the transferee:
| Ø | Agrees to be bound by our operating agreement; |
| Ø | Pays or reimburses us for legal, filing and publication costs that we incur relating to admitting such transferee as a new member, if any; |
| Ø | Delivers, upon our request, any evidence of the authority such person or entity has to become a member of East Coast Ethanol; and |
| Ø | Delivers, upon our request, any other materials needed to complete transferee’s transfer. |
The board of directors, in its discretion, may prohibit the transferee from becoming a member if he or she does not comply with these requirements.
DISTRIBUTIONS
Distributions are payable at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to the provisions of the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, our operating agreement and the requirements of our creditors. Our board has no obligation to distribute profits, if any, to members. We have not declared or paid any distributions on our units. Delaware law prohibits us from making distributions to our members if the fair market value of our assets would be less than our liabilities after the distribution or if we would not be able to pay our debts as they become due in the usual course of business.
Unit holders are entitled to receive distributions of cash or property if and when a distribution is declared by our directors. Distributions will be made to investors in proportion to the number of units investors own as compared to all of our units that are then issued and outstanding. Our directors have the sole authority to authorize distributions based on available cash (after payment of expenses and resources); however, we will attempt to distribute an amount approximating the additional federal and state income tax attributable to investors as a result of profits allocated to investors.
We do not expect to generate revenues until the proposed plants are operational. After operation of the proposed plants begins, we anticipate, subject to any loan covenants or restrictions with our senior and subordinated lenders, distributing a portion of our net cash flow to our members in proportion to the units held and in accordance with our operating agreement. By net cash flow, we mean our gross cash proceeds received less any portion, as determined by our directors in their sole discretion, used to pay or establish reserves for our expenses, debt payments, capital improvements, replacements and contingencies. Our board may elect to retain future profits to provide operational financing for the plants, debt retirement and possible plant expansion or other business expansion opportunities.
We do not know the amount of cash that we will generate, if any, once we begin operations. At the start, we will generate no revenues and do not expect to generate any operating revenue until the proposed ethanol plants are operating fully. Cash distributions are not assured, and we may never be in a position to make distributions. Whether we will be able to generate sufficient cash flow from our business to make distributions to members will depend on numerous factors, including but not limited to:
| Ø | Successful and timely completion of construction since we will not generate any revenue until our plants are constructed and operational; |
| Ø | Making required payments on any debt and compliance with applicable loan covenants which will reduce the amount of cash available for distributions; |
| Ø | Ability to operate our plants at full capacity which directly impacts our revenues; |
| Ø | Adjustments and amounts of cash set aside for reserves and unforeseen expenses; and |
| Ø | State and federal regulations and subsidies, and support for ethanol generally which can impact our profitability and the cash available for distributions. |
CAPITAL ACCOUNTS AND CONTRIBUTIONS
The purchase price paid for our units constitutes a capital contribution for purposes of becoming a unit holder and will be credited to your capital account. As a unit holder, your capital account will be increased according to your share of our profits and other applicable items of income or gain specially allocated to you pursuant to the special allocation rules described below. In addition, we will increase your capital account for the amount of any of our liabilities that are assumed by you or are secured by any property which we distribute to you. We will decrease your capital account for your share of our losses and other applicable items of expenses or losses specially allocated to you pursuant to the special allocation rules described below. We will also decrease your capital account in an amount equal to the value of any property we distribute to you. In addition, we will decrease your capital account for the amount of any of your liabilities that are assumed by us or are secured by property you have contributed to us. In the event you transfer your units and we have approved such transfer, then your capital account, to the extent it relates to the units transferred, will be transferred to the transferee. Our operating agreement does not require you to make additional capital contributions to us. Interest will not accrue on your capital contributions, and you have no right to withdraw or be repaid your capital contributions made to us.
ALLOCATION OF PROFITS AND LOSSES
Except as otherwise provided in the special allocation rules described below, profits and losses that we recognize will be allocated to you in proportion to the number of units you hold. Our profits and losses will be determined by our directors on either daily, monthly, quarterly or other basis permitted under the Internal Revenue Code, as amended, and corresponding Treasury Regulations.
Special Allocation Rules
The amount of profits and losses that we allocate to you is subject to a number of exceptions referred to as special allocations. These include special allocations required by the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury Regulations aimed at highly leveraged limited liability companies that allocate taxable losses in excess of a unit holder’s actual capital contributions. Our operating agreement also requires that our directors make offsetting special allocations in any manner they deem appropriate that, after such offsetting allocations are made, each Unit holder’s capital account balance is equal to the capital account balance that that unit holder would have had if special allocations required by the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury Regulations were not made to that unit holder’s capital account.
Restrictions on Transfers of Units
The units will be subject to certain restrictions on transfers pursuant to our operating agreement. In addition, transfers of the units may be restricted by state securities laws. As a result, investors may not be able to liquidate their investments in the units and therefore may be required to assume the risks of investing in us for an indefinite period of time. Investment in us should be undertaken only by those investors who can afford an illiquid investment.
We have restricted the ability to transfer units to ensure that the Internal Revenue Service does not deem East Coast Ethanol to be a “publicly traded partnership” which results in corporate taxation. Under our operating agreement, no transfer may occur without the approval of the board of directors. Further, the board of directors will only permit transfers that fall within “safe harbors” contained in the publicly traded partnership rules under the Internal Revenue Code, to include the following:
| Ø | Transfers by gift to the member’s spouse and/or descendants; |
| Ø | Transfers upon the death of a member; |
| Ø | Certain other transfers provided that for the applicable tax year, the transfers in the aggregate do not exceed 2% of the total outstanding units; and |
| Ø | Transfers through a Qualified Matching Service. |
Transfers made through a Qualified Matching Service are limited to no more than 10% of the total outstanding units during a tax year. The 10% limit does not include private transfers, which are not limited in number, but does include certain other transfers subject to a 2% limit.
Any transfer in violation of the publicly traded partnership requirements or our operating agreement will be null and void. Furthermore, there is no public or other market for these securities. We do not anticipate such a market will develop.
The units are unsecured equity interests of East Coast Ethanol and are subordinate in right of payment to all of our current and future debt. In the event of our insolvency, liquidation, dissolution or other winding up of our affairs, all of our debts, including winding-up expenses, must be paid in full before any payment is made to the unit holders. There is no assurance that there would be any remaining funds for distribution to the unit holders, after the payment of all of our debts.
SUMMARY OF OUR OPERATING AGREEMENT
Binding Nature of the Agreement
We will be governed primarily according to the provisions of our operating agreement and the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act; provided, however, that causes of action for violations of federal or state securities laws shall not be governed solely by Delaware law. We are organized as a limited liability company and not a corporation; however, our operating agreement descries our management structure as a board of directors and defines a director as having the same meaning as a manager under the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act. Among other items, our operating agreement contains provisions relating to the election of directors, restrictions on transfers, member voting, and other company governance matters. If you invest in East Coast Ethanol, you will be bound by the terms of this agreement. Its provisions may not be amended without the approval of the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the units constituting a quorum, represented either in person or by proxy or mail ballot, at any regular or special meeting of the members.
Management
The number of initial directors of East Coast Ethanol shall be 17. Information about our current directors, their business experience, and their terms are set out in further detail in “DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, PROMOTERS, AND CONTROL PERSONS.” See “DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, PROMOTERS, AND CONTROL PERSONS” for information regarding the election and appointment of our directors beginning with the first annual or special meeting after the plants are substantially operational.
Our elected directors are elected by plurality vote of the members which means that the nominees receiving the greatest number of votes relative to all other nominees are elected as directors. Nominations for directors may be made by the nominating committee of the board of directors or by the board of directors as a whole. Our nominating committee is currently comprised of John Long (chairperson), Mack McLamb, Brian Howell and Jeff Lanier. The nominating committee is primarily responsible for identifying and nominating candidates to serve as our officers and directors. Members may also nominate candidates for our board by giving advance written notice to East Coast Ethanol with information about the nominee and the nominating member. The board of directors controls virtually all of our affairs. We do not expect to develop a vacancy on the board of directors until after the plants become substantially operational.
| Ø | Our operating agreement is unlike the articles of incorporation or bylaws of typical public companies whose shares trade on NASDAQ or a stock exchange. Our units do not trade on an exchange and we are not governed by the rules of NASDAQ or a stock exchange concerning company governance. |
The directors must elect a chairman who will preside over any meeting of the board of directors, and a vice-chairman who shall assume the chairman’s duties in the event the chairman is unable to act. According to our operating agreement, the directors may not take certain actions without the consent of the members. See “SUMMARY OF OUR OPERATING AGREEMENT – Members’ Meetings and Other Members’ Rights.”
Replacement of Directors
See “DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, PROMOTERS AND CONTROL PERSONS” for a description of the staggering of the terms of our elected directors beginning with the first member meeting following substantial completion of the plants. Replacement directors may be nominated either by the board of directors or by the members provided that the members also meet other requirements, all of which are described in our operating agreement. In order for a petition by the members to be considered timely, it must be delivered to our secretary not more than 90 days, nor less than 60 days prior to the first day of the month corresponding to the previous year’s annual meeting.
Members’ Meetings and Other Members’ Rights
There will be an annual meeting of members at which the board of directors will give our annual company report. Members will address any appropriate business including the election of directors to those director seats becoming vacant under the then adopted staggered term format. In addition, members owning an aggregate of thirty percent (30%) of the units may demand in writing that the board call a special meeting of members for the purpose of addressing appropriate member business. The board of directors may also call a special meeting of members at any time.
Member meetings shall be at the place designated by the board or members calling the meeting. Members of record will be given notice of member meeting neither more than 60 days nor less than 20 days in advance of such meetings.
In order to take action at a meeting, members holding at least 25 percent of the outstanding units must be represented in person, by proxy or by mail ballot. Voting by proxy or by mail ballot shall be permitted on any matter if it is authorized by our directors. Assuming a quorum is present, members take action by a vote of the majority of the units represented at the meeting (in person, by proxy or by mail ballot) and entitled to vote on the matter, unless the vote of a greater or lesser proportion or numbers is otherwise required by our operating agreement or by the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act. Our operating agreement requires the vote of a greater number of units on the following matters:
| Ø | the affirmative vote of a 75 percent majority in interest is necessary to dissolve, wind up and liquidate East Coast Ethanol; |
| Ø | a proposed amendment to the operating agreement requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the membership voting interests constituting the quorum; |
| Ø | no amendment to the operating agreement shall be approved without the consent of each member adversely affected if such amendment would modify the limited liability of a member. |
There are no other instances where the vote of a greater or lesser proportion or number is otherwise required by the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act. Additionally, according to our operating agreement, the directors may not take the following actions without the unanimous consent of the members:
| Ø | cause or permit East Coast Ethanol to engage in any activity that is inconsistent with our purposes; |
| Ø | knowingly act in contravention of the operating agreement or act in a manner that would make it impossible for us to carry on our ordinary business, except as otherwise provided in the operating agreement; |
| Ø | possess our property or assign rights in specific company property other than for our purpose; or |
| Ø | cause us to voluntarily take any action that would cause our bankruptcy. |
In addition, without the consent of a majority of the membership voting interests the directors do not have the authority to cause the company to:
| Ø | merge, consolidate, exchange or otherwise dispose of at one time, all or substantially all of our property, except for a liquidating sale of the property in connection with our dissolution; |
| Ø | confess a judgment against the company in an amount in excess of $5,000,000; |
| Ø | issue units at a purchase price that is less than 30% of the purchase price offered to investors in this offering; |
| Ø | issue an aggregate of more than 125% of the maximum number of units to be offered to investors in this offering; or |
| Ø | cause us to acquire any equity or debt securities of any directors or any of its affiliates, or otherwise make loans to any director or any of its affiliates. |
For the purpose of determining the members entitled to notice of or to vote at any members’ meeting, the date on which notice of the meeting is mailed (or otherwise delivered) or the date on which the resolution declaring the distribution is adopted, as the case may be, shall be the record date for determination of the members.
Members do not have dissenter’s rights. This means that in the event we merge, consolidate, exchange or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our property, unit holders do not have the right to dissent and seek payment for their units. We will maintain our books, accountings and records at our principal office. A member may inspect them during normal business hours. Our books and accountings will be maintained in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Unit Transfer Restrictions
A unit holder’s ability to transfer units is restricted under the operating agreement. Unit holders may not transfer their units prior to the time that any of our proposed ethanol plants is substantially operational unless such transfer is:
| Ø | To the investor’s administrator or trustee to whom such units are transferred involuntarily by operation of law, such as death; or |
| Ø | Made without consideration to or in trust for the investor’s descendants or spouse. |
Once any of our proposed ethanol plants is substantially operational, investors may transfer their units to any person or organization only if the transfer meets certain conditions imposed by our operating agreement and the transfer:
| Ø | has been approved by our directors in writing; or |
| Ø | is made to any other member or to any affiliate or related party of another member or the transferring member; or |
| Ø | is made to any affiliate or related party of the transferor. |
Our operating agreement imposes the following conditions on transfers, all of which must be met prior to the board’s approval of a transfer:
| Ø | The transferring member and the proposed recipient of the units must execute and deliver the necessary paperwork and documents to us; |
| Ø | The transferring member and the proposed recipient must pay all reasonable costs and expenses incurred by us in connection with the transfer; |
| Ø | The proposed recipient must provide us with his/her/its taxpayer identification number and other information reasonably required to permit us to file tax statements and returns; |
| Ø | The transferring member or proposed recipient must provide us with a legal opinion letter stating that the units are either registered under the Securities Act of 1933, or exempt from registration; and |
| Ø | The transferring member or proposed recipient must provide us with a legal opinion letter stating that the transfer will not cause us to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940. |
To maintain partnership tax status, the units may not be traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market. We do not intend to list the units on the New York Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ Stock Market or any other stock exchange. To help ensure that a market does not develop, our operating agreement prohibits transfers without the approval of the directors. The directors will generally approve transfers so long as the transfers fall within “safe harbors” contained in the publicly traded partnership rules under the Internal Revenue Code. Please see DESCRIPTIONS OF MEMBERSHIP UNITS – Restrictions on Unit Transfers” for a description of the safe harbors. If any person transfers units in violation of the publicly traded partnership rules or without our prior consent, the transfer will be null and void. These restrictions on transfer could reduce the value of an investor’s units.
Amendments
Our operating agreement may be amended by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the units constituting a quorum, represented either in person or by proxy or mail ballot, at any regular or special meeting of the members. No amendment shall be adopted that modifies the limited liability of a member, or alters the membership economic interest of a member, without the adversely affected member’s consent.
Dissolution
Our operating agreement provides that a voluntary dissolution of East Coast Ethanol may be affected only upon the prior approval of a 75% super majority of all units entitled to vote.
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF OWNING OUR UNITS
This section of the prospectus describes the material federal income tax risks and consequences of your investment in East Coast Ethanol. No information regarding state and local taxes is provided. Each prospective member should consult his or her own tax advisor concerning the impact that his or her investment in East Coast Ethanol may have on his or her federal income tax liability and the application of state and local income and other tax laws to his or her investment in East Coast Ethanol. Although we will furnish unit holders with such information regarding East Coast Ethanol as is required for income tax purposes, each unit holder will be responsible for preparing and filing his or her own tax returns.
The following discussion of the tax aspects of an investment in our units is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), existing Treasury Department regulations (“Regulations”), and administrative rulings and judicial decisions interpreting the Code. Significant uncertainty exists regarding certain tax aspects of limited liability companies. Such uncertainty is due, in part, to continuing changes in federal tax law that have not been fully interpreted through regulations or judicial decisions. Tax legislation may be enacted in the future that will affect East Coast Ethanol and a unit holder’s investment in East Coast Ethanol. Additionally, the interpretation of existing law and regulations described here may be challenged by the Internal Revenue Service during an audit of our information return. If successful, such a challenge likely would result in adjustment of a unit holder’s individual return.
The tax opinion contained in this section and the opinion attached as exhibit 8.1 to the registration statement constitute the opinion of our tax counsel, Brown, Winick, Graves, Gross, Baskerville & Schoenebaum, P.L.C., regarding our classification for federal income tax purposes and our taxation of investors on their allocable share of the Company’s income, gains, losses and deductions recognized by the Company without regard to cash distributions.. An opinion of legal counsel represents an expression of legal counsel’s professional judgment regarding the subject matter of the opinion. It is neither a guarantee of any indicated result nor an undertaking to defend any indicated result should that result be challenged by the Internal Revenue Service. This opinion is in no way binding on the Internal Revenue Service or on any court of law.
Our tax counsel’s opinion is that we will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, and this section is an expression of our tax counsel’s professional judgment regarding the federal income tax consequences of owning our units, insofar as it relates to matters of law and legal conclusions. The tax consequences to us and our members are highly dependent on matters of fact that may occur at a future date and are not addressed in our tax counsel’s opinion. This section is based on the assumptions and qualifications stated or referenced in this section. It is neither a guarantee of the indicated result nor an undertaking to defend the indicated result should it be challenged by the Internal Revenue Service. No rulings have been or will be requested from the Internal Revenue Service concerning any of the tax matters we describe. Accordingly, you should know that the opinion of our tax counsel does not assure the intended tax consequences because it is in no way binding on the Internal Revenue Service or any court of law. The Internal Revenue Service or a court may disagree with the following discussion or with any of the positions taken by us for federal income tax reporting purposes, and the opinion of our tax counsel may not be sufficient for an investor to use for the purpose of avoiding penalties relating to a substantial understatement of income tax under Section 6662(d). See “FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF OWNING OUR UNITS – Interest on Underpayment of Taxes; Accuracy-Related Penalties; Negligence Penalties” below.
Investors are urged to consult their own tax advisors with specific reference to their own tax and financial situations, including the application and effect of state, local and other tax laws, and any possible changes in the tax laws after the date of this prospectus. This section is not to be constructed as a substitute for careful tax planning.
Partnership Status
Under Treasury regulations, known as “check-the-box” regulations, an unincorporated entity such as a limited liability company will be taxed as partnership unless the entity is considered a publicly traded limited partnership or the entity affirmatively elects to be taxed as a corporation. Accordingly, it is the opinion of Brown, Winick, Graves, Gross, Baskerville and Schoenebaum, P.L.C. that we will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. This means that we will not pay any federal income tax and the unit holders will pay tax on their shares of our net income.
We will not elect to be taxed as a corporation and will endeavor to take steps as are feasible and advisable to avoid classification as a publicly traded limited partnership. Congress has shown no inclination to adopt legislation that would jeopardize the tax classification of the many entities that have acted in reliance on the check-the-box regulations.
As a partnership, if we fail to qualify for partnership taxation, we would be treated as a “C corporation” for federal income tax purposes. As a C corporation, we would be taxed on our taxable income at corporate rates, currently at a maximum rate of 35 percent. Distributions would generally be taxed again to unit holders as corporate dividends. In addition, unit holders would not be required to report their shares of our income, gains, losses or deductions on their tax returns until such are distributed. Because a tax would be imposed upon us as a corporate entity, the cash available for distribution to unit holders would be reduced by the amount of tax paid, in which case the value of the units would be reduced.
Publicly Traded Partnership Rules
To qualify for taxation as a partnership, we cannot be a publicly traded partnership under Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code. Generally, Section 7704 provides that a partnership will be classified as a publicly traded partnership and will be taxed as a corporation if its interests are:
| Ø | Traded on an established securities market; or |
| Ø | Readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent. |
Although there is no legal authority on whether a limited liability company is subject to these rules, in the opinion of our counsel, we are subject to testing under the publicly traded partnership rules because we elected to be classified and taxed as a partnership. We will seek to avoid being treated as a publicly traded partnership. Under Section 1.7704-1(d) of the Treasury Regulations, interests in a partnership are not considered traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market unless the partnership participates in the establishment of the market or the inclusion of its interests in a market, or the partnership recognizes any transfers made on the market by redeeming the transferor partner or admitting the transferee as a partner.
We do not intend to list the units on the New York Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ Stock Market or any other stock exchange. In addition, our operating agreement prohibits any transfer of units without the approval of our directors. Our directors intend to approve transfers that fall within safe harbor provisions of the Treasury Regulations, so that we will not be classified as a publicly traded partnership. These safe harbor provisions generally provide that the units will not be treated as readily tradable on a secondary market, or the substantial equivalent, if the interests are transferred:
| Ø | In “private” transfers, which include among other |
| o | Transfers by gifts in which the transferee’s tax basis in the units is determined by reference to the transferor’s tax basis in the interests transferred; |
| o | Transfers at death, including transfers from an estate or testamentary trust; |
| o | Transfers between members of a family as defined in Section 267(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code; |
| o | Transfers from retirement plans qualified under Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code or an IRA; or |
| Ø | Pursuant to a qualified matching service; or |
| Ø | In limited amounts that satisfy a 2 percent test. |
“Block transfers.” A block transfer is a transfer by a unit holder and any related persons as defined in the Internal Revenue Code in one or more transactions during any thirty-calendar-day period of units that in the aggregate represents more than two percent of the total interests in partnership capital or profits. Transfers through a qualified matching service are also disregarded in determining whether interests are readily tradable. A matching service is qualified only if:
| Ø | It consists of a computerized or printed system that lists customers’ bid and/or ask prices in order to match unit holders who want to sell with persons who want to buy; |
| Ø | Matching occurs either by matching the list of interested buyers with the list of interested sellers or through a bid and ask process that allows interested buyers to bid on the listed interest; |
| Ø | The seller cannot enter into a binding agreement to sell the interest until the 15th calendar day after his interest is listed, which time period must be confirmable by maintenance of contemporaneous records; |
| Ø | The closing of a sale effectuated through the matching service does not occur prior to the 45th calendar day after the interest is listed; |
| Ø | The matching service displays only quotes that do not commit any person to buy or sell an interest at the quoted price (nonfirm price quotes), or quotes that express an interest in acquiring an interest without an accompanying price (nonbinding indications of interest), and does not display quotes at which any person is committed to buy or sell an interest at the quoted price; |
| Ø | The seller’s information is removed within 120 days of its listing and is not reentered into the system for at least 60 days after its deletion; and |
| Ø | The sum of the percentage interests transferred during the entity’s tax year, excluding private transfers, cannot exceed ten percent of the total interests in partnership capital or profits. |
Moreover, interests are not treated as readily tradable if the sum of the percentage of the interests transferred during the entity’s tax year, excluding private transfers, do not exceed two percent of the total interests in partnership capital or profits. We expect to use a combination of these safe harbor provisions to avoid being treated as a publicly traded partnership.
After we commence operations, we may decide to implement a qualified matching service in order to provide a mechanism for our members to transfer limited quantities of our membership units. A qualified matching service typically involves the use of a computerized or printed listing system that lists customers’ bids and/or asks prices to match members who want to dispose of their membership interests with persons who want to buy such interests. If we decide to do so, in addition to the tax laws described above, we must also comply with securities laws and rules regarding exemption from registration as a broker-dealer. Alternatively, we may determine to use an alternative trading service to handle qualified matching service matters for us. If we manage a qualified matching service ourselves, we will not undertake activities that are allowed by the tax laws, if such activities would disqualify us for exemption from registration as a broker-dealer. For example, while the tax rules allow interested buyers and interested sellers to locate each other via a qualified matching service, we could not directly participate in the match making without registering as a broker-dealer. We have no intention of registering as a broker-dealer. Therefore, among other restrictions, we must not have any involvement in matching interested buyers with interested sellers. This may make it difficult for our members to find buyers for their units.
Tax Treatment of Our Operation; Flow-Through Taxable Income and Loss; Use of Calendar Year
Our tax counsel’s opinion is that we will pay no federal income tax. Instead, as unit holders, investors will be required to report on their income tax return their allocable share of the income, gains, losses and deductions we have recognized without regard to whether they receive cash distributions. Because we will be taxed as a partnership, we will have our own taxable year that is separate from the taxable years of our unit holders. Unless a business purpose can be established to support a different taxable year, a partnership must use the “majority interest taxable year” which is the taxable year that conforms to the taxable year of the holders of more than 50 percent of its interests. In this case, the majority interest taxable year is the calendar year.
Tax Consequences to Our Unit Holders
As a unit holder, for your taxable year with which or within which our taxable year ends you will be required to report on your own income tax return, your distributive share of our income, gains, losses and deductions regardless of whether you receive any cash distributions. To illustrate, a unit holder reporting on a calendar year basis will include his or her share of our 2008 taxable income or loss on his or her 2008 income tax return. A unit holder with a September 30 fiscal year will report his share of our 2008 taxable income or loss on his income tax return for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2009. We will provide each unit holder with an annual Schedule K-1 indicating such holder’s share of our income, loss and separately stated components.
Tax Treatment of Distributions
Distributions made by us to a unit holder will not be taxable to the unit holder for federal income tax purposes as long as distributions do not exceed the unit holder’s basis in his units immediately before the distribution, provided the distribution is not treated as a guaranteed payment under Section 707(c), a payment to a unit holder not in his or her capacity as a unit holder under Section 707(a), or a distribution subject to the disguised sale rules of Section 737 of the Internal Revenue Code. Cash distributions in excess of unit basis, which is unlikely to occur, are treated as gain from the sale or exchange of the units under the rules described below for unit dispositions.
Initial Tax Basis of Units and Periodic Basis Adjustments
Under Section 722 of the Internal Revenue Code, an investor’s initial basis in the units an investor purchases will be equal to the sum of the amount of money such investor paid for the investor’s units. Here, an investor’s initial basis in each unit will be $15,000. An investor’s initial basis in the units will be increased to reflect the investor’s distributive share of our taxable income, tax-exempt income, gains and any increase in the investor’s share of recourse and non-recourse indebtedness. If the investor makes additional capital contributions at any time, the adjusted basis of the investor’s units will be increased by the amount of any cash contributed or the adjusted basis in any property contributed if additional units are not distributed to investors.
The basis of an investor’s units will be decreased, but not below zero, by:
| Ø | The amount of any cash we distribute to the investors; |
| Ø | The basis of any other property distributed to the investor; |
| Ø | The investor’s distributive share of losses and nondeductible expenditures that are “not properly chargeable to capital account;” and |
| Ø | Any reduction in the investor’s share of certain items of our debt. |
The unit basis calculations are complex. A member is only required to compute unit basis if the computation is necessary to determine his tax liability, but accurate records should be maintained. Typically, basis computations are necessary at the following times:
| Ø | The end of a taxable year during which we suffered a loss, for the purpose of determining the deductibility of the member’s share of the loss; |
| Ø | Upon the liquidation or disposition of a member’s interest, or |
| Ø | Upon the non-liquidating distribution of cash or property to an investor, in order to ascertain the basis of distributed property or the taxability of cash distributed. |
Except in the case of a taxable sale of a unit or East Coast Ethanol’s liquidation, exact computations usually are not necessary. For example, a unit holder who regularly receives cash distributions that are less than or equal to his or her share of our taxable income will have a positive unit basis at all times. Consequently, no computations are necessary to demonstrate that cash distributions are not taxable under Section 731(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code. The purpose of the basis adjustments is to keep track of a member’s tax investment in us, with a view toward preventing double taxation or exclusion from taxation of income items upon ultimate disposition of the units.
Deductibility of Losses; Basis, At-Risk and Passive Loss Limitations
A unit holder may deduct losses allocated to him, subject to a number of restrictions. An investor’s ability to deduct any losses we allocate to the investor is determined by applying the following three limitations dealing with basis, at-risk and passive losses:
| Ø | Basis. An investor may not deduct an amount exceeding the investor’s adjusted basis in the investor’s units pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 704(d). If the investor’s share of our losses exceed the investor’s basis in the investor’s units at the end of any taxable year, such excess losses, to the extent that they exceed the investor’s adjusted basis, may be carried over indefinitely and deducted to the extent that at the end of any succeeding year the investor’s adjusted basis in the investor’s units exceeds zero. |
| Ø | At-Risk Rules. Under the “at-risk” provisions of Section 465 of the Internal Revenue Code, if an investor is an individual taxpayer, including an individual partner in a partnership, or a closely-held corporation, the investor may deduct losses and tax credits from a trade or business activity, and thereby reduce the investor’s taxable income from other sources, only to the extent the investor is considered “at risk” with respect to that particular activity. The amount an investor is considered to have “at risk” includes money contributed to the activity and certain amounts borrowed with respect to the activity for which the investor may be liable. |
| Ø | Passive Loss Rules. Section 469 of the Internal Revenue Code may substantially restrict an investor’s ability to deduct losses and tax credits from passive activities. Passive activities generally include activities conducted by pass-through entities, such as a limited liability company, certain partnerships or S corporations, in which the taxpayer does not materially participate. Losses from passive activities are deductible only to the extent of the taxpayer’s income from other passive activities. Passive activity losses that are not deductible may be carried forward and deducted against future passive activity income or may be deducted in full upon disposition of a unit holder’s entire interest in us to an unrelated party in a fully taxable transaction. It is important to note that “passive activities” do not include dividends and interest income that normally is considered to be “passive” in nature. For unit holders who borrow to purchase their units, interest expense attributable to the amount borrowed will be aggregated with other items of income and loss from passive activities and subjected to the passive activity loss limitation. To illustrate, if a unit holder’s only passive activity is our limited liability company, and if we incur a net loss, no interest expense on the related borrowing would be deductible. If that unit holder’s share of our taxable income were less than the related interest expense, the excess would be nondeductible. In both instances, the disallowed interest would be suspended and would be deductible against future passive activity income or upon disposition of the unit holder’s entire interest in our limited liability company to an unrelated party in a fully taxable transaction. |
Passive Activity Income
If we are successful in achieving our investment and operating objectives, investors may be allocated taxable income from us. To the extent that an investor’s share of our net income constitutes income from a passive activity, as described above, such income may generally be offset by the investor’s net losses and credits from investments in other passive activities.
Alternative Minimum Tax
Individual taxpayers are subject to an “alternative minimum tax” if such tax exceeds the individual’s regular income tax. Alternative minimum taxable income is the taxpayer’s adjusted gross income increased or decreased by the amount of certain adjustments and preference items. We may generate preference items affecting a member’s alternative minimum taxable income. Depending on a member’s other items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit, the impact of the alternative minimum tax on a member’s overall federal income tax liability may vary from no impact to a substantial increase in tax. Accordingly, each prospective investor should consult with his tax advisor regarding the impact of an investment in East Coast Ethanol on the calculation of his alternative minimum tax, as well as on his overall federal income tax liability.
Allocations of Income and Losses
Your distributive share of our income, gain, loss or deduction for federal income tax purposes generally is determined in accordance with our operating agreement. Under Section 704(b) of the Internal Revenue Code, however, the Internal Revenue Service will respect our allocation, or a portion of it, only if it either has “substantial economic effect” or is in accordance with the “partner’s interest in the partnership.” If the allocation or portion thereof contained in our operating agreement does not meet either test, the Internal Revenue Service may reallocate these items in accordance with its determination of each member’s economic interest in us. Treasury Regulations contain guidelines as to whether partnership allocations have substantial economic effect. The allocations contained in the operating agreement are intended to comply with the Treasury Regulations’ test for having substantial economic effect. New unit holders will be allocated a proportionate share of income or loss for the year in which they became unit holders. The operating agreement permits our directors to select any method and convention permissible under Internal Revenue Code Section 706 for the allocation of tax items during the time any person is admitted as a unit holder. In addition, the operating agreement provides that upon the transfer of all or a portion of a unit holder’s units, other than at the end of the fiscal year, the entire year’s net income or net loss allocable to the transferred units will be apportioned between the transferor and transferee.
Tax Consequences Upon Disposition of Units
Gain or loss will be recognized on a sale of our units equal to the difference between the amount realized and the unit holder’s basis in the units sold. The amount realized includes cash and the fair market value of any property received plus the member’s share of certain items of our debt. Although unlikely, since certain items of our debt are included in an investor’s basis, it is possible that an investor could have a tax liability upon the sale of the investor’s units that exceeds the proceeds of sale.
Gain or loss recognized by a unit holder on the sale or exchange of a unit held for more than one year generally will be taxed as long-term capital gain or loss. However, to the extent the amount realized on the sale or exchange is attributable to unrealized receivables or inventory owned by us, such amount realized will not be treated as realized from the sale of a capital asset and will give rise to ordinary gain or loss. Unrealized receivables are defined under Internal Revenue Code Section 751(c) to include receivables not previously included in income under the company’s method of accounting and certain items of depreciation recapture. We will assist those members that sell units in determining that portion of the amount realized that is attributable to unrealized receivables or inventory of our company.
Effect of Tax Code Section 754 Election on Unit Transfers
The adjusted basis of each unit holder in his units, “outside basis,” initially will equal his proportionate share of our adjusted basis in our assets, “inside basis.” Over time, however, it is probable that changes in unit values and cost recovery deductions will cause the value of a unit to differ materially from the unit holder’s proportionate share of the inside basis. Section 754 of the Internal Revenue Code permits a partnership to make an election that allows a transferee who acquires units either by purchase or upon the death of a unit holder to adjust his share of the inside basis to fair market value as reflected by the unit price in the case of a purchase or the estate tax value of the unit in the case of an acquisition upon death of a unit holder. Once the amount of the transferee’s basis adjustment is determined, it is allocated among our various assets pursuant to Section 755 of the Internal Revenue Code.
A Section 754 election is beneficial to the transferee when his outside basis is greater than his proportionate share of the entity’s inside basis. In this case, a special basis calculation is made solely for the benefit of the transferee that will determine his cost recovery deductions and his gain or loss on disposition of property by reference to his higher outside basis. The Section 754 election will be detrimental to the transferee if his outside basis is less than his proportionate share of inside basis.
If we make a Section 754 election, Treasury Regulations require us to make the basis adjustments. In addition, these regulations place the responsibility for reporting basis adjustments on us. We must report basis adjustments by attaching statements to our partnership returns. In addition, we are required to adjust specific partnership items in light of the basis adjustments. Consequently, amounts reported on the transferee’s Schedule K-1 are adjusted amounts.
Transferees are subject to an affirmative obligation to notify us of their bases in acquired interests. To accommodate concerns about the reliability of the information provided, we are entitled to rely on the written representations of transferees concerning either the amount paid for the partnership interest or the transferee’s basis in the partnership interest under Section 1014 of the Internal Revenue Code, unless clearly erroneous.
Our operating agreement provides our directors with authority to determine whether or not a Section 754 election will be made. Depending on the circumstances, the value of units may be affected positively or negatively by whether or not the directors choose to make a Section 754 election. If the directors decide to make a Section 754 election, the election will be made on a timely filed partnership income tax return and is effective for transfers occurring in the taxable year of the return in which the election is made. Once made, the Section 754 election is irrevocable unless the Internal Revenue Service consents to its revocation.
Our Dissolution and Liquidation may be Taxable to Investors, Unless our Properties are Distributed In-Kind
Our dissolution and liquidation will involve the distribution to investors of the assets, if any, remaining after payment of all of our debts and liabilities. Upon dissolution, investors’ units may be liquidated by one or more distributions of cash or other property. If investors receive only cash upon the dissolution, gain would be recognized by investors to the extent, if any, that the amount of cash received exceeds investors’ adjusted bases in investors’ units. We will recognize no gain or loss if we distribute our own property in a dissolution event. However, since our primary asset will likely be the ethanol plants, it is unlikely that we will make a distribution in kind.
Reporting Requirements
The IRS requires a taxpayer who sells or exchanges a membership unit to notify us in writing within 30 days, or for transfers occurring on or after December 16 of any year, by January 15 of the following year. Although the IRS reporting requirement is limited to Section 751(a) exchanges, it is more likely than not that a transfer of a unit will constitute a Section 751(a) exchange which requires notification. The written notice required by the IRS must include the names and addresses of both parties to the exchange, the identifying numbers of the transferor, and if known, of the transferee, and the exchange date. Currently the IRS imposes a penalty of $50 for failure to file the written notice unless reasonable cause can be shown.
Tax Information to Members
We will annually provide each member with a Schedule K-1 (or an authorized substitute). Each member’s Schedule K-1 will set out the holder’s distributive share of each item of income, gain, loss, deduction or credit to be separately stated. Each member must report all items consistently with Schedule K-1 or, if an inconsistent position is reported, must notify the IRS of any inconsistency by filing Form 8062 “Notice of Inconsistent Treatment or Administrative Adjustment Request” with the original or amended return in which the inconsistent position is taken.
Audit of Income Tax Returns
The Internal Revenue Service may audit our income tax returns and may challenge positions taken by us for tax purposes and may seek to change our allocations of income, gain, loss and deduction to investors. If the IRS were successful in challenging our allocations in a manner that reduces loss or increases income allocable to investors, investors may have additional tax liabilities. In addition, such an audit could lead to separate audits of an investor’s tax returns, especially if adjustments are required, which could result in adjustments on an investors’ tax returns. Any of these events could result in additional tax liabilities, penalties and interest to investors, and the cost of filing amended tax returns.
Generally, investors are required to file their tax returns in a manner consistent with the information returns filed by us, such as Schedule K-1, or investors may be subject to possible penalties, unless they file a statement with their tax returns describing any inconsistency. In addition, we will select a “tax matters member” who will have certain responsibilities with respect to any Internal Revenue Service audit and any court litigation relating to us. Investors should consult their tax advisors as to the potential impact these procedural rules may have on them.
Prior to 1982, regardless of the size of a partnership, adjustments to a partnership’s items of income, gain, loss, deduction or credit had to be made in separate proceedings with respect to each partner individually. Because a large partnership sometimes had many partners located in different audit districts, adjustments to items of income, gains, losses, deductions or credits of the partnership had to be made in numerous actions in several jurisdictions, sometimes with conflicting outcomes. The Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (“TEFRA”) established unified audit rules applicable to all but certain small partnerships. These rules require the tax treatment of all “partnership items” to be determined at the partnership, rather than the partner, level. Partnership items are those items that are more appropriately determined at the partnership level than at the partner level, as provided by regulations. Since we will be taxed as a partnership, the TEFRA rules are applicable to our members and us.
The Internal Revenue Service may challenge the reporting position of a partnership by conducting a single administrative proceeding to resolve the issue with respect to all partners. But the Internal Revenue Service must still assess any resulting deficiency against each of the taxpayers who were partners in the year in which the understatement of tax liability arose. Any partner of a partnership can request an administrative adjustment or a refund for his own separate tax liability. Any partner also has the right to participate in partnership-level administrative proceedings. A settlement agreement with respect to partnership items binds all parties to the settlement. The TEFRA rules establish the “Tax Matters Member” as the primary representative of a partnership in dealings with the Internal Revenue Service. The Tax Matters Member must be a “member-manager” which is defined as a company member who, alone or together with others, is vested with the continuing exclusive authority to make the management decisions necessary to conduct the business for which the organization was formed. In our case, this would be a member of the board of directors who is also a unit holder of the company. Our operating agreement provides for board designation of the Tax Matters Member. The Internal Revenue Service generally is required to give notice of the beginning of partnership-level administrative proceedings and any resulting administrative adjustment to all partners whose names and addresses are furnished to the Internal Revenue Service.
Interest on Underpayment of Taxes; Accuracy-Related Penalties; Negligence Penalties
If we incorrectly report an investor’s distributive share of our net income, such may cause the investor to underpay his taxes. If it is determined that the investor underpaid his taxes for any taxable year, the investor must pay the amount of taxes he underpaid plus interest on the underpayment and possibly penalties from the date the tax was originally due. Under recent law changes, the accrual of interest and penalties may be suspended for certain qualifying individual taxpayers if the IRS does not notify an investor of amounts owing within 36 months of the earlier of the date the investor filed his income tax return or the original due date. The suspension period ends 21 days after the Internal Revenue Service sends the required notice. The rate of interest is compounded daily and is adjusted quarterly.
Under Section 6662 of the Internal Revenue Code, penalties may be imposed relating to the accuracy of tax returns that are filed. A 20 percent penalty is imposed with respect to any “substantial understatement of income tax” and with respect to the portion of any underpayment of tax attributable to a “substantial valuation misstatement” or to “negligence.” All those penalties are subject to an exception to the extent a taxpayer had reasonable cause for a position and acted in good faith.
The Internal Revenue Service may impose a 20 percent penalty with respect to any underpayment of tax attributable to negligence. An underpayment of taxes is attributable to negligence if such underpayment results from any failure to make a reasonable attempt to comply with the provisions of the Code, or any careless, reckless, or intentional disregard of the federal income tax rules or regulations. In addition, regulations provide that the failure by a taxpayer to include on a tax return any amount shown on an information return is strong evidence of negligence. The disclosure of a position on the taxpayer’s return will not necessarily prevent the imposition of the negligence penalty.
State and Local Taxes
In addition to the federal income tax consequences described above, investors should consider the state and local tax consequences of an investment in us. This prospectus makes no attempt to summarize the state and local tax consequences to an investor. Investors are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding state and local tax obligations.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the issuance of the units offered and the validity of the disclosure relating to the material federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of the units offered will be passed upon for us by BrownWinick PLC, located at 666 Grand Avenue, Suite 2000, Des Moines, Iowa 50309.
East Coast Ethanol is not a party to any pending legal proceedings.
EXPERTS
The East Coast Ethanol, LLC, Florida Ethanol, LLC, Mid-Atlantic, LLC and Atlantic Ethanol, LLC financial statements appearing in this Prospectus and Registration Statement have been audited by HEIN & ASSOCIATES LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, to the extent and for the periods indicated in their reports, which reports express unqualified opinions and are included in reliance upon such reports and upon the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
TRANSFER AGENT
We will serve as our own transfer agent and registrar.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
As of effectiveness of our registration statement, we will be required to file periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) pursuant to Section 15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Our quarterly reports will be made on Form 10-Q, and our annual reports will be made on Form 10-K. We will also make current reports on Form 8-K. We will deliver audited annual financial statements and other financial information to our members pursuant to our operating agreement. Each filing we make with the SEC is immediately available to the public for inspection and copying at the Commission’s public reference facilities and the web site of the Commission referred to above or by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.
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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
East Coast Ethanol, LLC
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
East Coast Ethanol, LLC (f/k/a Palmetto Agri Fuels, LLC) Financial Statements – December 31, 2006 Audited, December 31, 2007 Audited and June 30, 2008 Unaudited.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | F-1 |
Financial Statements | |
Balance Sheet | F-2 |
Statement of Operations | F-3 |
Statement of Members’ Equity | F-4 |
Statement of Cash Flows | F-5 |
Notes to Financial Statements | F-6 – F-11 |
Florida Ethanol, LLC Financial Statements – December 31, 2006 Audited and September 5, 2007 Unaudited.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | F-12 |
Financial Statements | |
Balance Sheet | F-13 |
Statement of Operations | F-14 |
Statement of Members’ Equity | F-15 |
Statement of Cash Flows | F-16 |
Notes to Financial Statements | F-17 – F-20 |
Mid-Atlantic Ethanol, LLC Financial Statements - December 31, 2006 Audited and September 5, 2007 Unaudited.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | F-21 |
Financial Statements | |
Balance Sheet | F-22 |
Statement of Operations | F-23 |
Statement of Members’ Equity | F-24 |
Statement of Cash Flows | F-25 |
Notes to Financial Statements | F-26 – F-29 |
Atlantic Ethanol, LLC Financial Statements - December 31, 2006 Audited and September 5, 2007 Unaudited.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | F-30 |
Financial Statements | |
Balance Sheet | F-31 |
Statement of Operations | F-32 |
Statement of Members’ Equity | F-33 |
Statement of Cash Flows | F-34 |
Notes to Financial Statements | F-35 – F-38 |
Pro Forma Financial Statements
Consolidated Statement of Operations – January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2007 | F-39 |
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors
East Coast Ethanol, LLC
We have audited the balance sheets of East Coast Ethanol, LLC as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related statements of operations, members’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company has determined that it is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of East Coast Ethanol, LLC as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006.
HEIN & ASSOCIATES LLP
Denver, Colorado
June 6, 2008
EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC
FORMERLY PALMETTO AGRI-FUELS, LLC FOR FINANCIAL REPORTING PURPOSES
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
BALANCE SHEET
| | June 30, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 | | December 31, 2006 | |
| | (unaudited) | | (audited) | | (audited) | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | | | | |
CURRENT ASSETS | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 3,992,583 | | $ | 6,673,680 | | $ | 639,355 | |
Interest receivable | | | 7,180 | | | | | | | |
Receivables - other | | | 5,351 | | | - | | | - | |
Total current assets | | | 4,005,114 | | | 6,673,680 | | | 639,355 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
INVESTMENTS | | | 100,000 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT | | | | | | | | | | |
Construction in progress | | | 273,830 | | | 28,264 | | | - | |
Office furniture & equipment | | | 41,168 | | | | | | | |
Less accumulated depreciation | | | (8,426 | ) | | (2,485 | ) | | - | |
| | | 306,572 | | | 25,779 | | | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
DEFERRED OFFERING COSTS | | | 747,282 | | | 125,285 | | | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
DEPOSITS AND OTHER ASSETS | | | 1,370,349 | | | 639,967 | | | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 6,529,317 | | $ | 7,464,711 | | $ | 639,355 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS' EQUITY | | | | | | | | | | |
CURRENT LIABILITIES | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | | $ | 394,957 | | $ | 245,095 | | $ | 22,190 | |
Total current liabilities | | | 394,957 | | | 245,095 | | | 22,190 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Notes 4 and 5) | | | - | | | - | | | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
TOTAL MEMBERS' EQUITY | | | | | | | | | | |
Membership contributions; authorized (unlimited) and 2180 units issued and outstanding | | | 8,603,662 | | | 8,603,662 | | | 780,000 | |
Deficit accumulated during the development stage | | | (2,469,302 | ) | | (1,384,046 | ) | | (162,835 | ) |
| | | 6,134,360 | | | 7,219,616 | | | 617,165 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 6,529,317 | | $ | 7,464,711 | | $ | 639,355 | |
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements
EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC
FORMERLY PALMETTO AGRI-FUELS, LLC FOR FINANCIAL REPORTING PURPOSES
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
| | | | | | | | | | For the period from | |
| | Six months ending | | Six months ending | | Year ending | | Year ending | | August 4, 2006 | |
| | June 30, 2008 | | June 30, 2007 | | December 31, 2007 | | December 31, 2006 | | (inception) through June | |
| | (unaudited) | | (unaudited) | | (audited) | | (audited) | | 30, 2008 (unaudited) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Organizational expenses | | | 235,369 | | | 86,180 | | | 566,133 | | | 42,743 | | | 844,245 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Start-up expenses | | | - | | | - | | | 306,835 | | | 126,409 | | | 433,244 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
General and administrative expenses | | | 923,153 | | | 88,564 | | | 489,348 | | | 142 | | | 1,412,643 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 1,158,522 | | | 174,744 | | | 1,362,316 | | | 169,294 | | | 2,690,132 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating loss | | | (1,158,522 | ) | | (174,744 | ) | | (1,362,316 | ) | | (169,294 | ) | | (2,690,132 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other Income (expense) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 73,266 | | | 18,084 | | | 141,144 | | | 6,459 | | | 220,869 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest expense | | | - | | | (39 | ) | | (39 | ) | | - | | | (39 | ) |
| | | 73,266 | | | 18,045 | | | 141,105 | | | 6,459 | | | 220,830 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (1,085,256 | ) | $ | (156,699 | ) | $ | (1,221,211 | ) | $ | (162,835 | ) | $ | (2,469,302 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss per unit (Basis and Diluted) | | $ | (498 | ) | $ | (295 | ) | $ | (1,327 | ) | $ | (1,266 | ) | $ | (1,133 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average units outstanding | | | 2,180 | | | 532 | | | 920 | | | 129 | | | 2,180 | |
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements
EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC
FORMERLY PALMETTO AGRI-FUELS, LLC FOR FINANCIAL REPORTING PURPOSES
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN MEMBERS' EQUITY
| | | | | | Deficit | | | |
| | | | | | Accumulated | | | |
| | | | | | During | | | |
| | | | Membership | | Development | | Total Member's | |
| | Units | | Contributions | | Stage | | Equity | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Members' equity at inception, August 4, 2006 | | | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Contributed capital for 105 units at $4,927 per unit, August 2006 | | | 105 | | | 520,000 | | | | | | 520,000 | |
Contributed capital for 37 units at $4,927 per unit, September 2006 | | | 37 | | | 180,000 | | | | | | 180,000 | |
Contributed capital for 16 units at $4,927 per unit, October 2006 | | | 16 | | | 80,000 | | | | | | 80,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss for the period ending December 31, 2006 | | | | | | - | | | (162,835 | ) | | (162,835 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Members' equity at December 31, 2006 | | | 158 | | | 780,000 | | | (162,835 | ) | | 617,165 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Contributed capital for 134 units at $4,927 per unit, Apr 2007 | | | 134 | | | 660,000 | | | | | | 660,000 | |
Contributed capital for 188 units at $4,927 per unit, May 2007 | | | 188 | | | 925,000 | | | | | | 925,000 | |
Contributed capital for 57 units at $4,927 per unit, June 2007 | | | 57 | | | 280,000 | | | | | | 280,000 | |
Contributed capital for 10 units at $4,927 per unit, July 2007 | | | 10 | | | 50,000 | | | | | | 50,000 | |
Contributed capital for 10 units at $4,927 per unit, August 2007 | | | 10 | | | 50,000 | | | | | | 50,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Redemption of member's interests of 4 units at $2,956 per unit, January 2007 | | | (4 | ) | | (12,000 | ) | | | | | (12,000 | ) |
Redemption of members' interests of 8 units at $2,956 per unit, March 2007 | | | (8 | ) | | (24,000 | ) | | | | | (24,000 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Issuance of 545 member units at $3,737 per unit to Florida Ethanol, LLC, September 6, 2007 | | | 545 | | | 2,036,893 | | | | | | 2,036,893 | |
Issuance of 545 member units at $3,955 per unit to Mid Atlantic Ethanol, LLC, September 6, 2007 | | | 545 | | | 2,155,569 | | | | | | 2,155,569 | |
Issuance of 545 member units at $3,121 per unit to Atlantic Ethanol, LLC, September 6, 2007 | | | 545 | | | 1,702,200 | | | | | | 1,702,200 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss for the year ending December 31, 2007 | | | | | | | | | (1,221,211 | ) | | (1,221,211 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Members' equity at December 31, 2007 | | | 2,180 | | | 8,603,662 | | | (1,384,046 | ) | | 7,219,616 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss for the six months ending June 30, 2008 (unaudited) | | | - | | | - | | | (1,085,256 | ) | | (1,085,256 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Members' equity at June 30, 2008 (unaudited) | | | 2,180 | | $ | 8,603,662 | | $ | (2,469,302 | ) | $ | 6,134,360 | |
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements
EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC
FORMERLY PALMETTO AGRI-FUELS, LLC FOR FINANCIAL REPORTING PURPOSES
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| | Six months ending June 30, 2008 (unaudited) | | Six months ending June 30, 2007 (unaudited) | | Year Ended December 31, 2007 (audited) | | Year Ended December 31, 2006 (audited) | | For the period from August 4, 2006 (inception) through June 30, 2008 (unaudited) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (1,085,256 | ) | $ | (156,699 | ) | $ | (1,221,211 | ) | $ | (162,835 | ) | $ | (2,469,302 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 5,941 | | | - | | | 2,485 | | | - | | | 8,426 | |
Changes in assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Increase in receivables | | | (12,531 | ) | | - | | | - | | | - | | | (12,531 | ) |
Decrease in other assets | | | 52,184 | | | (5,000 | ) | | (83,544 | ) | | - | | | (31,360 | ) |
Increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses | | | 149,862 | | | (16,368 | ) | | 5,361 | | | 22,190 | | | 177,413 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in operating activities | | | (889,800 | ) | | (178,067 | ) | | (1,296,909 | ) | | (140,645 | ) | | (2,327,354 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Expenditures for Property and Equipment and Construction in Progress | | | (286,734 | ) | | - | | | (11,275 | ) | | - | | | (298,009 | ) |
Deposits for property and engineering services | | | (732,566 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (732,566 | ) |
Investment in long-term certificate of deposit | | | (100,000 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (100,000 | ) |
Net cash received from acquisiton of LLC's | | | - | | | - | | | 5,538,794 | | | - | | | 5,538,794 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by / (used in) investing activities | | | (1,119,300 | ) | | - | | | 5,527,519 | | | - | | | 4,408,219 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from issuance of membership units | | | - | | | 1,829,000 | | | 1,965,000 | | | 780,000 | | | 2,745,000 | |
Expenditures for offering costs | | | (621,997 | ) | | - | | | (125,285 | ) | | - | | | (747,282 | ) |
Deposits for private placement costs | | | (50,000 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (50,000 | ) |
Redemption of members' interests | | | - | | | - | | | (36,000 | ) | | - | | | (36,000 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by / (used in) financing activities | | | (671,997 | ) | | 1,829,000 | | | 1,803,715 | | | 780,000 | | | 1,911,718 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | | (2,681,097 | ) | | 1,650,933 | | | 6,034,325 | | | 639,355 | | | 3,992,583 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | | | 6,673,680 | | | 639,355 | | | 639,355 | | | - | | | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | | $ | 3,992,583 | | $ | 2,290,288 | | $ | 6,673,680 | | $ | 639,355 | | $ | 3,992,583 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Purchase of assets and liabilities of acquired entities for member units | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | 355,868 | | $ | - | | $ | 355,868 | |
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements
EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC
FORMERLY PALMETTO AGRI-FUELS, LLC FOR FINANCIAL REPORTING PURPOSES
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
Notes to Financial Statements
(Information subsequent to December 31, 2007 is unaudited)
NOTE 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Business
EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC, (a development stage limited liability company) previously known as Palmetto Agri-Fuels, LLC for financial reporting purposes, (the “Company”) is expected to be located at various sites in Georgia, Florida, South Carolina and North Carolina. The Company intends to develop four 110-million gallon corn-based ethanol plants in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida for distribution within the southeast United States. Although subject to a number of uncertainties, the Company anticipates completing construction of all four plants in 2010. As of June 30, 2008, the Company is in the development stage with its efforts being principally devoted to start-up, organizational, financing, site evaluation and due-diligence activities.
The Company was formally organized as a limited liability company on August 4, 2006. On September 6, 2007, the Company acquired three development stage companies (See Note 2).
Basis of Presentation
The financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America require that management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and other items, as well as the reported revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition
To date, no revenue has been earned. If the proposed construction is completed, the Company expects to recognize revenue from the production of ethanol when the revenue cycle is complete and the title transfers to customers, net of any allowance for estimated returns.
Property and Equipment and Construction in Progress
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Significant additions are capitalized, while expenditures for maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are charged to operations when incurred. Office furniture and equipment is depreciated over the estimated useful life of 3 to 5 years on a straight-line basis. Construction in progress is stated at cost, which includes the cost of construction and other direct costs attributable to the construction. No provision for depreciation is made on construction in progress until such time as the relevant assets are completed and put into use. Construction in progress at June 30, 2008 represents engineering, design and other related costs incurred for site preparation.
The Company reviews its property and equipment for impairment whenever events indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recorded when the sum of the future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of the loss is determined by comparing the fair market value of the asset to the carrying amount of the asset.
Organization and start-up costs
Organization and start-up costs are expensed as incurred.
Deferred Offering Costs
Costs incurred related to the sale of membership units are recorded as deferred offering costs until the related units are issued or the offering is terminated. Upon issuance of units, these costs will be offset against the proceeds received. If the equity financing does not occur, these costs will be expensed. Offering costs include direct and incremental costs related to the offering such as legal fees and related costs associated with the Company’s proposed sale of membership units. As of June 30, 2008, the total deferred offering costs are $747,282.
Investments
In May 2008, the Company purchased a 2-year $100,000 Certificate of Deposit as collateral for the newly obtained company credit cards.
Deposits - Other Assets
As of June 30, 2008, the Company has $125,900 of earnest money deposits related to purchase and option purchase contracts for real estate.
The Company has entered into a lease agreement for office space in Benson, North Carolina. As of June 30, 2008, the Company has a refundable lease deposit of $800.
The Company entered into a Letter of Intent with an entity in August 2007 to provide certain engineering and consulting services related to the proposed project near Jesup, Georgia. As of June 30, 2008, the Company has a non-refundable commitment fee (retainer) with this entity of $1,166,666.
The Company put in place a directors and officers liability insurance policy commencing November 1, 2007. The premium cost of this policy is being amortized on a monthly basis over the twelve month policy period. As of June 30, 2008, the unamortized balance of this prepaid insurance asset is $21,667.
The Company has put in place a website maintenance contract beginning March 2008. The cost of this maintenance contract is being amortized on a monthly basis over the twelve month maintenance period. As of June 30, 2008, the unamortized balance of this prepaid maintenance is $1,667.
Income Taxes
The Company is organized as a limited liability company under state law and is treated as a partnership for income tax purposes. Under this type of organization, the Company’s taxable loss passes through to the members and is taxed at the member level. Accordingly, no income tax provision has been reflected in these financial statements. The differences between financial statement basis of assets and tax basis of assets is related to capitalization and amortization of organizational and start-up costs for tax purposes, where as these costs are expensed for financial statement purposes. The Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes– an Interpretation of FASB Statement 109 (“FIN 48”) in our fiscal year commencing January 1, 2007. The Company believes it has appropriate support for the income tax positions taken and to be taken on its tax returns.
Concentration of Credit Risk
The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are exposed to concentrations of credit risk. The Company manages and controls this risk by placing these funds with a major financial institution.
Net Loss per Membership Unit
For purposes of calculating basic and diluted net loss per member unit, units subscribed and issued are considered outstanding on the effective date of issue and are weighted by days outstanding. At June 30, 2008, the Company had 2,180 equity units outstanding that would be considered unit equivalents for purposes of computing net loss per unit. Through June 30, 2008, the Company has not issued any potentially dilutive securities.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2007 financial statements to conform to the 2008 presentation. Such reclassifications had no effect on net loss.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
For certain of our financial instruments, including other assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to their short maturities.
On January 1, 2008, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) 157, Fair Value Measurements. SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement and enhances disclosures requirements for fair value measures. The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheets for other assets, accounts payable, and accrued expenses each qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable estimate of their fair value because of the short period of time between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rate of interest. The three levels are defined as follows:
| · | Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. |
| · | Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. |
| · | Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. |
As of June 30, 2008, the Company did not identify any assets and liabilities that are required to be presented on the balance sheet at fair value.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS 141 (revised 2007) - Business Combinations (“SFAS 141R”), which replaces FASB Statement 141. SFAS 141R establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree and the goodwill acquired, and establishes that acquisitions costs will be generally expensed as incurred. This statement also establishes disclosure requirements which will enable users to evaluate the nature and financial effects of a business combination. SFAS 141R is effective as of the beginning of an entity’s fiscal year that begins after December 15, 2008, which will be East Coast Ethanol, LLC’s year beginning January 1, 2009. We are currently assessing the potential impact, if any, of the adoption of SFAS 141R on our results of operations and financial condition.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 159, The Fair Value Options for Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Liabilities. This Statement establishes presentation and disclosure requirements designed to facilitate comparisons between companies that choose different measurement attributes for similar types of assets and liabilities. SFAS 159 was effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2008, and the adoption had no material effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
In December 2007, FASB issued SFAS 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements – an amendment of ARB 51. SFAS 160 amends ARB 51 to establish accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. It clarifies that a controlling interest in a subsidiary, which is sometimes referred to as minority interest, is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements. Among other requirements, this statement requires consolidated net income to be reported at amounts that include the amounts attributable to both the parent and the noncontrolling interest. It also requires disclosure, on the face of the consolidated income statement, of the amounts of the consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest. SFAS 160 is effective for our fiscal year commencing January 1, 2008, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Earlier adoption is prohibited. The Company believes SFAS 160 will have no impact on our results of operations and financial condition.
In March 2008, FASB issued FASB Statement No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. The new standard is intended to improve financial reporting about derivative instruments and hedging activities by requiring enhanced disclosures to enable investors to better understand their effects on an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. It is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company believes that SFAS 161 will have no impact on our results of operations and financial condition.
NOTE 2. BUSINESS COMBINATION
On September 6, 2007, four limited liability companies were merged into a newly formed entity (East Coast Ethanol, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company). Effective upon the consummation of the merger, the four Limited Liability Companies (Palmetto Agri-Fuels, LLC (acquirer) and the acquired entities including Atlantic Ethanol, LLC, Mid Atlantic Ethanol, LLC, and Florida Ethanol, LLC) were dissolved. Accordingly, each of the membership interests in the predecessor entities was converted into a corresponding membership interest in East Coast Ethanol, LLC. Through board of director composition, officer composition, and net asset comparison, Palmetto Agri-Fuels, LLC was deemed to be the acquiring entity for financial reporting purposes. As such, the financial statements of East Coast Ethanol, LLC reflect the operations of Palmetto Agri-Fuels, LLC from its inception (August 4, 2006) to date and the operations of the acquired entities from September 6, 2007 to date. The membership interests in Palmetto Agri-Fuels, LLC have been adjusted in these financial statements to reflect the membership interest ultimately received in East Coast Ethanol, LLC.
The merger is considered a business combination in accordance with SFAS 141. As the transaction was consummated through the exchange of equity interests of four development stage entities for equity interest in a newly formed entity, the business combination was measured on the basis of the fair values of the net assets acquired. The net assets of the predecessor entities primarily consisted of cash (95% of net assets) and accounts payable (3% of net assets), which by their short-term nature are recorded at fair value. As such, the net assets of the acquired entities were recorded at their historical costs by East Coast Ethanol, LLC, which approximated their fair values on the date of the transaction.
NOTE 3. MEMBERSHIP EQUITY
As specified in the Company’s Operating Agreement, voting rights are one vote for each voting unit registered in the name of such Member as shown on the Membership Registration maintained by the Company.
Income and losses of the Company shall be allocated among the Members in proportion to each Member’s respective percentage of Units when compared with the total Units issued. The Company’s cash flow shall first be applied to the payment of the Company’s operating expenses (including debt service) and then to maintenance of adequate cash reserves as determined by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, shall be distributed from time to time to the Members in proportion to their respective percentage Units. No member has the right to demand and receive any distribution from the Company other than in cash. No distribution shall be made if, as a result thereof, the Company would be in violation of any loan agreement, or if the Company’s total assets would be less than the sum of its total liabilities.
Transfer, disposition or encumbrance of membership units are subject to certain significant restrictions, including a restriction that prohibits disposals without the approval by the Board of Directors.
Initial investors purchased 158 units at $4,927 per unit in August through October 2006, and initial and additional investors purchased 387 units at $4,927 per unit in April through August 2007. On September 6, 2007, East Coast Ethanol, LLC issued 545 units to the members of Atlantic Ethanol, LLC, Mid Atlantic Ethanol, LLC, and Florida Ethanol, LLC for a total of 2,180 units in a merger of the four entities.
NOTE 4. COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND RELATED PARTIES
Development Stage Operations and Liquidity
The Company is in the development state and anticipates that the total cost of the organization, start-up, and to construct the four plants to be approximately $871,500,000. The Company’s ability to construct its ethanol plants and commence operations is dependent on raising sufficient debt and equity capital. If and when the plants are completed, its liquidity, results of operations and financial performance will be impacted by many variables, including the market price for commodities such as, but not limited to corn, ethanol and other energy commodities, as well as the market price for any co-products generated by the facilities and the cost of labor and other operating costs. It is also possible that changes to the United States Tax Code could affect the financial results of future operations.
Consulting Agreements and Contracts
The Company entered into a Memorandum of Understanding in 2007 with an entity pursuant to which this entity will assist in contracting negotiations with various service and product providers; assist in the planning of the Company’s equity marketing effort; assist with the securing of debt and equity financing for the commencement of construction of the plants; assist in the education of local lenders; and perform such other reasonably necessary duties as the Company may request for the timely and successful securing of debt and equity financing and commencement of construction of the plants. In exchange for these project development services, the Company has agreed to compensate this entity the following amounts:
| · | An amount of $100 per hour plus expenses for services rendered at Company’s request. |
| · | For each facility, a one-time payment of $750,000 upon the latter of the Company closing a loan, receiving equity, or otherwise securing funding necessary to complete the construction and operate the proposed facilities through start-up. |
| · | Within ninety days after the second through tenth full calendar year after startup of each facility, an amount equal to 2% of the net income of each facility. |
This entity is not a related party. There is no assurance that this entity will be able to successfully assist the Company in developing the Projects.
The Company entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement with The Trust U/W of Normal P. Tuttle by for the purchase of approximately 106 acres of land in Selma, Johnston County, North Carolina with the payment of a refundable earnest money deposit of $10,000 and a non-refundable earnest money deposit of $5,000. In January 2008, the Company withdrew from this agreement resulting in a forfeiture of the non-refundable earnest money deposit of $5,000. The Company is currently evaluating other potential sites in North Carolina.
The Company has entered into several purchase contracts or option purchase contracts in connection with the purchase of real estate for contemplated ethanol plant construction. The contracts provide for initial and/or future earnest money payments at certain milestone dates. Total earnest money related to these contracts is $125,900 as of June 30, 2008. In December 2007, one contract was terminated and $20,000 of earnest money was returned. Additionally, the Company has committed to pay $73,240 of additional earnest money through December 31, 2009 related to contracts that have not been terminated. The total purchase price of the underlying properties under contracts or options that have not been terminated is approximately $4,256,000 as of June 30, 2008.
The Company executed three agreements with an entity to provide site evaluation, permitting, design and engineering, procurement of equipment, and construction services for the proposed plants in Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida. The Company paid this entity a non-refundable commitment fee of $333,333 each for South Carolina and Florida in February 2008 and $500,000 for the Georgia site in 2007. Once a final site is selected in North Carolina, the Company will execute a fourth agreement and pay this entity an additional non-refundable commitment fee of $333,334.
In 2007, the Company entered into several independent contractor agreements for an indefinite length of time with certain individuals, who are members, directors and/or officers of the Company. These individuals are to provide project development, management, and independent contractor services to the Company. The Company has agreed to compensate these individuals a monthly management and/or contract labor fees totaling approximately $69,900. As of June 30, 2008, eleven individuals who are members, directors and/or officers of the Company have received approximately $421,378 in management, administrative or project development non-employee compensation.
The Company pays per diem board stipends to directors to whom the Company does not pay a monthly management fee. The Company pays these directors $1,250 per day for attendance at board meetings. As of June 30, 2008 the Company has paid board stipends to these directors in the amount of $27,500.
In 2007, a not-for-profit entity was created to research, educate, promote, and advocate the establishment and growth of the ethanol industry throughout the South and to increase customer demand for ethanol through education about its environmental, economic, and social benefits. This entity and the Company shared common board management. None of the board members of this entity receive any form of compensation or benefit from this entity. As of June 30, 2008, the Company paid dues to this entity of $85,000.
In February 2007, the Company entered into a lease agreement with an entity for office space and administrative services for $5,000 per month. This entity is owned by two members of the Company, and has been paid total office lease payments as of June 2008 of $30,000. A new lease agreement was entered into in July 2008 which reduces the monthly lease payments to $3,000. The new lease agreement will commence August 1, 2008.
The Company entered into a lease agreement in October 2006 to lease office space for a period of one year commencing November 1, 2006 with a monthly lease payment of $800 and a refundable deposit of $800. The lease was extended for an additional year commencing November 1, 2007.
The Company entered into a continuous services agreement in July 2007 for engineering services with an entity for design, engineering and other professional services. These services are provided on an on-call, as needed basis, and the Agreement may be terminated with 30 days written notice. There is no obligation for payments other than for work performed and invoiced.
The Company entered into an energy management agreement in July 2007 with an entity for consulting and energy management services for supplies of natural gas and electricity for the proposed project. The Agreement period ends twelve months after the project completion date. The agreement may be terminated with 60 days written notice. There is no obligation for payments other than for work performed and invoiced.
The Company entered into a consulting agreement with an entity in March 2007 to provide certain geotechnical and environmental services as required. This agreement may be cancelled with written notice. There is no obligation for payments other than for work performed and invoiced.
The Company entered into a consulting agreement with an entity in July 2007 to provide permitting application, wetlands mitigation and other environmental consulting services as requested. This agreement may be cancelled with written notice. There is no obligation for payments other than for work performed and invoiced.
In March 2008, the Company entered into independent contractor agreements with two individuals to provide communication and marketing services in Georgia. This agreement is for six months and provides for monthly compensation totaling $6,366. This Agreement can be renewed for an additional six months. As of June 30, 2008, the company has paid these individuals $25,464 in non-employee compensation.
In April 2008, the Company entered into a Placement Agency Agreement with an entity to act as the exclusive placement agent for the sale of equity units of the Company in North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland. The agreement provides for the payment of an initial retainer payment of $50,000 and out-of-pocket expenses during the term of the agreement. The retainer of $50,000 was paid in March 2008. This agreement also provides for payment of a placement fee of 4.5% of all equity units sold in North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland. The agreement also provides that the Company issue warrants to the entity to purchase equity units of the Company equal to 3.5% of the number of units that the placement fee is calculated upon. These warrants will be exercisable for a period of ten years at the offering price of $15,000 per unit.
In April 2008, the Company entered into an independent contractor agreement with an individual to provide accounting and financial services. As of June 30, 2008, the company has terminated this agreement and paid this individual $30,000 in non-employee compensation. The company paid this individual $10,000 as final compensation on July 1, 2008.
The Company entered into a financial agreement with an entity in June 2008 in which the entity will act as financial advisor and assist with the securing of debt and equity financing outside the United States of America for the commencement of construction of the plants. This agreement may be cancelled with written notice. There is no obligation for payments other than for work performed and invoiced. In exchange for these financial services, the Company has agreed to compensate this entity the following amounts:
| · | A retainer fee of £20,000 per month for a period of three months. The retainer fee will be reviewed following the three month period and can be mutually extended. |
| · | A success fee: 1.25% of any debt raised; 2.00% of any mezzanine funds raised; and 3.00% of any equity raised. |
| · | Reimburse all reasonable and approved out of pocket expenses properly incurred in the performance of services in relation to the Project. |
The first month’s retainer fee of $40,571 was paid in July 2008.
This entity is not a related party. There is no assurance that this entity will be able to successfully assist the Company in developing the Projects.
NOTE 5. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company executed two purchase option contracts in August 2008 for two adjacent parcels of land with approximately 414 acres in NorthHampton County, North Carolina. Earnest money deposits were paid in August 2008 for the purchase option contracts on the two adjacent parcels totaling $32,500.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors
Florida Ethanol, LLC
We have audited the balance sheet of Florida Ethanol, LLC (a development stage company) as of December 31, 2006, and the related statements of operations, members’ equity and cash flows for the period from inception (June 6, 2006) to December 31, 2006. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Florida Ethanol, LLC as of December 31, 2006, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the period from inception (June 6, 2006) to December 31, 2006, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
HEIN & ASSOCIATES LLP
Denver, Colorado
January 28, 2008
FLORIDA ETHANOL, LLC
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
BALANCE SHEETS
| | September 5, 2007 (unaudited) | | December 31, 2006 (audited) | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | |
CURRENT ASSETS | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 2,053,976 | | $ | 318,400 | |
Total Current Assets | | | 2,053,976 | | | 318,400 | |
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT | | | | | | | |
Office furniture & equipment | | | 11,389 | | | - | |
Less accumulated depreciation | | | (1,421 | ) | | - | |
| | | 9,968 | | | - | |
OTHER ASSETS | | | 23,400 | | | 22,550 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | $ | 2,087,344 | | $ | 340,950 | |
| | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS' EQUITY | | | | | | | |
CURRENT LIABILITIES | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | | $ | 50,451 | | $ | 39,291 | |
Total current liabilities | | | 50,451 | | | 39,291 | |
| | | | | | | |
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 3) | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
MEMBERS' EQUITY | | | | | | | |
Membership contributions; authorized (unlimited) and 7,230 and 1,380 units issued and outstanding, respectively | | | 2,415,730 | | | 465,730 | |
Deficit accumulated during the development stage | | | (378,837 | ) | | (164,071 | ) |
| | | 2,036,893 | | | 301,659 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | $ | 2,087,344 | | $ | 340,950 | |
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements
FLORIDA ETHANOL, LLC
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
| | For the period from January 1, 2007 through September 5, 2007 (unaudited) | | For the period from June 6, 2006 (inception) through December 31,��2006 (audited) | | For the period from June 6, 2006 (inception) through September 5, 2007 (unaudited) | |
Revenues | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | |
Operating expenses | | | | | | | | | | |
Organizational expenses | | | - | | | 12,421 | | | 12,421 | |
Start-up expenses | | | 200,776 | | | 160,425 | | | 361,201 | |
General and administrative expenses | | | 53,417 | | | 31 | | | 53,448 | |
Total | | | 254,193 | | | 172,877 | | | 427,070 | |
Operating loss | | | (254,193 | ) | | (172,877 | ) | | (427,070 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Other Income (expense) | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 39,427 | | | 8,806 | | | 48,233 | |
| | | 39,427 | | | 8,806 | | | 48,233 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (214,766 | ) | $ | (164,071 | ) | $ | (378,837 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss per unit (Basis and Diluted) | | $ | (48 | ) | $ | (115 | ) | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average units outstanding | | | 4,492 | | | 1,422 | | | | |
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements
FLORIDA ETHANOL, LLC
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN MEMBERS' EQUITY
| | Units | | Member's Contributions | | Deficit Accumulated During Development Stage | | Total Member Equity | |
Members' equity at inception, June 6, 2006 | | | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Contributed capital for 1,440 units at $333 per unit, June 2006 | | | 1,440 | | | 480,000 | | | | | | 480,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Redemption of member's interest of 60 units at $238 per unit, December 2006 | | | (60 | ) | | (14,270 | ) | | | | | (14,270 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss for the period ending December 31, 2006 | | | | | | - | | | (164,071 | ) | | (164,071 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Members' equity at December 31, 2006 | | | 1,380 | | | 465,730 | | | (164,071 | ) | | 301,659 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Contributed capital for 765 units at $333 per unit, March 2007 (unaudited) | | | 765 | | | 255,000 | | | | | | 255,000 | |
Contributed capital for 3,472 units at $333 per unit, April 2007(unaudited) | | | 3,472 | | | 1,157,500 | | | | | | 1,157,500 | |
Contributed capital for 1,178 units at $333 per unit, May 2007 (unaudited) | | | 1,178 | | | 392,500 | | | | | | 392,500 | |
Contributed capital for 435 units at $333 per unit, June 2007 (unaudited) | | | 435 | | | 145,000 | | | | | | 145,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss for the period ending September 5, 2007 (unaudited) | | | | | | | | | (214,766 | ) | | (214,766 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Members' equity at September 5, 2007 | | | 7,230 | | $ | 2,415,730 | | $ | (378,837 | ) | $ | 2,036,893 | |
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements
FLORIDA ETHANOL, LLC
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
| | For the period from January 1, 2007 through September 5, 2007 (unaudited) | | For the period from June 6, 2006 (inception) through December 31, 2006 (audited) | | For the period from June 6, 2006 (inception) through September 5, 2007 (unaudited) | |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (214,766 | ) | $ | (164,071 | ) | $ | (378,837 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities | | | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation expense | | | 1,421 | | | - | | | 1,421 | |
Changes in assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | | - | |
Increase in other assets | | | (850 | ) | | (22,550 | ) | | (23,400 | ) |
Increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses | | | 11,160 | | | 39,291 | | | 50,451 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in operating activities | | | (203,035 | ) | | (147,330 | ) | | (350,365 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | | | |
Purchase of property and equipment | | | (11,389 | ) | | - | | | (11,389 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | (11,389 | ) | | - | | | (11,389 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from issuance of members equity | | | 1,950,000 | | | 480,000 | | | 2,430,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Redemption of member's interest | | | - | | | (14,270 | ) | | (14,270 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | | 1,950,000 | | | 465,730 | | | 2,415,730 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Increase in cash and cash equivalents | | | 1,735,576 | | | 318,400 | | | 2,053,976 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | | | 318,400 | | | - | | | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | | $ | 2,053,976 | | $ | 318,400 | | $ | 2,053,976 | |
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements
FLORIDA ETHANOL, LLC
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
Notes to Financial Statements
(Information subsequent to December 31, 2006 is unaudited)
NOTE 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Business
FLORIDA ETHANOL, LLC, (a development stage limited liability company) (the “Company”) is expected to be located in Jackson County, Florida. The Company intends to construct a 110 million gallon corn-based ethanol plant with distribution within the southeast United States. Although subject to a number of uncertainties, the Company anticipates completing construction during 2010. As of September 5, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company is in the development stage with its efforts being principally devoted to organizational, financing, site evaluation and due-diligence, and start-up activities. (See Note 4)
The Company was formally organized as a limited liability company on June 6, 2006.
Basis of Presentation
The financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America require that management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and other items, as well as the reported revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition
To date no revenue has been earned. If the proposed construction is completed, the Company expects to recognize revenue from the production of ethanol when the revenue cycle is complete and the title transfers to customers, net of any allowance for estimated returns.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Significant additions are capitalized, while expenditures for maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are charged to operations when incurred. Office furniture and equipment is depreciated over the estimated useful life of 3 to 5 years on a straight-line basis.
The Company reviews its property and equipment for impairment whenever events indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recorded when the sum of the future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of the loss is determined by comparing the fair market value of the asset to the carrying amount of the asset.
Organization and start-up costs
Organization and start-up costs are expensed as incurred.
Other Assets
The Company has entered into a retainer agreement for legal counsel with a law firm. As of September 5, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company has an unused retainer balance of $3,400 and $22,250, respectively.
As of September 5, 2007, the Company has $20,000 of earnest money deposits related to purchase and option purchase contracts for real estate. (See Note 3)
Income Taxes
The Company is organized as a limited liability company under state law and is treated as a partnership for income tax purposes. Under this type of organization, the Company’s taxable loss passes through to the members and is taxed at the member level. Accordingly, no income tax provision has been reflected in these financial statements. The differences between financial statement basis of assets and tax basis of assets is related to capitalization and amortization of organizational and start-up costs for tax purposes, where as these costs are expensed for financial statement purposes.
Concentration of Credit Risk
The Company maintains its accounts at one financial institution. At September 5, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company’s cash balances exceeded the amount insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation by approximately $1,954,000 and $218,000, respectively.
Net Loss per Membership Unit
For purposes of calculating basic and diluted net loss per member unit, units subscribed and issued are considered outstanding on the effective date of issue and are weighted by days outstanding. At September 5, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company had 7,230 and 1,380 equity units, respectively outstanding that would be considered unit equivalents for purposes of computing net loss per unit.
Unaudited Information
The accompanying interim financial information as of September 5, 2007 and the period from January 1, 2007 through September 5, 2007 were taken from the books and records without audit. However, in the opinion of management, such information includes all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals), which are necessary to properly reflect the financial position of the Company as of September 5, 2007 and the results of operations for the period from January 1, 2007 through September 5, 2007.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141R”), which replaces FASB Statement No. 141. SFAS 141R establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree and the goodwill acquired, and establishes that acquisitions costs will be generally expensed as incurred. This statement also establishes disclosure requirements which will enable users to evaluate the nature and financial effects of a business combination. SFAS 141R is effective as of the beginning of an entity’s fiscal year that begins after December 15, 2008, which will be East Coast Ethanol, LLC’s year beginning January 1, 2009. We are currently evaluating the potential impact, if any, of the adoption of SFAS 141R on our future financial reporting.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS 157, Fair Value Measurements. SFAS 157 establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, clarifies the definition of fair value within that framework, and expands disclosures about the use of fair value measurements. SFAS 157 is intended to increase consistency and comparability among fair value estimates used in financial reporting. As such, SFAS 157 applies to all other accounting pronouncements that require (or permit) fair value measurements, except for the measurement of share-based payments. SFAS 157 does not apply to accounting standards that require (or permit) measurements that are similar to, but not intended to represent, fair value. Fair value, as defined in SFAS 157, is the price to sell an asset or transfer a liability and therefore represents an exit price, not an entry price. The exit price is the price in the principal market in which the reporting entity would transact. Further, that price is not adjusted for transaction costs. SFAS 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years. SFAS 157 will be applied prospectively as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which it is initially applied. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adoption of SFAS 157.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements – an amendment of ARB 51. SFAS 160 amends ARB 51 to establish accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. It clarifies that a controlling interest in a subsidiary, which is sometimes referred to as minority interest, is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements. Among other requirements, this statement requires consolidated net income to be reported at amounts that include the amounts attributable to both the parent and the noncontrolling interest. It also requires disclosure, on the face of the consolidated income statement, of the amounts of the consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest. SFAS 160 is effective for our fiscal year commencing May 1, 2009, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Earlier adoption is prohibited. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS 160 on our results of operations and financial condition.
In July 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes – an interpretation of FASB Statement 109 (“FIN 48”). This interpretation clarifies the application of SFAS 109 by defining a criterion that an individual tax position must meet for any part of the benefit of that position to be recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements and also provides guidance on measurement, derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods and disclosure. FIN 48 is effective for our fiscal year commencing October 1, 2007. As the Company is organized as a limited liability company, taxed as a partnership, and it earnings pass through to the members, no income tax provision is reflected in the financial statements. The Company does not expect the adoption of FIN 48 to have an impact on its results of operations or financial condition.
In September 2006, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108 (“SAB 108”). Due to diversity in practice among registrants, SAB 108 expresses SEC staff views regarding the process by which misstatements in financial statements are evaluated for purposes of determining whether financial statement restatement is necessary. SAB was effective for East Coast Ethanol, LLC on January 1, 2007. The adoption of SAB 108 has no impact on our financial position or results from operations.
NOTE 2. MEMBERSHIP EQUITY
As specified in the Company’s Operating Agreement, voting rights are one vote for each voting unit registered in the name of such Member as shown on the Membership Registration maintained by the Company.
Income and losses of the Company shall be allocated among the Members in proportion to each Member’s respective percentage of Units when compared with the total Units issued. The Company’s cash flow shall first be applied to the payment of the Company’s operating expenses (including debt service) and then to maintenance of adequate cash reserves as determined by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, shall be distributed from time to time to the Members in proportion to their respective percentage Units. No member has the right to demand and receive any distribution from the Company other than in cash. No distribution shall be made if, as a result thereof, the Company would be in violation of any loan agreement, or if the Company’s total assets would be less than the sum of its total liabilities.
Transfer, disposition or encumbrance of membership units are subject to certain significant restrictions, including a restriction that prohibits disposals without the approval by the Board of Directors.
Initial investors purchased 1,380 units at $333.33 per unit in May through July 2006, and initial and additional investors purchased 5,850 units at $333.33 per unit in March through June 2007.
NOTE 3. COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND RELATED PARTIES
Development Stage Operations and Liquidity
The Company is in the development state and anticipates that the total cost of the organization, start-up, and to construct the plant to be approximately $220,000,000. If and when the plant is completed, its liquidity, results of operations and financial performance will be impacted by many variables, including the market price for commodities such as, but not limited to corn, ethanol and other energy commodities, as well as the market price for any co-products generated by the facility and the cost of labor and other operating costs. It is also possible that changes to the United States Tax Code could affect the financial results of future operations.
Consulting Agreements and Contracts
The Company has also entered into a Memorandum of Understanding with an entity pursuant to which this entity will assist in contracting negotiations with various service and product providers; assist the planning of the Company’s equity marketing effort; assist with the securing of debt financing for the commencement of construction of the Project; assist the education of local lenders; and perform such other reasonably necessary duties as the Company may request for the timely and successful securing of debt financing and commencement of construction of the project. In exchange for these project development services, the Company has agreed to pay this entity the following amounts:
| · | A one-time non-refundable commitment fee of $50,000 upon execution of this Memorandum of Understanding; |
| · | A monthly retainer fee of $10,000 plus expenses for eleven consecutive months; |
| · | After the first anniversary of this Memorandum of Understanding, if still in effect, $100 per hour plus expenses for services rendered; and |
| · | As a project milestone, a one-time payment of $750,000 upon the latter of the Company closing a loan, or otherwise securing funding necessary to complete the construction and operate the proposed facility through start-up. |
This entity is not a related party. There is no assurance that this entity will be able to successfully assist the Company in developing the project.
The Company has entered into two purchase contracts in connection with the purchase of real estate for contemplated ethanol plant construction. The contracts provide for initial and/or future earnest money payments at certain milestone dates. Total earnest money related to these contracts is $20,000 as of September 5, 2007. Subsequent to September 5, 2007, one contract was terminated and $10,000 of earnest money was returned. The purchase contract not terminated requires the payment of $50,000 of additional earnest money through 2008. The total purchase price of the underlying property under the remaining contract is approximately $2,072,000 as of September 5, 2007.
In 2007, the Company entered into consulting agreements for an indefinite period of time with certain individuals who are members and/or directors of the Company. These individuals are to provide project development, management, and administrative services to the Company. The Company has agreed to compensate these individuals a monthly management and/or consulting fee totaling approximately $12,500. Total payments for these services in 2007 and 2006 totaled $60,000 and $0, respectively.
In 2007, a not-for-profit entity was created to research, educate, promote, and advocate the establishment and growth of the ethanol industry throughout the South and to increase customer demand for ethanol through education about its environmental, economic, and social benefits. This entity and the Company share common board management. None of the board members of this entity receive any form of compensation or benefit from this entity. In 2007, the Company paid dues to this entity of $16,000.
The Company entered into a lease agreement on January 1, 2007 to lease office space for a period of one year with a monthly lease payment of $700
The Company has entered into a continuous services agreement in July 2007 for engineering services with an entity for design, engineering and other professional services. These services are provided on an on-call, as needed basis, and the Agreement may be terminated with 30 days written notice. There is no obligation for payments other than for work performed and invoiced.
The Company has entered into an energy management agreement in July 2007 with an entity for consulting and energy management services for supplies of natural gas and electricity for the proposed project. The agreement period ends twelve months after the project completion date. The agreement may be terminated with 60 days written notice. There is no obligation for payments other than for work performed and invoiced.
NOTE 4. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Effective September 6, 2007, the Board of Directors of the Company agreed to merge the Company and three other development stage ethanol plant-related entities to create a new limited liability company, East Coast Ethanol, LLC, registered in the State of Delaware. The transaction involved the exchange of existing member units in the Company for 545 units of East Coast Ethanol, LLC units distributed in proportion to each member’s share of original units of the Company resulting in a 25% equity ownership percentage of East Coast Ethanol, LLC.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors
Mid-Atlantic Ethanol, LLC
We have audited the balance sheet of Mid-Atlantic Ethanol, LLC (a development stage company) as of December 31, 2006, and the related statements of operations, members’ equity and cash flows for the period from inception (May 17, 2006) to December 31, 2006. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Mid-Atlantic Ethanol, LLC as of December 31, 2006, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the period from inception (May 17, 2006) to December 31, 2006, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
HEIN & ASSOCIATES LLP
Denver, Colorado
January 28, 2008
MID ATLANTIC ETHANOL, LLC
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
BALANCE SHEETS
| | September 5, 2007 (unaudited) | | December 31, 2006 (audited) | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | |
CURRENT ASSETS | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 2,232,036 | | $ | 337,689 | |
Accounts receivable | | | 2,441 | | | - | |
Total Current Assets | | | 2,234,477 | | | 337,689 | |
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT | | | | | | | |
Office furniture & equipment | | | 8,946 | | | 8,946 | |
Less accumulated depreciation | | | (1,925 | ) | | (214 | ) |
| | | 7,021 | | | 8,732 | |
OTHER ASSETS | | | 28,022 | | | 24,746 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | $ | 2,269,520 | | $ | 371,167 | |
| | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS' EQUITY | | | | | | | |
CURRENT LIABILITIES | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | | $ | 113,951 | | $ | 17,996 | |
Total current liabilities | | | 113,951 | | | 17,996 | |
| | | | | | | |
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 3) | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
MEMBERS' EQUITY | | | | | | | |
Membership contributions; authorized (unlimited) and 7,743 and 1,680 units issued and outstanding, respectively | | | 2,581,000 | | | 580,000 | |
Subscribed units, 60 units subscribed, not issued | | | - | | | (20,000 | ) |
Deficit accumulated during the development stage | | | (425,431 | ) | | (206,829 | ) |
| | | 2,155,569 | | | 353,171 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | $ | 2,269,520 | | $ | 371,167 | |
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements
MID ATLANTIC ETHANOL, LLC
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
| | For the period from January 1, 2007 through September 5, 2007 (unaudited) | | For the period from May 17, 2006 (inception) through December 31, 2006 (audited) | | For the period from May 17, 2006 (inception) through September 5, 2007 (unaudited) | |
Revenues | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | |
Operating expenses | | | | | | | | | | |
Organizational expenses | | | - | | | 18,363 | | | 18,363 | |
Start-up expenses | | | 136,599 | | | 180,901 | | | 317,500 | |
General and administrative expenses | | | 128,125 | | | 18,074 | | | 146,199 | |
Total | | | 264,724 | | | 217,338 | | | 482,062 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Operating loss | | | (264,724 | ) | | (217,338 | ) | | (482,062 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Other Income (expense) | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 46,122 | | | 10,509 | | | 56,631 | |
| | | 46,122 | | | 10,509 | | | 56,631 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (218,602 | ) | $ | (206,829 | ) | $ | (425,431 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss per unit (Basis and Diluted) | | $ | (38 | ) | $ | (139 | ) | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average units outstanding | | | 5,829 | | | 1,487 | | | | |
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements
MID ATLANTIC ETHANOL, LLC
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN MEMBERS' EQUITY
| | Units | | Member's Contributions | | Deficit Accumulated During Development Stage | | Total Member Equity | |
Members' equity at inception, May 17, 2006 | | | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Contributed capital for 300 units at $333 per unit, May 2006 | | | 300 | | | 100,000 | | | | | | 100,000 | |
Contributed capital for 1,140 units at $333 per unit, June 2006 | | | 1,140 | | | 380,000 | | | | | | 380,000 | |
Contributed capital for 300 units at $333 per unit, July 2006 | | | 300 | | | 100,000 | | | | | | 100,000 | |
Subscribed units, 60 units subscribed, not issued at $333 per unit, December 2006 | | | (60 | ) | | (20,000 | ) | | | | | (20,000 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss for the period ending December 31, 2006 | | | | | | | | | (206,829 | ) | | (206,829 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Members' equity at December 31, 2006 | | | 1,680 | | $ | 560,000 | | $ | (206,829 | ) | $ | 353,171 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Contributed capital for 960 units at $333 per unit, January 2007 (unaudited) | | | 960 | | | 320,000 | | | | | | 320,000 | |
Contributed capital for 1,410 units at $333 per unit, February 2007 (unaudited) | | | 1,410 | | | 470,000 | | | | | | 470,000 | |
Contributed capital for 1,245 units at $333 per unit, March 2007 (unaudited) | | | 1,245 | | | 415,000 | | | | | | 415,000 | |
Contributed capital for 801 units at $333 per unit, April 2007 (unaudited) | | | 801 | | | 267,000 | | | | | | 267,000 | |
Contributed capital for 1,317 units at $333 per unit, May 2007 (unaudited) | | | 1,317 | | | 439,000 | | | | | | 439,000 | |
Contributed capital for 330 units at $333 per unit, June 2007 (unaudited) | | | 330 | | | 110,000 | | | | | | 110,000 | |
Contributed capital for 285 units at $333 per unit, August 2007 (unaudited) | | | 285 | | | 95,000 | | | | | | 95,000 | |
Redemption of member interest of 285 units at $333 per unit, September 2007 (unaudited) | | | (285 | ) | | (95,000 | ) | | | | | (95,000 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss for the period ending September 5, 2007 (unaudited) | | | | | | | | | (218,602 | ) | | (218,602 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Members' equity at September 5, 2007 | | | 7,743 | | $ | 2,581,000 | | $ | (425,431 | ) | $ | 2,155,569 | |
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements
MID ATLANTIC ETHANOL, LLC
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
| | For the period from January 1, 2007 through September 5, 2007 (unaudited) | | For the period from May 17, 2006 (inception) through December 31, 2006 (audited) | | For the period from May 17, 2006 (inception) through September 5, 2007 (unaudited) | |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (218,602 | ) | $ | (206,829 | ) | $ | (425,431 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities | | | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation expense | | | 1,711 | | | 214 | | | 1,925 | |
Changes in assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | |
Increase in accounts receivable | | | (2,441 | ) | | | | | (2,441 | ) |
Increase in other assets | | | (3,276 | ) | | (24,746 | ) | | (28,022 | ) |
Increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses | | | 95,955 | | | 17,996 | | | 113,951 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in operating activities | | | (126,653 | ) | | (213,365 | ) | | (340,018 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | | | |
Purchase of property and equipment | | | - | | | (8,946 | ) | | (8,946 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | - | | | (8,946 | ) | | (8,946 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from issuance of members equity | | | 2,116,000 | | | 560,000 | | | 2,676,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Redemption of member interest | | | (95,000 | ) | | - | | | (95,000 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | | 2,021,000 | | | 560,000 | | | 2,581,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Increase in cash and cash equivalents | | | 1,894,347 | | | 337,689 | | | 2,232,036 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | | | 337,689 | | | - | | | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | | $ | 2,232,036 | | $ | 337,689 | | $ | 2,232,036 | |
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements
MID ATLANTIC ETHANOL, LLC
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
Notes to Financial Statements
(Information subsequent to December 31, 2006 is unaudited)
NOTE 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Business
MID ATLANTIC ETHANOL, LLC, (a development stage limited liability company) (the “Company”) is expected to be located near Selma, North Carolina. The Company intends to construct a 110 million gallon corn-based ethanol plant with distribution within the southeast United States. Although subject to a number of uncertainties, the Company anticipates completing construction during 2010. As of September 5, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company is in the development stage with its efforts being principally devoted to organizational, financing, and start-up activities. (See Note 4)
The Company was formally organized as a limited liability company on May 17, 2006.
Basis of Presentation
The financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America require that management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and other items, as well as the reported revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition
To date no revenue has been earned. If the proposed construction is completed, the Company expects to recognize revenue from the production of ethanol when the revenue cycle is complete and the title transfers to customers, net of any allowance for estimated returns.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Significant additions are capitalized, while expenditures for maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are charged to operations when incurred. Office furniture and equipment is depreciated over the estimated useful life of 3 to 5 years on a straight-line basis.
The Company reviews its property and equipment for impairment whenever events indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recorded when the sum of the future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of the loss is determined by comparing the fair market value of the asset to the carrying amount of the asset.
Organization and start-up costs
Organization and start-up costs are expensed as incurred.
Other Assets
The Company has entered into a retainer agreement for legal counsel with a law firm. As of September 5, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company has an unused retainer balance of $2,222 and $18,545, respectively.
The Company has entered into earnest money deposit agreements to establish options to purchase undeveloped land for a site for the proposed ethanol production facility. As of September 5, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company has refundable earnest money deposits of $25,000 and $5,000, respectively.
The Company has entered into a lease agreement for office space in Benson, North Carolina. As of September 5, 2007, the Company has a refundable lease deposit of $800.
Income Taxes
The Company is organized as a limited liability company under state law and is treated as a partnership for income tax purposes. Under this type of organization, the Company’s taxable loss passes through to the members and is taxed at the member level. Accordingly, no income tax provision has been reflected in these financial statements. The differences between financial statement basis of assets and tax basis of assets is related to capitalization and amortization of organizational and start-up costs for tax purposes, where as these costs are expensed for financial statement purposes.
Concentration of Credit Risk
The Company maintains its accounts at one financial institution. At September 5, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company’s cash balances exceeded the amount insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation by approximately $2,132,000 and $238,000, respectively.
Net Loss per Membership Unit
For purposes of calculating basic and diluted net loss per member unit, units subscribed and issued are considered outstanding on the effective date of issue and are weighted by days outstanding. At September 5, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company had 7,743 and 1,680 equity units, respectively outstanding that would be considered unit equivalents for purposes of computing net loss per unit.
Unaudited Information
The accompanying interim financial information as of September 5, 2007 and the period from January 1, 2007 through September 5, 2007 were taken from the books and records without audit. However, in the opinion of management, such information includes all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals), which are necessary to properly reflect the financial position of the Company as of September 5, 2007 and the results of operations for the period from January 1, 2007 through September 5, 2007.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141R”), which replaces FASB Statement No. 141. SFAS 141R establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree and the goodwill acquired, and establishes that acquisitions costs will be generally expensed as incurred. This statement also establishes disclosure requirements which will enable users to evaluate the nature and financial effects of a business combination. SFAS 141R is effective as of the beginning of an entity’s fiscal year that begins after December 15, 2008, which will be East Coast Ethanol, LLC’s year beginning January 1, 2009. We are currently evaluating the potential impact, if any, of the adoption of SFAS 141R on our future financial reporting.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS 157, Fair Value Measurements. SFAS 157 establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, clarifies the definition of fair value within that framework, and expands disclosures about the use of fair value measurements. SFAS 157 is intended to increase consistency and comparability among fair value estimates used in financial reporting. As such, SFAS 157 applies to all other accounting pronouncements that require (or permit) fair value measurements, except for the measurement of share-based payments. SFAS 157 does not apply to accounting standards that require (or permit) measurements that are similar to, but not intended to represent, fair value. Fair value, as defined in SFAS 157, is the price to sell an asset or transfer a liability and therefore represents an exit price, not an entry price. The exit price is the price in the principal market in which the reporting entity would transact. Further, that price is not adjusted for transaction costs. SFAS 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years. SFAS 157 will be applied prospectively as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which it is initially applied. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adoption of SFAS 157.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements – an amendment of ARB 51. SFAS 160 amends ARB 51 to establish accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. It clarifies that a controlling interest in a subsidiary, which is sometimes referred to as minority interest, is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements. Among other requirements, this statement requires consolidated net income to be reported at amounts that include the amounts attributable to both the parent and the noncontrolling interest. It also requires disclosure, on the face of the consolidated income statement, of the amounts of the consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest. SFAS 160 is effective for our fiscal year commencing May 1, 2009, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Earlier adoption is prohibited. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS 160 on our results of operations and financial condition.
In July 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes – an interpretation of FASB Statement 109 (“FIN 48”). This interpretation clarifies the application of SFAS 109 by defining a criterion that an individual tax position must meet for any part of the benefit of that position to be recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements and also provides guidance on measurement, derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods and disclosure. FIN 48 is effective for our fiscal year commencing October 1, 2007. As the Company is organized as a limited liability company, taxed as a partnership, and it earnings pass through to the members, no income tax provision is reflected in the financial statements. The Company does not expect the adoption of FIN 48 to have an impact on its results of operations or financial condition.
In September 2006, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108 (“SAB 108”). Due to diversity in practice among registrants, SAB 108 expresses SEC staff views regarding the process by which misstatements in financial statements are evaluated for purposes of determining whether financial statement restatement is necessary. SAB was effective for East Coast Ethanol, LLC on January 1, 2007. The adoption of SAB 108 has no impact on our financial position or results from operations.
NOTE 2. MEMBERSHIP EQUITY
As specified in the Company’s Operating Agreement, voting rights are one vote for each voting unit registered in the name of such Member as shown on the Membership Registration maintained by the Company.
Income and losses of the Company shall be allocated among the Members in proportion to each Member’s respective percentage of Units when compared with the total Units issued. The Company’s cash flow shall first be applied to the payment of the Company’s operating expenses (including debt service) and then to maintenance of adequate cash reserves as determined by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, shall be distributed from time to time to the Members in proportion to their respective percentage Units. No member has the right to demand and receive any distribution from the Company other than in cash. No distribution shall be made if, as a result thereof, the Company would be in violation of any loan agreement, or if the Company’s total assets would be less than the sum of its total liabilities.
Transfer, disposition or encumbrance of membership units are subject to certain significant restrictions, including a restriction that prohibits disposals without the approval by the Board of Directors.
Initial investors purchased 1,680 units at $333.33 per unit in May through July 2006, and initial and additional investors purchased 6,063 units at $333.33 per unit in January through June 2007.
NOTE 3. COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND RELATED PARTIES
Development Stage Operations and Liquidity
The Company is in the development state and anticipates that the total cost of the organization, start-up, and to construct the plant to be approximately $220,000,000. If and when the plant is completed, its liquidity, results of operations and financial performance will be impacted by many variables, including the market price for commodities such as, but not limited to corn, ethanol and other energy commodities, as well as the market price for any co-products generated by the facility and the cost of labor and other operating costs. It is also possible that changes to the United States Tax Code could affect the financial results of future operations.
Consulting Agreements and Contracts
The Company has also entered into a Memorandum of Understanding in 2006 with an entity pursuant to which this entity will assist in contracting negotiations with various service and product providers; assist the planning of the Company’s equity marketing effort; assist with the securing of debt financing for the commencement of construction of the project; assist the education of local lenders; and perform such other reasonably necessary duties as the Company may request for the timely and successful securing of debt financing and commencement of construction of the project. In exchange for these project development services, the Company has agreed to pay this entity the following amounts:
| · | A one-time non-refundable commitment fee of $50,000 upon execution of this Memorandum of Understanding; |
| · | A monthly retainer fee of $10,000 plus expenses for eleven consecutive months; |
| · | After the first anniversary of this Memorandum of Understanding, if still in effect, $100 per hour plus expenses for services rendered; and |
| · | As a project milestone, a one-time payment of $750,000 upon the latter of the Company closing a loan, or otherwise securing funding necessary to complete the construction and operate the proposed facility through start-up. |
This entity is not a related party. There is no assurance that this entity will be able to successfully assist the Company in developing the project.
The Company entered into a lease agreement on October 24, 2006 to lease office space for a period of one year commencing November 1, 2006 with a monthly lease payment of $800 and a refundable deposit of $800.
The Company entered into an Independent Contractor Agreement on July 23, 2007 with a member of the Company to provide business development and office management services to the Company. The Agreement provides non-employee compensation of $35,000 annually in monthly installments of $2,917 for a period of twelve months unless otherwise terminated. As of September 5, 2007, the Company has paid this member $4,778 for non-employment contract labor services.
In 2007, a not-for-profit entity was created to research, educate, promote, and advocate the establishment and growth of the ethanol industry throughout the South and to increase customer demand for ethanol through education about its environmental, economic, and social benefits. This entity and the Company share common board management. None of the board members of this entity receive any form of compensation or benefit from this entity. In 2007, the Company paid dues to this entity of $16,000.
The Company entered into an Independent Contractor Agreement on April 11, 2007 with a member, director, and officer of the Company to provide management services for the Company. The Agreement provides monthly non-employee management compensation of $10,000 for a period of twelve months unless otherwise terminated. As of September 5, 2007, the Company has paid this member, director, and officer $50,000 for non-employee management services.
The Company entered into a Letter of Intent on August 15, 2006 with an entity to purchase land in Selma, Johnston County, North Carolina as a site for the proposed project. An earnest money deposit of $5,000 was paid as part of the Letter of Intent. This deposit was refunded subsequent to September 5, 2007.
The Company entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement on March 29, 2007 with an entity to purchase property near Linden, Harnett County, North Carolina with an earnest money deposit of $20,000. This earnest money was forfeited subsequent to September 5, 2007 with the expiration of the terms of the Agreement.
The Company has retained an accounting firm to provide accounting and financial services. This accounting firm is owned by a member, director, and Treasurer of the Company. As of September 5, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company had paid $18,276 and $8,350, respectively, to this accounting firm.
NOTE 4. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Effective September 6, 2007, the Board of Directors of the Company agreed to merge the Company with three other development stage ethanol plant-related entities to form a new limited liability company, East Coast Ethanol, LLC, registered in the State of Delaware. The transaction involved the exchange of existing member units in the Company for 545 units of East Coast Ethanol, LLC units distributed in proportion to each member’s share of original units of the Company resulting in a 25% equity ownership percentage of East Coast Ethanol, LLC.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors
Atlantic Ethanol, LLC
We have audited the balance sheet of Atlantic Ethanol, LLC as of December 31, 2006, and the related statements of operations, members’ equity and cash flows for the period from inception (May 2, 2006) to December 31, 2006. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Atlantic Ethanol, LLC as of December 31, 2006, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the period from inception (May 2, 2006) to December 31, 2006, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
HEIN & ASSOCIATES LLP
Denver, Colorado
January 28, 2008
ATLANTIC ETHANOL, LLC
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
BALANCE SHEETS
| | | September 5, 2007 (unaudited) | | | December 31, 2006 (audited) | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | |
CURRENT ASSETS | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 1,252,782 | | $ | 397,385 | |
Total Current Assets | | | 1,252,782 | | | 397,385 | |
OTHER ASSETS | | | 505,000 | | | 17,824 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | $ | 1,757,782 | | $ | 415,209 | |
| | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS' EQUITY | | | | | | | |
CURRENT LIABILITIES | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | | $ | 55,582 | | $ | 23,390 | |
Total current liabilities | | | 55,582 | | | 23,390 | |
| | | | | | | |
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 3) | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
MEMBERS' EQUITY | | | | | | | |
Membership contributions; authorized (unlimited) and 6,300 and 1,680 units issued and outstanding, respectively | | | 2,100,000 | | | 560,000 | |
Deficit accumulated during the development stage | | | (397,800 | ) | | (168,181 | ) |
| | | 1,702,200 | | | 391,819 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | $ | 1,757,782 | | $ | 415,209 | |
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements
ATLANTIC ETHANOL, LLC
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
| | | For the period from January 1, 2007 through September 5, 2007 (unaudited) | | | For the period from May 2, 2006 (inception) through December 31, 2006 (audited) | | | For the period from May 2, 2006 (inception) through September 5, 2007 (unaudited) | |
Revenues | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | |
Operating expenses | | | | | | | | | | |
Organizational expenses | | | - | | | 30,513 | | | 30,513 | |
Start-up expenses | | | 262,391 | | | 149,451 | | | 411,842 | |
General and administrative expenses | | | 17,621 | | | 162 | | | 17,783 | |
Total | | | 280,012 | | | 180,126 | | | 460,138 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Operating loss | | | (280,012 | ) | | (180,126 | ) | | (460,138 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Other Income (expense) | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 50,393 | | | 11,945 | | | 62,338 | |
| | | 50,393 | | | 11,945 | | | 62,338 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (229,619 | ) | $ | (168,181 | ) | $ | (397,800 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss per unit (Basis and Diluted) | | $ | (41 | ) | $ | (100 | ) | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average units outstanding | | | 5,580 | | | 1,677 | | | | |
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements
ATLANTIC ETHANOL, LLC
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN MEMBERS' EQUITY
| | | Units | | | Member's Contributions | | | Deficit Accumulated During Development Stage | | | Total Member Equity | |
Members' equity at inception, May 2, 2006 | | | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Contributed capital for 1,680 units at $333 per unit, May 2006 | | | 1,680 | | | 560,000 | | | | | | 560,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss for the period ending December 31, 2006 | | | | | | | | | (168,181 | ) | | (168,181 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Members' equity at December 31, 2006 | | | 1,680 | | $ | 560,000 | | $ | (168,181 | ) | $ | 391,819 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Contributed capital for 4,620 units at $333 per unit, February 2007 (unaudited) | | | 4,620 | | | 1,540,000 | | | | | | 1,540,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss for the period ending September 5, 2007 (unaudited) | | | | | | | | | (229,619 | ) | | (229,619 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Members' equity at September 5, 2007 | | | 6,300 | | $ | 2,100,000 | | $ | (397,800 | ) | $ | 1,702,200 | |
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements
ATLANTIC ETHANOL, LLC
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
| | | For the period from January 1, 2007 through September 5, 2007 (unaudited) | | | For the period from May 2, 2006 (inception) through December 31, 2006 (audited) | | | For the period from May 2, 2006 (inception) through September 5, 2007 (unaudited) | |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (229,619 | ) | $ | (168,181 | ) | $ | (397,800 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities | | | | | | | | | | |
Changes in assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | |
Increase in other assets | | | (487,176 | ) | | (17,824 | ) | | (505,000 | ) |
Increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses | | | 32,192 | | | 23,390 | | | 55,582 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in operating activities | | | (684,603 | ) | | (162,615 | ) | | (847,218 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from issuance of members equity | | | 1,540,000 | | | 560,000 | | | 2,100,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | | 1,540,000 | | | 560,000 | | | 2,100,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Increase in cash and cash equivalents | | | 855,397 | | | 397,385 | | | 1,252,782 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | | | 397,385 | | | - | | | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | | $ | 1,252,782 | | $ | 397,385 | | $ | 1,252,782 | |
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements
ATLANTIC ETHANOL, LLC
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
Notes to Financial Statements
(Information subsequent to December 31, 2006 is unaudited)
NOTE 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Business
ATLANTIC ETHANOL, LLC, (a development stage limited liability company) (the “Company”) is expected to be located near Jesup, Georgia. The Company intends to construct a 110 million gallon corn-based ethanol with distribution within the southeast United States. Although subject to a number of uncertainties, the Company anticipates completing construction during 2010. As of September 5, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company is in the development stage with its efforts being principally devoted to organizational, financing, and start-up activities.
The Company was formally organized as a limited liability company on May 2, 2006
Basis of Presentation
The financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America require that management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and other items, as well as the reported revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition
To date no revenue has been earned. If the proposed construction is completed, the Company expects to recognize revenue from the production of ethanol when the revenue cycle is complete and the title transfers to customers, net of any allowance for estimated returns.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Significant additions are capitalized, while expenditures for maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are charged to operations when incurred. Office furniture and equipment is depreciated over the estimated useful life of 3 to 5 years on a straight-line basis.
The Company reviews its property and equipment for impairment whenever events indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recorded when the sum of the future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of the loss is determined by comparing the fair market value of the asset to the carrying amount of the asset.
Organization and start-up costs
Organization and start-up costs are expensed as incurred.
Other Assets
The Company has entered into a retainer agreement for legal counsel with a law firm. As of September 5, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company has an unused retainer balance of $17,824 and $0, respectively.
The Company entered into a Letter of Intent with an entity in August 2007 to provide certain engineering and consulting services related to the proposed project near Jesup, Georgia. As of September 5, 2007, the Company has a non-refundable commitment fee (retainer) with this entity of $500,000.
The Company entered into an Option Agreement in July 2007 with an entity to purchase approximately 180 acres in Wayne County, Georgia. As of September 5, 2007, the Company has an earnest money deposit with the entity of $5,000. As of September 30, 2007, no future earnest money deposits are required nor is any purchase price stated in the Agreement.
Income Taxes
The Company is organized as a limited liability company under state law and is treated as a partnership for income tax purposes. Under this type of organization, the Company’s taxable loss passes through to the members and is taxed at the member level. Accordingly, no income tax provision has been reflected in these financial statements. The differences between financial statement basis of assets and tax basis of assets is related to capitalization and amortization of organizational and start-up costs for tax purposes, where as these costs are expensed for financial statement purposes.
Concentration of Credit Risk
The Company maintains its accounts at one financial institution. At September 5, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company’s cash balances exceeded the amount insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation by approximately $1,153,000 and $297,000, respectively.
Net Loss per Membership Unit
For purposes of calculating basic and diluted net loss per member unit, units subscribed and issued are considered outstanding on the effective date of issue and are weighted by days outstanding. At September 5, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company had 6,300 and 1,680 equity units, respectively outstanding that would be considered unit equivalents for purposes of computing net loss per unit.
Unaudited Information
The accompanying interim financial information as of September 5, 2007 and the period from January 1, 2007 through September 5, 2007 were taken from the books and records without audit. However, in the opinion of management, such information includes all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals), which are necessary to properly reflect the financial position of the Company as of September 5, 2007 and the results of operations for the period from January 1, 2007 through September 5, 2007.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141R”), which replaces FASB Statement No. 141. SFAS 141R establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree and the goodwill acquired, and establishes that acquisitions costs will be generally expensed as incurred. This statement also establishes disclosure requirements which will enable users to evaluate the nature and financial effects of a business combination. SFAS 141R is effective as of the beginning of an entity’s fiscal year that begins after December 15, 2008, which will be East Coast Ethanol, LLC’s year beginning January 1, 2009. We are currently evaluating the potential impact, if any, of the adoption of SFAS 141R on our future financial reporting.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS 157, Fair Value Measurements. SFAS 157 establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, clarifies the definition of fair value within that framework, and expands disclosures about the use of fair value measurements. SFAS 157 is intended to increase consistency and comparability among fair value estimates used in financial reporting. As such, SFAS 157 applies to all other accounting pronouncements that require (or permit) fair value measurements, except for the measurement of share-based payments. SFAS 157 does not apply to accounting standards that require (or permit) measurements that are similar to, but not intended to represent, fair value. Fair value, as defined in SFAS 157, is the price to sell an asset or transfer a liability and therefore represents an exit price, not an entry price. The exit price is the price in the principal market in which the reporting entity would transact. Further, that price is not adjusted for transaction costs. SFAS 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years. SFAS 157 will be applied prospectively as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which it is initially applied. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adoption of SFAS 157.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements - an amendment of ARB 51. SFAS 160 amends ARB 51 to establish accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. It clarifies that a controlling interest in a subsidiary, which is sometimes referred to as minority interest, is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements. Among other requirements, this statement requires consolidated net income to be reported at amounts that include the amounts attributable to both the parent and the noncontrolling interest. It also requires disclosure, on the face of the consolidated income statement, of the amounts of the consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest. SFAS 160 is effective for our fiscal year commencing May 1, 2009, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Earlier adoption is prohibited. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS 160 on our results of operations and financial condition.
In July 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes - an interpretation of FASB Statement 109 (“FIN 48”). This interpretation clarifies the application of SFAS 109 by defining a criterion that an individual tax position must meet for any part of the benefit of that position to be recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements and also provides guidance on measurement, derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods and disclosure. FIN 48 is effective for our fiscal year commencing October 1, 2007. As the Company is organized as a limited liability company, taxed as a partnership, and it earnings pass through to the members, no income tax provision is reflected in the financial statements. The Company does not expect the adoption of FIN 48 to have an impact on its results of operations or financial condition.
In September 2006, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108 (“SAB 108”). Due to diversity in practice among registrants, SAB 108 expresses SEC staff views regarding the process by which misstatements in financial statements are evaluated for purposes of determining whether financial statement restatement is necessary. SAB was effective for East Coast Ethanol, LLC on January 1, 2007. The adoption of SAB 108 has no impact on our financial position or results from operations.
NOTE 2. MEMBERSHIP EQUITY
As specified in the Company’s Operating Agreement, voting rights are one vote for each voting unit registered in the name of such Member as shown on the Membership Registration maintained by the Company.
Income and losses of the Company shall be allocated among the Members in proportion to each Member’s respective percentage of Units when compared with the total Units issued. The Company’s cash flow shall first be applied to the payment of the Company’s operating expenses (including debt service) and then to maintenance of adequate cash reserves as determined by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, shall be distributed from time to time to the Members in proportion to their respective percentage Units. No member has the right to demand and receive any distribution from the Company other than in cash. No distribution shall be made if, as a result thereof, the Company would be in violation of any loan agreement, or if the Company’s total assets would be less than the sum of its total liabilities.
Transfer, disposition or encumbrance of membership units are subject to certain significant restrictions, including a restriction that prohibits disposals without the approval by the Board of Directors.
Initial investors purchased 1,680 units at $333.33 per unit in April through May 2006, and purchased 4,620 additional units at $333.33 per unit in February 2007.
NOTE 3. COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND RELATED PARTIES
Development Stage Operations and Liquidity
The Company is in the development stage and anticipates that the total cost of the organization, start-up, and to construct the plant to be approximately $210,000,000. If and when the plant is completed, its liquidity, results of operations and financial performance will be impacted by many variables, including the market price for commodities such as, but not limited to corn, ethanol and other energy commodities, as well as the market price for any co-products generated by the facility and the cost of labor and other operating costs. It is also possible that changes to the United States Tax Code could affect the financial results of future operations.
Consulting Agreements and Contracts
The Company has also entered into a Memorandum of Understanding with an entity in May 2006 pursuant to which this entity will assist in contracting negotiations with various service and product providers; assist the planning of the Company’s equity marketing effort; assist with the securing of debt financing for the commencement of construction of the project; assist the education of local lenders; and perform such other reasonably necessary duties as the Company may request for the timely and successful securing of debt financing and commencement of construction of the project. In exchange for these project development services, the Company has agreed to pay this entity the following amounts:
| · | A one-time commitment f non-refundable commitment fee of $50,000 upon execution of this Memorandum of Understanding; |
| · | A monthly retainer fee of $7,500 plus expenses for eleven consecutive months; |
| · | After the first anniversary of this Memorandum of Understanding, if still in effect, $100 per hour plus expenses for services rendered; and |
| · | As a project milestone, a one-time payment of $750,000 upon the latter of the Company closing a loan, or otherwise securing funding necessary to complete the construction and operate the proposed facility through start-up. |
This entity is not a related party. There is no assurance that this entity will be able to successfully assist the Company in developing the project.
The Company has entered into an Option Agreement with an entity in July 2007 regarding the exclusive option to purchase of approximately 180 acres in Wayne County, Georgia. As of September 5, 2007, the Company has an earnest money deposit with the entity of $5,000. As of September 30, 2007, there is no future earnest money deposits required and no purchase price stated in the Agreement.
The Company has entered into a consulting agreement with an entity in March 2007 to provide certain geotechnical and environmental services as required. This agreement may be cancelled with written notice. There is no obligation for payments other than for work performed and invoiced.
The Company has entered into a consulting agreement with an entity in July 2007 to provide permitting application, wetlands mitigation and other environmental consulting services as requested. This agreement may be cancelled with written notice. There is no obligation for payments other than for work performed and invoiced.
The Company entered into a project development and consulting agreement with a member of the Company in April 2007 to provide project development and management services to the Company. The Company has agreed to compensate this member a monthly non-employee management fee of $10,000 for the period May through August 2007.
In 2007, a not-for-profit entity was created to research, educate, promote, and advocate the establishment and growth of the ethanol industry throughout the South and to increase customer demand for ethanol through education about its environmental, economic, and social benefits. This entity and the Company share common board management. None of the board members of this entity receive any form of compensation or benefit from this entity. In 2007, the Company paid dues to this entity of $16,000.
NOTE 4. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Effective September 6, 2007, the Board of Directors of the Company agreed to merge the Company with three other development stage ethanol plant-related entities to form a new limited liability company, East Coast Ethanol, LLC, registered in the State of Delaware. The transaction involved the exchange of existing member units in the Company for 545 units of East Coast Ethanol, LLC units distributed in proportion to each member’s share of original units of the Company resulting in a 25% equity ownership percentage of East Coast Ethanol, LLC.
EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC
FORMERLY PALMETTO AGRI-FUELS, LLC FOR FINANCIAL REPORTING PURPOSES
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
PRO FORMA COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
On September 6, 2007, four limited liability companies were merged into a newly formed entity (East Coast Ethanol, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company). Effective upon the consummation of the merger, the four limited liability companies (Palmetto Agri-Fuels, LLC (acquirer) and the acquired entities including Atlantic Ethanol, LLC, Mid Atlantic Ethanol, LLC, and Florida Ethanol, LLC) were dissolved. Accordingly, each of the membership interests in the predecessor entities was converted into a corresponding membership interest in East Coast Ethanol, LLC. Each entity received 25% of the membership units distributed by East Coast Ethanol, LLC, which were ultimately distributed to each of the entity’s members based on the member’s proportionate interest in each entity. The merger is considered a business combination of development stage companies, and as such, all assets and liabilities of the acquired entities were recorded at their historical costs (which approximates the fair value on the acquisition date) by East Coast Ethanol, LLC on the date of the acquisition. Through membership ownership, ongoing management and board of directors’ composition, and amount of net assets, Palmetto Agri-Fuels, LLC was deemed to be the acquiring entity for financial reporting purposes.
The unaudited pro forma combined statements of operations have been prepared assuming the acquisition occurred as of the beginning of the periods presented. The accompanying unaudited pro forma combined statements of operations should be read in conjunction with the historical financial statements of East Coast Ethanol, LLC, Atlantic Ethanol, LLC, Mid Atlantic Ethanol, LLC, and Florida Ethanol, LLC included elsewhere in this document. The following pro forma financial statement does not give effect to the offering, any related debt financing, or the use of proceeds from either the offering or related debt financing:
PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE PERIOD FROM JANUARY 1, 2007 THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 2007
| | Florida Ethanol, LLC For the period from January 1, 2007 through September 5, 2007 | | Mid Atlantic Ethanol, LLC For the period from Janury 1, 2007 through September 5, 2007 | | Atlantic Ethanol, LLC For the period from January 1, 2007 through September 5, 2007 | | East Coast Ethanol, LLC For the period from January 1, 2007 December 31, 2007 | | Pro Forma Adjustment | | Pro Forma Combined | |
Revenue | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Organizational | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 566,133 | | | | | | 566,133 | |
Start-up | | | 200,776 | | | 136,599 | | | 262,391 | | | 306,835 | | | | | | 906,601 | |
General and administrative | | | 53,417 | | | 128,125 | | | 17,621 | | | 489,348 | | | | | | 688,511 | |
Total | | | 254,193 | | | 264,724 | | | 280,012 | | | 1,362,316 | | | | | | 2,161,245 | |
Operating loss | | | (254,193 | ) | | (264,724 | ) | | (280,012 | ) | | (1,362,316 | ) | | | | | (2,161,245 | ) |
Other income (expense): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest (expense), net | | | 39,427 | | | 46,122 | | | 50,393 | | | 141,105 | | | | | | 277,047 | |
Other income (expense): | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | | | | - | |
Total | | | 39,427 | | | 46,122 | | | 50,393 | | | 141,105 | | | | | | 277,047 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (214,766 | ) | $ | (218,602 | ) | $ | (229,619 | ) | $ | (1,221,211 | ) | | | | $ | (1,884,198 | ) |
Weighted average member units outstanding: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic (b) | | | 4,492 | | | 5,829 | | | 5,580 | | | 920 | | | (14,769) | a | | 2,052 | |
Diluted | | | 4,492 | | | 5,829 | | | 5,580 | | | 920 | | | (14,769) | a | | 2,052 | |
Basic (loss) per member unit | | $ | (48.00 | ) | $ | (38.00 | ) | $ | (41.00 | ) | $ | (1,327.00 | ) | | | | $ | (918.18 | ) |
a The adjustment of the reduction in weighted average member units outstanding reflects the effect of the acquition by East Coast Ethanol in acquiring Florida Ethanol, LLC, Mid Atlantic Ehtanol, LLC and Atlantic Ethanol, LLC as of January 1, 2007 for the Pro Forma Combined. The member units issued by East Coast Ethanol, LLC was 545 member units for each entity acquired. In addition, East Coast Ethanol, LLC had issued an additional 399 member units and redemption of 12 member units throughout the year.
b The basic weighted average units are calculated by dividing the cumulative daily units outstanding for the period stated by the number of days in that period.
Appendix A
CERTIFICATE OF FORMATION
OF
EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC
This Certificate of Formation of East Coast Ethanol, LLC (the “Company”), dated as of July 27, 2007, is being duly executed and filed by Judd W. Vande Voort, an Authorized Person, to form a limited liability company under the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, Del. Code, tit. 6, Section 18-101 et seq., as amended from time to time (the “Act”).
1. | Name. The name the limited liability company formed hereby is “East Coast Ethanol, LLC.” |
2. | Registered Office. The address of the initial registered office of the Company in the State of Delaware is Corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street, Bloomington, Delaware 19801. |
3. | Registered Agent. The name and address of the registered agent for service of process on the Company in the State of Delaware is The Corporation Trust Company. |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Certificate of Formation as of the date first above written.
| | |
| AUTHORIZED PERSON |
| | |
| | /s/ Judd W. Vande Voort |
|
Judd W. Vande Voort |
Appendix B
OPERATING AGREEMENT
OF
EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC
Dated July 27, 2007
EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC
OPERATING AGREEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page |
SECTION 1: THE COMPANY | 1 |
1.1 Formation | 1 |
1.2 Name | 1 |
1.3 Purpose; Powers | 1 |
1.4 Principal Place of Business | 2 |
1.5 Term | 2 |
1.6 Title to Property | 2 |
1.7 Payment of Individual Obligations | 2 |
1.8 Independent Activities; Transactions With Affiliates | 2 |
1.9 Definitions | 2 |
| |
SECTION 2. CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS; CAPITAL ACCOUNTS | 8 |
2.1 Original Capital Contributions | 8 |
2.2 Additional Capital Contributions; Additional Units | 9 |
2.3 Capital Accounts | 9 |
| |
SECTION 3. ALLOCATIONS | 10 |
3.1 Profits | 10 |
3.2 Losses | 10 |
3.3 Special Allocations | 10 |
3.4 Curative Allocations | 12 |
3.5 Loss Limitation | 12 |
3.6 Other Allocation Rules | 12 |
3.7 Tax Allocations: Code Section 704(c) | 13 |
3.8 Tax Credit Allocations | 13 |
| |
SECTION 4. DISTRIBUTIONS | 13 |
4.1 Net Cash Flow | 13 |
4.2 Amounts Withheld | 13 |
4.3 Limitations on Distributions | 14 |
| |
SECTION 5. MANAGEMENT | 14 |
5.1 Directors | 14 |
5.2 Number of Total Directors | 14 |
5.3 Election of Directors | 14 |
5.4 Removal of Directors | 16 |
5.5 Committees | 16 |
5.6 Authority of Directors | 16 |
5.7 Director as Agent | 18 |
5.8 Restriction on Authority of Directors | 18 |
5.9 Director Meetings and Notice | 19 |
5.10 Action Without a Meeting | 19 |
5.11 Quorum; Manner of Acting | 19 |
5.12 Voting; Potential Financial Interest | 20 |
5.13 Duties and Obligations of Directors | 20 |
5.14 Chairman and Vice Chairman | 20 |
5.15 President and Chief Executive Officer | 20 |
5.16 Chief Financial Officer | 20 |
5.17 Secretary; Assistant Secretary | 21 |
5.18 Vice President | 21 |
5.19 Delegation | 21 |
5.20 Execution of Instruments | 21 |
5.21 Limitation of Liability; Indemnification of Directors | 21 |
5.22 Compensation; Expenses of Directors | 22 |
5.23 Loans | 22 |
| |
SECTION 6. ROLE OF MEMBERS | 22 |
6.1 One Membership Class | 22 |
6.2 Members | 23 |
6.3 Additional Members | 23 |
6.4 Rights or Powers | 23 |
6.5 Voting Rights of Members | 23 |
6.6 Member Meetings | 23 |
6.7 Conduct of Meetings | 23 |
6.8 Notice of Meetings; Waiver | 23 |
6.9 Quorum and Proxies | 24 |
6.10 Voting; Action by Members | 24 |
6.11 Record Date | 24 |
6.12 Termination of Membership | 24 |
6.13 Continuation of the Company | 24 |
6.14 No Obligation to Purchase Membership Interest | 24 |
6.15 Waiver of Dissenters Rights | 24 |
| |
SECTION 7. ACCOUNTING, BOOKS AND RECORDS | 24 |
7.1 Accounting, Books and Records | 24 |
7.2 Delivery to Members and Inspection | 25 |
7.3 Reports | 25 |
7.4 Tax Matters | 26 |
| |
SECTION 8. AMENDMENTS | 26 |
8.1 Amendments | 26 |
| |
SECTION 9. TRANSFERS | 27 |
9.1 Restrictions on Transfers | 27 |
9.2 Permitted Transfers | 27 |
9.3 Conditions Precedent to Transfers | 27 |
9.4 Prohibited Transfers | 29 |
9.5 No Dissolution or Termination | 29 |
9.6 Prohibition of Assignment | 29 |
9.7 Rights of Unadmitted Assignees | 29 |
9.8 Admission of Substituted Members | 30 |
9.9 Representations Regarding Transfers | 30 |
9.10 Distribution and Allocation in Respect of Transferred Units | 31 |
9.11 Additional Members | 31 |
| |
SECTION 10. DISSOLUTION AND WINDING UP | 32 |
10.1 Dissolution | 32 |
10.2 Winding Up | 32 |
10.3 Compliance with Certain Requirements of Regulations; Deficit Capital Accounts | 32 |
10.4 Deemed Distribution and Recontribution | 33 |
10.5 Rights of Unit Holders | 33 |
10.6 Allocations During Period of Liquidation | 33 |
10.7 Character of Liquidating Distributions | 33 |
10.8 The Liquidator | 33 |
10.9 Forms of Liquidating Distributions | 34 |
| |
SECTION 11. MISCELLANEOUS | 34 |
11.1 Notices | 34 |
11.2 Binding Effect | 34 |
11.3 Construction | 34 |
11.4 Headings | 34 |
11.5 Severability | 34 |
11.6 Incorporation By Reference | 34 |
11.7 Variation of Terms | 35 |
11.8 Governing Law | 35 |
11.9 Waiver of Jury Trial | 35 |
11.10 Counterpart Execution | 35 |
11.11 Specific Performance | 35 |
OPERATING AGREEMENT
OF
EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC
THIS OPERATING AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”) is entered into and shall be effective as of the 27 day of July, 2007, by and among East Coast Ethanol, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”), each of the Persons (as hereinafter defined) who are identified as Members on the attached Exhibit “A” and who have executed a counterpart of this Agreement, and any other Persons as may from time-to-time be subsequently admitted as a Member of the Company in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. Capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the meaning set forth in Section 1.9.
WHEREAS, the Company’s organizers caused to be filed with the State of Delaware, Certificate of Formation dated July 27, 2007, pursuant to the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act (the “Act”); and
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants and agreements contained herein, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:
1.1 Formation. The initial Members formed the Company as a Delaware limited liability company by filing Certificate of Formation with the Delaware Secretary of State on July 27, 2007 pursuant to the provisions of the Act. To the extent that the rights or obligations of any Member are different by reason of any provision of this Agreement than they would be in the absence of such provision, this Agreement shall, to the extent permitted by the Act, control.
1.2 Name. The name of the Company shall be “East Coast Ethanol, LLC” and all business of the Company shall be conducted in such name.
1.3 Purpose; Powers. The nature of the business and purposes of the Company are: (i) to own, construct, operate, lease, finance, contract with, and/or invest in ethanol production and co-product production facilities as permitted under the applicable laws of the State of Delaware; (ii) to engage in the processing of corn, grains and other feedstock into ethanol and any and all related co-products, and the marketing of all products and co-products from such processing; and (iii) to engage in any other business and investment activity in which a Delaware limited liability company may lawfully be engaged, as determined by the Directors. The Company has the power to do any and all acts necessary, appropriate, proper, advisable, incidental or convenient to or in furtherance of the purpose of the Company as set forth in this Section 1.3 and has, without limitation, any and all powers that may be exercised on behalf of the Company by the Directors pursuant to Section 5 hereof.
1.4 Principal Place of Business. The Company shall continuously maintain an office in Delaware. The principal office of the Company shall be at Corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street, Bloomington, Delaware 19801 or elsewhere in the State of Delaware as the Directors may determine. Any documents required by the Act to be kept by the Company shall be maintained at the Company’s principal office.
1.5 Term. The term of the Company commenced on the date the Certificate of Formation (the “Certificate”) of the Company were filed with the office of the Delaware Secretary of State, and shall continue until the winding up and liquidation of the Company and its business is completed following a Dissolution Event as provided in Section 10 hereof.
1.6 Title to Property. All Property owned by the Company shall be owned by the Company as an entity and no Member shall have any ownership interest in such Property (as hereinafter defined) in his/her/its individual name. Each Member’s interest in the Company shall be personal property for all purposes. At all times after the Effective Date, the Company shall hold title to all of its Property in the name of the Company and not in the name of any Member.
1.7 Payment of Individual Obligations. The Company’s credit and assets shall be used solely for the benefit of the Company, and no asset of the Company shall be Transferred or encumbered for, or in payment of, any individual obligation of any Member.
1.8 Independent Activities; Transactions With Affiliates. The Directors shall be required to devote such time to the affairs of the Company as may be necessary to manage and operate the Company, and shall be free to serve any other Person or enterprise in any capacity that the Director may deem appropriate in such Director’s discretion. Neither this Agreement nor any activity undertaken pursuant hereto shall (i) prevent any Member or Director or its Affiliates, acting on its own behalf, from engaging in whatever activities it chooses, whether the same are competitive with the Company or otherwise, and any such activities may be undertaken without having or incurring any obligation to offer any interest in such activities to the Company or any Member; or (ii) require any Member or Director to permit the Company or Director or Member or its Affiliates to participate in any such activities, and as a material part of the consideration for the execution of this Agreement by each Member, each Member hereby waives, relinquishes, and renounces any such right or claim of participation. To the extent permitted by applicable law and subject to the provisions of this Agreement, the Directors are hereby authorized to cause the Company to purchase Property from, sell Property to or otherwise deal with any Member (including any Member who is also a Director), acting on its own behalf, or any Affiliate of any Member; provided that any such purchase, sale or other transaction shall be made on terms and conditions which are no less favorable to the Company than if the sale, purchase or other transaction had been made with an independent third party.
1.9 Definitions. Capitalized words and phrases used in this Agreement have the following meanings:
(a) “Act” means the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, as amended from time to time (or any corresponding provision or provisions of any succeeding law).
(b) “Adjusted Capital Account Deficit” means, with respect to any Unit Holder, the deficit balance, if any, in such Unit Holder’s Capital Account as of the end of the relevant Fiscal Year, after giving effect to the following adjustments: (i) Credit to such Capital Account any amounts which such Unit Holder is deemed to be obligated to restore pursuant to the next to the last sentences in Sections 1.704-2(g)(1) and 1.704-2(i)(5) of the Regulations; and (ii) Debit to such Capital Account the items described in Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(5) and 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(6) of the Regulations. The foregoing definition is intended to comply with the provisions of Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) of the Regulations and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.
(c) “Affiliate” means, with respect to any Person: (i) any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with such Person; (ii) any officer, director, general partner, member or trustee of such Person; or (iii) any Person who is an officer, director, general partner, member or trustee of any Person described in clauses (i) or (ii) of this sentence. For purposes of this definition, the terms “controlling,” “controlled by” or “under common control with” shall mean the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person or entity, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise, or the power to elect at least 50% of the directors, members, or persons exercising similar authority with respect to such Person or entities.
(d) “Agreement” means this Operating Agreement of East Coast Ethanol, LLC, as amended from time to time.
(e) “Certificate” means the Certificate of Formation of the Company filed with the Delaware Secretary of State, as same may be amended from time to time.
(f) “Assignee” means a transferee of Units who is not admitted as a substituted member pursuant to Section 9.8.
(g) “Capital Account” means the separate capital account maintained for each Unit Holder in accordance with Section 2.3.
(h) “Capital Contributions” means, with respect to any Member, the amount of money (US Dollars) and the initial Gross Asset Value of any assets or property (other than money) contributed by the Member (or such Member’s predecessor in interest) to the Company (net of liabilities secured by such contributed property that the Company is considered to assume or take subject to under CODE Section 752) with respect to the Units in the Company held or purchased by such Member, including additional Capital Contributions.
(i) “CODE” means the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.
(j) “Company” means East Coast Ethanol, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.
(k) “Company Minimum Gain” has the meaning given the term “partnership minimum gain” in Sections 1.704-2(b)(2) and 1.704-2(d) of the Regulations.
(l) “Debt” means (i) any indebtedness for borrowed money or the deferred purchase price of property as evidenced by a note, bonds, or other instruments; (ii) obligations as lessee under capital leases; (iii) obligations secured by any mortgage, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, lien or charge of any kind existing on any asset owned or held by the Company whether or not the Company has assumed or become liable for the obligations secured thereby; (iv) any obligation under any interest rate swap agreement; (v) accounts payable; and (vi) obligations under direct or indirect guarantees of (including obligations (contingent or otherwise) to assure a creditor against loss in respect of) indebtedness or obligations of the kinds referred to in clauses (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v), above provided that Debt shall not include obligations in respect of any accounts payable that are incurred in the ordinary course of the Company’s business and are not delinquent or are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings.
(m) “Depreciation” means, for each Fiscal Year, an amount equal to the depreciation, amortization, or other cost recovery deduction allowable with respect to an asset for such Fiscal Year, except that if the Gross Asset Value of an asset differs from its adjusted basis for federal income tax purposes at the beginning of such Fiscal Year, Depreciation shall be an amount which bears the same ratio to such beginning Gross Asset Value as the federal income tax depreciation, amortization, or other cost recovery deduction for such Fiscal Year bears to such beginning adjusted tax basis; provided, however, that if the adjusted basis for federal income tax purposes of an asset at the beginning of such Fiscal Year is zero, Depreciation shall be determined with reference to such beginning Gross Asset Value using any reasonable method selected by the Directors.
(n) “Director” means any Person who (i) is referred to as such in Section 5.1 of this Agreement or has become a Director pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, and (ii) has not ceased to be a Director pursuant to the terms of this Agreement. “Directors” means all such Persons. For purposes of the Act, the Directors shall be deemed to be the “managers” (as such term is defined and used in the Act) of the Company.
(o) “Dissolution Event” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 10.1 hereof.
(p) “Effective Date” means July 27, 2007.
(q) “Facilities” shall mean the ethanol production and co-product production facilities in the states of Florida, Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina or such other location as may be determined by the Directors to be constructed and operated by the Company pursuant to the Company’s business plan as may be amended from time to time.
(r) “Fiscal Year” means (i) any twelve-month period commencing on January 1 and ending on December 31 and (ii) the period commencing on the immediately preceding January 1 and ending on the date on which all Property is distributed to the Unit Holders pursuant to Section 10 hereof, or, if the context requires, any portion of a Fiscal Year for which an allocation of Profits or Losses or a distribution is to be made.
(s) “GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in effect in the United States of America from time to time.
(t) “Gross Asset Value” means with respect to any asset, the asset’s adjusted basis for federal income tax purposes, except as follows: (i) The initial Gross Asset Value of any asset contributed by a Member to the Company shall be the gross fair market value of such asset, as determined by the Directors provided that the initial Gross Asset Values of the assets contributed to the Company pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof shall be as set forth in such section; (ii) The Gross Asset Values of all Company assets shall be adjusted to equal their respective gross fair market values (taking CODE Section 7701(g) into account), as determined by the Directors as of the following times: (A) the acquisition of an additional interest in the Company by any new or existing Member in exchange for more than a de minimis Capital Contribution; (B) the distribution by the Company to a Member of more than a de minimis amount of Company property as consideration for an interest in the Company; and (C) the liquidation of the Company within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(g), provided that an adjustment described in clauses (A) and (B) of this paragraph shall be made only if the Directors reasonably determine that such adjustment is necessary to reflect the relative economic interests of the Members in the Company; (iii) The Gross Asset Value of any item of Company assets distributed to any Member shall be adjusted to equal the gross fair market value (taking CODE Section 7701(g) into account) of such asset on the date of distribution as determined by the Directors; and (iv) The Gross Asset Values of Company assets shall be increased (or decreased) to reflect any adjustments to the adjusted basis of such assets pursuant to CODE Section 734(b) or CODE Section 743(b), but only to the extent that such adjustments are taken into account in determining Capital Accounts pursuant to Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m) and subparagraph (vi) of the definition of “Profits” and “Losses” or Section 3.3(c) hereof; provided, however, that Gross Asset Values shall not be adjusted pursuant to this subparagraph (iv) to the extent that an adjustment pursuant to subparagraph (ii) is required in connection with a transaction that would otherwise result in an adjustment pursuant to this subparagraph (iv). If the Gross Asset Value of an asset has been determined or adjusted pursuant to subparagraph (ii) or (iv), such Gross Asset Value shall thereafter be adjusted by the Depreciation taken into account with respect to such asset, for purposes of computing Profits and Losses.
(u) “Issuance Items” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.3(h) hereof.
(v) “Liquidation Period” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.6 hereof.
(w) “Liquidator” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.8 hereof.
(x) “Losses” has the meaning set forth in the definition of “Profits” and “Losses.”
(y) “Member” means any Person (i) whose name is set forth as such on Exhibit “A” initially attached hereto or has become a Member pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, and (ii) who is the owner of one or more Units.
(z) “Members” means all such Members.
(aa) “Membership Economic Interest” means collectively, a Member’s share of “Profits” and “Losses,” the right to receive distributions of the Company’s assets, and the right to information concerning the business and affairs of the Company provided by the Act. The Membership Economic Interest of a Member is quantified by the unit of measurement referred to herein as “Units.”
(bb) “Membership Interest” means collectively, the Membership Economic Interest and Membership Voting Interest.
(cc) “Membership Register” means the membership register maintained by the Company at its principal office or by a duly appointed agent of the Company setting forth the name, address, the number of Units, and Capital Contributions of each Member of the Company, which shall be modified from time to time as additional Units are issued and as Units are transferred pursuant to this Agreement.
(dd) “Membership Voting Interest” means collectively, a Member’s right to vote as set forth in this Agreement or required by the Act. The Membership Voting Interest of a Member shall mean as to any matter to which the Member is entitled to vote hereunder or as may be required under the Act, the right to one (1) vote for each Unit registered in the name of such Member as shown in the Membership Register.
(ee) “Net Cash Flow” means the gross cash proceeds of the Company less the portion thereof used to pay or establish reserves for all Company expenses, debt payments, capital improvements, replacements, and contingencies, all as reasonably determined by the Directors. “Net Cash Flow” shall not be reduced by depreciation, amortization, cost recovery deductions, or similar allowances, but shall be increased by any reductions of reserves previously established.
(ff) “Nonrecourse Deductions” has the meaning set forth in Section 1.704-2(b)(1) of the Regulations.
(gg) “Nonrecourse Liability” has the meaning set forth in Section 1.704-2(b)(3) of the Regulations.
(hh) “Officer” or “Officers” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.18 hereof.
(ii) “Permitted Transfer” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.2 hereof.
(jj) “Person” means any individual, partnership (whether general or limited), joint venture, limited liability company, corporation, trust, estate, association, nominee or other entity.
(kk) “Profits and Losses” mean, for each Fiscal Year, an amount equal to the Company’s taxable income or loss for such Fiscal Year, determined in accordance with Code Section 703(a) (for this purpose, all items of income, gain, loss, or deduction required to be stated separately pursuant to CODE Section 703(a)(1) shall be included in taxable income or loss), with the following adjustments (without duplication): (i) Any income of the Company that is exempt from federal income tax and not otherwise taken into account in computing Profits or Losses pursuant to this definition of “Profits” and “Losses” shall be added to such taxable income or loss; (ii) Any expenditures of the Company described in CODE Section 705(a)(2)(b) or treated as CODE Section 705(a)(2)(b) expenditures pursuant to Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(i), and not otherwise taken into account in computing Profits or Losses pursuant to this definition of “Profits” and “Losses” shall be subtracted from such taxable income or loss; (iii) In the event the Gross Asset Value of any Company asset is adjusted pursuant to subparagraphs (ii) or (iii) of the definition of Gross Asset Value, the amount of such adjustment shall be treated as an item of gain (if the adjustment increases the Gross Asset Value of the asset) or an item of loss (if the adjustment decreases the Gross Asset Value of the asset) from the disposition of such asset and shall be taken into account for purposes of computing Profits or Losses; (iv) Gain or loss resulting from any disposition of Property with respect to which gain or loss is recognized for federal income tax purposes shall be computed by reference to the Gross Asset Value of the Property disposed of, notwithstanding that the adjusted tax basis of such Property differs from its Gross Asset Value; (v) In lieu of the depreciation, amortization, and other cost recovery deductions taken into account in computing such taxable income or loss, there shall be taken into account Depreciation for such Fiscal Year, computed in accordance with the definition of Depreciation; (vi) To the extent an adjustment to the adjusted tax basis of any Company asset pursuant to CODE Section 734(b) is required, pursuant to Regulations Section 1.704-(b)(2)(iv)(m)(4), to be taken into account in determining Capital Accounts as a result of a distribution other than in liquidation of a Unit Holder’s interest in the Company, the amount of such adjustment shall be treated as an item of gain (if the adjustment increases the basis of the asset) or loss (if the adjustment decreases such basis) from the disposition of such asset and shall be taken into account for purposes of computing Profits or Losses; and (vii) Notwithstanding any other provision of this definition, any items which are specially allocated pursuant to Section 3.3 and Section 3.4 hereof shall not be taken into account in computing Profits or Losses. The amounts of the items of Company income, gain, loss or deduction available to be specially allocated pursuant to Sections 3.3 and Section 3.4 hereof shall be determined by applying rules analogous to those set forth in subparagraphs (i) through (vi) above.
(ll) “Property” means all real and personal property acquired by the Company, including cash, and any improvements thereto, and shall include both tangible and intangible property.
(mm) “Regulations” means the Income Tax Regulations, including Temporary Regulations, promulgated under the CODE, as such regulations are amended from time to time.
(nn) “Regulatory Allocations” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.4 hereof.
(oo) “Related Party” means the adopted or birth relatives of any Person and such Person’s spouse (whether by marriage or common law), if any, including without limitation great-grandparents, grandparents, parents, children (including stepchildren and adopted children), grandchildren, and great-grandchildren thereof, and such Person’s (and such Person’s spouse’s) brothers, sisters, and cousins and their respective lineal ancestors and descendants, and any other ancestors and/or descendants, and any spouse of any of the foregoing, each trust created for the exclusive benefit of one or more of the foregoing, and the successors, assigns, heirs, executors, personal representatives and estates of any of the foregoing.
(pp) “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
(qq) “Subsidiary” means any corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, association or other entity in which such Person owns, directly or indirectly, fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding equity securities or interests, the holders of which are generally entitled to vote for the election of the board of directors or other governing body of such entity.
(rr) “Tax Matters Member” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.4 hereof.
(ss) “Transfer” means, as a noun, any voluntary or involuntary transfer, sale, pledge or hypothecation or other disposition and, as a verb, voluntarily or involuntarily to transfer, give, sell, exchange, assign, pledge, bequest or hypothecate or otherwise dispose of.
(tt) “Units” or “Unit” means an ownership interest in the Company representing a Capital Contribution made as provided in Section 2 in consideration of the Units, including any and all benefits to which the holder of such Units may be entitled as provided in this Agreement, together with all obligations of such Person to comply with the terms and provisions of this Agreement.
(uu) “Unit Holders” means all Unit Holders.
(vv) “Unit Holder” means the owner of one or more Units.
(ww) “Unit Holder Nonrecourse Debt” has the same meaning as the term “partner nonrecourse debt” in Section 1.704-2(b)(4) of the Regulations.
(xx) “Unit Holder Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain” means an amount, with respect to each Unit Holder Nonrecourse Debt, equal to the Company Minimum Gain that would result if such Unit Holder Nonrecourse Debt were treated as a Nonrecourse Liability, determined in accordance with Section 1.704-2(i)(3) of the Regulations.
(yy) “Unit Holder Nonrecourse Deductions” has the same meaning as the term “partner nonrecourse deductions” in Sections 1.704-2(i)(1) and 1.704-2(i)(2) of the Regulations.
SECTION 2. CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS; CAPITAL ACCOUNTS
2.1 Original Capital Contributions. The name, original Capital Contribution, and initial Units quantifying the Membership Interest of each Member are set out in Exhibit “A” attached hereto, and shall also be set out in the Membership Register along with those Members admitted after the Effective Date.
2.2 Additional Capital Contributions; Additional Units. No Unit Holder shall be obligated to make any additional Capital Contributions to the Company or to pay any assessment to the Company, other than any unpaid amounts on such Unit Holder’s original Capital Contributions, and no Units shall be subject to any calls, requests or demands for capital. Subject to Section 5.7, additional Membership Economic Interests quantified by additional Units may be issued in consideration of Capital Contributions as agreed to between the Directors and the Person acquiring the Membership Economic Interest quantified by the additional Units. Each Person to whom additional Units are issued shall be admitted as a Member in accordance with this Agreement. Upon such Capital Contributions, the Directors shall cause the Membership Register as maintained by the Company at its principal office and incorporated herein by this reference, to be appropriately amended and such amendments shall not be considered amendments to this Agreement for purposes of Section 8.1 hereof.
2.3 Capital Accounts. A Capital Account shall be maintained for each Unit Holder in accordance with the following provisions:
(a) To each Unit Holder’s Capital Account there shall be credited (i) such Unit Holder’s Capital Contributions; (ii) such Unit Holder’s distributive share of Profits and any items in the nature of income or gain which are specially allocated pursuant to Section 3.3 and Section 3.4; and (iii) the amount of any Company liabilities assumed by such Unit Holder or which are secured by any Property distributed to such Unit Holder;
(b) To each Unit Holder’s Capital Account there shall be debited (i) the amount of money and the Gross Asset Value of any Property distributed to such Unit Holder pursuant to any provision of this Agreement; (ii) such Unit Holder’s distributive share of Losses and any items in the nature of expenses or losses which are specially allocated pursuant to Section 3.3 and 3.4 hereof; and (iii) the amount of any liabilities of such Unit Holder assumed by the Company or which are secured by any Property contributed by such Unit Holder to the Company;
(c) In the event Units are Transferred in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the transferee shall succeed to the Capital Account of the transferor to the extent it relates to the Transferred Units; and
(d) In determining the amount of any liability for purposes of subparagraphs (a) and (b) above there shall be taken into account CODE Section 752(c) and any other applicable provisions of the CODE and Regulations.
The foregoing provisions and the other provisions of this Agreement relating to the maintenance of Capital Accounts are intended to comply with Regulations Section 1.704-1(b), and shall be interpreted and applied in a manner consistent with such Regulations. In the event the Directors shall determine that it is prudent to modify the manner in which the Capital Accounts, or any debits or credits thereto (including, without limitation, debits or credits relating to liabilities which are secured by contributed or distributed property or which are assumed by the Company or any Unit Holders), are computed in order to comply with such Regulations, the Directors may make such modification, provided that it is not likely to have a material effect on the amounts distributed to any Person pursuant to Section 10 hereof upon the dissolution of the Company. The Directors also shall (i) make any adjustments that are necessary or appropriate to maintain equality between the Capital Accounts of the Unit Holders and the amount of capital reflected on the Company’s balance sheet, as computed for book purposes, in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(q), and (ii) make any appropriate modifications in the event unanticipated events might otherwise cause this Agreement not to comply with Regulations Section 1.704-1(b).
SECTION 3. ALLOCATIONS
3.1 Profits. After giving effect to the special allocations in Section 3.3 and Section 3.4 hereof, Profits for any Fiscal Year shall be allocated among the Unit Holders in proportion to Units held.
3.2 Losses. After giving effect to the special allocations in Section 3.3 and 3.4 hereof, Losses for any Fiscal Year shall be allocated among the Unit Holders in proportion to Units held.
3.3 Special Allocations. The following special allocations shall be made in the following order:
(a) Minimum Gain Chargeback. Except as otherwise provided in Section 1.704-2(f) of the Regulations, notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 3, if there is a net decrease in Company Minimum Gain during any Fiscal Year, each Unit Holder shall be specially allocated items of Company income and gain for such Fiscal Year (and, if necessary, subsequent Fiscal Years) in an amount equal to such Unit Holder’s share of the net decrease in Company Minimum Gain, determined in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(g). Allocations pursuant to the previous sentence shall be made in proportion to the respective amounts required to be allocated to each Unit Holder pursuant thereto. The items to be so allocated shall be determined in accordance with sections 1.704-2(f)(6) and 1.704-2(j)(2) of the Regulations. This Section 3.3(a) is intended to comply with the minimum gain chargeback requirement in Section 1.704-2(f) of the Regulations and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.
(b) Unit Holder Minimum Gain Chargeback. Except as otherwise provided in Section 1.704-2(i)(4) of the Regulations, notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 3, if there is a net decrease in Unit Holder Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain attributable to a Unit Holder Nonrecourse Debt during any Fiscal Year, each Unit Holder who has a share of the Unit Holder Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain attributable to such Unit Holder Nonrecourse Debt, determined in accordance with Section 1.704-2(i)(5) of the Regulations, shall be specially allocated items of Company income and gain for such Fiscal Year (and, if necessary, subsequent Fiscal Years) in an amount equal to such Unit Holder’s share of the net decrease in Unit Holder Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain, determined in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(4). Allocations pursuant to the previous sentence shall be made in proportion to the respective amounts required to be allocated to each Unit Holder pursuant thereto. The items to be so allocated shall be determined in accordance with Sections 1.704-2(i)(4) and 1.704-2(j)(2) of the Regulations. This Section 3.3(b) is intended to comply with the minimum gain chargeback requirement in Section 1.704-2(i)(4) of the Regulations and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.
(c) Qualified Income Offset. In the event any Member unexpectedly receives any adjustments, allocations, or distributions described in Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(5), or 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(6) of the Regulations, items of Company income and gain shall be specially allocated to such Member in an amount and manner sufficient to eliminate, to the extent required by the Regulations, the Adjusted Capital Account Deficit as soon as practicable, provided that an allocation pursuant to this Section 3.3(c) shall be made only if and to the extent that the Member would have an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit after all other allocations provided for in this Section 3 have been tentatively made as if this Section 3.3(c) were not in the Agreement.
(d) Gross Income Allocation. In the event any Member has a deficit Capital Account at the end of any Fiscal Year which is in excess of the sum of (i) the amount such Member is obligated to restore pursuant to any provision of this Agreement; and (ii) the amount such Member is deemed to be obligated to restore pursuant to the penultimate sentences of Sections 1.704-2(g)(1) and 1.704-2(i)(5) of the Regulations, each such Member shall be specially allocated items of Company income and gain in the amount of such excess as quickly as possible, provided that an allocation pursuant to this Section 3.3(d) shall be made only if and to the extent that such Member would have a deficit Capital Account in excess of such sum after all other allocations provided for in this Section 3 have been made as if Section 3.3(c) and this Section 3.3(d) were not in this Agreement.
(e) Nonrecourse Deductions. Nonrecourse Deductions for any Fiscal Year or other period shall be specially allocated among the Members in proportion to Units held.
(f) Unit Holder Nonrecourse Deductions. Any Unit Holder Nonrecourse Deductions for any Fiscal Year shall be specially allocated to the Unit Holder who bears the economic risk of loss with respect to the Unit Holder Nonrecourse Debt to which such Unit Holder Nonrecourse Deductions are attributable in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(1).
(g) Section 754 Adjustments. To the extent an adjustment to the adjusted tax basis of any Company asset, pursuant to CODE Section 734(b) or CODE Section 743(b) is required, pursuant to Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m)(2) or 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m)(4), to be taken into account in determining Capital Accounts as the result of a distribution to a Unit Holder in complete liquidation of such Unit Holder’s interest in the Company, the amount of such adjustment to Capital Accounts shall be treated as an item of gain (if the adjustment increases the basis of the asset) or loss (if the adjustment decreases such basis) and such gain or loss shall be specially allocated to the Unit Holders in accordance with their interests in the Company in the event Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m)(2) applies, or to the Unit Holder to whom such distribution was made in the event Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m)(4) applies.
(h) Allocations Relating to Taxable Issuance of Company Units. Any income, gain, loss or deduction realized as a direct or indirect result of the issuance of Units by the Company to a Unit Holder (the “Issuance Items”) shall be allocated among the Unit Holders so that, to the extent possible, the net amount of such Issuance Items, together with all other allocations under this Agreement to each Unit Holder shall be equal to the net amount that would have been allocated to each such Unit Holder if the Issuance Items had not been realized.
3.4 Curative Allocations. The allocations set forth in Sections 3.3(a), 3.3(b), 3.3(c), 3.3(d), 3.3(e), 3.3(f), 3.3(g) and 3.5 (the “Regulatory Allocations”) are intended to comply with certain requirements of the Regulations. It is the intent of the Members that, to the extent possible, all Regulatory Allocations shall be offset either with other Regulatory Allocations or with special allocations of other items of Company income, gain, loss or deduction pursuant to this Section 3.4. Therefore, notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 3 (other than the Regulatory Allocations), the Directors shall make such offsetting special allocations of Company income, gain, loss or deduction in whatever manner it determines appropriate so that, after such offsetting allocations are made, each Member’s Capital Account balance is, to the extent possible, equal to the Capital Account balance such Member would have had if the Regulatory Allocations were not part of the Agreement and all Company items were allocated pursuant to Sections 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3(h).
3.5 Loss Limitation. Losses allocated pursuant to Section 3.2 hereof shall not exceed the maximum amount of Losses that can be allocated without causing any Unit Holder to have an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit at the end of any Fiscal Year. In the event some but not all of the Unit Holders would have Adjusted Capital Account Deficits as a consequence of an allocation of Losses pursuant to Section 3.2 hereof, the limitation set forth in this Section 3.5 shall be applied on a Unit Holder by Unit Holder basis and Losses not allocable to any Unit Holder as a result of such limitation shall be allocated to the other Unit Holders in accordance with the positive balances in such Unit Holder’s Capital Accounts so as to allocate the maximum permissible Losses to each Unit Holder under Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) of the Regulations.
3.6 Other Allocation Rules.
(a) For purposes of determining the Profits, Losses, or any other items allocable to any period, Profits, Losses, and any such other items shall be determined on a daily, monthly, or other basis, as determined by the Directors using any permissible method under CODE Section 706 and the Regulations thereunder.
(b) The Unit Holders are aware of the income tax consequences of the allocations made by this Section 3 and hereby agree to be bound by the provisions of this Section 3 in reporting their shares of Company income and loss for income tax purposes.
(c) Solely for purposes of determining a Unit Holder’s proportionate share of the “excess nonrecourse liabilities” of the Company within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.752-3(a)(3), the Unit Holders’ aggregate interests in Company profits shall be deemed to be as provided in the capital accounts. To the extent permitted by Section 1.704-2(h)(3) of the Regulations, the Directors shall endeavor to treat distributions of Net Cash Flow as having been made from the proceeds of a Nonrecourse Liability or a Unit Holder Nonrecourse Debt only to the extent that such distributions would cause or increase an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit for any Unit Holder.
(d) Allocations of Profits and Losses to the Unit Holders shall be allocated among them in the ratio which each Unit Holder’s Units bears to the total number of Units issued and outstanding.
3.7 Tax Allocations: CODE Section 704(c). In accordance with CODE Section 704(c) and the Regulations thereunder, income, gain, loss, and deduction with respect to any Property contributed to the capital of the Company shall, solely for tax purposes, be allocated among the Unit Holders so as to take account of any variation between the adjusted basis of such Property to the Company for federal income tax purposes and its initial Gross Asset Value (computed in accordance with the definition of Gross Asset Value). In the event the Gross Asset Value of any Company asset is adjusted pursuant to subparagraph (ii) of the definition of Gross Asset Value, subsequent allocations of income, gain, loss, and deduction with respect to such asset shall take account of any variation between the adjusted basis of such asset for federal income tax purposes and its Gross Asset Value in the same manner as under CODE Section 704(c) and the Regulations thereunder. Any elections or other decisions relating to such allocations shall be made by the Directors in any manner that reasonably reflects the purpose and intention of this Agreement. Allocations pursuant to this Section 3.7 are solely for purposes of federal, state, and local taxes and shall not affect, or in any way be taken into account in computing, any Unit Holder’s Capital Account or share of Profits, Losses, other items, or distributions pursuant to any provision of this Agreement.
3.8 Tax Credit Allocations. All credits against income tax with respect to the Company’s property or operations shall be allocated among the Members in accordance with their respective membership interests in the Company for the Fiscal Year during which the expenditure, production, sale, or other event giving rise to the credit occurs. This Section 3.8 is intended to comply with the applicable tax credit allocation principles of section 1.704-1(b)(4)(ii) of the Regulations and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.
SECTION 4. DISTRIBUTIONS
4.1 Net Cash Flow. The Directors, in their discretion, shall make distributions of Net Cash Flow, if any, to the Members. Except as otherwise provided in Section 10 hereof, Net Cash Flow, if any, shall be distributed to the Unit Holders in proportion to Units held subject to, and to the extent permitted by, any loan covenants or restrictions on such distributions agreed to by the Company in any loan, credit or any other debt financing agreements with the Company’s lenders and creditors from time to time in effect. In determining Net Cash Flow, the Directors shall endeavor to provide for cash distributions at such times and in such amounts as will permit the Unit Holders to make timely payment of income taxes.
4.2 Amounts Withheld. All amounts withheld pursuant to the CODE or any provision of any state, local or foreign tax law with respect to any payment, distribution or allocation to the Company or the Unit Holders shall be treated as amounts paid or distributed, as the case may be, to the Unit Holders with respect to which such amount was withheld pursuant to this Section 4.2 for all purposes under this Agreement. The Company is authorized to withhold from payments and distributions, or with respect to allocations to the Unit Holders, and to pay over to any federal, state and local government or any foreign government, any amounts required to be so withheld pursuant to the CODE or any provisions of any other federal, state or local law or any foreign law, and shall allocate any such amounts to the Unit Holders with respect to which such amount was withheld.
4.3 Limitations on Distributions. The Company shall make no distributions to the Unit Holders except as provided in this Section 4 and Section 10 hereof. Notwithstanding any other provision, no distribution shall be made if it is not permitted to be made under the Act.
SECTION 5. MANAGEMENT
5.1 Directors. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the Directors shall direct the business and affairs of the Company, and shall exercise all of the powers of the Company except such powers as are by this Agreement conferred upon or reserved to the Members. The Directors shall adopt such policies, rules, regulations, and actions not inconsistent with law or this Agreement as it may deem advisable. Subject to Section 5.7 hereof or any other express provisions hereof, the business and affairs of the Company shall be managed by or under the direction of the Directors and not by its Members. The amendment or repeal of this section or the adoption of any provision inconsistent therewith shall require an action by the Members pursuant to Section 6.10 of this Agreement.
5.2 Number of Total Directors. The initial number of Directors of the Company shall be seventeen (17). The Directors shall have the authority to reduce the size of the Board of Directors. After any such a reduction, the number of Directors shall be within a range from a minimum of seven (7) Directors and a maximum of thirteen (13) Directors, the exact number of which is to be determined at the discretion of the Board of Directors.
5.3 Election of Directors.
(a) Election of Directors and Terms. Atlantic Ethanol, LLC, Florida Ethanol, LLC, Mid-Atlantic Ethanol, LLC, and Palmetto Agri-Fuels, LLC shall each appoint four (4) initial Directors. Dr. Randy Hudson shall act as the initial independent Director. The initial Directors shall include the individuals set forth on Exhibit “B” attached hereto. The initial Directors shall serve until the first annual or special meeting of the Members following the date on which substantial operations of the Facilities commence, and in all cases until a successor is elected and qualified, or until the earlier death, resignation, removal or disqualification of any such Director. After the expiration of the initial terms of the Directors, at each annual meeting of the Members, Directors shall be elected by the Members for staggered terms of three (3) years and until a successor is elected and qualified. Prior to the expiration of their initial terms, the initial Directors shall, by written resolution, separately identify the Director positions to be elected and so classify each such Director position as Group I, Group II or Group III, with such classification to serve as the basis for the staggering of terms among the elected Directors. The terms of Group I Directors shall expire first (initial term of one year with successors elected to three year terms thereafter), followed by those of Group II Directors (initial term of two years with successors elected to three year terms thereafter), and then Group III Directors (initial and subsequent terms of three years). Directors shall be elected by a plurality vote of the Members so that the nominees receiving the greatest number of votes relative to all other nominees are elected as Directors.
(b) Nominations for Directors. One or more nominees for Director positions up for election shall be named by the then current Directors or by a nominating committee established by the Directors. Nominations for the election of Directors may also be made by any Member entitled to vote generally in the election of Directors. However, any Member that intends to nominate one or more persons for election as Directors at a meeting may do so only if written notice of such Member’s intent to make such nomination or nominations has been given, either by personal delivery or by United States mail, postage prepaid, to the Secretary of the Company not less than sixty (60) days nor more than ninety (90) days prior to the first day of the month corresponding to the previous year’s annual meeting. Each such notice to the Secretary shall set forth:
| | (i) | the name and address of record of the Member who intends to make the nomination; |
| | (ii) | a representation that the Member is a holder of record of Units of the Company entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person or persons specified in the notice; |
| | (iii) | the name, age, business and residence addresses, and principal occupation or employment of each nominee; |
| | (iv) | a description of all arrangements or understandings between the Member and each nominee and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination or nominations are to be made by the Members; |
| | (v) | such other information regarding each nominee proposed by such Member as would be required to be included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to the proxy rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission; |
| | (vi) | the consent of each nominee to serve as a Director of the Company if so elected; and |
| | (vii) | a nominating petition signed and dated by the holders of at least five percent (5%) of the then outstanding Units and clearly setting forth the proposed nominee as a candidate of the Director’s seat to be filled at the next election of Directors. |
The Company may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as may reasonably be required by the Company to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a Director of the Company. The presiding Officer of the meeting may, if the facts warrant, determine that a nomination was not made in accordance with the foregoing procedures, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the meeting and the defective nomination shall be disregarded. The amendment or repeal of this Section or the adoption of any provision inconsistent therewith shall require the approval of a majority of the Membership Voting Interests. Whenever a vacancy occurs other than from expiration of a term of office or removal from office, a majority of the remaining Directors shall appoint a new Director to fill the vacancy for the remainder of such term.
5.4 Removal of Directors. Any person elected to serve as a Director of the Company may be removed from the Board upon an action by the Members in accordance with Section 6.10 of this Agreement. A Director may also be removed from the Board by a resolution approved by the affirmative vote of a super majority of seventy-five percent (75%) of the Directors. The notice of a meeting called or convened for the purpose of removing a Director must include a statement that the purpose, or one of the purposes of the meeting is removal of a Director. A Director may be removed with or without cause.
5.5 Committees. A resolution approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Directors may establish committees having the authority of the Directors in the management of the business of the Company to the extent consistent with this Agreement and provided in the resolution. A committee shall consist of one or more persons appointed by affirmative vote of a majority of the Directors present. A majority of the committee members shall be Directors but not every committee member is required to be a Director. Committees may include a compensation committee and/or an audit committee, in each case consisting of one or more independent Directors or other independent persons. Committees are subject to the direction and control of the Directors, and vacancies in the membership thereof shall be filled by the Directors. A majority of the members of the committee present at a meeting is a quorum for the transaction of business, unless a larger or smaller proportion or number is provided in a resolution approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Directors present.
5.6 Authority of Directors. Subject to the limitations and restrictions set forth in this Agreement, the Directors shall direct the management of the business and affairs of the Company and shall have all of the rights and powers which may be possessed by a “manager” under the Act including, without limitation, the right and power to do or perform the following and, to the extent permitted by the Act or this Agreement, the further right and power by resolution of the Directors to delegate to the Officers or such other Person or Persons to do or perform the following:
(a) Conduct its business, carry on its operations and have and exercise the powers granted by the Act in any state, territory, district or possession of the United States, or in any foreign country which may be necessary or convenient to effect any or all of the purposes for which it is organized;
(b) Acquire by purchase, lease, or otherwise any real or personal property which may be necessary, convenient, or incidental to the accomplishment of the purposes of the Company;
(c) Operate, maintain, finance, improve, construct, own, grant operations with respect to, sell, convey, assign, mortgage, and lease any real estate and any personal property necessary, convenient, or incidental to the accomplishment of the purposes of the Company;
(d) Execute any and all agreements, contracts, documents, certifications, and instruments necessary or convenient in connection with the management, maintenance, and operation of the business, or in connection with managing the affairs of the Company, including, executing amendments to this Agreement and the Certificate in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, both as Directors and, if required, as attorney-in-fact for the Members pursuant to any power of attorney granted by the Members to the Directors;
(e) Borrow money and issue evidences of indebtedness necessary, convenient, or incidental to the accomplishment of the purposes of the Company, and secure the same by mortgage, pledge, or other lien on any Company assets;
(f) Execute, in furtherance of any or all of the purposes of the Company, any deed, lease, mortgage, deed of trust, mortgage note, promissory note, bill of sale, contract, or other instrument purporting to convey or encumber any or all of the Company assets;
(g) Prepay in whole or in part, refinance, recast, increase, modify, or extend any liabilities affecting the assets of the Company and in connection therewith execute any extensions or renewals of encumbrances on any or all of such assets;
(h) Care for and distribute funds to the Members by way of cash income, return of capital, or otherwise, all in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, and perform all matters in furtherance of the objectives of the Company or this Agreement;
(i) Contract on behalf of the Company for the employment and services of employees and/or independent contractors, such as lawyers and accountants, and delegate to such Persons the duty to manage or supervise any of the assets or operations of the Company;
(j) Engage in any kind of activity and perform and carry out contracts of any kind (including contracts of insurance covering risks to Company assets and Directors’ and Officers’ liability) necessary or incidental to, or in connection with, the accomplishment of the purposes of the Company, as may be lawfully carried on or performed by a limited liability company under the laws of each state in which the Company is then formed or qualified;
(k) Take, or refrain from taking, all actions, not expressly proscribed or limited by this Agreement, as may be necessary or appropriate to accomplish the purposes of the Company;
(l) Institute, prosecute, defend, settle, compromise, and dismiss lawsuits or other judicial or administrative proceedings brought on or in behalf of, or against, the Company, the Members or the Directors or Officers in connection with activities arising out of, connected with, or incidental to this Agreement, and to engage counsel or others in connection therewith;
(m) Purchase, take, receive, subscribe for or otherwise acquire, own, hold, vote, use, employ, sell, mortgage, lend, pledge, or otherwise dispose of, and otherwise use and deal in and with, shares or other interests in or obligations of domestic or foreign corporations, associations, general or limited partnerships, other limited liability companies, or individuals or direct or indirect obligations of the United States or of any government, state, territory, government district or municipality or of any instrumentality of any of them;
(n) Agree with any Person as to the form and other terms and conditions of such Person’s Capital Contribution to the Company and cause the Company to issue Membership Economic Interests and Units in consideration of such Capital Contribution; and
(o) Indemnify a Member or Directors or Officers, or former Members or Directors or Officers, and to make any other indemnification that is authorized by this Agreement in accordance with, and to the fullest extent permitted by, the Act.
5.7 Director as Agent. Notwithstanding the power and authority of the Directors to manage the business and affairs of the Company, no Director shall have authority to act as agent for the Company for the purposes of its business (including the execution of any instrument on behalf of the Company) unless the Directors have authorized the Director to take such action. The Directors may also delegate authority to manage the business and affairs of the Company (including the execution of instruments on behalf of the Company) to such Person or Persons (including to any Officers) designated by the Directors, and such Person or Persons (or Officers) shall have such titles and authority as determined by the Directors.
5.8 Restrictions on Authority of Directors.
(a) The Directors shall not have authority to, and they covenant and agree that they shall not, do any of the following acts without the unanimous consent of the Members:
| (i) | Cause or permit the Company to engage in any activity that is not consistent with the purposes of the Company as set forth in Section 1.3 hereof; |
| (ii) | Knowingly do any act in contravention of this Agreement or which would make it impossible to carry on the ordinary business of the Company, except as otherwise provided in this Agreement; |
| (iii) | Possess Company Property, or assign rights in specific Company Property, for other than a Company purpose; or |
| (iv) | Cause the Company to voluntarily take any action that would cause a bankruptcy of the Company. |
(b) The Directors shall not have authority to, and they covenant and agree that they shall not cause the Company to, without the consent of a majority of the Membership Voting Interests:
| (i) | Merge, consolidate, exchange or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the Property, except for a liquidating sale of the Property in connection with the dissolution of the Company; |
| (ii) | Confess a judgment against the Company in an amount in excess of $500,000; |
| (iii) | Issue Units at a purchase price that is less than thirty percent (30%) of the purchase price offered to investors in the Company’s initial registered offering of Units; |
| (iv) | Issue an aggregate number of Units that is greater than one hundred twenty-five percent (125%) of the maximum number of Units to be offered to investors in the Company’s initial registered offering of Units; or |
| (v) | Cause the Company to acquire any equity or debt securities of any Director or any of its Affiliates, or otherwise make loans to any Director or any of its Affiliates. |
The actions specified herein as requiring the consent of the Members shall be in addition to any actions by the Directors that are specified in the Act as requiring the consent or approval of the Members. Unless otherwise required by this Agreement or the Act, any such required consent or approval may be given by a vote of a majority of the Membership Voting Interests.
5.9 Director Meetings and Notice. Meetings of the Directors shall be held at such times and places as shall from time to time be determined by the Directors. Meetings of the Directors may also be called by the Chairman of the Company or by any two or more Directors. If the date, time, and place of a meeting of the Directors has been announced at a previous meeting, no notice shall be required. In all other cases, five (5) days’ written notice of meetings, stating the date, time, and place thereof and any other information required by law or desired by the Person(s) calling such meeting, shall be given to each Director. Any Director may waive notice of any meeting. A waiver of notice by a Director is effective whether given before, at, or after the meeting, and whether given orally, in writing, or by attendance. The attendance of a Director at any meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, unless such Director objects at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of business on the grounds that the meeting is now lawfully called or convened and does not participate thereafter in the meeting.
5.10 Action Without a Meeting. Any action required or permitted to be taken by the Directors may also be taken by a written action signed by a super majority of seventy-five percent (75%) of all Directors authorized to vote on the matter as provided by this Agreement, provided that a copy of such written action shall be promptly given to all such Directors. The Directors may participate in any meeting of the Directors by means of telephone conference or similar means of communication by which all persons participating in the meeting can simultaneously hear each other.
5.11 Quorum; Manner of Acting. Not less than fifty percent (50%) of the total number of Directors authorized to vote on a matter as provided by this Agreement shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any Directors’ meeting. Each Director shall have one (1) vote at meetings of the Directors. The Directors shall take action by the vote of a majority of the number of Directors constituting a quorum as provided by this Agreement.
5.12 Voting; Potential Financial Interest. No Director shall be disqualified from voting on any matter to be determined or decided by the Directors solely by reason of such Director’s (or his/her Affiliate’s) potential financial interest in the outcome of such vote, provided that the nature of such Director’s (or his/her Affiliate’s) potential financial interest was reasonably disclosed to the Board of Directors on behalf of the Company at the time of such vote.
5.13 Duties and Obligations of Directors. The Directors shall cause the Company to conduct its business and operations separate and apart from that of any Director or any of its Affiliates. The Directors shall take all actions which may be necessary or appropriate (i) for the continuation of the Company’s valid existence as a limited liability company under the laws of the State of Delaware and each other jurisdiction in which such existence is necessary to protect the limited liability of Members or to enable the Company to conduct the business in which it is engaged, and (ii) for the accomplishment of the Company’s purposes, including the acquisition, development, maintenance, preservation, and operation of Company Property in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement and applicable laws and regulations. Each Director shall have the duty to discharge the foregoing duties in good faith, in a manner the Director believes to be in the best interests of the Company, and with the care an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would exercise under similar circumstances. The Directors shall be under no other fiduciary duty to the Company or the Members to conduct the affairs of the Company in a particular manner.
5.14 Chairman and Vice Chairman. Unless provided otherwise by a resolution adopted by the Directors, the Chairman shall preside at meetings of the Members and the Directors; shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Directors are carried into effect; may maintain records of and certify proceedings of the Directors and Members; and shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be prescribed by the Directors. The Vice Chairman shall, in the absence or disability of the Chairman, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Chairman and shall perform such other duties as the Directors or the Chairman may from time to time prescribe. The Directors may designate more than one Vice Chairmen, in which case the Vice Chairmen shall be designated by the Directors so as to denote which is most senior in office.
5.15 President and Chief Executive Officer. Until provided otherwise by a resolution of the Directors, the Chairman shall also act as the interim President and CEO of the Company (herein referred to as the “President”; the titles of President and CEO shall constitute a reference to one and the same office and Officer of the Company), and the Chairman may exercise the duties of the office of Chairman using any such designations. The Directors shall appoint someone other than the Chairman as the President of the Company not later than the commencement of operations of the Facilities, and such President shall perform such duties as the Directors may from time to time prescribe, including without limitation, the management of the day-to-day operations of the Facilities.
5.16 Chief Financial Officer. Unless provided otherwise by a resolution adopted by the Directors, the Chief Financial Officer of the Company shall be the Treasurer of the Company and shall keep accurate financial records for the Company; shall deposit all monies, drafts, and checks in the name of and to the credit of the Company in such banks and depositories as the Directors shall designate from time to time; shall endorse for deposit all notes, checks, and drafts received by the Company as ordered by the Directors, making proper vouchers therefore; shall disburse Company funds and issue checks and drafts in the name of the Company as ordered by the Directors, shall render to the President and the Directors, whenever requested, an account of all such transactions as Chief Financial Officer and of the financial condition of the Company, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Directors or the President from time to time.
5.17 Secretary; Assistant Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Directors and of the Members and shall maintain records of, and whenever necessary, certify all proceedings of the Directors and of the Members. The Secretary shall keep the required records of the Company, when so directed by the Directors or other person or person authorized to call such meetings, shall give or cause to be given notice of meetings of the Members and of meetings of the Directors, and shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Chairman or the Directors may prescribe from time to time. An Assistant Secretary, if any, shall perform the duties of the Secretary during the absence or disability of the Secretary.
5.18 Vice President. The Company may have one or more Vice Presidents. If more than one, the Directors shall designate which is most senior. The most senior Vice President shall perform the duties of the President in the absence of the President.
5.19 Delegation. Unless prohibited by a resolution of the Directors, the President, Chief Financial Officer, Vice President and Secretary (individually, an “Officer” and collectively, “Officers”) may delegate in writing some or all of the duties and powers of such Officer’s management position to other Persons. An Officer who delegates the duties or powers of an office remains subject to the standard of conduct for such Officer with respect to the discharge of all duties and powers so delegated.
5.20 Execution of Instruments. All deeds, mortgages, bonds, checks, contracts and other instruments pertaining to the business and affairs of the Company shall be signed on behalf of the Company by (i) the Chairman; or (ii) when authorized by resolutions(s) of the Directors, the President; or (iii) by such other person or persons as may be designated from time to time by the Directors.
5.21 Limitation of Liability; Indemnification of Directors. To the maximum extent permitted under the Act and other applicable law, no Member, Director or Officer of this Company shall be personally liable for any debt, obligation or liability of this Company merely by reason of being a Member, Director, Officer or all of the foregoing. No Director or Officer of this Company shall be personally liable to this Company or its Members for monetary damages for a breach of fiduciary duty by such Director or Officer; provided that this provision shall not eliminate or limit the liability of a Director or Officer for any of the following: (i) for any breach of the duty of loyalty to the Company or its Members; (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or knowing violation of law; or (iii) for a transaction from which the Director or Officer derived an improper personal benefit or a wrongful distribution in violation of the Act. To the maximum extent permitted under the Act and other applicable law, the Company, its receiver, or its trustee (in the case of its receiver or trustee, to the extent of Company Property) shall indemnify, save and hold harmless, and pay all judgments and claims against each Director or Officer relating to any liability or damage incurred by reason of any act performed or omitted to be performed by such Director, or Officer, in connection with the business of the Company, including reasonable attorneys’ fees incurred by such Director in connection with the defense of any action based on any such act or omission, which attorneys’ fees may be paid as incurred, including all such liabilities under federal and state securities laws as permitted by law. To the maximum extent permitted under the Act and other applicable law, in the event of any action by a Unit Holder against any Director or Officer, including a derivative suit, the Company shall indemnify, save harmless, and pay all costs, liabilities, damages and expenses of such Director or Officer, including reasonable attorneys’ fees incurred in the defense of such action. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, no Director or Officer shall be indemnified by the Company to the extent prohibited or limited (but only to the extent limited) by the Act. The Company may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any Person in such Person’s official capacity against any liability asserted against and incurred by such Person in or arising from that capacity, whether or not the Company would otherwise be required to indemnify the Person against the liability.
5.22 Compensation; Expenses of Directors. No Member or Director shall receive any salary, fee, or draw for services rendered to or on behalf of the Company merely by virtue of their status as a Member or Director, it being the intention that, irrespective of any personal interest of any of the Directors, the Directors shall have authority to establish reasonable compensation of all Directors for services to the Company as Directors, Officers, or otherwise. Except as otherwise approved by or pursuant to a policy approved by the Directors, no Member or Director shall be reimbursed for any expenses incurred by such Member or Director on behalf of the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, by resolution by the Directors, the Directors may be paid as reimbursement therefor, their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Directors. In addition, the Directors, by resolution, may approve from time to time, the salaries and other compensation packages of the Officers of the Company.
5.23 Loans. Any Member or Affiliate may, with the consent of the Directors, lend or advance money to the Company. If any Member or Affiliate shall make any loan or loans to the Company or advance money on its behalf, the amount of any such loan or advance shall not be treated as a contribution to the capital of the Company but shall be a debt due from the Company. The amount of any such loan or advance by a lending Member or Affiliate shall be repayable out of the Company’s cash and shall bear interest at a rate not in excess of the prime rate established, from time to time, by any major bank selected by the Directors for loans to its most creditworthy commercial borrowers, plus four percent (4%) per annum. If a Director, or any Affiliate of a Director, is the lending Member, the rate of interest and the terms and conditions of such loan shall be no less favorable to the Company than if the lender had been an independent third party. None of the Members or their Affiliates shall be obligated to make any loan or advance to the Company.
SECTION 6. ROLE OF MEMBERS
6.1 One Membership Class. There shall initially be one class of Membership Interests and one class of Units.
6.2 Members. Each Person who desires to become a Member must complete and execute a signature page to this Agreement in the form of Exhibit “C” attached hereto and such other documents as may be required by the Directors. Each prospective Member must be approved and admitted to the Company by the Board of Directors. The Membership Interests of the Members shall be set forth on the Membership Register as maintained by the Company at its principal office and by this reference is incorporated herein.
6.3 Additional Members. No Person shall become a Member without the approval of the Directors. The Directors may refuse to admit any Person as a Member in their sole discretion. Any such admission must comply with the requirements described in this Agreement and will be effective only after such Person has executed and delivered to the Company such documentation as determined by the Directors to be necessary and appropriate to effect such admission including the Member’s agreement to be bound by this Agreement. Upon the admission of a Member the Directors shall cause the Membership Register to be appropriately amended. Such amendments shall not be considered amendments pursuant to Section 8.1 of this Agreement and will not require Member action for purposes of Section 8.1.
6.4 Rights or Powers. Except as otherwise expressly provided for in this Agreement, the Members shall not have any right or power to take part in the management or control of the Company or its business and affairs or to act for or bind the Company in any way.
6.5 Voting Rights of Members. The Members shall have voting rights as defined by the Membership Voting Interest of such Member and in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. Members do not have a right to cumulate their votes for any matter entitled to a vote of the Members, including election of Directors.
6.6 Member Meetings. Meetings of the Members shall be called by the Directors, and shall be held at the principal office of the Company or at such other place as shall be designated by the person calling the meeting. Members representing an aggregate of not less than thirty percent (30%) of the Membership Voting Interests may also in writing demand that the Directors call a meeting of the Members. Regular meetings of the Members shall be held not less than once per Fiscal Year.
6.7 Conduct of Meetings. Subject to the discretion of the Directors, the Members may participate in any meeting of the Members by means of telephone conference or similar means of communication by which all persons participating in the meeting can simultaneously hear and speak with each other.
6.8 Notice of Meetings; Waiver. Notice of the meeting, stating the place, day and hour of the meeting, shall be given to each Member in accordance with Section 11.1 hereof at least twenty (20) days and no more than sixty (60) days before the day on which the meeting is to be held. A Member may waive the notice of meeting required hereunder by written notice of waiver signed by the Member whether given before, during or after the meeting. Attendance by a Member at a meeting is waiver of notice of that meeting, unless the Member objects at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened and thereafter does not participate in the meeting.
6.9 Quorum and Proxies. The presence (in person or by proxy or mail ballot) of Members representing an aggregate of at least twenty-five percent (25%) of the Membership Voting Interests is required for the transaction of business at a meeting of the Members. Voting by proxy or by mail ballot shall be permitted on any matter if authorized by the Directors.
6.10 Voting; Action by Members. If a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the Membership Voting Interests represented at a meeting of the Members (in person, by proxy, or by mail ballot) and entitled to vote on the matter shall constitute the act of the Members, unless the vote of a greater or lesser proportion or numbers is otherwise required by this Agreement.
6.11 Record Date. For the purpose of determining Members entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of Members or any adjournment of the meeting, or Members entitled to receive payment of any distribution, or to make a determination of Members for any other purpose, the date on which notice of the meeting is mailed (or otherwise delivered) or the date on which the resolution declaring the distribution is adopted, as the case may be, shall be the record date for determination of Members.
6.12 Termination of Membership. The membership of a Member in the Company shall terminate upon the occurrence of events described in the Act, including resignation and withdrawal. If for any reason the membership of a Member is terminated, the Member whose membership has terminated loses all Membership Voting Interests and shall be considered merely as Assignee of the Membership Economic Interest owned before the termination of membership, having only the rights of an unadmitted Assignee provided for in Section 9.7 hereof.
6.13 Continuation of the Company. The Company shall not be dissolved upon the occurrence of any event that is deemed to terminate the continued membership of a Member. The Company’s affairs shall not be required to be wound up. The Company shall continue without dissolution.
6.14 No Obligation to Purchase Membership Interest. No Member whose membership in the Company terminates, nor any transferee of such Member, shall have any right to demand or receive a return of such terminated Member’s Capital Contributions or to require the purchase or redemption of the Member’s Membership Interest. The other Members and the Company shall not have any obligation to purchase or redeem the Membership Interest of any such terminated Member or transferee of any such terminated Member.
6.15 Waiver of Dissenters Rights. Each Member hereby disclaims, waives and agrees, to the fullest extent permitted by law or the Act, not to assert dissenters’ or similar rights under the Act.
SECTION 7. ACCOUNTING, BOOKS AND RECORDS
7.1 Accounting, Books and Records. The books and records of the Company shall be kept, and the financial position and the results of its operations recorded, in accordance with GAAP. The books and records shall reflect all the Company transactions and shall be appropriate and adequate for the Company’s business. The Company shall maintain at its principal office all of the following: (i) A current list of the full name and last known business or residence address of each Member and Assignee set forth in alphabetical order, together with the Capital Contributions, Capital Account and Units of each Member and Assignee; (ii) The full name and business address of each Director; (iii) A copy of the Certificate and any and all amendments thereto together with executed copies of any powers of attorney pursuant to which the Certificate or any amendments thereto have been executed; (iv) Copies of the Company’s federal, state, and local income tax or information returns and reports, if any, for the six most recent taxable years; (v) A copy of this Agreement and any and all amendments thereto together with executed copies of any powers of attorney pursuant to which this Agreement or any amendments thereto have been executed; and (vi) Copies of the financial statements of the Company, if any, for the six most recent Fiscal Years. The Company shall use the accrual method of accounting in preparation of its financial reports and for tax purposes and shall keep its books and records accordingly.
7.2 Delivery to Members and Inspection. Any Member or its designated representative shall have reasonable access during normal business hours to the information and documents kept by the Company pursuant to Section 7.1. The rights granted to a Member pursuant to this Section 7.2 are expressly subject to compliance by such Member with the safety, security and confidentiality procedures and guidelines of the Company, as such procedures and guidelines may be established from time to time. Upon the request of any Member for purposes reasonably related to the interest of that Person as a Member, the Directors shall promptly deliver to the requesting Member, at the expense of the requesting Member, a copy of the information required to be maintained under Section 7.1. Each Member has the right, upon reasonable request for purposes reasonably related to the interest of the Person as a Member and for proper purposes, to: (i) inspect and copy during normal business hours any of the Company records described in Section 7.1; and (ii) obtain from the Directors, promptly after their becoming available, a copy of the Company’s federal, state, and local income tax or information returns for each Fiscal Year. Each Assignee shall have the right to information regarding the Company only to the extent required by the Act.
7.3 Reports. The chief financial officer of the Company shall be responsible for causing the preparation of financial reports of the Company and the coordination of financial matters of the Company with the Company’s accountants. The Company shall cause to be delivered to each Member the financial statements listed below, prepared, in each case (other than with respect to Member’s Capital Accounts, which shall be prepared in accordance with this Agreement) in accordance with GAAP consistently applied. Delivery of the financial statements shall occur as soon as practicable following the end of each Fiscal Year (and in any event not later than one hundred and twenty (120) days after the end of such Fiscal Year) and at such time as distributions are made to the Unit Holders pursuant to Section 10 hereof following the occurrence of a Dissolution Event. The financial statements shall consist of a balance sheet of the Company as of the end of such Fiscal Year and the related statements of operations, Unit Holders’ Capital Accounts and changes therein, and cash flows for such Fiscal Year, together with appropriate notes to such financial statements and supporting schedules, all of which shall be audited and certified by the Company’s accountants, and in each case, to the extent the Company was in existence, setting forth in comparative form the corresponding figures for the immediately preceding Fiscal Year end (in the case of the balance sheet) and the two (2) immediately preceding Fiscal Years (in the case of the statements). For purposes of this paragraph, public access to the financial statements through either the Company’s or the Securities and Exchange Commission’s website shall constitute delivery pursuant to this Section 7.3.
7.4 Tax Matters. The Directors shall, without any further consent of the Unit Holders being required (except as specifically required herein), make any and all elections for federal, state, local, and foreign tax purposes as the Directors shall determine appropriate and represent the Company and the Unit Holders before taxing authorities or courts of competent jurisdiction in tax matters affecting the Company or the Unit Holders in their capacities as Unit Holders, and to file any tax returns and execute any agreements or other documents relating to or affecting such tax matters, including agreements or other documents that bind the Unit Holders with respect to such tax matters or otherwise affect the rights of the Company and the Unit Holders. The Directors shall designate a Person to be specifically authorized to act as the “Tax Matters Member” under the CODE and in any similar capacity under state or local law; provided, however, that the Directors shall have the authority to designate, remove and replace the Tax Matters Member who shall act as the tax matters partner within the meaning of and pursuant to Regulations Sections 301.6231(a)(7)-1 and -2 or any similar provision under state or local law. Necessary tax information shall be delivered to each Unit Holder as soon as practicable after the end of each Fiscal Year of the Company but not later than three (3) months after the end of each Fiscal Year.
SECTION 8. AMENDMENTS
8.1 Amendments. Amendments to this Agreement may be proposed by the Board of Directors or upon delivery of a written petition signed and dated by Members holding at least five percent (5%) of the then outstanding Units of the Company. Delivery of the signed petition must be made by personal delivery by one of the signing Members, or by United States mail, postage prepaid, to the Secretary of the Company. Each such petition delivered to the Secretary shall set forth the name and address of each signing Member, a representation of the number of record Units of which each Member holds, and must clearly set forth the Amendment which the signing Members are seeking. The Board of Directors shall submit to the Members a verbatim statement of any proposed amendment, providing that counsel for the Company shall have approved of the same in writing as to form, and the Board of Directors shall include in any such submission a recommendation as to the proposed amendment. The Board of Directors shall seek the written vote of the Members on the proposed amendment or shall call a meeting to vote thereon and to transact any other business that it may deem appropriate. Except as otherwise provided under this Agreement, a proposed amendment shall be adopted and be effective as an amendment hereto only if approved by an action of the Members pursuant to Section 6.10 of this Agreement. Notwithstanding any provision of this Section 8.1 to the contrary, this Agreement shall not be amended without the consent of each Member adversely affected if such amendment would modify the limited liability of a Member.
SECTION 9. TRANSFERS
9.1 Restrictions on Transfers. Except as otherwise permitted by this Agreement, no Member shall Transfer all or any portion of its Units. In the event that any Member pledges or otherwise encumbers all or any part of its Units as security for the payment of a Debt, any such pledge or hypothecation shall be made pursuant to a pledge or hypothecation agreement that requires the pledgee or secured party to be bound by all of the terms and conditions of this Section 9. In the event such pledgee or secured party becomes the Unit Holder hereunder pursuant to the exercise of such party’s rights under such pledge or hypothecation agreement, such pledgee or secured party shall be bound by all terms and conditions of this Operating Agreement and all other agreements governing the rights and obligations of Unit Holders. In such case, such pledgee or secured party, and any transferee or purchaser of the Units held by such pledgee or secured party, shall not have any Membership Voting Interest attached to such Units unless and until the Directors have approved in writing and admitted as a Member hereunder, such pledgee, secured party, transferee or purchaser of such Units.
9.2 Permitted Transfers. Subject to the conditions and restrictions set forth in this Section 9, a Unit Holder may:
(a) at any time Transfer all or any portion of its Units:
| (i) | to the transferor’s administrator or trustee to whom such Units are transferred involuntarily by operation of law or judicial decree, or; |
| (ii) | without consideration to or in trust for descendants or the spouse of a Member; and |
(b) at any time following the date on which substantial operations at any of the Facilities commences, Transfer all or any portion of its Units:
| (i) | to any Person approved by the Directors in writing, |
| (ii) | to any other Member or to any Affiliate or Related Party of another Member; or |
| (iii) | to any Affiliate or Related Party of the transferor. |
Any such Transfer set forth in this Section 9.2 and meeting the conditions set forth in Section 9.3 below is referred to in this Agreement as a “Permitted Transfer.”
9.3 Conditions Precedent to Transfers. In addition to the conditions set forth above, no Transfer of a Membership Interest shall be effective unless and until all of the following conditions have been satisfied:
(a) Except in the case of a Transfer involuntarily by operation of law, the transferor and transferee shall execute and deliver to the Company such documents and instruments of Transfer as may be necessary or appropriate in the opinion of counsel to the Company to effect such Transfer. In the case of a Transfer of Units involuntarily by operation of law, the Transfer shall be confirmed by presentation to the Company of legal evidence of such Transfer, in form and substance satisfactory to counsel to the Company. In all cases, the transferor and/or transferee shall pay all reasonable costs and expenses connected with the Transfer and the admission of the Transferee as a Member and incurred as a result of such Transfer, including but not limited to, legal fees and costs.
(b) The transferor and transferee shall furnish the Company with the transferee’s taxpayer identification number, sufficient information to determine the transferee’s initial tax basis in the Units transferred, and any other information reasonably necessary to permit the Company to file all required federal and state tax returns and other legally required information statements or returns. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company shall not be required to make any distribution otherwise provided for in this Agreement with respect to any transferred Units until it has received such information.
(c) Except in the case of a Transfer of any Units involuntarily by operation of law, either (i) such Units shall be registered under the Securities Act, and any applicable state securities laws, or (ii) the transferor shall provide an opinion of counsel, which opinion and counsel shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Directors, to the effect that such Transfer is exempt from all applicable registration requirements and that such Transfer will not violate any applicable laws regulating the Transfer of securities.
(d) Except in the case of a Transfer of Units involuntarily by operation of law, the transferor shall provide an opinion of counsel, which opinion and counsel shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Directors, to the effect that such Transfer will not cause the Company to be deemed to be an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
(e) Unless otherwise approved by the Directors and Members representing in the aggregate a 75% super majority of the Membership Voting Interests, no Transfer of Units shall be made except upon terms which would not, in the opinion of counsel chosen by and mutually acceptable to the Directors and the transferor Member, result in the termination of the Company within the meaning of Section 708 of the CODE or cause the application of the rules of Sections 168(g)(1)(B) and 168(h) of the CODE or similar rules to apply to the Company. If the immediate Transfer of such Unit would, in the opinion of such counsel, cause a termination within the meaning of Section 708 of the CODE, then if, in the opinion of such counsel, the following action would not precipitate such termination, the transferor Member shall be entitled to (or required, as the case may be) (i) immediately Transfer only that portion of its Units as may, in the opinion of such counsel, be transferred without causing such a termination and (ii) enter into an agreement to Transfer the remainder of its Units, in one or more Transfers, at the earliest date or dates on which such Transfer or Transfers may be effected without causing such termination. The purchase price for the Units shall be allocated between the immediate Transfer and the deferred Transfer or Transfers pro rata on the basis of the percentage of the aggregate Units being transferred, each portion to be payable when the respective Transfer is consummated, unless otherwise agreed by the parties to the Transfer. In the case of a Transfer by one Member to another Member, the deferred purchase price shall be deposited in an interest-bearing escrow account unless another method of securing the payment thereof is agreed upon by the transferor Member and the transferee Member(s).
(f) No notice or request initiating the procedures contemplated by Section 9.3 may be given by any Member after a Dissolution Event has occurred. No Member may sell all or any portion of its Units after a Dissolution Event has occurred.
(g) No Person shall Transfer any Unit if, in the determination of the Directors, such Transfer would cause the Company to be treated as a “publicly traded partnership” within the meaning of Section 7704(b) of the CODE.
The Directors shall have the authority to waive any legal opinion or other condition required in this Section 9.3 other than the Member approval requirement set forth in Section 9.3(e).
9.4 Prohibited Transfers. Any purported Transfer of Units that is not permitted under this Section shall be null and void and of no force or effect whatsoever; provided that, if the Company is required to recognize such a Transfer (or if the Directors, in their sole discretion, elect to recognize such a Transfer), the Units Transferred shall be strictly limited to the transferor’s Membership Economic Interests as provided by this Agreement with respect to the transferred Units, which Membership Economic Interests may be applied (without limiting any other legal or equitable rights of the Company) to satisfy any debts, obligations, or liabilities for damages that the transferor or transferee of such Interest may have to the Company. In the case of a Transfer or attempted Transfer of Units that is not permitted under this Section, the parties engaging or attempting to engage in such Transfer shall be liable to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and the other Members from all cost, liability, and damage that any of such indemnified Members may incur (including, without limitation, incremental tax liabilities, lawyers’ fees and expenses) as a result of such Transfer or attempted Transfer and efforts to enforce the indemnity granted hereby.
9.5 No Dissolution or Termination. The transfer of a Membership Interest pursuant to the terms of this Article shall not dissolve or terminate the Company. No Member shall have the right to have the Company dissolved or to have such Member’s Capital Contribution returned except as provided in this Agreement.
9.6 Prohibition of Assignment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Article, Transfer of a Membership Interest may not be made if the Membership Interest sought to be sold, exchanged or transferred, when added to the total of all other Membership Interests sold, exchanged or transferred within the period of twelve (12) consecutive months prior thereto, would result in the termination of the Company under Section 708 of the Internal Revenue CODE. In the event of a transfer of any Membership Interests, the Members will determine, in their sole discretion, whether or not the Company will elect pursuant to Section 754 of the Internal Revenue CODE (or corresponding provisions of future law) to adjust the basis of the assets of the Company.
9.7 Rights of Unadmitted Assignees. A Person who acquires Units but who is not admitted as a substituted Member pursuant to Section 9.8 hereof shall be entitled only to the Membership Economic Interests with respect to such Units in accordance with this Agreement, and shall not be entitled to the Membership Voting Interest with respect to such Units. In addition, such Person shall have no right to any information or accounting of the affairs of the Company, shall not be entitled to inspect the books or records of the Company, and shall not have any of the rights of a Member under the Act or this Agreement.
9.8 Admission of Substituted Members. As to Permitted Transfers, a transferee of Units shall be admitted as a substitute Member provided that such transferee has complied with the following provisions: (a) The transferee of Units shall, by written instrument in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Directors; (i) accept and adopt the terms and provisions of this Agreement, including this Section 9, and (ii) assume the obligations of the transferor Member under this Agreement with respect to the transferred Units. The transferor Member shall be released from all such assumed obligations except (x) those obligations or liabilities of the transferor Member arising out of a breach of this Agreement, (y) in the case of a Transfer to any Person other than a Member or any of its Affiliates, those obligations or liabilities of the transferor Member based on events occurring, arising or maturing prior to the date of Transfer, and (z) in the case of a Transfer to any of its Affiliates, any Capital Contribution or other financing obligation of the transferor Member under this Agreement; (b) The transferee pays or reimburses the Company for all reasonable legal, filing, and publication costs that the Company incurs in connection with the admission of the transferee as a Member with respect to the Transferred Units; and (c) Except in the case of a Transfer involuntarily by operation of law, if required by the Directors, the transferee (other than a transferee that was a Member prior to the Transfer) shall deliver to the Company evidence of the authority of such Person to become a Member and to be bound by all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, and the transferee and transferor shall each execute and deliver such other instruments as the Directors reasonably deem necessary or appropriate to effect, and as a condition to, such Transfer.
9.9 Representations Regarding Transfers.
(a) Each Member hereby covenants and agrees with the Company for the benefit of the Company and all Members, that (i) it is not currently making a market in Units and will not in the future make a market in Units, (ii) it will not Transfer its Units on an established securities market, a secondary market (or the substantial equivalent thereof) within the meaning of CODE Section 7704(b) (and any Regulations, proposed Regulations, revenue rulings, or other official pronouncements of the Internal Revenue Service or Treasury Department that may be promulgated or published thereunder), and (iii) in the event such Regulations, revenue rulings, or other pronouncements treat any or all arrangements which facilitate the selling of Company interests and which are commonly referred to as “matching services” as being a secondary market or substantial equivalent thereof, it will not Transfer any Units through a matching service that is not approved in advance by the Company. Each Member further agrees that it will not Transfer any Units to any Person unless such Person agrees to be bound by this Section 9 and to Transfer such Units only to Persons who agree to be similarly bound.
(b) Each Member hereby represents and warrants to the Company and the Members that such Member’s acquisition of Units hereunder is made as principal for such Member’s own account and not for resale or distribution of such Units. Each Member further hereby agrees that the following legend, as the same may be amended by the Directors in their sole discretion, may be placed upon any counterpart of this Agreement, the Certificate, or any other document or instrument evidencing ownership of Units:
THE TRANSFERABILITY OF THE COMPANY UNITS REPRESENTED BY THIS DOCUMENT IS RESTRICTED. SUCH UNITS MAY NOT BE SOLD, ASSIGNED, OR TRANSFERRED, NOR WILL ANY ASSIGNEE, VENDEE, TRANSFEREE, OR ENDORSEE THEREOF BE RECOGNIZED AS HAVING ACQUIRED ANY SUCH UNITS FOR ANY PURPOSES, UNLESS AND TO THE EXTENT SUCH SALE, TRANSFER, HYPOTHECATION, OR ASSIGNMENT IS PERMITTED BY, AND IS COMPLETED IN STRICT ACCORDANCE WITH, THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SET FORTH IN THE OPERATING AGREEMENT AND AGREED TO BY EACH MEMBER.
THE UNITS REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE MAY NOT BE SOLD, OFFERED FOR SALE, OR TRANSFERRED IN ABSENCE OF AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND UNDER APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS.
9.10 Distribution and Allocations in Respect of Transferred Units. If any Units are Transferred during any Fiscal Year in compliance with the provisions of this Section 9, Profits, Losses, each item thereof, and all other items attributable to the Transferred Units for such Fiscal Year shall be divided and allocated between the transferor and the transferee by taking into account their varying interests during the Fiscal Year in accordance with CODE Section 706(d), using any conventions permitted by law and selected by the Directors. All distributions on or before the date of such Transfer shall be made to the transferor, and all distributions thereafter shall be made to the transferee. Solely for purposes of making such allocations and distributions, the Company shall recognize such Transfer to be effective as of the first day of the month following the month in which all documents to effectuate the transfer have been executed and delivered to the Company, provided that, if the Company does not receive a notice stating the date such Units were transferred and such other information as the Directors may reasonably require within thirty (30) days after the end of the Fiscal Year during which the Transfer occurs, then all such items shall be allocated, and all distributions shall be made, to the Person who, according to the books and records of the Company, was the owner of the Units on the last day of such Fiscal Year. Neither the Company nor any Member shall incur any liability for making allocations and distributions in accordance with the provisions of this Section 9.10, whether or not the Directors or the Company has knowledge of any Transfer of ownership of any Units.
9.11 Additional Members. Additional Members may be admitted from time to time upon the approval of the Directors. Any such additional Member shall pay such purchase price for his/her/its Membership Interest and shall be admitted in accordance with such terms and conditions, as the Directors shall approve. All Members acknowledge that the admission of additional Members may result in dilution of a Member’s Membership Interest. Prior to the admission of any Person as a Member, such Person shall agree to be bound by the provisions of this Agreement and shall sign and deliver an Addendum to this Agreement in the form of Exhibit “C,” attached hereto. Upon execution of such Addendum, such additional Members shall be deemed to be parties to this Agreement as if they had executed this Agreement on the original date hereof, and, along with the parties to this Agreement, shall be bound by all the provisions hereof from and after the date of execution hereof. The Members hereby designate and appoint the Directors to accept such additional Members and to sign on their behalf any Addendum in the form of Exhibit “C,” attached hereto.
SECTION 10. DISSOLUTION AND WINDING UP
10.1 Dissolution. The Company shall dissolve and shall commence winding up and liquidating upon the first to occur of any of the following (each a “Dissolution Event”): (i) The affirmative vote of a 75% super majority in interest of the Membership Voting Interests to dissolve, wind up, and liquidate the Company; or (ii) The entry of a decree of judicial dissolution pursuant to the Act. The Members hereby agree that, notwithstanding any provision of the Act, the Company shall not dissolve prior to the occurrence of a Dissolution Event.
10.2 Winding Up. Upon the occurrence of a Dissolution Event, the Company shall continue solely for the purposes of winding up its affairs in an orderly manner, liquidating its assets, and satisfying the claims of its creditors and Members, and no Member shall take any action that is inconsistent with, or not necessary to or appropriate for, the winding up of the Company’s business and affairs, PROVIDED that all covenants contained in this Agreement and obligations provided for in this Agreement shall continue to be fully binding upon the Members until such time as the Property has been distributed pursuant to this Section 10.2 and the Certificate have been canceled pursuant to the Act. The Liquidator shall be responsible for overseeing the prompt and orderly winding up and dissolution of the Company. The Liquidator shall take full account of the Company’s liabilities and Property and shall cause the Property or the proceeds from the sale thereof (as determined pursuant to Section 10.8 hereof), to the extent sufficient therefor, to be applied and distributed, to the maximum extent permitted by law, in the following order: (a) First, to creditors (including Members and Directors who are creditors, to the extent otherwise permitted by law) in satisfaction of all of the Company’s Debts and other liabilities (whether by payment or the making of reasonable provision for payment thereof), other than liabilities for which reasonable provision for payment has been made; and (b) Second, except as provided in this Agreement, to Members in satisfaction of liabilities for distributions pursuant to the Act; (c) Third, the balance, if any, to the Unit Holders in accordance with the positive balance in their Capital Accounts calculated after making the required adjustment set forth in clause (t) of the definition of Gross Asset Value in Section 1.10 of this Agreement, after giving effect to all contributions, distributions and allocations for all periods.
10.3 Compliance with Certain Requirements of Regulations; Deficit Capital Accounts. In the event the Company is “liquidated” within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(g), distributions shall be made pursuant to this Section 10 to the Unit Holders who have positive Capital Accounts in compliance with Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(b)(2). If any Unit Holder has a deficit balance in his Capital Account (after giving effect to all contributions, distributions and allocations for all Fiscal Years, including the Fiscal Year during which such liquidation occurs), such Unit Holder shall have no obligation to make any contribution to the capital of the Company with respect to such deficit, and such deficit shall not be considered a debt owed to the Company or to any other Person for any purpose whatsoever. In the discretion of the Liquidator, a pro rata portion of the distributions that would otherwise be made to the Unit Holders pursuant to this Section 10 may be: (a) Distributed to a trust established for the benefit of the Unit Holders for the purposes of liquidating Company assets, collecting amounts owed to the Company, and paying any contingent or unforeseen liabilities or obligations of the Company. The assets of any such trust shall be distributed to the Unit Holders from time to time, in the reasonable discretion of the Liquidator, in the same proportions as the amount distributed to such trust by the Company would otherwise have been distributed to the Unit Holders pursuant to Section 10.2 hereof; or (b) Withheld to provide a reasonable reserve for Company liabilities (contingent or otherwise) and to reflect the unrealized portion of any installment obligations owed to the Company, provided that such withheld amounts shall be distributed to the Unit Holders as soon as practicable.
10.4 Deemed Distribution and Recontribution. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 10, in the event the Company is liquidated within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(g) but no Dissolution Event has occurred, the Property shall not be liquidated, the Company’s Debts and other liabilities shall not be paid or discharged, and the Company’s affairs shall not be wound up.
10.5 Rights of Unit Holders. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, each Unit Holder shall look solely to the Property of the Company for the return of its Capital Contribution and has no right or power to demand or receive Property other than cash from the Company. If the assets of the Company remaining after payment or discharge of the debts or liabilities of the Company are insufficient to return such Capital Contribution, the Unit Holders shall have no recourse against the Company or any other Unit Holder or Directors.
10.6 Allocations During Period of Liquidation. During the period commencing on the first day of the Fiscal Year during which a Dissolution Event occurs and ending on the date on which all of the assets of the Company have been distributed to the Unit Holders pursuant to Section 10.2 hereof (the “Liquidation Period”), the Unit Holders shall continue to share Profits, Losses, gain, loss and other items of Company income, gain, loss or deduction in the manner provided in Section 3 hereof.
10.7 Character of Liquidating Distributions. All payments made in liquidation of the interest of a Unit Holder in the Company shall be made in exchange for the interest of such Unit Holder in Property pursuant to Section 736(b)(1) of the CODE, including the interest of such Unit Holder in Company goodwill.
10.8 The Liquidator. The “Liquidator” shall mean a Person appointed by the Directors(s) to oversee the liquidation of the Company. Upon the consent of a majority in interest of the Members, the Liquidator may be the Directors. The Company is authorized to pay a reasonable fee to the Liquidator for its services performed pursuant to this Section 10 and to reimburse the Liquidator for its reasonable costs and expenses incurred in performing those services. The Company shall indemnify, save harmless, and pay all judgments and claims against such Liquidator or any officers, Directors, agents or employees of the Liquidator relating to any liability or damage incurred by reason of any act performed or omitted to be performed by the Liquidator, or any officers, Directors, agents or employees of the Liquidator in connection with the liquidation of the Company, including reasonable attorneys’ fees incurred by the Liquidator, officer, Director, agent or employee in connection with the defense of any action based on any such act or omission, which attorneys’ fees may be paid as incurred, except to the extent such liability or damage is caused by the fraud, intentional misconduct of, or a knowing violation of the laws by the Liquidator which was material to the cause of action.
10.9 Forms of Liquidating Distributions. For purposes of making distributions required by Section 10.2 hereof, the Liquidator may determine whether to distribute all or any portion of the Property in-kind or to sell all or any portion of the Property and distribute the proceeds therefrom.
SECTION 11. MISCELLANEOUS
11.1 Notices. Any notice, payment, demand, or communication required or permitted to be given by any provision of this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been delivered, given, and received for all purposes (i) if delivered personally to the Person or to an officer of the Person to whom the same is directed, or (ii) when the same is actually received, if sent by regular or certified mail, postage and charges prepaid, or (iii) if sent by facsimile, email, or other electronic transmission, when such transmission is electronically confirmed as having been successfully transmitted. If sent by registered or certified mail, then the notice, payment, demand or communication must be addressed as follows: (a) If to the Company, to the address determined pursuant to Section 1.4 hereof; (b) If to the Directors, to the address set forth on record with the Company; (c) If to a Member, either to the address set forth in Section 2.1 hereof or to such other address that has been provided in writing to the Company.
11.2 Binding Effect. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, every covenant, term, and provision of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Members and their respective successors, transferees, and assigns.
11.3 Construction. Every covenant, term, and provision of this Agreement shall be construed simply according to its fair meaning and not strictly for or against any Member.
11.4 Headings. Section and other headings contained in this Agreement are for reference purposes only and are not intended to describe, interpret, define, or limit the scope, extent, or intent of this Agreement or any provision hereof.
11.5 Severability. Except as otherwise provided in the succeeding sentence, every provision of this Agreement is intended to be severable, and, if any term or provision of this Agreement is illegal or invalid for any reason whatsoever, such illegality or invalidity shall not affect the validity or legality of the remainder of this Agreement. The preceding sentence of this Section 11.5 shall be of no force or effect if the consequence of enforcing the remainder of this Agreement without such illegal or invalid term or provision would be to cause any Member to lose the material benefit of its economic bargain.
11.6 Incorporation By Reference. Every exhibit, schedule, and other appendix attached to this Agreement and referred to herein is incorporated in this Agreement by reference unless this Agreement expressly otherwise provides.
11.7 Variation of Terms. All terms and any variations thereof shall be deemed to refer to masculine, feminine, or neuter, singular or plural, as the identity of the Person or Persons may require.
11.8 Governing Law. The laws of the State of Delaware shall govern the validity of this Agreement, the construction of its terms, and the interpretation of the rights and duties arising hereunder.
11.9 Waiver of Jury Trial. Each of the Members irrevocably waives to the extent permitted by law, all rights to trial by jury in any action, proceeding or counterclaim arising out of or relating to this Agreement.
11.10 Counterpart Execution. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts with the same effect as if all of the Members had signed the same document. All counterparts shall be construed together and shall constitute one agreement.
11.11 Specific Performance. Each Member agrees with the other Members that the other Members would be irreparably damaged if any of the provisions of this Agreement are not performed in accordance with their specific terms and that monetary damages would not provide an adequate remedy in such event. Accordingly, it is agreed that, in addition to any other remedy to which the nonbreaching Members may be entitled, at law or in equity, the nonbreaching Members shall be entitled to injunctive relief to prevent breaches of the provisions of this Agreement and specifically to enforce the terms and provisions hereof in any action instituted in any court of the United States or any state thereof having subject matter jurisdiction thereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and entered into this Operating Agreement of the Company as of the date first set forth above.
COMPANY: EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC | | | |
| | | |
By: /s/ Randy Hudson | | | |
| | | |
EXHIBIT “A”
Name and Address of Initial Members | | Units |
EXHIBIT “B”
Initial Board of Directors
Appointed By | | Initial Board of Directors | | Addresses of Initial Board of Directors |
Atlantic Ethanol ,LLC | | Lamar Deloach | | |
| | Chip Smith | | |
| | Bobby Russian | | |
| | Franklyn Burch | | |
| | | | |
Mid-Atlantic Ethanol, LLC | | Keith Parrish | | |
| | Oscar Harris | | |
| | Mark McLamb | | |
| | Larry Sampson | | |
| | | | |
Florida Ethanol, LLC | | Lee Hatch | | |
| | Kenneth Dasher | | |
| | Jerry Barnes | | |
| | Ted Henderson | | |
| | | | |
Palmetto Ethanol, LLC | | John Long | | |
| | Pinckney Thompson | | |
| | Gil Rogers | | |
| | Johnny Shelley | | |
| | | | |
Independent Director | | Dr. Randy Hudson | | |
EXHIBIT “C”
MEMBER SIGNATURE PAGE
ADDENDA
TO THE
OPERATING AGREEMENT OF
EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC
The undersigned does hereby represent and warrant that the undersigned, as a condition to becoming a Member in East Coast Ethanol, LLC, has received a copy of the Operating Agreement, dated July 27, 2007, and, if applicable, all amendments and modifications thereto, and does hereby agree that the undersigned, along with the other parties to the Operating Agreement, shall be subject to and comply with all terms and conditions of said Operating Agreement in all respects as if the undersigned had executed said Operating Agreement on the original date thereof and that the undersigned is and shall be bound by all of the provisions of said Operating Agreement from and after the date of execution hereof.
Individuals: | Entities: |
Name of Individual Member (Please Print) |
Name of Entity (Please Print) |
| |
Signature of Individual |
Print Name and Title of Officer |
| |
Name of Joint Individual Member (Please Print) |
Signature of Officer |
| |
Signature of Joint Individual Member | |
Agreed and accepted on behalf of the
Company and its Members:
EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC
By:
Its:
Appendix C
EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC
FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT
(for North Carolina, Maryland and Virginia investors only)
Limited Liability Company Membership Units
$15,000 per Unit
Minimum Investment of 1 Unit ($15,000)
1/3 Unit Increments Thereafter ($5,000)
The undersigned subscriber ("Subscriber"), desiring to become a member of East Coast Ethanol, LLC (“East Coast”), a Delaware limited liability company, with its principal place of business at 1907 Thurmond Mall Post Office Box 2226, Columbia, South Carolina 29202 hereby subscribes for the purchase of membership units of East Coast, and agrees to pay the related purchase price, identified below.
A. SUBSCRIBER INFORMATION. Please print your individual or entity name and address. IF WE ACCEPT YOUR SUBSCRIPTION, THE UNITS WILL BE TITLED IN THE NAME OF THE SUBSCRIBER AS IT APPEARS BELOW. Joint subscribers should provide both names. Your name and address will be recorded exactly as printed below. Please provide your home, business and/or mobile telephone number. If desired, please also provide your e-mail address.
1. | Subscriber's Printed Name | _____________________________________________________ |
2. | Date of Birth (Natural Persons only) | _____________________________________________________ |
2. | Title, if applicable | _____________________________________________________ |
3. | Subscriber's Address | |
| Street | _____________________________________________________ |
| City, State, Zip Code | _____________________________________________________ |
| Province and Country | _____________________________________________________ |
4. | E-mail Address (optional) | _____________________________________________________ |
5. | Home Telephone Number | _____________________________________________________ |
6. | Business Telephone Number | _____________________________________________________ |
7. | Mobile Telephone Number | _____________________________________________________ |
B. NUMBER OF UNITS PURCHASED. You must purchase at least 1 unit. The minimum number of units to be sold in the offering is 16,910 units and the maximum number of units to be sold is 39,455.
C. PURCHASE PRICE. Indicate the dollar amount of your investment (minimum investment is $15,000).
1. Total Purchase Price ($15,000 per unit multiplied by number of units) | = | (10% of Total Purchase Price) | + | 3. 2nd Installment (90% of Total Purchase Price) |
| | | | |
| = | | + | |
D. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR SUBSCRIBERS:
You should read the Prospectus dated September 26, 2008 (the "Prospectus") in its entirety including the exhibits for a complete explanation of an investment in East Coast. Thomas Group Capital, as registered broker-dealer for East Coast, will not complete a sale of securities until at least 5 business days from the date you have received East Coast’s final prospectus. For purposes of this delivery requirement, filing of the final prospectus with the SEC on EDGAR pursuant to Rule 424 shall constitute access equaling delivery in accordance with Rule 172.
INSTRUCTIONS IF YOU ARE SUBSCRIBING PRIOR TO THE COMPANY’S RELEASE OF FUNDS FROM ESCROW:If you are unsure as to whether the Company has release funds from escrow, please contact Thomas Group Capital at (404) 504-6050, the Company at (877) 323-3835 or visit the Company's website at www.eastcoastethanol.us. If you are subscribing prior to the Company’s release of funds from escrow, you must follow the instructions contained in paragraphs 1 through 5 below:
1. Complete all information required in this Subscription Agreement, and date and sign the Subscription Agreement on pages 6-7 and the Member Signature Page to our Operating Agreement attached to this Subscription Agreement as Exhibit A.
2. Immediately provide a personal (or business) check for the first installment of 10% of your investment amount. The check should be made payable to “BB&T Corp., escrow agent for East Coast Ethanol, LLC.” You will determine this amount in box C.2 on page 1 of this Subscription Agreement.
3. Execute the Promissory Note on page 8 of this Subscription Agreement evidencing your commitment to pay the remaining 90% due for the units. The Promissory Note is attached to this Subscription Agreement and grants East Coast Ethanol, LLC legal recourse to recover the 90% balance from you in the event you fail to pay the balance when due.
4. For U.S. persons, please complete Form W-9, Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification or for non-U.S. persons, please complete Form W-8BEN, Certificate of Foreign Status of Beneficial Owner for United States Tax Withholding.
5. Deliver the original executed documents referenced in paragraphs 1, 3 and 4 of these instructions, together with a personal or business check as described in Paragraph 2 of these instructions to:
Thomas Group Capital |
registered broker-dealer for East Coast Ethanol, LLC |
3414 Peachtree Road, NE, Suite 656 |
Atlanta, GA 30326 |
(678) 539-1701 (fax) |
|
If you intend to wire transfer funds rather than provide a check for your subscription amount, please contact East Coast directly for wire transfer instructions.
6. Within 20 days of written notice from East Coast that your subscription has been accepted, you must remit an additional personal (or business) check for the second installment of 90% of your investment amount made payable to “BB&T Corp., escrow agent for East Coast Ethanol, LLC” in satisfaction of the Promissory Note. You will determine this amount in box C.3 on page 1 of this Subscription Agreement. You must deliver this check to the same address set forth above in paragraph 4 within 20 days of the date of East Coast's written notice. If you fail to pay the second installment pursuant to the Promissory Note, East Coast shall be entitled to retain your first installment and to seek other damages, as provided in the Promissory Note. This means that if you are unable to pay the 90% balance of your investment amount within 20 days of our notice, you may have to forfeit the 10% cash deposit.
Your funds will be placed in East Coast’s escrow account at BB&T Corp. If East Coast rejects your subscription, your Subscription Agreement and investment will be promptly returned to you, plus any nominal interest. We do not expect to release funds from the escrow account until the following conditions are satisfied: (1) cash proceeds from unit sales deposited in the escrow account equals or exceeds the minimum offering amount of $253,650,000, exclusive of interest; (2) we obtain a written debt financing commitment for debt financing ranging from approximately $269,875,000 to $608,050,000, less any grants and/or tax increment financing we are awarded; (3) we elect, in writing, to terminate the escrow agreement; 4) an affidavit prepared by our escrow agent has been sent to the states in which we have registered units stating that the conditions set out in (1), (2) and (3) have been met; and (5) in each state in which consent is required, the state securities commissioner has consented to release of the funds on deposit. Upon satisfaction of these conditions, we expect that the escrow agreement will terminate, and the escrow agent will disburse the funds on deposit, including interest, to us to be used in accordance with the provisions set out in this prospectus. If we have not satisfied these conditions for releasing funds from escrow by September 26, 2009, we will return all equity proceeds to investors and terminate the escrow agreement. In that event, investors will receive the entire amount of their paid-in investment being held in escrow plus any allocable interest earned during the escrow period.
INSTRUCTIONS IF YOU ARE SUBSCRIBING AFTER THE COMPANY’S RELEASE OF FUNDS FROM ESCROW: If you are subscribing after the Company’s release of funds from escrow, you must follow the instructions contained in paragraphs 1 through 3 below:
1. Complete all information required in this Subscription Agreement, and date and sign the Subscription Agreement on pages 6-7 and the Member Signature Page to our Operating Agreement attached to this Subscription Agreement as Exhibit A.
2. Immediately provide your personal (or business) check for the entire amount of your investment (as determined in box C.1 on page 1) made payable to “East Coast Ethanol, LLC.”
3. For U.S. persons, please complete Form W-9, Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification or for non-U.S. persons, please complete W-8BEN, Certificate of Foreign Status of Beneficial Owner for United States Tax Withholding.
4. Deliver the original executed documents referenced in paragraphs 1 and 3 of these instructions, together with your personal or business check as described in paragraph 2 to:
Thomas Group Capital |
registered broker-dealer for East Coast Ethanol, LLC |
3414 Peachtree Road, NE, Suite 656 |
Atlanta, GA 30326 |
(678) 539-1701 (fax) |
|
If you intend to wire transfer funds rather than provide a check for your subscription amount, please contact East Coast directly for wire transfer instructions.
If you are subscribing after we have released funds from escrow and we accept your investment, your funds will be immediately at-risk as described in the Prospectus. East Coast may, in its sole discretion, reject or accept any part or all of your subscription. If East Coast rejects your subscription, your Subscription Agreement and investment will be returned to you promptly, plus any nominal interest. East Coast may not consider the acceptance or rejection of your subscription until a future date near the end of this offering. If East Coast accepts your subscription, Thomas Group Capital, will provide you with a confirmation of your purchase.
You may direct your questions to our registered broker-dealer, Thomas Group Capital at (404) 504-6050.
E. Additional Subscriber Information. Subscriber, named above, certifies the following under penalties of perjury:
| 1. | Form of Ownership. Check the appropriate box (one only) to indicate form of ownership. If the subscriber is a Custodian, Corporation, Partnership or Trust, please provide the additional information requested. |
| | Joint Tenants with Right of Survivorship (Both signatures must appear on page 7.) |
| | Corporation, Limited Liability Company or Partnership (Corporate Resolutions, Operating Agreement or Partnership Agreement must be enclosed.) |
Trustee’s Name: ________________________________________
Trust Date: ____________________________________________
| ¨ | Other: Provide detailed information in the space immediately below. |
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
| 2. | Subscriber's Taxpayer Information. Check the appropriate box if you are a non-resident alien, a U.S. Citizen residing outside the United States, and/or subject to backup withholding. All individual subscribers should provide their Social Security Numbers. Trusts should provide the trust's taxpayer identification number. Custodians should provide the minor's Social Security Number. Other entities should provide the entity's taxpayer identification number. |
| | Check box if you are a non-resident alien |
| | Check box if you are a U.S. citizen residing outside of the United States |
| | Check this box if you are subject to backup withholding |
Subscriber's Social Security No. ________________________________
Joint Subscriber's Social Security No. ________________________________
Taxpayer Identification No. ________________________________
| 3. | Member Report Address. If you would like duplicate copies of member reports sent to an address that is different than the address identified in section A, please complete this section. |
Address: _________________________________________________
___________________________________________
State of Principal Residence: _______________________________
State where driver's license is issued: _______________________________
State where resident income taxes are filed: ______________________________
State(s) in which you have maintained your principal residence during the past three years:
| 5. | Suitability Standards. Investors (except North Carolina residents) cannot invest in East Coast unless they meet one of the following suitability tests (a or b) set forth below. Residents of North Carolina cannot invest in East Coast unless they meet one of the following suitability tests (c or d) set forth below. Please review the suitability tests and check the box next to the following suitability test that you meet. For husbands and wives purchasing jointly, the tests below will be applied on a joint basis. |
| | For investors except residents of North Carolina: |
| a. ¨ | I (We) have annual income from whatever source of at least $45,000 and a net worth of at least $45,000, exclusive of home, furnishings and automobiles; or |
| b. ¨ | I (We) have a net worth of $150,000, exclusive of home, home furnishings, and automobiles. |
For North Carolina residents only:
| c. ¨ | I (We) have net worth of at least $70,000 exclusive of home, home furnishings, and automobiles, and minimum annual gross income of $70,000; or |
| d. ¨ | I (We) have a net worth of $250,000, exclusive of home, home furnishings, and automobiles. |
| 6. | Subscriber's Representations and Warranties. You must certify your representations and warranties by placing your initials where indicated and by signing and dating this Subscription Agreement. Joint subscribers are also required to initial and sign as indicated. |
(Initial here) (Joint initials) By signing below the subscriber represents and warrants to East Coast that he, she or it:
| | | | |
____ | | ____ | | a. has received a copy of East Coast's Prospectus dated September 26, 2008 and the exhibits thereto or has received notice that this sale has been made pursuant to a registration statement in which a final prospectus would have been required to have been delivered in the absence of Rule 172; |
____ | | ____ | | b. has been informed that the units of East Coast are offered and sold in reliance upon a federal securities registration; state registrations in Florida, Maryland, New York, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia and Georgia; and exemptions from securities registrations in various other states and jurisdictions, and understands that the units to be issued pursuant to this subscription agreement can only be sold to a person meeting requirements of suitability; |
____ | | ____ | | c. has been informed that the securities purchased pursuant to this Subscription Agreement have not been registered under the securities laws of any state other than Florida, Maryland, New York, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia and Georgia and that East Coast is relying in part upon the representations of the undersigned Subscriber contained herein; |
____ | | ____ | | d. has been informed that the securities subscribed for have not been approved or disapproved by the SEC, or the Florida, Maryland, New York, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia and Georgia Securities Departments or any other regulatory authority, nor has any regulatory authority passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the Prospectus; |
____ | | ____ | | e. intends to acquire the units for his/her/its own account without a view to public distribution or resale and that he/she/it has no contract, undertaking, agreement or arrangement to sell or otherwise transfer or dispose of any units or any portion thereof to any other person; |
____ | | ____ | | f. understands that there is no present market for East Coast's membership units, that the membership units will not trade on an exchange or automatic quotation system, that no such market is expected to develop in the future and that there are significant restrictions on the transferability of the membership units; |
____ | | ____ | | g. has been encouraged to seek the advice of his legal counsel and accountants or other financial advisers with respect to investor-specific tax and/or other considerations relating to the purchase and ownership of units; |
____ | | ____ | | h. has received a copy of the East Coast Operating Agreement, dated July 27, 2007, and understands that upon closing the escrow by East Coast, the subscriber and the membership units will be bound by the provisions of the Operating Agreement which contains, among other things, provisions that restrict the transfer of membership units; |
____ | | ____ | | i. understands that the units are subject to substantial restrictions on transfer under certain tax and securities laws along with restrictions in the East Coast Operating Agreement, and agrees that if the membership units or any part thereof are sold or distributed in the future, the subscriber shall sell or distribute them pursuant to the terms of the Operating Agreement, and the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and applicable tax and securities laws; |
____ | | ____ | | j. meets the suitability test marked in Item E.5 above and is capable of bearing the economic risk of this investment, including the possible total loss of the investment; |
____ | | ____ | | k. understands that East Coast will place a restrictive legend on any certificate representing any unit containing substantially the following language as the same may be amended by the Directors of East Coast in their sole discretion: |
THE TRANSFERABILITY OF THE MEMBERSHIP UNITS REPRESENTED BY THIS DOCUMENT IS RESTRICTED. SUCH UNITS MAY NOT BE SOLD, ASSIGNED, OR TRANSFERRED, NOR WILL ANY ASSIGNEE, VENDEE, TRANSFEREE OR ENDORSEE THEREOF BE RECOGNIZED AS HAVING ACQUIRED ANY SUCH UNITS FOR ANY PURPOSES, UNLESS AND TO THE EXTENT SUCH SALE, TRANSFER, HYPOTHECATION, OR ASSIGNMENT IS PERMITTED BY, AND IS COMPLETED IN STRICT ACCORDANCE WITH, THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SET FORTH IN THE OPERATING AGREEMENT OF THE COMPANY, AS AMENDED FROM TIME TO TIME.
THE UNITS REPRESENTED BY THIS DOCUMENT MAY NOT BE SOLD, OFFERED FOR SALE, OR TRANSFERRED IN ABSENCE OF AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND UNDER APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS, OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY THAT SUCH TRANSACTION IS EXEMPT FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND UNDER APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS.
____ | | ____ | | l. understands that, to enforce the above legend, East Coast may place a stop transfer order with its registrar and stock transfer agent (if any) covering all certificates representing any of the membership units; |
____ | | ____ | | m. may not transfer or assign this Subscription Agreement, or any of the subscriber's interest herein without the prior written consent of East Coast; |
____ | | ____ | | n. has written his, her, or its correct taxpayer identification number under Item E.2 on this Subscription Agreement; |
____ | | ____ | | o. is not subject to back up withholding either because he, she or it has not been notified by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") that he, she or it is subject to backup withholding as a result of a failure to report all interest or dividends, or the IRS has notified him, her or it that he is no longer subject to backup withholding (Note this clause (o) should be crossed out if the backup withholding box in Item E.2 is checked); and |
____ | | ____ | | p. understands that execution of the attached Promissory Note will allow East Coast or its assigns to pursue the obligor for payment of the amount due thereon by any legal means, including, but not limited to, acquisition of a judgment against the obligor in the event that the subscriber defaults on that Promissory Note. |
| | |
| | |
Date: ________________________________________ | | |
| | |
Individuals: | | Entities: |
| | |
_______________________________ | | __________________________________ |
Name of Individual Subscriber (Please Print) | | Name of Entity (Please Print) |
| | |
_______________________________ | | __________________________________ |
Signature of Individual | | Print Name and Title of Officer |
| | |
_______________________________ | | __________________________________ |
Name of Joint Individual Subscriber (Please Print) | | Signature of Officer |
| | |
_______________________________ | | |
Signature of Joint Individual Subscriber | | |
ACCEPTANCE OF SUBSCRIPTION BY EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC:
East Coast Ethanol, LLC hereby accepts Subscriber's subscription for _____ units.
Dated this ___ day of _________________________ , 200 __.
EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC |
|
By: ___________________________________________ |
|
Its: ___________________________________________ |
Date of Subscription Agreement: ___________________________________, 200_.
$15,000 per Unit
Minimum Investment of 1 Unit ($15,000); Units Sold in 1/3 Unit Increments Thereafter ($5,000 each)
| | | | Number of Units Subscribed |
| | | | |
| | | | Total Purchase Price ($15,000 per unit multiplied by number of units subscribed) |
| | | | |
( | | ) | | Less Initial Payment (10% of Principal Amount) |
| | | | |
| | | | Principal Balance |
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned hereby promises to pay to the order of East Coast Ethanol, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("East Coast"), at its principal office located at 1907 Thurmond Mall Post Office Box 2226, Columbia, South Carolina 29202, or at such other place as required by East Coast, the Principal Balance set forth above in one lump sum to be paid without interest within 20 days following the call of the East Coast Board of Directors, as described in the Subscription Agreement. In the event the undersigned fails to timely make any payment owed, the entire balance of any amounts due under this full recourse Promissory Note shall be immediately due and payable in full with interest at the rate of 12% per annum from the due date and any amounts previously paid in relation to the obligation evidenced by this Promissory Note may be forfeited at the discretion of East Coast.
The undersigned agrees to pay to East Coast on demand, all costs and expenses incurred to collect any indebtedness evidenced by this Promissory Note, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees. This Promissory Note may not be modified orally and shall in all respects be governed by, construed, and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of South Carolina.
The provisions of this Promissory Note shall inure to the benefit of East Coast and its successors and assigns, which expressly reserves the right to pursue the undersigned for payment of the amount due thereon by any legal means in the event that the undersigned defaults on obligations provided in this Promissory Note.
The undersigned waives presentment, demand for payment, notice of dishonor, notice of protest, and all other notices or demands in connection with the delivery, acceptance, performance or default of this Promissory Note.
Dated: , 200_.
OBLIGOR/DEBTOR: | | JOINT OBLIGOR/DEBTOR: |
| | |
_______________________________________ | | ____________________________________________ |
Printed or Typed Name of Obligor | | Printed or Typed Name of Joint Obligor |
| | |
By: __________________________________________ | | By:________________________________________________ |
(Signature) | | (Signature) |
| | |
_______________________________________ | | |
Officer Title if Obligor is an Entity | | |
_______________________________________ | | |
_______________________________________ | | |
Address of Obligor | | |
Exhibit A
MEMBERS SIGNATURE PAGE
ADDENDA
TO THE
OPERATING AGREEMENT OF
EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC
The undersigned does hereby represent and warrant that the undersigned, as a condition to becoming a Member of East Coast Ethanol, LLC, has received a copy of the Operating Agreement of East Coast Ethanol, LLC (“Operating Agreement”), dated July 27, 2007, and, if applicable, all amendments and modifications thereto, and does hereby agree that the undersigned, along with the other parties to the Operating Agreement, shall be subject to and comply with all terms and conditions of said Operating Agreement in all respects as if the undersigned had executed said Operating Agreement on the original date thereof and that the undersigned is and shall be bound by all of the provisions of said Operating Agreement from and after the date of execution hereof.
| | Entities |
| | |
_______________________________________ | | _____________________________________________ |
Name of Individual Member (Please Print) | | Name of Entity (Please Print) |
| | |
_______________________________________ | | ____________________________________________ |
Signature of Individual | | Print Name and Title of Officer |
| | |
_______________________________________ | | ____________________________________________ |
Name of Joint Individual Member (Please Print) | | Signature of Officer |
| | |
_______________________________________ | | |
Signature of Joint Individual Member | | |
| | |
| | |
Agreed and accepted on behalf of the | | |
Company and its Members: | | |
| | |
EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC | | |
| | |
BY:______________________________________________ | | |
| | |
ITS:______________________________________________ | | |
EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC
FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT
Limited Liability Company Membership Units
$15,000 per Unit
Minimum Investment of 1 Unit ($15,000)
1/3 Unit Increments Thereafter ($5,000)
The undersigned subscriber ("Subscriber"), desiring to become a member of East Coast Ethanol, LLC (“East Coast”), a Delaware limited liability company, with its principal place of business at 1907 Thurmond Mall Post Office Box 2226, Columbia, South Carolina 29202 hereby subscribes for the purchase of membership units of East Coast, and agrees to pay the related purchase price, identified below.
A. SUBSCRIBER INFORMATION. Please print your individual or entity name and address. IF WE ACCEPT YOUR SUBSCRIPTION, THE UNITS WILL BE TITLED IN THE NAME OF THE SUBSCRIBER AS IT APPEARS BELOW. Joint subscribers should provide both names. Your name and address will be recorded exactly as printed below. Please provide your home, business and/or mobile telephone number. If desired, please also provide your e-mail address.
1. | Subscriber's Printed Name | _____________________________________________________ |
2. | Date of Birth (Natural Persons only) | _____________________________________________________ |
2. | Title, if applicable | _____________________________________________________ |
3. | Subscriber's Address | |
| Street | _____________________________________________________ |
| City, State, Zip Code | _____________________________________________________ |
| Province and Country | _____________________________________________________ |
4. | E-mail Address (optional) | _____________________________________________________ |
5. | Home Telephone Number | _____________________________________________________ |
6. | Business Telephone Number | _____________________________________________________ |
7. | Mobile Telephone Number | _____________________________________________________ |
B. NUMBER OF UNITS PURCHASED. You must purchase at least 1 unit. The minimum number of units to be sold in the offering is 16,910 units and the maximum number of units to be sold is 39,455.
C. PURCHASE PRICE. Indicate the dollar amount of your investment (minimum investment is $15,000).
1. Total Purchase Price ($15,000 per unit multiplied by number of units) | = | (10% of Total Purchase Price) | + | 3. 2nd Installment (90% of Total Purchase Price) |
| | | | |
| = | | + | |
D. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR SUBSCRIBERS:
You should read the Prospectus dated September 26, 2008 (the "Prospectus") in its entirety including the exhibits for a complete explanation of an investment in East Coast.
INSTRUCTIONS IF YOU ARE SUBSCRIBING PRIOR TO THE COMPANY’S RELEASE OF FUNDS FROM ESCROW: If you are unsure as to whether the Company has release funds from escrow, please contact the Company at (877) 323-3835 or visit the Company's website at www.eastcoastethanol.us. If you are subscribing prior to the Company’s release of funds from escrow, you must follow the instructions contained in paragraphs 1 through 5 below:
1. Complete all information required in this Subscription Agreement, and date and sign the Subscription Agreement on pages 6-7 and the Member Signature Page to our Operating Agreement attached to this Subscription Agreement as Exhibit A.
2. Immediately provide a personal (or business) check for the first installment of 10% of your investment amount. The check should be made payable to “BB&T Corp., escrow agent for East Coast Ethanol, LLC.” You will determine this amount in box C.2 on page 1 of this Subscription Agreement.
3. Execute the Promissory Note on page 8 of this Subscription Agreement evidencing your commitment to pay the remaining 90% due for the units. The Promissory Note is attached to this Subscription Agreement and grants East Coast Ethanol, LLC legal recourse to recover the 90% balance from you in the event you fail to pay the balance when due.
4. For U.S. persons, please complete Form W-9, Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification or for non-U.S. persons, please complete Form W-8BEN, Certificate of Foreign Status of Beneficial Owner for United States Tax Withholding.
5. Deliver the original executed documents referenced in paragraphs 1, 3 and 4 of these instructions, together with a personal or business check as described in Paragraph 2 of these instructions to:
East Coast Ethanol, LLC
1907 Thurmond Mall Post Office Box 2226
Columbia, South Carolina 29202
If you intend to wire transfer funds rather than provide a check for your subscription amount, please contact East Coast directly for wire transfer instructions.
6. Within 20 days of written notice from East Coast that your subscription has been accepted, you must remit an additional personal (or business) check for the second installment of 90% of your investment amount made payable to “BB&T Corp., escrow agent for East Coast Ethanol, LLC” in satisfaction of the Promissory Note. You will determine this amount in box C.3 on page 1 of this Subscription Agreement. You must deliver this check to the same address set forth above in paragraph 4 within 20 days of the date of East Coast's written notice. If you fail to pay the second installment pursuant to the Promissory Note, East Coast shall be entitled to retain your first installment and to seek other damages, as provided in the Promissory Note. This means that if you are unable to pay the 90% balance of your investment amount within 20 days of our notice, you may have to forfeit the 10% cash deposit.
Your funds will be placed in East Coast’s escrow account at BB&T Corp. If East Coast rejects your subscription, your Subscription Agreement and investment will be promptly returned to you, plus any nominal interest. We do not expect to release funds from the escrow account until the following conditions are satisfied: (1) cash proceeds from unit sales deposited in the escrow account equals or exceeds the minimum offering amount of $253,650,000, exclusive of interest; (2) we obtain a written debt financing commitment for debt financing ranging from approximately $269,875,000 to $608,050,000, less any grants and/or tax increment financing we are awarded; (3) we elect, in writing, to terminate the escrow agreement; 4) an affidavit prepared by our escrow agent has been sent to the states in which we have registered units stating that the conditions set out in (1), (2) and (3) have been met; and (5) in each state in which consent is required, the state securities commissioner has consented to release of the funds on deposit. Upon satisfaction of these conditions, we expect that the escrow agreement will terminate, and the escrow agent will disburse the funds on deposit, including interest, to us to be used in accordance with the provisions set out in this prospectus. If we have not satisfied these conditions for releasing funds from escrow by September 26, 2009, we will return all equity proceeds to investors and terminate the escrow agreement. In that event, investors will receive the entire amount of their paid-in investment being held in escrow plus any allocable interest earned during the escrow period.
INSTRUCTIONS IF YOU ARE SUBSCRIBING AFTER THE COMPANY’S RELEASE OF FUNDS FROM ESCROW: If you are subscribing after the Company’s release of funds from escrow, you must follow the instructions contained in paragraphs 1 through 3 below:
1. Complete all information required in this Subscription Agreement, and date and sign the Subscription Agreement on pages 6-7 and the Member Signature Page to our Operating Agreement attached to this Subscription Agreement as Exhibit A.
2. Immediately provide your personal (or business) check for the entire amount of your investment (as determined in box C.1 on page 1) made payable to “East Coast Ethanol, LLC.”
3. For U.S. persons, please complete Form W-9, Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification or for non-U.S. persons, please complete Form W-8BEN, Certificate of Foreign Status of Beneficial Owner for United States Tax Withholding.
4. Deliver the original executed documents referenced in paragraphs 1 and 3 of these instructions, together with your personal or business check as described in paragraph 2 to:
East Coast Ethanol, LLC |
1907 Thurmond Mall Post Office Box 2226 |
Columbia, South Carolina 29202 |
If you intend to wire transfer funds rather than provide a check for your subscription amount, please contact East Coast directly for wire transfer instructions.
If you are subscribing after we have released funds from escrow and we accept your investment, your funds will be immediately at-risk as described in the Prospectus. East Coast may, in its sole discretion, reject or accept any part or all of your subscription. If East Coast rejects your subscription, your Subscription Agreement and investment will be returned to you promptly, plus any nominal interest. East Coast may not consider the acceptance or rejection of your subscription until a future date near the end of this offering.
You may direct your questions to either of our officers/directors listed below or to East Coast at (803) 748-8151.
NAME | | POSITION | | PHONE NUMBER |
Randall Dean Hudson | | President/CEO & Director | | 229-425-2044 |
D. Keith Parrish | | Vice President/Operations & Director | | 919-207-2676 |
John F. Long | | Treasurer/Chief Financial Officer & Director | | 803-924-4446 |
Leon Dupree Hatch Jr. | | Director | | 386-362-9785 |
Julius P. Thompson III | | Corporate Secretary/Director | | 803-682-4902 |
Brian Howell | | Director | | 912-682-9709 |
Roy Laurence Smith III | | Director | | 912-682-4940 |
Kenneth Dasher | | Director | | 386-364-8806 |
Carlie McLamb, Jr. | | Director | | 910-286-4398 |
E. Additional Subscriber Information. Subscriber, named above, certifies the following under penalties of perjury:
| 1. | Form of Ownership. Check the appropriate box (one only) to indicate form of ownership. If the subscriber is a Custodian, Corporation, Partnership or Trust, please provide the additional information requested. |
| | Joint Tenants with Right of Survivorship (Both signatures must appear on page 7.) |
| | Corporation, Limited Liability Company or Partnership (Corporate Resolutions, Operating Agreement or Partnership Agreement must be enclosed.) |
Trustee’s Name: ________________________________________
Trust Date: ____________________________________________
| ¨ | Other: Provide detailed information in the space immediately below. |
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
| 2. | Subscriber's Taxpayer Information. Check the appropriate box if you are a non-resident alien, a U.S. Citizen residing outside the United States, and/or subject to backup withholding. All individual subscribers should provide their Social Security Numbers. Trusts should provide the trust's taxpayer identification number. Custodians should provide the minor's Social Security Number. Other entities should provide the entity's taxpayer identification number. |
| | Check box if you are a non-resident alien |
| | Check box if you are a U.S. citizen residing outside of the United States |
| | Check this box if you are subject to backup withholding |
Subscriber's Social Security No. ________________________________
Joint Subscriber's Social Security No. ________________________________
Taxpayer Identification No. ________________________________
| 3. | Member Report Address. If you would like duplicate copies of member reports sent to an address that is different than the address identified in section A, please complete this section. |
Address: _________________________________________________
___________________________________________
State of Principal Residence: _______________________________
State where driver's license is issued: _______________________________
State where resident income taxes are filed: ______________________________
State(s) in which you have maintained your principal residence during the past three years:
| 5. | Suitability Standards. Investors (except North Carolina residents) cannot invest in East Coast unless they meet one of the following suitability tests (a or b) set forth below. Residents of North Carolina cannot invest in East Coast unless they meet one of the following suitability tests (c or d) set forth below. Please review the suitability tests and check the box next to the following suitability test that you meet. For husbands and wives purchasing jointly, the tests below will be applied on a joint basis. |
| | For investors except residents of North Carolina: |
| a. ¨ | I (We) have annual income from whatever source of at least $45,000 and a net worth of at least $45,000, exclusive of home, furnishings and automobiles; or |
| b. ¨ | I (We) have a net worth of $150,000, exclusive of home, home furnishings, and automobiles. |
For North Carolina residents only:
| c. ¨ | I (We) have net worth of at least $70,000 exclusive of home, home furnishings, and automobiles, and minimum annual gross income of $70,000; or |
| d. ¨ | I (We) have a net worth of $250,000, exclusive of home, home furnishings, and automobiles. |
| 6. | Subscriber's Representations and Warranties. You must certify your representations and warranties by placing your initials where indicated and by signing and dating this Subscription Agreement. Joint subscribers are also required to initial and sign as indicated. |
(Initial here) (Joint initials) By signing below the subscriber represents and warrants to East Coast that he, she or it:
| | | | |
____ | | ____ | | a. has received a copy of East Coast's Prospectus dated September 26, 2008 and the exhibits thereto or has received notice that this sale has been made pursuant to a registration statement in which a final prospectus would have been required to have been delivered in the absence of Rule 172; |
____ | | ____ | | b. has been informed that the units of East Coast are offered and sold in reliance upon a federal securities registration; state registrations in Florida, Maryland, New York, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia and Georgia; and exemptions from securities registrations in various other states and jurisdictions, and understands that the units to be issued pursuant to this subscription agreement can only be sold to a person meeting requirements of suitability; |
____ | | ____ | | c. has been informed that the securities purchased pursuant to this Subscription Agreement have not been registered under the securities laws of any state other than Florida, Maryland, New York, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia and Georgia and that East Coast is relying in part upon the representations of the undersigned Subscriber contained herein; |
____ | | ____ | | d. has been informed that the securities subscribed for have not been approved or disapproved by the SEC, or the Florida, Maryland, New York, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia and Georgia Securities Departments or any other regulatory authority, nor has any regulatory authority passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the Prospectus; |
____ | | ____ | | e. intends to acquire the units for his/her/its own account without a view to public distribution or resale and that he/she/it has no contract, undertaking, agreement or arrangement to sell or otherwise transfer or dispose of any units or any portion thereof to any other person; |
____ | | ____ | | f. understands that there is no present market for East Coast's membership units, that the membership units will not trade on an exchange or automatic quotation system, that no such market is expected to develop in the future and that there are significant restrictions on the transferability of the membership units; |
____ | | ____ | | g. has been encouraged to seek the advice of his legal counsel and accountants or other financial advisers with respect to investor-specific tax and/or other considerations relating to the purchase and ownership of units; |
____ | | ____ | | h. has received a copy of the East Coast Operating Agreement, dated July 27, 2007, and understands that upon closing the escrow by East Coast, the subscriber and the membership units will be bound by the provisions of the Operating Agreement which contains, among other things, provisions that restrict the transfer of membership units; |
____ | | ____ | | i. understands that the units are subject to substantial restrictions on transfer under certain tax and securities laws along with restrictions in the East Coast Operating Agreement, and agrees that if the membership units or any part thereof are sold or distributed in the future, the subscriber shall sell or distribute them pursuant to the terms of the Operating Agreement, and the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and applicable tax and securities laws; |
____ | | ____ | | j. meets the suitability test marked in Item E.5 above and is capable of bearing the economic risk of this investment, including the possible total loss of the investment; |
____ | | ____ | | k. understands that East Coast will place a restrictive legend on any certificate representing any unit containing substantially the following language as the same may be amended by the Directors of East Coast in their sole discretion: |
THE TRANSFERABILITY OF THE MEMBERSHIP UNITS REPRESENTED BY THIS DOCUMENT IS RESTRICTED. SUCH UNITS MAY NOT BE SOLD, ASSIGNED, OR TRANSFERRED, NOR WILL ANY ASSIGNEE, VENDEE, TRANSFEREE OR ENDORSEE THEREOF BE RECOGNIZED AS HAVING ACQUIRED ANY SUCH UNITS FOR ANY PURPOSES, UNLESS AND TO THE EXTENT SUCH SALE, TRANSFER, HYPOTHECATION, OR ASSIGNMENT IS PERMITTED BY, AND IS COMPLETED IN STRICT ACCORDANCE WITH, THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SET FORTH IN THE OPERATING AGREEMENT OF THE COMPANY, AS AMENDED FROM TIME TO TIME.
THE UNITS REPRESENTED BY THIS DOCUMENT MAY NOT BE SOLD, OFFERED FOR SALE, OR TRANSFERRED IN ABSENCE OF AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND UNDER APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS, OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY THAT SUCH TRANSACTION IS EXEMPT FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND UNDER APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS.
____ | | ____ | | l. understands that, to enforce the above legend, East Coast may place a stop transfer order with its registrar and stock transfer agent (if any) covering all certificates representing any of the membership units; |
____ | | ____ | | m. may not transfer or assign this Subscription Agreement, or any of the subscriber's interest herein without the prior written consent of East Coast; |
____ | | ____ | | n. has written his, her, or its correct taxpayer identification number under Item E.2 on this Subscription Agreement; |
____ | | ____ | | o. is not subject to back up withholding either because he, she or it has not been notified by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") that he, she or it is subject to backup withholding as a result of a failure to report all interest or dividends, or the IRS has notified him, her or it that he is no longer subject to backup withholding (Note this clause (o) should be crossed out if the backup withholding box in Item E.2 is checked); and |
____ | | ____ | | p. understands that execution of the attached Promissory Note will allow East Coast or its assigns to pursue the obligor for payment of the amount due thereon by any legal means, including, but not limited to, acquisition of a judgment against the obligor in the event that the subscriber defaults on that Promissory Note. |
| 7. | Form W-9 or Form W-8BEN. Please provide a completed copy of IRS Form W-9, Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification for U.S. persons or IRS Form W-8BEN, Certificate of Foreign Status of Beneficial Owner for United States Tax Withholding for non U.S. persons. |
| | |
| | |
Date: ________________________________________ | | |
| | |
Individuals: | | Entities: |
| | |
_______________________________ | | __________________________________ |
Name of Individual Subscriber (Please Print) | | Name of Entity (Please Print) |
| | |
_______________________________ | | __________________________________ |
Signature of Individual | | Print Name and Title of Officer |
| | |
_______________________________ | | __________________________________ |
Name of Joint Individual Subscriber (Please Print) | | Signature of Officer |
| | |
_______________________________ | | |
Signature of Joint Individual Subscriber | | |
ACCEPTANCE OF SUBSCRIPTION BY EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC:
East Coast Ethanol, LLC hereby accepts Subscriber's subscription for _____ units.
Dated this ___ day of _________________________ , 200 __.
EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC |
|
By: ___________________________________________ |
|
Its: ___________________________________________ |
PROMISSORY NOTE
Date of Subscription Agreement: ___________________________________, 200_.
$15,000 per Unit
Minimum Investment of 1 Unit ($15,000); Units Sold in 1/3 Unit Increments Thereafter ($5,000 each)
| | | | Number of Units Subscribed |
| | | | |
| | | | Total Purchase Price ($15,000 per unit multiplied by number of units subscribed) |
| | | | |
( | | ) | | Less Initial Payment (10% of Principal Amount) |
| | | | |
| | | | Principal Balance |
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned hereby promises to pay to the order of East Coast Ethanol, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("East Coast"), at its principal office located at 1907 Thurmond Mall Post Office Box 2226, Columbia, South Carolina 29202, or at such other place as required by East Coast, the Principal Balance set forth above in one lump sum to be paid without interest within 20 days following the call of the East Coast Board of Directors, as described in the Subscription Agreement. In the event the undersigned fails to timely make any payment owed, the entire balance of any amounts due under this full recourse Promissory Note shall be immediately due and payable in full with interest at the rate of 12% per annum from the due date and any amounts previously paid in relation to the obligation evidenced by this Promissory Note may be forfeited at the discretion of East Coast.
The undersigned agrees to pay to East Coast on demand, all costs and expenses incurred to collect any indebtedness evidenced by this Promissory Note, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees. This Promissory Note may not be modified orally and shall in all respects be governed by, construed, and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of South Carolina.
The provisions of this Promissory Note shall inure to the benefit of East Coast and its successors and assigns, which expressly reserves the right to pursue the undersigned for payment of the amount due thereon by any legal means in the event that the undersigned defaults on obligations provided in this Promissory Note.
The undersigned waives presentment, demand for payment, notice of dishonor, notice of protest, and all other notices or demands in connection with the delivery, acceptance, performance or default of this Promissory Note.
Dated: , 200_.
OBLIGOR/DEBTOR: | | JOINT OBLIGOR/DEBTOR: |
| | |
_______________________________________ | | ____________________________________________ |
Printed or Typed Name of Obligor | | Printed or Typed Name of Joint Obligor |
| | |
By: __________________________________________ | | By:________________________________________________ |
(Signature) | | (Signature) |
| | |
_______________________________________ | | |
Officer Title if Obligor is an Entity | | |
_______________________________________ | | |
_______________________________________ | | |
Address of Obligor | | |
Exhibit A
MEMBERS SIGNATURE PAGE
ADDENDA
TO THE
OPERATING AGREEMENT OF
EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC
The undersigned does hereby represent and warrant that the undersigned, as a condition to becoming a Member of East Coast Ethanol, LLC, has received a copy of the Operating Agreement of East Coast Ethanol, LLC (“Operating Agreement”), dated July 27, 2007, and, if applicable, all amendments and modifications thereto, and does hereby agree that the undersigned, along with the other parties to the Operating Agreement, shall be subject to and comply with all terms and conditions of said Operating Agreement in all respects as if the undersigned had executed said Operating Agreement on the original date thereof and that the undersigned is and shall be bound by all of the provisions of said Operating Agreement from and after the date of execution hereof.
| | Entities |
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_______________________________________ | | ____________________________________________ |
Name of Individual Member (Please Print) | | Name of Entity (Please Print) |
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_______________________________________ | | ____________________________________________ |
Signature of Individual | | Print Name and Title of Officer |
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_______________________________________ | | ____________________________________________ |
Name of Joint Individual Member (Please Print) | | Signature of Officer |
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_______________________________________ | | |
Signature of Joint Individual Member | | |
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Agreed and accepted on behalf of the | | |
Company and its Members: | | |
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EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC | | |
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BY:______________________________________________ | | |
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ITS:______________________________________________ | | |
MINIMUM 16,910 UNITS
MAXIMUM 39,455 UNITS
EAST COAST ETHANOL, LLC
Prospectus
September 26, 2008
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, units only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of our units.
No action is being taken in any jurisdiction outside the United States to permit a public offering of the units or possession or distribution of this prospectus in that jurisdiction. Persons who come into possession of this prospectus in jurisdictions outside the United States are required to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions as to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus applicable to that jurisdiction.
Through and including December 25, 2008 (the 90th day after the effective date of this prospectus), all dealers effecting transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers’ obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.