Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Interim Information The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information (Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 270, Interim Reporting Principles of Consolidation The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts and operations of the Corporation, the Operating Company and its consolidated subsidiaries, all of which are wholly owned by the Operating Company (collectively, the “Company”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. To the extent the Corporation has a variable interest in entities that are not evaluated under the variable interest entity (“VIE”) model, the Corporation evaluates its interests using the voting interest entity model. The Corporation holds a 92.4% interest in the Operating Company at September 30, 2018, and is the sole managing member of the Operating Company, which gives the Corporation exclusive and complete responsibility for the day-to-day management, authority to make decisions, and control of the Operating Company. Based on consolidation guidance, the Corporation concluded that the Operating Company is a VIE as the members in the Operating Company do not possess kick-out rights or substantive participating rights. Accordingly, the Corporation consolidates its interest in the Operating Company. However, as the Corporation holds the majority voting interest in the Operating Company, it qualifies for the exemption from providing certain disclosure requirements associated with investments in VIEs. The portion of the Operating Company not owned by the Corporation is presented as non-controlling interests as of and during the periods presented. Basis of Accounting The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. Use of Estimates The preparation of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates include, but are not limited to, the allocation of purchase price between investment in rental property and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the value of long-lived assets, the provision for impairment, the depreciable lives of rental property, the amortizable lives of intangible assets and liabilities, the allowance for doubtful accounts, the fair value of assumed debt and notes payable, the fair value of the Company’s interest rate swap agreements, and the determination of any uncertain tax positions. Accordingly, actual results may differ from those estimates. Restricted Cash Restricted cash includes escrow funds the Company maintains pursuant to the terms of certain mortgage and notes payable and lease agreements, and undistributed proceeds from the sale of properties under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code. Long-lived Asset Impairment The Company reviews long-lived assets to be held and used for possible impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If and when such events or changes in circumstances are present, an impairment exists to the extent the carrying value of the asset or asset group exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset or asset group and its eventual disposition. Such cash flows include expected future operating income, as adjusted for trends and prospects, as well as the effects of demand, competition, and other factors. An impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset or asset group exceeds the fair value of the asset or asset group. A significant judgment is made as to if and when impairment should be taken. If our strategy, or one or more of the assumptions described above were to change in the future, an impairment may need to be recognized. Inputs used in establishing fair value for real estate assets generally fall within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, which are characterized as requiring significant judgment as little or no current market activity may be available for validation. The main indicator used to establish the classification of the inputs is current market condition, as derived through our use of published commercial real estate market information. The Company determines the valuation of impaired assets using generally accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis, income capitalization, analysis of recent comparable sales transactions, actual sales negotiations and bona fide purchase offers received from third parties. Management may consider a single valuation technique or multiple valuation techniques, as appropriate, when estimating the fair value of its real estate. During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 we recorded impairment of $ 2,061 The Company has reduced the carrying value of the impaired real estate assets to the estimated fair value as detailed below: September 30, 2018 September 30, 2017 (in thousands) Carrying Amount Allocation of Impairment Net Carrying Amount Carrying Amount Allocation of Impairment Net Carrying Amount Investment in rental property accounted for using the operating method, net of accumulated depreciation $ 12,834 $ (1,702 ) $ 11,132 $ 16,159 $ (2,401 ) $ 13,758 Intangible lease assets, net 2,305 (384 ) 1,921 1,263 (204 ) 1,059 Leasing fees, net 131 (19 ) 112 123 (16 ) 107 Intangible lease liabilities, net (989 ) 44 (945 ) (101 ) 13 (88 ) $ 14,281 $ (2,061 ) $ 12,220 $ 17,444 $ (2,608 ) $ 14,836 Revenue Recognition At the inception of a new lease arrangement, including new leases that arise from amendments, the Company assesses the terms and conditions to determine the proper lease classification. A lease arrangement is classified as an operating lease if none of the following criteria are met: (i) ownership transfers to the lessee prior to or shortly after the end of the lease term, (ii) lessee has a bargain purchase option during or at the end of the lease term, (iii) the lease term is greater than or equal to 75% of the underlying property’s estimated useful life, or (iv) the present value of the future minimum lease payments (excluding executory costs) is greater than or equal to 90% of the fair value of the leased property. If one or more of these criteria are met, and the minimum lease payments are determined to be reasonably predictable and collectible, the lease arrangement is generally accounted for as a direct financing lease. Consistent with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 840 , Leases, Revenue recognition methods for operating leases and direct financing leases are described below: Rental property accounted for under operating leases – Revenue is recognized as rents are earned on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable terms of the related leases. In most cases, revenue recognition under operating leases begins when the lessee takes possession of, or controls, the physical use of the leased asset. Generally, this occurs on the lease commencement date. For leases that have fixed and measurable rent escalations, the difference between such rental income earned and the cash rent due under the provisions of the lease is recorded as Accrued rental income on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Rental property accounted for under direct financing leases – The Company utilizes the direct finance method of accounting to record direct financing lease income. For a lease accounted for as a direct financing lease, the net investment in the direct financing lease represents receivables for the sum of future minimum lease payments and the estimated residual value of the leased property, less the unamortized unearned income. Unearned income is deferred and amortized into income over the lease terms so as to produce a constant periodic rate of return on the Company’s net investment in the leases. Adoption of ASU 2014-09, described further in Recently Adopted Accounting Standards Sales of Real Estate As described further in Recently Adopted Accounting Standards If the Company determines that it did not transfer control of the non-financial assets to the buyer, the Company will analyze the contract for separate performance obligations and allocate a portion of the sales price to each performance obligation. As performance obligations are satisfied, the Company will recognize the respective income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. The Company accounts for discontinued operations if disposals of properties represent a strategic shift in operations. Those strategic shifts would need to have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results in order to meet the definition. Rent Received in Advance Rent received in advance represents tenant payments received prior to the contractual due date and are included in Accounts payable and other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Rents received in advance at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are as follows: (in thousands) September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Rents received in advance $ 6,396 $ 8,585 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Management periodically reviews the sufficiency of the allowance for doubtful accounts, taking into consideration its historical losses and existing economic conditions, and adjusts the allowance as it considers necessary. Uncollected tenant receivables are written off against the allowance when all possible means of collection have been exhausted. The following table summarizes the changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017: (in thousands) September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Beginning balance $ 742 $ 323 Provision for doubtful accounts 1,053 419 Write-offs (177 ) — Ending balance $ 1,618 $ 742 Derivative Instruments The Company uses interest rate swap agreements to manage risks related to interest rate movements. The interest rate swap agreements, designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges, are reported at fair value. The gain or loss on the qualifying hedges is initially included as a component of other comprehensive income or loss and is subsequently reclassified into earnings when interest payments (the forecasted transactions) on the related debt are incurred and as the swap net settlements occur. When an existing cash flow hedge is terminated, the Company determines the accounting treatment for the accumulated gain or loss recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive income based on the probability of the hedged forecasted transaction occurring within the period the cash flow hedge was anticipated to affect earnings. If the Company determines that the hedged forecasted transaction is probable of occurring during the original period, the accumulated gain or loss is reclassified into earnings over the remaining life of the cash flow hedge using a straight-line method, which approximates an effective interest method. If the Company determines that the hedged forecasted transaction is not probable of occurring during the original period, the entire amount of accumulated gain or loss is reclassified into earnings in the period the cash flow hedge is terminated. The Company documents its risk management strategy and hedge effectiveness at the inception of and during the term of each hedge. The Company’s interest rate risk management strategy is intended to stabilize cash flow requirements by maintaining interest rate swap agreements to convert certain variable-rate debt to a fixed rate. Non-controlling Interests Non-controlling interests represents the membership interests held in the Operating Company of 7.6% at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, by third parties which are accounted for as a separate component of equity. The Company periodically adjusts the carrying value of non-controlling interests to reflect their share of the book value of the Operating Company. Such adjustments are recorded to Additional paid-in capital as a reallocation of Non-controlling interests in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity. Fair Value Measurements ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, The balances of financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are as follows (see Note 10): September 30, 2018 (in thousands) Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Interest rate swap, assets $ 35,525 $ — $ 35,525 $ — Interest rate swap, liabilities — — — — $ 35,525 $ — $ 35,525 $ — December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Interest rate swap, assets $ 11,008 $ — $ 11,008 $ — Interest rate swap, liabilities (5,020 ) — (5,020 ) — $ 5,988 $ — $ 5,988 $ — The Company has estimated that the carrying amount reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for Cash and cash equivalents, Restricted cash, Tenant and other receivables, net, Notes receivable, and Accounts payable and other liabilities approximates their fair values due to their short-term nature. The following table summarizes the carrying amount reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and the Company’s estimate of the fair value of the Mortgage and notes payable, net, Unsecured term notes, net, and Unsecured revolver at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017: (in thousands) September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Carrying amount $ 1,310,278 $ 1,181,470 Fair value 1,264,797 1,177,197 The fair value of the Company’s debt was estimated using Level 2 and Level 3 inputs based on recent financing transactions, estimates of the fair value of the property that serves as collateral for such debt, historical risk premiums for loans of comparable quality, current LIBOR, US treasury obligation interest rates, and on the discounted estimated future cash payments to be made on such debt. The discount rates estimated reflect the Company’s judgment as to the approximate current lending rates for loans or groups of loans with similar maturities and assumes that the debt is outstanding through maturity. Market information, as available, or present value techniques were utilized to estimate the amounts required to be disclosed. Since such amounts are estimates that are based on limited available market information for similar transactions and do not acknowledge transfer or other repayment restrictions that may exist on specific loans, it is unlikely that the estimated fair value of any such debt could be realized by immediate settlement of the obligation. As disclosed under the Long-lived Asset Impairment Taxes Collected From Tenants and Remitted to Governmental Authorities In most situations, the Company’s properties are leased on a triple-net basis, which provides that the tenants are responsible for the payment of all property operating expenses, including, but not limited to, property taxes, maintenance, insurance, repairs, and capital costs, during the lease term. The Company records such expenses on a net basis. The following table summarizes the approximate property tax payments made directly to the taxing authorities by the Company’s tenants, pursuant to their lease obligations, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017: For the three months ended September 30, For the nine months ended September 30, (in thousands) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Property taxes paid by tenants directly to taxing authority $ 3,777 $ 2,448 $ 15,745 $ 13,405 In other situations, the Company may collect property taxes from its tenants and remit those taxes to governmental authorities. Taxes collected from tenants and remitted to governmental authorities are presented on a gross basis, where revenue is included in Operating expenses reimbursed from tenants and expense is included in Property and operating expense in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. The following table summarizes taxes collected from tenants and remitted to governmental authorities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017: For the three months ended September 30, For the nine months ended September 30, (in thousands) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Property taxes collected from tenants $ 1,238 $ 608 $ 3,648 $ 1,787 Property taxes remitted on behalf of tenants 1,451 885 3,924 2,084 Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In August 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows—Restricted Cash. Reclassifications In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, Other Income Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets. Other Recently Issued Accounting Standards In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) Leases (Topic 840) Taxes Collected From Tenants and Remitted to Governmental Authorities As originally published, when adopting ASC 842, companies were required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842) Targeted Improvements. Leases The amendments are effective January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company has completed its initial inventory of leases and has identified changes needed to its processes and systems impacted by the new standard. The Company is continuing to evaluate the impact that adoption of this guidance will have on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and footnote disclosures. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. Reclassifications As described below, certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current period’s presentation. In connection with the adoption of ASU 2016-18, discussed in Recently Adopted Accounting Standards |