| Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] | 1. The Company AcelRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or the Company, or AcelRx, was incorporated in Delaware on July 13, 2005 AcelRx is a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of innovative therapies for use in medically supervised settings. DSUVIA® November 2, 2018, first 2019. June 2018, May 12, 2021 ( Termination of Gr nenthal Agreements July 2022, On March 12, 2023, 30 20, In July 2021, 20, In July 2021, 10 3 10 50 20, On January 7, 2022, 4, 10 not 8 608, Termination of Gr nenthal Agreements On December 16, 2013, July 17, 2015, September 20, 2016, September 2015, December 16, 2013, July 15, 2015, On May 18, 2020, November 13, 2020. May 12, 2021 May 12, 2021. July 2022, Termination of Royalty Monetization On September 18, 2015, August 31, 2020, May 31, 2022, May 31, 2022, no Liquidity and Going Concern The consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022 December 31, 2022; twelve 12 10 may SM third not may not not may third may may not Reverse Stock Split On September 23, 2022, 1 1 1 20, October 25, 2022, one not As the par value per share of the Company's common stock remained unchanged at $0.001 per share, the change in the common stock recorded at par value has been reclassified to additional paid-in capital on a retroactive basis. All references to shares of common stock, stock options, restricted stock units and warrants and per share data for all periods presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Split on a retroactive basis. Basis of Presentation The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Reclassifications Certain prior year amounts in the consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation. In particular, the restricted cash classified as “Cash and cash equivalents” has been reclassified to “Restricted cash, net of current portion” in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2021 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Management believes its most significant accounting estimates relate to revenue recognition, inventory valuation and the liability related to the sale of future royalties. Management evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis including critical accounting policies. Estimates are based on historical experience and on various other market-specific and other relevant assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Short-Term Investments The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity (at date of purchase) of three On May 30, 2019, not The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts in the consolidated statements of cash flows: Balance as of December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Cash and cash equivalents $ 15,275 $ 7,663 Restricted cash 5,000 — Restricted cash, net of current portion — 5,000 Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash $ 20,275 $ 12,663 All marketable securities are classified as available for sale and consist of commercial paper, U.S. government sponsored enterprise debt securities and corporate debt securities. These securities are carried at estimated fair value, which is based on quoted market prices or observable market inputs of almost identical assets, with unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The amortized cost of securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Such amortization and accretion is included in interest income or expense. The cost of securities sold is based on specific identification. The Company’s investments are subject to a periodic impairment review for other-than-temporary declines in fair value. The Company’s review includes the consideration of the cause of the impairment including the creditworthiness of the security issuers, the number of securities in an unrealized loss position, the severity and duration of the unrealized losses and the Company’s intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in the market value. When the Company determines that the decline in fair value of an investment is below its accounting basis and this decline is other than temporary, it reduces the carrying value of the security it holds and records a loss in the amount of such decline. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company measures and reports its cash equivalents, investments and financial liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or an exit price paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy defines a three Level I—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level II—Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level I that are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in markets that are not Level III—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Segment Information The Company operates in a single segment, the development and commercialization of innovative therapies for use in medically supervised settings. The Company’s product sales revenue consists of sales of DSUVIA in the United States, DZUVEO in Europe by Aguettant, and, through May 2021, 8, Concentration of Risk The Company invests cash that is currently not $250,000. The Company relies on a single third third DSUVIA sales are concentrated with the DoD and with a limited number of wholesalers in the United States. Zalviso was sold in Europe by Grünenthal through May 2021. July 2021, Revenue and accounts receivable have been concentrated with these customers. Revenues from customers that accounted for 10% December 31, 2022 2021 Year Ended December 31, Percent of Total Revenue 2022 2021 Aguettant 10 % 62 % Grünenthal 0 % 12 % Wholesaler A 25 % 16 % Wholesaler B 12 % 8 % Distributor A 28 % 5 % Distributor B 12 % 2 % Accounts Receivable, Net The need for a bad debt allowance is evaluated each reporting period based on the Company’s assessment of the creditworthiness of its customers or any other potential circumstances that could result in bad debt. The Company believes that the entire accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2022 no December 31, 2022 2021. Accounts receivable, net from customers that accounted for 10% December 31, 2022 2021 As of December 31, Percent of Accounts Receivable, Net 2022 2021 Customer A 58 % 0 % Customer B 19 % 73 % Customer C 15 % 9 % Inventories, Net Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first first third The Company's policy is to write down inventory that has become obsolete, inventory that has a cost basis in excess of its expected net realizable value and inventory in excess of expected requirements. The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of inventory on hand for potential excess amount over demand using the same lower of cost or net realizable value approach as that used to value the inventory. Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally three five not Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company periodically assesses the impairment of long-lived assets and, if indicators of asset impairment exist, the Company assesses the recoverability of the affected long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets can be recovered through an analysis of the undiscounted future expected operating cash flows. If impairment is indicated, the Company records the amount of such impairment for the excess of the carrying value of the asset over its estimated fair value. See Note 5, Acquisitions The Company evaluates acquisitions of assets and other similar transactions to assess whether or not first not, not Acquisitions meeting the definition of business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires that the purchase price be allocated to the net assets acquired at their respective fair values. In a business combination, any excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. For asset acquisitions, a cost accumulation model is used to determine the cost of an asset acquisition. Direct transaction costs are recognized as part of the cost of an asset acquisition. The Company also evaluates which elements of a transaction should be accounted for as a part of an asset acquisition and which should be accounted for separately. The cost of an asset acquisition, including transaction costs, is allocated to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on a relative fair value basis. Goodwill is not not no may not Leases The Company follows the provisions of Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2016 02, Leases (Topic 842 not may Lease expense is recognized over the expected term on a straight-line basis. Operating leases are recognized on the consolidated balance sheets as operating lease right-of-use assets, operating lease liabilities current and operating lease liabilities non-current. Revenue from Contracts with Customers The Company follows the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as it fulfills its obligations under its agreements, the Company performs the following steps: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations, including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations based on estimated selling prices; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation. Product Sales Revenue The Company sells its product primarily through distributors. Revenues from product sales are recognized when distributors obtain control of the Company’s product, which occurs at a point in time, upon delivery to such distributors. These distributors subsequently resell the product to certified medically supervised healthcare settings. In addition to distribution agreements with these customers, the Company enters into arrangements with group purchasing organizations, or GPOs, and other certified medically supervised healthcare settings that provide for privately negotiated discounts with respect to the purchase of its products. For revenue recognition under bill-and-hold arrangements, wherein the customer agrees to buy product from the Company but requests delivery at a later date, the Company deems that control passes to the customer when the product is ready for delivery. The Company recognizes revenue under these types of arrangements when a signed agreement is in place, the transaction is billable, the customer has significant risk and rewards for the product and the ability to direct the asset, the product has been set aside specifically for the customer, and the product cannot be redirected to another customer. Revenue from product sales is recorded at the transaction price, net of estimates for variable consideration consisting of chargebacks, government rebates, returns, distribution fees, GPO fees and product returns. Variable consideration is recorded at the time product sales are recognized resulting in a reduction in product revenue. The amount of variable consideration that is included in the transaction price may not 606 may Chargebacks not Government Rebates Returns 6 12 may Distribution Fees GPO Fees Trade Discounts and Allowances The Company believes its estimated allowances for chargebacks, government rebates and product returns require a high degree of judgment and are subject to change based on its limited experience and certain quantitative and qualitative factors. The Company believes its estimated allowances for distribution fees, GPO fees and trade discounts and allowances do not Contract and Other Collaboration Revenue The Company generates revenue from collaboration agreements. These agreements typically include payments for upfront signing or license fees, cost reimbursements for development and manufacturing services, milestone payments, product sales, and royalties on licensee’s future product sales. Product sales related revenue under these collaboration agreements is classified as product sales revenue, while other revenue generated from collaboration agreements is classified as contract and other collaboration revenue. Performance Obligations A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account in ASC Topic 606. The Company has optional additional items in contracts, which are considered marketing offers and are accounted for as separate contracts when the customer elects such options. Arrangements that include a promise for future commercial product supply and optional research and development services at the customer’s or the Company’s discretion are generally considered as options. The Company assesses if these options provide a material right to the licensee and if so, such material rights are accounted for as separate performance obligations. If the Company is entitled to additional payments when the customer exercises these options, any additional payments are recorded in revenue when the customer obtains control of the goods or services. Transaction Price The Company has both fixed and variable consideration. Variable consideration for product revenue is described as Net product sales in the consolidated statements of operations. For collaboration agreements, non-refundable upfront fees and product supply selling prices are considered fixed, while milestone payments are identified as variable consideration when determining the transaction price. Funding of research and development activities is considered variable until such costs are reimbursed at which point, they are considered fixed. The Company allocates the total transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative estimated standalone selling prices of the promised goods or services for each performance obligation. At the inception of each arrangement that includes milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being achieved and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not not not For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on the level of sales, and the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company recognizes revenue at the later of (a) when the related sales occur, or (b) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied). Allocation of Consideration As part of the accounting for collaboration arrangements, the Company must develop assumptions that require judgment to determine the stand-alone selling price of each performance obligation identified in the contract. Estimated selling prices for license rights and material rights for discounts on manufacturing services are calculated using an income approach model and can include the following key assumptions: the development timeline, sales forecasts, costs of product sales, commercialization expenses, discount rate, the time which the manufacturing services are expected to be performed, and probabilities of technical and regulatory success. For all other performance obligations, the Company uses a cost-plus margin approach. Timing of Recognition Significant management judgment is required to determine the level of effort required under collaboration arrangements and the period over which the Company expects to complete its performance obligations under the arrangement. The Company estimates the performance period or measure of progress at the inception of the arrangement and re-evaluates it each reporting period. This re-evaluation may Cost of Goods Sold Cost of goods sold for product revenue includes third Under the Grünenthal Agreements, the Company sold Zalviso to Grünenthal at predetermined, contractual transfer prices that were less than the direct costs of manufacturing and recognized indirect costs as period costs where they were in excess of normal capacity and not third Research and Development Expenses Research and development costs are charged to expense when incurred. Research and development expenses include salaries, employee benefits, including stock-based compensation, consultant fees, laboratory supplies, costs associated with clinical trials and manufacturing, including contract research organization fees, other professional services and allocations of corporate costs. The Company reviews and accrues clinical trial expenses based on work performed, which relies on estimates of total costs incurred based on patient enrollment, completion of patient studies and other events. Stock-Based Compensation Compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards made to employees and directors, including employee stock options and restricted stock units related to the 2020 2020 2011 2011 2011 The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires inputs such as expected term, expected volatility and risk-free interest rate. These inputs are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. The expected term, which represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding, is derived by analyzing the historical experience of similar awards, giving consideration to the contractual terms of the stock‑based awards, vesting schedules and expectations of future employee behavior. Expected volatilities are estimated using the historical stock price performance over the expected term of the option, which are adjusted as necessary for any other factors which may not Warrants Issued in Connection with Financings The Company accounts for issued warrants as either liability or equity in accordance with ASC 480 10, Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity 815 40, Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company s Own Stock 480 10, not 480 10, 815 40 815 40, may not 815 40, 815 40 no Restructuring Costs The Company’s restructuring costs consist of employee termination benefit costs. Liabilities for costs associated with the cost reduction plan are recognized when the liability is incurred and are measured at fair value. One-time termination benefits are expensed at the date the Company notifies the employee, unless the employee must provide future service, in which case the benefits are expensed ratably over the future service period. In May 2022, December 31, 2022, second 2022. No Non-Cash Interest Income (Expense) on Liability Related to Sale of Future Royalties In September 2015, November 13, 2020. May 2021 May 2021. Under the Royalty Monetization, the Company had a continuing obligation to use commercially reasonable efforts to negotiate a replacement license agreement, or New Arrangement. Under the relevant accounting guidance, because of the Company’s significant continuing involvement, the Royalty Monetization was accounted for as a liability that is being amortized using the effective interest method over the life of the arrangement. In order to determine the amortization of the liability, the Company was required to estimate the total amount of future royalty and milestone payments to be received by ARPI LLC and payments made to PDL, up to a capped amount of $195.0 million, over the life of the arrangement. The aggregate future estimated royalty and milestone payments (subject to the capped amount), less the $61.2 million of net proceeds the Company received, was to be amortized as interest expense over the life of the liability. Consequently, the Company imputed interest on the unamortized portion of the liability and recorded interest expense, or interest income, as these estimates were updated and recorded non-cash royalty revenues and non-cash interest income (expense), net, within its consolidated statements of operations over the term of the Royalty Monetization. When the expected payments under the Royalty Monetization were lower than the gross proceeds of $65.0 million received, the Company deferred recognition of any probable contingent gain until the Royalty Monetization liability expired. See Note 11, Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss is comprised of net loss and other comprehensive income (loss) and is disclosed in the consolidated statements of operations. For the Company, other comprehensive income (loss) consists of changes in unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s investments. Income Taxes Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured based on differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company records a valuation allowance for the full amount of deferred assets, which would otherwise be recorded for tax benefits relating to operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, as realization of such deferred tax assets cannot be determined to be more likely than not. Net Income (Loss) per Share of Common Stock Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share, or EPS, are calculated in accordance with the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, ASC Topic 260, Earnings per Share The Company applies the two two may may no two no not November 2021 2022 12, 14, For additional information regarding the net income (loss) per share, see Note 16, Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In May 2021, 2021 04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260 470 50 718 s Own Equity (Subtopic 815 40 s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) 2021 14, not 2021 04 2021 04 December 15, 2021, 2021 04 2021 04. The Company adopted ASU 2021 04 January 1, 2022, 12, Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In June 2016, 2016 13, Financial Instruments Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, 2016 13. 2016 13 2016 13 January 1, 2023, January 1, 2020. May 2019, 2019 05, Financial Instruments Credit Losses, 2019 05, 2016 13. not |
