Summary of business and significant accounting policies | 12 Months Ended |
Jan. 31, 2015 |
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] | |
Summary of business and significant accounting policies | Summary of business and significant accounting policies |
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HealthEquity, Inc. was incorporated in the state of Delaware on September 18, 2002, and was organized to offer a full range of innovative solutions for managing health care accounts (Health Savings Accounts ("HSAs"), Health Reimbursement Arrangements ("HRAs"), and Flexible Spending Accounts ("FSAs")) for health plans, insurance companies, and third-party administrators. |
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In February 2006, HealthEquity, Inc. received designation by the U.S. Department of Treasury to act as a passive non-bank custodian, which allows HealthEquity, Inc. to hold custodial assets in trust for individual account holders. At December 31, 2014, the Company’s year-end for trust and tax purposes, custodial assets held in trust were $2.0 billion. The Company’s operations consist primarily of servicing HSAs through the use of the Company’s proprietary technology. HSAs are tax-deductible, custodial accounts owned by individuals for health care purchases. An HSA-based health plan has two fundamental components—a High Deductible Health Plan ("HDHP"), which is required to qualify for the tax-deductible contributions to a participant’s HSA, and a custodial HSA. As a passive non-bank custodian, according to the Internal Revenue Code ("IRC") 1.408-2(e)(5)(ii)(B)(2), the Company must maintain net worth (assets minus liabilities) greater than 2% of custodial funds held in trust at each year-end in order to take on additional custodial assets. At December 31, 2014, the Company’s year-end for trust and tax purposes, the net worth of the Company as defined in Treasury Regulation §104-2(e)(5)(ii) by subtracting the Company’s total liabilities from the total assets, resulted in a calculated net worth of $141,807,550. The amount of supportable custodial funds calculated by dividing the Company’s net worth (defined above) by two percent, pursuant to the requirements of Treasury Regulation §104-2(e)(5)(ii)(C) as of December 31, 2014, was $7,090,377,499. The amount that the supportable custodial funds exceeded the actual amount of custodial funds at December 31, 2014 was $5,121,308,728. In the event the Company is unable to comply with the aforementioned net worth requirement, IRC 1.408-2(e)(5)(ii)(C)(2) requires the Company, as a passive non-bank custodian, to take whatever lawful steps necessary, including the relinquishment of fiduciary accounts, to ensure that its net worth exceeds 1% of the custodial assets. |
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The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. This summary of significant accounting policies of the Company is presented to assist in understanding the Company's consolidated financial statements. The financial statements and notes are representations of the Company's management, which is responsible for their integrity and objectivity. These accounting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and have been consistently applied in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. Certain reclassifications may be made to prior year amounts to conform to the current year presentation. |
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Principles of consolidation—The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of HealthEquity, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, First HSA, LLC, First Horizon MSaver, Inc., HEQ Insurance Services, Inc., and HealthEquity Advisors, LLC (collectively referred to as the "Company"). First HSA, LLC and First Horizon MSaver, Inc. were dissolved during the year ended January 31, 2014. During the year ended January 31, 2015, the Company and an unrelated company formed a joint venture ("Healthbox") for the management of early stage companies in the healthcare industry. The Company has a 22% ownership interest in Healthbox accounted for using the equity method of accounting. The investment was approximately $281,000 as of January 31, 2015 and is included in other investments on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. |
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Initial public offering—On August 5, 2014, the Company consummated its initial public offering ("IPO") and issued and sold 10,465,000 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $14.00 per share, less the underwriters' discount. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $132.6 million after deducting underwriters' discounts and commissions of approximately $10.2 million and other offering expenses payable by the Company of approximately $3.7 million. The underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses were recorded as an offset against the IPO proceeds in additional paid-in capital upon the closing of the IPO on August 5, 2014. |
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Deferred offering costs—Deferred offering costs consisting of legal, accounting and filing fees relating to our IPO were capitalized until the consummation of our IPO in August 2014, at which time the deferred offering costs were offset against our IPO proceeds upon the completion of the offering. |
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Capital structure—On July 14, 2014, the Company's board of directors approved an amended and restated certificate of incorporation, pursuant to which the total number of shares of all classes of capital stock that the Company is authorized to issue is 1,000,000,000 shares, including 900,000,000 shares of common stock and 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share. The amended and restated certificate of incorporation was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and became effective on August 5, 2014 in connection with the completion of the IPO. |
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On July 14, 2014, the Company's board of directors declared a cash dividend in an aggregate amount of $50.0 million on shares of the Company's common stock outstanding on August 4, 2014 (after giving effect to the conversion of all outstanding convertible preferred stock and redeemable convertible preferred stock into shares of common stock). The terms of each of the Company's stock plans, including the 2003 Director Stock Plan, 2003 Stock Plan, 2005 Stock Plan, 2006 Stock Plan, 2009 Stock Plan and the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan requires an adjustment to outstanding stock options to prevent dilution of the holders’ interests as a result of the foregoing special dividend. Accordingly, the Company's board of directors approved an adjustment to reduce the exercise price by $1.00 of each of the stock options outstanding as of the record date, August 4, 2014, excluding those options granted on July 30, 2014 in connection with the IPO. The reduction of the exercise price to stock options outstanding as of the record date, August 4, 2014, resulted in no incremental compensation expense. |
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As of the close of business on August 4, 2014, all of the Company's redeemable convertible preferred stock and convertible preferred stock converted into 32,486,588 shares of common stock. |
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Segments—The Company operates in one segment. Management uses one measurement of profitability and does not segregate its business for internal reporting. All long-lived assets are maintained in the United States of America. |
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Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash—The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents were held in institutions in the U.S. and include deposits in a money market account that was unrestricted as to withdrawal or use. Restricted cash represents custodial funds held temporarily by the Company in its accounts with a corresponding due to trust liability account. |
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Accounts receivable—Accounts receivable represent monies due to the Company for monthly account fees, fees from custodial banks, card fees and other revenue. As of January 31, 2015, accounts receivable consisted of $4.9 million of account fees, $2.6 million of fees from custodial banks, and $1.6 million of card fees and other revenue. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts to reserve for potentially uncollectible receivable amounts. In evaluating the Company’s ability to collect outstanding receivable balances, the Company considers various factors including the age of the balance, the creditworthiness of the customer, which is assessed based on ongoing credit evaluations and payment history, and the customer’s current financial condition. As of January 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company had allowance for doubtful accounts of $40,000. |
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Inventories—Inventories consist of new member and participant supplies and are recorded at the lower of cost or market using an average cost basis. |
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Property and equipment—Property and equipment, including leasehold improvements, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is determined using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of individual assets. The useful life for leasehold improvements is the shorter of the estimated useful life or the term of the lease ranging from 3-5 years. The useful life used for computing depreciation for all other asset classes is described below: |
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Computer Equipment | 3-5 years |
Furniture and Fixtures | 5 years |
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Maintenance and repairs are expensed when incurred, and improvements that extend the economic useful life of an asset are capitalized. Gains and losses on the disposal of property and equipment are reflected in operating expenses. |
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Capitalized software development costs—We account for the costs of computer software developed or obtained for internal use in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350-40, “Internal-Use Software.” Costs incurred during operation and post-implementation stages are charged to expense. Costs incurred that are directly attributable to developing or obtaining software for internal use incurred in the application development stage are capitalized. Management’s judgment is required in determining the point when various projects enter the stages at which costs may be capitalized, in assessing the ongoing value of the capitalized costs and in determining the estimated useful lives over which the costs are amortized. See Note 4—Intangible Assets and Goodwill for additional information. |
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Intangible assets, net—Intangible assets are carried at cost and amortized, typically, on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which is 3-5 years for capitalized software development costs and acquired technology rights, and 15 years for certain acquired intangible member assets. The acquired intangible member assets are the result of various acquisitions of HSA portfolios. A significant portion of the purchase price from each acquisition has been allocated to the acquired HSA assets, which consists of the contractual rights to administer the activities related to the individual health savings accounts acquired. The Company analyzed the historical attrition and depletion rates of member accounts and determined that an average useful life of 15 years and the use of a straight-line amortization method are appropriate to reflect the pattern over which the economic benefits of existing member assets are realized. The Company reviews identifiable amortizable intangible assets to be held and used for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on the lowest level of identifiable estimated undiscounted cash flows resulting from use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Measurement of any impairment loss is based on the excess of the carrying value of the asset over its fair value. There have been no impairment charges recorded in any of the periods presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. See Note 4—Intangible Assets and Goodwill for additional information. |
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Goodwill—Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized, but is tested for impairment annually on January 31 or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset may be impaired. The Company’s impairment tests are based on a single operating segment and reporting unit structure. The goodwill impairment test involves a two-step process. The first step involves comparing the Company's market capitalization to the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the test is performed by comparing the carrying value of the goodwill in the reporting unit to its implied fair value. An impairment charge is recognized for the excess of the carrying value of goodwill over its implied fair value. |
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The Company’s annual goodwill impairment test resulted in no impairment charges in any of the periods presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. |
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Deferred rent—The Company recognizes rental expense for its office lease on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Deferred rent represents the difference between actual operating lease payments due and straight-line rent expense. The excess is recorded as a deferred credit in the early periods of the lease, when cash payments are generally lower than straight-line rent expense, and is reduced in the later periods of the lease when payments begin to exceed the straight-line expense. |
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Revenue recognition—The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, services have been provided, the price of services is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. The Company generates revenue primarily from account fees, custodial fees, card fees and other services. |
The Company earns account fee revenue from the fees paid by health plan partners, employer partners or individual members for administration services provided in connection with the tax-advantaged HSAs, HRAs and FSAs the Company administers. These fees are generally fixed for the duration of the contract agreement with health plan or employer partners, which is typically three to five years. The fees are paid on a monthly basis and revenue is recognized monthly as services are rendered under the Company’s written service agreements. |
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The Company earns custodial fee revenue from HSA custodial assets held in trust. As a non-bank custodian, the Company deposits HSA cash with various custodial financial institutions having contract terms from three to five years and either a fixed or variable interest rate. These deposits are FDIC insured for each individual HSA. The Company also invests HSA cash in an annuity contract with a insurance company partner. HSA investment balances are deposited with the custodial investment partner from whom the Company receives an administrative and recordkeeping fee. |
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The Company earns card fee revenue (also known as interchange) from card transactions when members are paying their healthcare claims using a card issued by the Company. |
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Cost of services—The Company incurs cost of services related to servicing member accounts, managing customer and partner relationships, and processing reimbursement claims. Expenditures include personnel-related costs, depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation, common expense allocations, new member and participant supplies and other operating costs of the Company’s related member account servicing departments. Other components of the Company’s cost of services sold include interest paid to members on custodial assets held in trust and card costs incurred in connection with processing card transactions initiated by members. |
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Stock-based compensation—For stock options granted to employees, the Company recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based awards based on the grant date estimated fair value. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense ratably over the requisite service period. The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The determination of fair value for stock-based awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model requires management to make certain assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. |
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Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options granted to non-employees is recognized based on the fair value of the stock options, determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, as they are earned. The awards generally vest over the time period the Company expects to receive services from the non-employee. |
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For awards with performance conditions, we evaluate the probability of achieving the performance criteria and of the number of shares that are expected to vest, and compensation expense is then adjusted to reflect the number of shares expected to vest and the requisite service period. For awards with performance conditions, compensation expense is recognized using the graded-vesting attribution method in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation ("Topic 718"). |
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Upon the exercise of a stock option, common shares are issued from authorized, but not outstanding, common stock. |
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Income tax provision (benefit)—The Company accounts for income taxes and the related accounts under the liability method as set forth in the authoritative guidance for accounting for income taxes. Under this method, current tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the estimated taxes payable or refundable on the tax returns for the current fiscal year. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, for net operating losses, and for tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted statutory tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be realized or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. |
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A valuation allowance is provided for when it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets may not be realized in future years. After weighing both the positive and negative evidence, the Company believes that it is more likely than not that all deferred tax assets will be realized as of January 31, 2015. Based upon the Company’s operating results through January 31, 2013 and an assessment of expected future results of operations, management determined that there was significant positive evidence regarding the realization of the majority of the Company’s U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets. At that time, $7.5 million of the Company’s valuation allowance was released, leaving a valuation allowance of $29,000 remaining related to state net operating losses for which the Company expected no benefit as of January 31, 2013. During the year ended January 31, 2014, the remaining valuation allowance of $29,000 was written-off due to the associated state net operating losses expiring unutilized. The release of the valuation allowance was recorded as a tax benefit on the Company’s consolidated financial statements during the years ended January 31, 2014 and 2013. As of January 31, 2015 and 2014, No valuation allowance remained on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. |
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The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return using a two-step approach. The first step is to evaluate the tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the relevant taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. For tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon audit, the second step is to measure the tax benefit in the financial statements as the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being sustained upon settlement. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of other expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. Significant judgment is required to evaluate uncertain tax positions. Changes in facts and circumstances could have a material impact on the Company’s effective tax rate and results of operations. |
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Comprehensive income—Comprehensive income is defined as a change in equity of a business enterprise during a period, resulting from transactions from non-owner sources. There have been no items qualifying as other comprehensive income and, therefore, for all periods presented, the Company’s comprehensive income was the same as its reported net income. |
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Use of estimates—The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management has made estimates for the allowance for doubtful accounts, capitalized software development costs, evaluating goodwill and long-lived assets for impairment, useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, warrant liability, series D-3 redeemable convertible preferred stock derivative liability, accrued compensation, accrued liabilities, grant date fair value of stock options and income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
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Concentration of market risk—The Company derives a substantial portion of its revenue from providing services for healthcare accounts. A significant downturn in this market or changes in state and/or federal laws impacting the preferential tax treatment of healthcare accounts could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations. For the years ended January 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, no one customer accounted for greater than 10% of revenue or accounts receivable. |
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Concentration of credit risk—Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents in bank and other depository accounts, which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents held in banks as of January 31, 2015 was $111.0 million, of which $500,000 was covered by federal depository insurance. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash. The Company’s accounts receivable balance as of January 31, 2015 was $9.1 million. The Company has not experienced any significant write-offs to accounts receivable and believes that it is not exposed to significant credit risk with respect to accounts receivable. |
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Interest rate risk—The Company has entered into depository agreements with financial institutions for its custodial cash deposits. The contracted interest rates were negotiated at the time the depository agreements were executed. A significant reduction in prevailing interest rates may make it difficult for the Company to continue to place custodial deposits at the current contracted rates. |
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Recent accounting pronouncements—On May 28, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP when it becomes effective. The new standard is effective for our annual and interim reporting periods beginning February 1, 2017. Early application is not permitted. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2014-09 will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The Company has not yet selected a transition method nor determined the effect of the standard on the ongoing financial reporting. |