HealthEquity (HQY) 10-K 30 Mar 23 2023 FY Annual report Financial data

Cover Page

Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Mar. 21, 2023	Jul. 29, 2022
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jan. 31, 2023
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--01-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-36568
Entity Registrant Name	HEALTHEQUITY, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	52-2383166
Entity Address, Address Line One	15 West Scenic Pointe Drive
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 100
Entity Address, City or Town	Draper
Entity Address, State or Province	UT
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	84020
City Area Code	801
Local Phone Number	727-1000
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol	HQY
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 4.3
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		84,784,091
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Portions of the Registrant's definitive proxy statement related to its 2023 annual meeting of stockholders (the "2023 Proxy Statement") are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K where indicated. The 2023 Proxy Statement will be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.
Entity Central Index Key	0001428336
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false

Audit Information

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Name	PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Auditor Location	Salt Lake City, Utah
Auditor Firm ID	238

Consolidated balance sheets

Consolidated balance sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 254,266	$ 225,414
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $4,989 and $6,228 as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively	96,835	87,428
Other current assets	31,792	38,495
Total current assets	382,893	351,337
Property and equipment, net	12,862	23,372
Operating lease right-of-use assets	56,461	63,613
Intangible assets, net	936,359	973,137
Goodwill	1,648,145	1,645,836
Other assets	52,180	49,807
Total assets	3,088,900	3,107,102
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	13,899	27,541
Accrued compensation	45,835	47,136
Accrued liabilities	43,668	57,589
Current portion of long-term debt	17,500	8,750
Operating lease liabilities	10,159	12,171
Total current liabilities	131,061	153,187
Long-term liabilities
Long-term debt, net of issuance costs	907,838	922,077
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	58,988	65,232
Other long-term liabilities	12,708	14,185
Deferred tax liability	82,665	99,846
Total long-term liabilities	1,062,199	1,101,340
Total liabilities	1,193,260	1,254,527
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 7)
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 100,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding as of January 31, 2023 and 2022	0	0
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 900,000 shares authorized, 84,758 and 83,780 shares issued and outstanding as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively	8	8
Additional paid-in capital	1,745,716	1,676,508
Accumulated earnings	149,916	176,059
Total stockholders’ equity	1,895,640	1,852,575
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 3,088,900	$ 3,107,102

Consolidated balance sheets (Pa

Consolidated balance sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Accounts receivable, allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 4,989	$ 6,228
Preferred stock par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value per share (in usd per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	900,000,000	900,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	84,758,000	83,780,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	84,758,000	83,780,000

Consolidated statements of oper

Consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2021
Total revenue	$ 861,748	$ 756,556	$ 733,570
Total cost of revenue	371,657	332,850	318,236
Gross profit	490,091	423,706	415,334
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	68,849	58,605	49,964
Technology and development	193,375	157,364	124,809
General and administrative	95,628	84,379	84,493
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	94,586	82,791	76,064
Merger integration	28,596	64,805	45,990
Total operating expenses	481,034	447,944	381,320
Income (loss) from operations	9,057	(24,238)	34,014
Other expense
Interest expense	(48,424)	(36,572)	(34,881)
Other income (expense), net	1,271	(5,931)	5,007
Total other expense	(47,153)	(42,503)	(29,874)
Income (loss) before income taxes	(38,096)	(66,741)	4,140
Income tax benefit	(11,953)	(22,452)	(4,694)
Net income (loss)	(26,143)	(44,289)	8,834
Comprehensive income (loss)	$ (26,143)	$ (44,289)	$ 8,834
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic (in usd per share)	$ (0.31)	$ (0.53)	$ 0.12
Diluted (in usd per share)	$ (0.31)	$ (0.53)	$ 0.12
Weighted-average number of shares used in computing net income (loss) per share:
Basic (in shares)	84,442	83,133	74,235
Diluted (in shares)	84,442	83,133	75,679
Service revenue
Total revenue	$ 430,196	$ 426,910	$ 430,966
Total cost of revenue	317,360	290,302	280,214
Custodial revenue
Total revenue	283,112	202,817	190,933
Total cost of revenue	29,101	21,867	19,574
Interchange revenue
Total revenue	148,440	126,829	111,671
Total cost of revenue	$ 25,196	$ 20,681	$ 18,448

Consolidated statements of stoc

Consolidated statements of stockholders' equity - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Common stock	Additional paid-in capital	Accumulated earnings
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jan. 31, 2020		71,051
Beginning balance at Jan. 31, 2020	$ 1,030,295	$ 7	$ 818,774	$ 211,514
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options, and for restricted stock (in shares)		827
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options, and for restricted stock	9,956		9,956
Other issuance of common stock (in shares)		5,290
Other issuance of common stock	286,780	$ 1	286,779
Stock-based compensation	42,863		42,863
Net income (loss)	8,834			8,834
Ending balance (in shares) at Jan. 31, 2021		77,168
Ending balance at Jan. 31, 2021	1,378,728	$ 8	1,158,372	220,348
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options, and for restricted stock (in shares)		862
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options, and for restricted stock	8,746		8,746
Other issuance of common stock (in shares)		5,750
Other issuance of common stock	456,640	$ 0	456,640
Stock-based compensation	52,750		52,750
Net income (loss)	(44,289)			(44,289)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jan. 31, 2022		83,780
Ending balance at Jan. 31, 2022	1,852,575	$ 8	1,676,508	176,059
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options, and for restricted stock (in shares)		978
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options, and for restricted stock	6,594		6,594
Stock-based compensation	62,614		62,614
Net income (loss)	(26,143)			(26,143)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jan. 31, 2023		84,758
Ending balance at Jan. 31, 2023	$ 1,895,640	$ 8	$ 1,745,716	$ 149,916

Consolidated statements of cash

Consolidated statements of cash flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$ (26,143)	$ (44,289)	$ 8,834
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	161,201	137,188	115,904
Stock-based compensation	62,614	52,750	42,863
Impairment of right-of-use assets	0	11,246	0
Amortization of debt issuance costs	3,261	4,448	5,102
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0	4,049	0
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	0	(2,147)	0
Gains on equity securities	0	(1,677)	0
Other non-cash items	268	1,232	1,753
Deferred taxes	(17,181)	(23,430)	(5,132)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(9,570)	(11,204)	(413)
Other assets	4,620	7,464	(24,839)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	8,244	15,235	11,150
Accrued compensation	(1,282)	(3,657)	771
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and other current liabilities	(26,673)	(2,178)	30,422
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	(7,232)	(9,412)	(10,803)
Other long-term liabilities	(1,477)	5,377	6,007
Net cash provided by operating activities	150,650	140,995	181,619
Cash flows from investing activities:
Business combinations, net of cash acquired	0	(504,533)	0
Purchases of software and capitalized software development costs	(45,173)	(62,708)	(51,500)
Acquisitions of HSA portfolios	(70,583)	(65,465)	(32,371)
Purchases of property and equipment	(3,371)	(8,908)	(13,093)
Proceeds from sale of equity securities	0	2,367	0
Net cash used in investing activities	(119,127)	(639,247)	(96,964)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Principal payments on long-term debt	(8,750)	(1,003,125)	(239,063)
Proceeds from long-term debt	0	950,000	0
Payment of debt issuance costs	0	(11,920)	0
Proceeds from follow-on equity offering, net of payments for offering costs	0	456,640	286,779
Settlement of client-held funds obligation, net	(603)	(486)	(3,862)
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options	6,682	9,754	8,568
Payment of contingent consideration	0	(6,000)	0
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(2,671)	394,863	52,422
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	28,852	(103,389)	137,077
Beginning cash and cash equivalents	225,414	328,803	191,726
Ending cash and cash equivalents	254,266	225,414	328,803
Supplemental cash flow data:
Interest expense paid in cash	43,570	16,107	27,686
Income tax payments (refunds), net	1,526	(5,632)	(6,022)
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable or accrued liabilities	69	1,414	160
Decrease (increase) in goodwill due to measurement period adjustments, net	(2,309)	19	5,438
Exercise of common stock options receivable	382	470	1,478
Computer software intangible asset
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of intangible assets	3,595	4,640	1,930
Acquired HSA portfolios
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of intangible assets	$ 0	$ 1,692	$ 0

Summary of business and signifi

Summary of business and significant accounting policies	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Summary of business and significant accounting policies	Summary of business and significant accounting policies Business HealthEquity, Inc. ("HealthEquity" or the "Company") was incorporated in the state of Delaware on September 18, 2002. HealthEquity is a leader in administering health savings accounts (“HSAs”) and complementary consumer-directed benefits (“CDBs”), which empower consumers to access tax-advantaged healthcare savings while also providing corporate tax advantages for employers. In February 2006, HealthEquity received designation by the U.S. Department of Treasury to act as a passive non-bank custodian, which allows HealthEquity to hold custodial assets for individual account holders. On July 24, 2017, HealthEquity received designation by the U.S. Department of Treasury to act as both a passive and non-passive non-bank custodian, which allows HealthEquity to hold custodial assets for individual account holders and use discretion to direct investment of such assets held. As a passive and non-passive non-bank custodian according to Treasury Regulations section 1.408-2(e)(5)(ii)(B), the Company must maintain net worth (assets minus liabilities) greater than the sum of 2% of passive custodial funds held at each fiscal year-end and 4% of the non-passive custodial funds held at each fiscal year-end in order to take on additional custodial assets. The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP. The financial statements and notes are representations of the Company's management, which is responsible for their integrity and objectivity. These accounting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and have been consistently applied in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. Principles of consolidation The Company consolidates entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest, which includes all of its wholly owned direct and indirect subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Segments The Company operates in one segment, which reflects the way in which its chief operating decision maker, the Chief Executive Officer, reviews the Company's financial performance and makes decisions about resource allocation. All long-lived assets are maintained in the United States of America. Cash and cash equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents were held in institutions in the U.S. and include deposits in a money market account that was unrestricted as to withdrawal or use. Client-held funds Many of the Company's client services agreements with employers (referred to as "Clients") provide that Clients remit funds to the Company to pre-fund Client and employee participant contributions related to flexible spending accounts and health reimbursement arrangements (“FSAs” and “HRAs,” respectively) and commuter accounts. These Client-held funds remitted to the Company do not represent cash assets of the Company to the extent that they are not combined with corporate cash, and accordingly are not included in cash and cash equivalents on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Accounts receivable Accounts receivable represent monies due to the Company for monthly service revenue, custodial revenue and interchange revenue. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts to reserve for expected credit losses from trade receivables considering past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. In evaluating the Company’s ability to collect outstanding receivable balances, the Company considers various factors including macroeconomic variables, the age of the balance, the creditworthiness of the customer, which is assessed based on ongoing credit evaluations and payment history, and the customer’s current financial condition. Other assets Other assets consist primarily of contract costs, prepaid expenditures, debt issuance costs, income tax receivables, inventories, and various other assets. Amounts expected to be recouped or recognized over a period of twelve months or less have been classified as current in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Leases The Company determines if a contract contains a lease at inception or any modification of the contract. A contract contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a specified period in exchange for consideration. Control over the use of the identified asset means the lessee has both (a) the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset and (b) the right to direct the use of the asset. Leases with an expected term of 12 months or less at commencement are not accounted for on the balance sheet. All operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term. Certain leases also include obligations to pay for non-lease services, such as utilities and common area maintenance. The services are accounted for separately from lease components, and the Company allocates payments to the lease and other services components based on estimated stand-alone prices. Operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the expected lease term at commencement date. As the rate implicit in each lease is not readily determinable, management uses the Company’s incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. Property and equipment Property and equipment, including leasehold improvements, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is determined using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of individual assets. The useful life for leasehold improvements is the shorter of the estimated useful life or the term of the lease ranging from 3-5 years. The useful life used for computing depreciation for all other asset classes is described below: Computer equipment 3-5 years Furniture and fixtures 5 years Maintenance and repairs are expensed when incurred, and improvements that extend the economic useful life of an asset are capitalized. Gains and losses on the disposal of property and equipment are reflected in operating expenses. Intangible assets, net Intangible assets are carried at cost and amortized, typically, on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The useful life used for computing amortization for all intangible asset classes is described below: Software and software development costs 3 years Acquired customer relationships 7-15 years Acquired developed technology 2-5 years Acquired trade names and trademarks 3 years Acquired HSA portfolios 15 years The Company accounts for the costs of computer software developed or obtained for internal use in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350-40, Internal-Use Software . Costs incurred during operation and post-implementation stages are charged to expense. Costs incurred during the application development stage that are directly attributable to developing or obtaining software for internal use are capitalized. Management’s judgment is required in determining the point when various projects enter the stages at which costs may be capitalized, in assessing the ongoing value of the capitalized costs and in determining the estimated useful lives over which the costs are amortized. Acquired customer relationships, developed technology, and trade names and trademarks are valued utilizing the discounted cash flow method, a form of the income approach. The useful lives of acquired customer relationships were estimated based on discount rates and revenue growth rates, net of attrition. The useful lives of developed technology and trade names were estimated based on expected obsolescence. The Company expenses the assets straight-line over the useful lives and determined that this amortization method is appropriate to reflect the pattern over which the economic benefits of these acquired assets are realized. Acquired HSA portfolios consist of the contractual rights to administer the activities related to the individual HSAs acquired. The Company used its HSA customer relationship period assumption and the historical attrition rates of member accounts to determine that an average useful life of 15 years and the use of a straight-line amortization method are appropriate to reflect the pattern over which the economic benefits of existing member assets are realized. The Company reviews identifiable amortizable intangible assets to be held and used for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on the lowest level of identifiable estimated undiscounted cash flows resulting from use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Measurement of any impairment loss is based on the excess of the carrying value of the asset over its fair value. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment annually on January 31 or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset may be impaired. The Company’s impairment tests are based on a single operating segment and reporting unit structure. The goodwill impairment test involves a qualitative assessment to compare a reporting unit's fair value to its carrying value. If it is determined that it is more likely than not that a reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying value, a quantitative comparison is made between the Company's market capitalization and the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge is recognized for the excess of the carrying value of goodwill over its implied fair value. Self-insurance The Company is self-insured for medical insurance up to certain annual stop-loss limits. The Company establishes a liability as of the balance sheet date for claims, both reported and incurred but not reported, using currently available information as well as historical claims experience, and as determined by an independent third party. Other long-term liabilities Other long-term liabilities consists of long-term deferred revenue and other liabilities that the Company does not expect to settle within one year. Revenue recognition The Company recognizes revenue when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to its customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps: • identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer; • identification of the performance obligations in the contract; • determination of the transaction price; • allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and • recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Disaggregation of revenue. The Company's primary sources of revenue are service, custodial, and interchange revenue and are disclosed in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). All of the Company's sources of revenue are deemed to be revenue contracts with customers. Each revenue source is affected differently by economic factors as it relates to the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty. Costs to obtain a contract. ASC 606, Revenue from contracts with customers , requires capitalizing the costs of obtaining a contract when those costs are expected to be recovered. In order to determine the amortization period for sales commissions contract costs, the Company applied the portfolio approach. Accordingly, the amortization period of the assets has been determined to be the average economic life of an HSA or other CDB relationship, which is estimated to be 15 years and 7 years, respectively. Amortization of capitalized sales commission contract costs is included in sales and marketing expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The Company has applied the practical expedient which allows an entity to account for incremental costs of obtaining a contract at a portfolio level. The Company has also applied the practical expedient to recognize incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period would have been one year or less. Performance obligations. ASC 606 requires disclosure of the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations; however, as permitted by ASC 606, the Company has elected to exclude from this disclosure any contracts with an original duration of one year or less and any variable consideration that meets specified criteria. Service revenue. The Company administers its platforms, prepares statements, provides a mechanism for spending funds, and provides customer support services. All of these services are consumed as they are received. The Company recognizes service revenue, in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services, on a monthly basis as it satisfies its performance obligations. Custodial revenue. The Company earns custodial revenue primarily from HSA assets deposited with depository partners or placed in group annuity contracts or similar arrangements with insurance company partners, recordkeeping fees earned in respect of mutual funds in which HSA members invest, and Client-held funds deposited with depository partners. In addition, once a member’s HSA cash balance reaches a certain threshold, the member is able to invest his or her HSA assets in mutual funds through a custodial investment partner, from which the Company earns a recordkeeping fee, calculated as a percentage of custodial investments. The deposit of funds represents a service that is simultaneously received and consumed by the depository partners, insurance company partners, and investment partner. The Company recognizes custodial revenue each month, in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to be entitled to in exchange for the service. Interchange revenue. The Company satisfies its interchange performance obligation each time payments are made with its cards via payment networks. The Company recognizes interchange revenue, in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to be entitled to in exchange for the service, in the month the payment transaction occurs. Contract balances. The Company does not recognize revenue until its right to consideration is unconditional and therefore has no related contract assets. The Company records a receivable when revenue is recognized prior to payment and the Company has unconditional right to payment. Alternatively, when payment precedes the related services, the Company records a contract liability, or deferred revenue, until its performance obligations are satisfied. Significant judgments. The Company makes no significant judgments in determining the amount or timing of revenue recognition. The Company has estimated the average economic life of an HSA or CDB member relationship, which has been determined to be the amortization period for the capitalized sales commissions contract costs. Cost of revenue The Company incurs cost of revenue related to servicing member accounts, managing customer and partner relationships, and processing reimbursement claims. Expenditures include personnel-related costs, depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation, common expense allocations, new member and participant supplies, and other operating costs of the member account servicing departments. Other components of the Company’s cost of revenue include interest retained by members on custodial assets held and interchange costs incurred in connection with processing card transactions initiated by members. Stock-based compensation The Company grants stock-based awards, which consist of stock options and restricted stock units ("RSUs"), to certain team members, executive officers, and directors. Historically, the Company also granted restricted stock awards ("RSAs"). The Company recognizes compensation expense for stock-based awards based on the grant date estimated fair value. Expense for stock-based awards is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period and is reversed as pre-vesting forfeitures occur. The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The determination of fair value for stock options on the date of grant using an option pricing model requires management to make certain assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. The fair value of RSUs is based on the current value of the Company's closing stock price on the date of grant less the present value of future expected dividends discounted at the risk-free interest rate. For stock-based awards with performance conditions, the Company evaluates the probability of achieving the performance criteria and of the number of shares that are expected to vest, and compensation expense is then adjusted to reflect the number of shares expected to vest and the requisite service period. For awards with performance conditions, compensation expense is recognized using the graded-vesting attribution method in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation ("Topic 718"). Compensation expense related to stock-based awards with market conditions is recorded on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period regardless of whether the market condition is satisfied. Upon the exercise of a stock option or release of an RSU, common shares are issued from authorized, but not outstanding, common stock. Interest expense Interest expense primarily consists of accrued interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs associated with long-term debt. Income tax benefit The Company accounts for income taxes and the related accounts under the asset and liability method as set forth in ASC 740, Income Taxes . Under this method, current tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the estimated taxes payable or refundable on the tax returns for the current fiscal year. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, for net operating losses, and for tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted statutory tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be realized or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of changes in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is provided for when it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets may not be realized in future years. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return using a two-step approach. The first step is to evaluate the tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the relevant taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. For tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon audit, the second step is to measure the tax benefit in the financial statements as the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being sustained upon settlement. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Changes in facts and circumstances could have a material impact on the Company’s effective tax rate and results of operations. Asset acquisitions The Company routinely acquires rights to be the custodian of HSA portfolios, in which substantially all of the fair value of the gross portfolio assets acquired is concentrated in a group of similar HSA assets and therefore the acquisitions do not constitute a business. Accordingly, the acquisitions are accounted for under the asset acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805-50, Business Combinations—Related Issues . Under the asset acquisition method of accounting, the Company is required to fair value the assets transferred. The cost of the assets acquired, including transaction costs incurred in conjunction with an asset acquisition, is allocated to the individual assets acquired based on their relative fair values and does not give rise to goodwill. Business combinations Consideration paid for the acquisition of a business as defined by ASC 805-10 is allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values as of the acquisition date. Acquisition-related expenses incurred in conjunction with the acquisition of a business are recognized in earnings in the period in which they are incurred and are included in other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Use of estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management has made estimates for the allowance for doubtful accounts, capitalized software development costs, evaluating goodwill and long-lived assets for impairment, useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, accrued compensation, accrued liabilities, grant date fair value of stock options and performance restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, and income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Recently adopted accounting pronouncements None. Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted None.

Net income (loss) per share

Net income (loss) per share	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income (loss) per share	Net income (loss) per share The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share: Year ended January 31, (in thousands, except per share data) 2023 2022 2021 Numerator (basic and diluted): Net income (loss) $ (26,143) $ (44,289) $ 8,834 Denominator (basic): Weighted-average common shares outstanding 84,442 83,133 74,235 Denominator (diluted): Weighted-average common shares outstanding 84,442 83,133 74,235 Weighted-average dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units — — 1,444 Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding 84,442 83,133 75,679 Net income (loss) per share: Basic $ (0.31) $ (0.53) $ 0.12 Diluted $ (0.31) $ (0.53) $ 0.12

Business combinations

Business combinations	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Business combinations	Business combinations Luum acquisition On March 8, 2021, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding capital stock of Fort Effect Corp, d/b/a Luum (the "Luum Acquisition"). The aggregate purchase price for the acquisition consisted of $56.2 million in cash, which reflects a $2.1 million reduction in the fair value of contingent consideration during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022. The Luum Acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. The consideration paid was allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values as of the acquisition date. The initial allocation of the consideration paid was based on a preliminary valuation and was subject to adjustment during the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date). The purchase price allocation was finalized during the three months ended April 30, 2022. The following table summarizes the Company's allocation of the consideration paid: (in thousands) Estimated fair value Adjustments Updated Allocation Cash and cash equivalents $ 626 $ — $ 626 Other current assets 1,469 — 1,469 Intangible assets 23,900 — 23,900 Goodwill 36,374 (19) 36,355 Other assets 100 — 100 Current liabilities (597) — (597) Deferred tax liability (3,566) 19 (3,547) Total consideration paid $ 58,306 $ — $ 58,306 The adjustments to the initial allocation were based on more detailed information obtained about the specific assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and tax-related matters. Further acquisition On November 1, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of the Further business (other than Further's voluntary employee beneficiary association business) for $455 million (the "Further Acquisition"). The Further Acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. The consideration paid was allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values as of the acquisition date. The initial allocation of the consideration paid was based on a preliminary valuation and was subject to adjustment during the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date). The purchase price allocation was finalized during the three months ended January 31, 2023. The following table summarizes the Company's allocation of the consideration paid: (in thousands) Estimated fair value Adjustments Updated Allocation Current assets $ 2,667 $ (163) $ 2,504 Intangible assets 172,183 — 172,183 Goodwill 282,287 2,309 284,596 Current liabilities (2,137) (2,146) (4,283) Total consideration paid $ 455,000 $ — $ 455,000 The adjustments to the initial allocation were based on more detailed information obtained about the specific assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and tax-related matters.

Supplemental financial statemen

Supplemental financial statement information	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Supplemental financial statement information	Supplemental financial statement information Selected consolidated balance sheet and consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) components consist of the following: Allowance for doubtful accounts As of January 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had an allowance for doubtful accounts of $5.0 million and $6.2 million, respectively. During the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company recorded credit losses from trade receivables of $2.1 million, $3.3 million, and $3.4 million, respectively. Prepaid expenses As of January 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had prepaid expenses of $20.1 million and $20.6 million, respectively, which are included within other current assets on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Costs to obtain a contract As of January 31, 2023 and 2022, the net amount capitalized as contract costs was $44.0 million and $39.3 million, respectively, which is included in other current assets and other assets. Amortization of capitalized contract costs during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $4.4 million, $4.3 million, and $2.4 million, respectively. Property and equipment Property and equipment consisted of the following as of January 31, 2023 and 2022: (in thousands) January 31, 2023 January 31, 2022 Leasehold improvements $ 18,269 $ 18,573 Furniture and fixtures 8,392 8,417 Computer equipment 28,021 31,982 Property and equipment, gross 54,682 58,972 Accumulated depreciation (41,820) (35,600) Property and equipment, net $ 12,862 $ 23,372 Depreciation expense for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $12.3 million, $14.7 million and $16.0 million, respectively. Contract balances As of January 31, 2023 and 2022, the balance of deferred revenue was $8.3 million and $10.5 million, respectively. The balances are related to cash received in advance for interchange and custodial revenue arrangements, other up-front fees and other commuter deferred revenue. The Company expects to recognize approximately 58% of its balance of deferred revenue as revenue over the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter. Amounts expected to be recognized as revenue within a period of twelve months or less are classified as accrued liabilities in the Company's consolidated balance sheets, with the remainder included within other long-term liabilities. Revenue recognized during the fiscal year that was included in the beginning balance of deferred revenue was $4.9 million. The Company expects to satisfy its remaining obligations for these arrangements. Other income (expense), net Other income (expense), net, consisted of the following: Year ended January 31, (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Interest income $ 1,763 $ 1,501 $ 1,045 Gain on equity securities — 1,692 — Acquisition costs (53) (10,832) (1,118) Other income (expense) (439) 1,708 5,080 Total other income (expense), net $ 1,271 $ (5,931) $ 5,007 Interest expense Based on the application of ASC 470-50, Debt - Modifications and Extinguishments, the Company recorded a $4.0 million loss on extinguishment of debt during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022, which is included within interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022.

Leases

Leases	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Leases	Leases The Company has entered into various non-cancelable operating lease agreements for office space, data storage facilities, and other leases with remaining lease terms of less than 1 year to approximately 8 years, often with one or more Company options to renew. These renewal terms can extend the lease term from 2 to 10 years and are included in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise the option. The components of operating lease costs were as follows: Year ended January 31, (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Operating lease expense $ 11,371 $ 14,762 $ 16,073 Sublease income (2,187) (1,836) (1,799) Net operating lease cost $ 9,184 $ 12,926 $ 14,274 Weighted average lease term and discount rate were as follows: January 31, 2023 January 31, 2022 Weighted average remaining lease term 7.53 years 8.32 years Weighted average discount rate 4.31 % 4.29 % Lease liabilities were as follows: (in thousands) January 31, 2023 January 31, 2022 Gross lease liabilities $ 81,313 $ 92,529 Less: imputed interest (12,166) (15,126) Present value of lease liabilities 69,147 77,403 Less: current portion of lease liabilities (10,159) (12,171) Lease liabilities, non-current $ 58,988 $ 65,232 As of January 31, 2023, the Company had additional operating leases for office space that had not yet commenced with aggregate undiscounted lease payments of $3.2 million. The operating leases will commence during fiscal years 2024 and 2025 and have lease terms of approximately 7 to 8 years. Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company's operating leases was as follows: Year ended January 31, (in thousands) 2023 2022 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 12,533 $ 14,742 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations $ 1,092 $ 586 During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022, the Company recorded impairment losses on right-of-use assets of $11.2 million, which are included within merger integration expense in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The impairment losses related primarily to a right-of-use asset acquired through the acquisition of the Company's wholly owned subsidiary WageWorks, Inc. ("WageWorks"), which had a carrying value of $14.8 million prior to impairment and no corresponding lease liability. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022, the right-of-use asset met the criteria to be classified as held-for-sale and an impairment loss of $10.9 million was recognized. The remaining carrying value of $3.9 million was included within other current assets on the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2022. On March 24, 2022, the Company completed the sale of the asset for $3.9 million.

Intangible assets and goodwill

Intangible assets and goodwill	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Intangible assets and goodwill	Intangible assets and goodwill Intangible assets The gross carrying amount and associated accumulated amortization of intangible assets were as follows: January 31, 2023 (in thousands) Gross carrying amount Accumulated amortization Net carrying amount Amortizable intangible assets: Software and software development costs $ 233,194 $ (152,178) $ 81,016 Acquired HSA portfolios 261,188 (63,547) 197,641 Acquired customer relationships 759,782 (153,434) 606,348 Acquired developed technology 132,825 (81,692) 51,133 Acquired trade names 12,900 (12,679) 221 Total amortizable intangible assets $ 1,399,889 $ (463,530) $ 936,359 January 31, 2022 (in thousands) Gross carrying amount Accumulated amortization Net carrying amount Amortizable intangible assets: Software and software development costs $ 192,050 $ (99,952) $ 92,098 Acquired HSA portfolios 192,298 (46,603) 145,695 Acquired customer relationships 759,781 (101,741) 658,040 Acquired developed technology 132,825 (58,334) 74,491 Acquired trade names 12,900 (10,087) 2,813 Total amortizable intangible assets $ 1,289,854 $ (316,717) $ 973,137 During the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company capitalized $68.9 million and $67.2 million, respectively, to acquire the rights to act as a custodian of HSA portfolios. Amortization expense for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $148.9 million, $122.5 million and $99.9 million, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for the fiscal years ending January 31 is as follows: Year ending January 31, (in thousands) 2024 $ 139,225 2025 112,377 2026 83,960 2027 72,045 2028 67,324 Thereafter 461,428 Total $ 936,359 Goodwill The Company’s annual goodwill impairment test resulted in no impairment charges in any of the periods presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023, goodwill increased by $2.3 million due to measurement period adjustments associated with the Further Acquisition. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022, goodwill increased by $318.6 million due to the acquisitions of Luum and Further and associated measurement period adjustments. There were no other changes to the goodwill carrying value during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022.

Commitments and contingencies

Commitments and contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and contingencies	Commitments and contingencies Commitments The following table summarizes the payments due by fiscal year for the Company's outstanding contractual obligations as of January 31, 2023: Payments due by fiscal year (in thousands) 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Total 4.50% Senior Notes due 2029 (1) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 600,000 $ 600,000 Term Loan Facility (1) 17,500 17,500 26,250 280,000 — — 341,250 Interest on long-term debt obligations (2) 48,320 47,256 45,819 38,411 27,000 45,000 251,806 Operating lease obligations (3) 10,443 10,877 11,094 11,344 11,600 29,058 84,416 Other contractual obligations (4) 25,798 16,690 12,584 5,505 6,501 — 67,078 Total $ 102,061 $ 92,323 $ 95,747 $ 335,260 $ 45,101 $ 674,058 $ 1,344,550 (1) As of January 31, 2023, the outstanding combined principal of $941.3 million is presented net of debt issuance costs on the consolidated balance sheets. The debt issuance costs are not included in the table above. (2) Estimated interest payments assume the stated interest rates applicable to the Notes and Term Loan Facility as of January 31, 2023, which were 4.50% and 6.31% per annum, respectively. (3) The Company leases office space and data storage facilities, and has other non-cancelable operating leases expiring at various dates through 2030. These amounts exclude contractual sublease income of $0.9 million, which is expected to be received through May 2027. (4) Other contractual obligations consist of processing services agreements, software subscriptions, telephony services, and other contractual commitments. Contingencies In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide for general indemnifications. The Company’s exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future but have not yet been made. The Company accrues a liability for such matters when it is probable that future expenditures will be made and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated. Legal matters In April 2021, WageWorks exercised its right to terminate a lease for office space in Mesa, Arizona that had not yet commenced, with aggregate lease payments of $63.1 million and a term of approximately 11 years, following the landlord's failure to fulfill its obligations under the lease agreement. Because the lease had not yet commenced, the Company had not recognized a right-of-use asset, operating lease liability, or any rent expense associated with the lease. WageWorks' right to terminate the lease agreement was disputed by the landlord, Union Mesa 1, LLC (“Union Mesa”). On November 5, 2021, Union Mesa notified WageWorks that it was in default of the lease for failure to pay rent, which Union Mesa claimed was due beginning in November 2021, and on November 24, 2021 drew $2.8 million, the full amount under the letter of credit that WageWorks had posted to secure its obligations under the lease. The Company recorded the $2.8 million draw as merger integration expense in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss). On December 1, 2021, WageWorks filed a lawsuit against Union Mesa in the Superior Court of the State of Arizona in and for the County of Maricopa. On January 4, 2022, WageWorks filed an amended complaint in the Superior Court. Pursuant to the lawsuit, WageWorks seeks declaratory judgment that the lease was properly terminated and recourse against Union Mesa for breach of contract, breach of the duty of good faith and fair dealing, and conversion, including return of the funds drawn under the letter of credit. On January 31, 2022, Union Mesa filed a motion to dismiss for the conversion cause of action, which the Superior Court denied on April 13, 2022. On May 18, 2022, Union Mesa filed an answer and counterclaim with the Superior Court, wherein Union Mesa denied WageWorks' claims, and separately seeks recourse against WageWorks for breach of contract and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. On May 19, 2022, Union Mesa filed an amended complaint and counterclaim seeking the same recourse. On June 29, 2022, Union Mesa filed a second amended answer and counterclaim, which names the Company as a counter-defendant. On July 21, 2022, WageWorks and the Company filed an answer to the counterclaims. The parties are currently engaged in discovery. The Company and its subsidiaries are involved in various other litigation, governmental proceedings and claims, not described above, that arise in the normal course of business. It is not possible to determine the ultimate outcome or the duration of such litigation, governmental proceedings or claims, or the impact that such litigation, proceedings and claims will have on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. As required under GAAP, the Company records a provision for contingent losses when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Based on currently available information, the Company does not believe that any liabilities relating to these matters are probable or that the amount of any resulting loss is estimable. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties and the Company’s view of these matters may change in the future. Were an unfavorable outcome to occur, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the period in which the unfavorable outcome occurs, and potentially in future periods.

Indebtedness

Indebtedness	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Indebtedness	Indebtedness Long-term debt consisted of the following: (in thousands) January 31, 2023 January 31, 2022 4.50% Senior Notes due 2029 $ 600,000 $ 600,000 Term Loan Facility 341,250 350,000 Principal amount 941,250 950,000 Less: unamortized discount and issuance costs (1) 15,912 19,173 Total debt, net 925,338 930,827 Less: current portion of long-term debt 17,500 8,750 Long-term debt, net $ 907,838 $ 922,077 (1) In addition to the $15.9 million and $19.2 million of unamortized discount and issuance costs related to long-term debt as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, $3.4 million and $4.4 million of unamortized issuance costs related to the Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below) are included within other assets on the consolidated balance sheets as of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2022, respectively. 4.50% Senior Notes due 2029 On October 8, 2021, the Company completed its offering of $600.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 4.50% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “Notes”). The Notes were issued under an indenture (the “Indenture”), dated October 8, 2021, among the Company, the guarantors party thereto, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee. The Notes are guaranteed by each of the Company’s existing, wholly owned domestic subsidiaries that guarantees its obligations under the Credit Agreement (as defined below) and are required to be guaranteed by any of the Company’s future subsidiaries that guarantee its obligations under the Credit Agreement or certain of its other indebtedness. The Notes will mature on October 1, 2029. Interest on the Notes is payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year. As of January 31, 2023, the balance of accrued interest on the Notes was $9.0 million, which is included within accrued liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The effective interest rate on the Notes is 4.72%. The Notes are unsecured senior obligations of the Company and rank equally in right of payment to all of its existing and future senior unsecured debt and senior in right of payment to all of its future subordinated debt. The Notes are redeemable at the Company’s option, in whole or in part, at any time on or after October 1, 2024, at a redemption price if redeemed during the 12 months beginning (i) October 1, 2024 of 102.250%, (ii) October 1, 2025 of 101.125%, and (iii) October 1, 2026 and thereafter of 100.000%, in each case of the principal amount of the Notes being redeemed, and together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the date of redemption. The Company may also redeem some or all of the Notes before October 1, 2024 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes, plus the applicable “make-whole” premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the date of redemption. In addition, at any time prior to October 1, 2024, the Company may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes issued under the Indenture on one or more occasions in an aggregate amount equal to the net cash proceeds of one or more equity offerings at a redemption price equal to 104.500% of the principal amount of the Notes redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the date of redemption. Furthermore, the Company may be required to make an offer to purchase the Notes upon the sale of certain assets or upon specific kinds of changes of control. The Indenture contains covenants that impose significant operational and financial restrictions on the Company; however, these covenants generally align with the covenants contained in the Credit Agreement. See "Credit Agreement" below for a description of these covenants. Credit Agreement On October 8, 2021, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) among the Company, as borrower, each lender from time to time party thereto (the “Lenders”), JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and the Swing Line Lender (as defined in the Credit Agreement), and each L/C Issuer (as defined therein) party thereto, pursuant to which the Company established: (i) a five-year senior secured term loan A facility (the “Term Loan Facility”), in an aggregate principal amount of $350.0 million; and (ii) a five-year senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility” and, together with the Term Loan Facility, the “Credit Facilities”), in an aggregate principal amount of up to $1.0 billion (with a $25 million sub-limit for the issuance of letters of credit), the proceeds of which may be used for working capital and general corporate purposes of the Company and its subsidiaries, including the financing of acquisitions and other investments. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement (including obtaining additional commitments from one or more new or existing lenders), the Company may in the future incur additional loans or commitments under the Credit Agreement in an aggregate principal amount of up to $300 million, plus an additional amount so long as the Company’s pro forma First Lien Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) would not exceed 3.85 to 1.00 as of the date such loans or commitments are incurred. Borrowings under the Credit Facilities bear interest at an annual rate equal to, at the option of the Company, either (i) LIBOR (adjusted for reserves) plus a margin ranging from 1.25% to 2.25% or (ii) an alternate base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 1.25%, with the applicable margin determined by reference to a leverage-based pricing grid set forth in the Credit Agreement. As of January 31, 2023, the stated interest rate was 6.31% and the effective interest rate was 7.14%. The Company is also required to pay certain fees to the Lenders, including, among others, a quarterly commitment fee on the average unused amount of the Revolving Credit Facility at a rate ranging from 0.20% to 0.40%, with the applicable rate also determined by reference to a leverage-based pricing grid set forth in the Credit Agreement. As of January 31, 2023, no amounts have been drawn under the Revolving Credit Facility. The loans made under the Term Loan Facility amortize in equal quarterly installments in an aggregate annual amount equal to the following percentage of the original principal amount of the Term Loan Facility: (i) 2.5% for the first year after October 8, 2021; (ii) 5.0% for each of the second and third years after October 8, 2021; (iii) 7.5% for the fourth year after October 8, 2021; and (iv) 10.0% for the fifth year after October 8, 2021. In addition, the Term Loan Facility is required to be mandatorily prepaid with 100% of the net cash proceeds of all asset sales, insurance and condemnation recoveries, subject to customary exceptions and thresholds, including to the extent such proceeds are reinvested in assets useful in the business of the Company and its subsidiaries within 450 days following receipt (or committed to be reinvested within such 450-day period and reinvested within 180 days after the end of such 450-day period). The loans under the Credit Facilities may be prepaid, and the commitments thereunder may be reduced, by the Company without penalty or premium, subject to the reimbursement of customary “breakage costs.” The Credit Agreement contains significant, customary affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants that limit, among other things, the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness, create liens, merge or dissolve, make investments, dispose of assets, engage in sale and leaseback transactions, make distributions and dividends and prepayments of junior indebtedness, engage in transactions with affiliates, enter into restrictive agreements, amend documentation governing junior indebtedness, modify its fiscal year and modify its organizational documents, in each case, subject to customary exceptions, thresholds, qualifications and “baskets.” In addition, the Credit Agreement contains financial performance covenants, which require the Company to maintain (i) a maximum total net leverage ratio, measured as of the last day of each fiscal quarter, of no greater than 5.00 to 1.00 and (ii) a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio, measured as of the last day of each fiscal quarter, of no less than 3.00 to 1.00. The Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement as of January 31, 2023, and for the period then ended. The repayment obligation under the Credit Agreement may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an event of default thereunder, including, among other things, failure to pay principal, interest or fees on a timely basis, material inaccuracy of any representation or warranty, failure to comply with covenants, cross-default to other material debt, material judgments, change of control and certain insolvency or bankruptcy-related events, in each case, subject to any certain grace and/or cure periods. The obligations of the Company under the Credit Agreement are required to be unconditionally guaranteed by each of the Company’s existing or subsequently acquired or organized domestic subsidiaries and are secured by security interests in substantially all assets of the Company and the guarantors, in each case, subject to certain customary exceptions.

Income taxes

Income taxes	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income taxes	Income taxes The income tax benefit consisted of the following: Year ended January 31, (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Current: Federal $ 3,260 $ 628 $ 181 State 1,968 239 258 Total current tax provision $ 5,228 $ 867 $ 439 Deferred: Federal $ (14,382) $ (21,197) $ (1,630) State (2,799) (2,122) (3,503) Total deferred tax benefit $ (17,181) $ (23,319) $ (5,133) Total income tax benefit $ (11,953) $ (22,452) $ (4,694) Total income tax benefit differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to income before income taxes as a result of the following: Year ended January 31, (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Federal income tax provision (benefit) at the statutory rate $ (8,000) $ (14,016) $ 869 State income tax benefit, net of federal tax provision (benefit) (1,021) (3,733) (99) Other non-deductible or non-taxable items, net 225 (165) 469 Excessive employee remuneration 3,246 1,214 1,186 Excess tax benefits on stock-based compensation expense, net (2,479) (5,098) (2,983) Federal research and development credits (1,341) (4,218) (2,195) Change in uncertain tax position reserves, net of indirect benefits (2,970) 836 511 Reclassification of operating lease right-of-use assets — — 185 Change in net operating losses due to measurement period adjustments — — 377 Deferred tax rate adjustment due to merger integration — 725 (1,814) Return-to-provision adjustments (38) (810) (1,010) Change in valuation allowance 733 3,457 (145) Other items, net (308) (644) (45) Total income tax benefit $ (11,953) $ (22,452) $ (4,694) The Company’s effective income tax benefit rate for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was 31.4%, 33.6%, and 113.4%, respectively. The difference between the effective income tax rate and the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate each period is impacted by a number of factors, including the relative mix of earnings among state jurisdictions, credits, excess tax benefits or shortfalls on stock-based compensation expense, changes in valuation allowance, and other items. The decrease in the effective tax benefit rate for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022 was primarily due to a decrease in benefit for state income taxes, a decrease in research and development tax credits, a decrease in excess tax benefits on stock-based compensation expense, and an increase in nondeductible executive compensation relative to pre-tax book loss, partially offset by a release of uncertain tax positions and a smaller change in valuation allowance. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022 compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021 was primarily due to the impact of tax benefit items, such as stock-based compensation expense, credits, and changes to the valuation allowance, relative to the larger pre-tax book loss and smaller pre-tax book income, respectively. Deferred tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following: (in thousands) January 31, 2023 January 31, 2022 Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carryforward $ 2,646 $ 5,542 Stock compensation 16,217 14,778 Research and development credits 7,147 13,351 Lease liabilities 17,337 19,356 Capitalized research and development 16,419 — Accruals and reserves 4,439 7,729 Other, net 5,643 3,728 Total gross deferred tax assets $ 69,848 $ 64,484 Less valuation allowance (4,294) (3,561) Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance 65,554 60,923 Deferred tax liabilities: Fixed assets (1,509) (1,862) Intangible assets (99,471) (119,048) Incremental contract costs (11,118) (9,585) Right-of-use assets (14,132) (16,923) Goodwill (20,271) (11,481) Other, net (1,718) (1,870) Total gross deferred tax liabilities (148,219) (160,769) Net deferred tax liability $ (82,665) $ (99,846) The impact of Internal Revenue Code Section 174 changes requiring capitalization of software development costs pursuant to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 resulted in higher current income tax payable and significant utilization of net operating loss and research and development tax credit deferred tax assets for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023. Management considered whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets would be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considered the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities in making this assessment and determined that based on the weight of all available evidence, it is more likely than not (i.e., a likelihood of more than 50%) that the Company will be able to realize all of its federal deferred tax assets and the majority if its state deferred tax assets. The Company recorded a valuation allowance of $4.3 million and $3.6 million as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to certain state deferred tax assets. The $0.7 million increase in valuation allowance recorded is primarily the result of state research and development tax credits that are not expected to be utilized before expiration. As of January 31, 2023, the Company had recorded state net operating loss carryforwards of $43.1 million, which begin to expire at various intervals following the tax year ending January 31, 2031. As of January 31, 2023, the Company also had federal and state research and development credits of $2.4 million and $10.8 million, respectively, which begin to expire following the tax years ending January 31, 2032 and 2024, respectively. As of January 31, 2023 and 2022, the gross unrecognized tax benefit was $8.7 million and $11.7 million, respectively. If recognized, $5.4 million and $10.8 million of the total unrecognized tax benefits would affect the Company's effective tax rate as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Total gross unrecognized tax benefits decreased by $3.0 million in the period from January 31, 2022 to January 31, 2023. A tabular reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits, including the impact of purchase accounting from the Luum Acquisition, is as follows: (in thousands) January 31, 2023 January 31, 2022 Gross unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year $ 11,653 $ 10,206 Gross amounts of increases and decreases: Purchase accounting adjustments — 240 Increases as a result of tax positions taken during a prior period — 38 Decreases as a result of tax positions taken during a prior period (183) — Increases as a result of tax positions taken during the current period 639 1,169 Decreases resulting from the lapse of the applicable statute of limitations (3,419) — Gross unrecognized tax benefits at end of year $ 8,690 $ 11,653 Certain unrecognized tax benefits are required to be netted against their related deferred tax assets as a result of Accounting Standards Update 2013-11, Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists . The resulting unrecognized tax benefit recorded within the Company's consolidated balance sheet excludes the following amounts that have been netted against the related deferred tax assets accordingly: (in thousands) January 31, 2023 January 31, 2022 Total gross unrecognized tax benefits $ 8,690 $ 11,653 Amounts netted against related deferred tax assets (4,337) (7,097) Unrecognized tax benefits recorded on the consolidated balance sheet $ 4,353 $ 4,556 The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of other income (expense), net in the statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss). During the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company recorded penalties and interest of $0.4 million, $0.7 million, and $0.2 million, respectively, related to unrecognized tax benefits. As of January 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded accrued interest and penalties of $1.3 million and $1.5 million, respectively. The Company files income tax returns with U.S. federal and state taxing jurisdictions and is currently under examination by the IRS and the state of Texas. These examinations may lead to ordinary course adjustments or proposed adjustments to the Company's taxes, net operating losses, and/or tax credit carryforwards. As a result of the Company's net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards, the Company remains subject to examination by one or more jurisdictions for tax years after 2003.

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensation	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation The following table shows a summary of stock-based compensation in the Company's consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) during the fiscal years presented: Year ended January 31, (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Cost of revenue $ 14,426 $ 11,258 $ 7,996 Sales and marketing 9,821 7,001 6,986 Technology and development 13,828 13,132 10,772 General and administrative 24,539 21,359 17,109 Other expense, net — 342 — Total stock-based compensation expense $ 62,614 $ 53,092 $ 42,863 The following table shows stock-based compensation by award type: Year ended January 31, (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Stock options $ 882 $ 1,816 $ 4,499 Restricted stock units 46,590 37,693 28,040 Performance restricted stock units 15,120 12,948 6,270 Restricted stock awards 22 155 1,335 Performance restricted stock awards — 138 2,719 Total non-cash stock-based compensation expense 62,614 52,750 42,863 Acquisition awards exchanged for cash — 342 — Total stock-based compensation expense $ 62,614 $ 53,092 $ 42,863 Stock award plans Incentive Plan. The Company grants stock options and restricted stock units ("RSUs") under the HealthEquity, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended and restated, the "Incentive Plan"), which provided for the issuance of stock awards to the directors and team members of the Company to purchase up to an aggregate of 2.6 million shares of common stock. Historically, the Company also granted restricted stock awards ("RSAs") under the Incentive Plan. In addition, under the Incentive Plan, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the Incentive Plan automatically increases on February 1 of each year, beginning as of February 1, 2015 and continuing through and including February 1, 2024, by 3% of the total number of shares of the Company’s capital stock outstanding on January 31 of the preceding fiscal year, or a lesser number of shares determined by the board of directors. As of January 31, 2023, 9.6 million shares were available for grant under the Incentive Plan. Stock options Under the terms of the Incentive Plan, the Company has the ability to grant incentive and nonqualified stock options. Incentive stock options may be granted only to Company team members. Nonqualified stock options may be granted to Company executive officers, other team members, directors and consultants. Such options are to be exercisable at prices, as determined by the board of directors, which must be equal to no less than the fair value of the Company's common stock at the date of the grant. Stock options granted under the Incentive Plan generally expire 10 years from the date of issuance or are forfeited 90 days after termination of employment. Shares of common stock underlying stock options that are forfeited or that expire are returned to the Incentive Plan. Valuation assumptions. The Company has adopted the provisions of Topic 718, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation for all stock-based awards made to team members and directors, based on estimated fair values. Under Topic 718, the Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model as the method of valuation for stock options. The determination of the fair value of stock-based awards on the date of grant is affected by the fair value of the stock as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. The variables include, but are not limited to, (1) the expected life of the option, (2) the expected volatility of the fair value of the Company's common stock over the term of the award estimated by averaging the Company's historical volatility in addition to published volatilities of a relative peer group, (3) risk-free interest rate, and (4) expected dividends. No options were granted during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022. The weighted-average fair value of options granted during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021 was $23.68 per share. The key input assumptions utilized in the valuation of the stock options were as follows: Year ended January 31, 2023 2022 2021 Expected dividend yield n/a n/a 0% Expected stock price volatility n/a n/a 37.97% Risk-free interest rate n/a n/a 1.39% Expected life of options n/a n/a 5.18 years Expected volatility was determined using a weighted average volatility of publicly traded peer companies and the Company's own historical volatility. The risk-free interest rate was determined by using published zero coupon rates on treasury notes for each grant date given the expected term on the options. The dividend yield of zero was based on the fact that the Company had no current plans to pay dividends on its common stock. A summary of stock option activity is as follows: Outstanding stock options (in thousands, except for exercise prices and term) Number of Range of Weighted- Weighted- Aggregate Outstanding as of January 31, 2022 1,232 $1.25 - 82.39 $ 35.64 4.2 $ 25,719 Exercised (203) $1.25 - 59.63 $ 32.56 Forfeited (8) $25.45 - 73.61 $ 60.84 Outstanding as of January 31, 2023 1,021 $14.00 - 82.39 $ 36.06 3.2 $ 27,293 Vested and expected to vest as of January 31, 2023 1,021 $ 36.06 3.2 $ 27,293 Exercisable as of January 31, 2023 1,001 $ 35.29 3.1 $ 27,293 The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the difference between the estimated fair value of common stock and the exercise price of outstanding, in-the-money stock options. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $7.2 million, $19.3 million, and $15.4 million, respectively. As of January 31, 2023, the weighted-average vesting period of non-vested options expected to vest was approximately 0.2 years, and the amount of compensation expense the Company expects to recognize for stock options vesting in future periods was $0.1 million. Restricted stock units The Company grants RSUs to certain team members, officers, and directors under the Incentive Plan, which vest upon service-based criteria and performance-based criteria. The weighted-average fair value of RSUs granted during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $75.64, $64.87 and $56.93 per share, respectively. Service-based restricted stock units. Generally, service-based RSUs granted prior to March 2022 vest over a four-year period in equal annual installments commencing upon the first anniversary of the grant date. Service-based RSUs granted in March 2022 or later generally vest 25% on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date, which is generally the first day of the fiscal quarter of the grant date, with the remaining portion vesting ratably over the following 12 calendar quarters. Service-based RSUs are valued based on the current value of the Company's closing stock price on the date of grant less the present value of future expected dividends discounted at the risk-free interest rate. Performance restricted stock units. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021, the Company awarded 277,950 performance restricted stock units ("PRSUs") subject to a market condition based on the Company’s total shareholder return relative to the Russell 2000 index as measured on January 31, 2023. The Company used a Monte Carlo simulation to determine that the grant date fair value of the awards was $20.8 million. Compensation expense is recorded if the service condition is met regardless of whether the market condition is satisfied. The market condition allows for a range of vesting from 0% to 200% based on the level of performance achieved. The PRSUs cliff vest upon approval by the Talent, Compensation and Culture Committee of the board of directors. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022, the Company awarded 249,750 PRSUs subject to a market condition based on the Company’s total shareholder return relative to the Russell 2000 index as measured on January 31, 2024. The Company used a Monte Carlo simulation to determine that the grant date fair value of the awards was $22.4 million. Compensation expense is recorded if the service condition is met regardless of whether the market condition is satisfied. The market condition allows for a range of vesting from 0% to 200% based on the level of performance achieved. The PRSUs cliff vest upon approval by the Talent, Compensation and Culture Committee of the board of directors. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023, the Company awarded 281,784 PRSUs subject to a market condition based on the Company’s total shareholder return relative to the Russell 2000 index as measured on January 31, 2025. The Company used a Monte Carlo simulation to determine that the grant date fair value of the awards was $32.1 million. Compensation expense is recorded if the service condition is met regardless of whether the market condition is satisfied. The market condition allows for a range of vesting from 0% to 200% based on the level of performance achieved. The PRSUs cliff vest upon approval by the Talent, Compensation and Culture Committee of the board of directors. A summary of RSU activity is as follows: Outstanding RSUs (in thousands, except weighted-average grant date fair value) Shares Weighted-average grant date fair value Outstanding as of January 31, 2022 2,740 $ 63.15 Granted 1,693 75.64 Vested (761) 59.15 Forfeited (661) 66.71 Outstanding as of January 31, 2023 3,011 $ 70.40 During the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 the aggregate intrinsic value of RSUs and RSAs vested was $50.7 million, $40.9 million, and $31.8 million, respectively. As of January 31, 2023, total unrecorded stock-based compensation expense associated with RSUs was $146.0 million, which was expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years. As of January 31, 2023, there was no unrecorded stock-based compensation expense associated with RSAs, and there were no RSAs outstanding.

Fair value

Fair value	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair value	Fair value Fair value measurements are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Accounting standards specify a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following fair value hierarchy: • Level 1—quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; • Level 2—inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and • Level 3—unobservable inputs based on the Company’s own assumptions. Cash and cash equivalents are considered Level 1 instruments and are valued based on publicly available daily net asset values. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents approximate fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The Notes are valued based upon quoted market prices and are considered Level 2 instruments because the markets in which the Notes trade are not considered active markets. As of January 31, 2023, the fair value of the Notes was $536.9 million. The Term Loan Facility is considered a Level 2 instrument and recorded at book value in the Company's consolidated financial statements. The Term Loan Facility reprices frequently due to variable interest rate terms and entails no significant changes in credit risk. As a result, the fair value of the Term Loan Facility approximates carrying value.

Employee benefits

Employee benefits	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Employee benefits	Employee benefits The Company has established a 401(k) plan that qualifies as a deferred compensation arrangement under Section 401 of the IRS Code. All non-seasonal team members over the age of 18 are eligible to participate in the plan. The plan provides for Company matching of employee contributions up to 3.5% of eligible earnings. Employer matching contribution expense was $8.0 million, $7.1 million and $6.5 million for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company is self-insured for medical and dental benefits for all qualifying employees. The medical plan carries a stop-loss policy which will protect from individual claims during the plan year exceeding $400,000. The Company records estimates of costs of claims incurred based on an analysis of historical data and independent estimates.

Summary of business and signi_2

Summary of business and significant accounting policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Principles of consolidation	The Company consolidates entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest, which includes all of its wholly owned direct and indirect subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Segments	The Company operates in one segment, which reflects the way in which its chief operating decision maker, the Chief Executive Officer, reviews the Company's financial performance and makes decisions about resource allocation. All long-lived assets are maintained in the United States of America.
Cash and cash equivalents	The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents were held in institutions in the U.S. and include deposits in a money market account that was unrestricted as to withdrawal or use.
Client-held funds	Many of the Company's client services agreements with employers (referred to as "Clients") provide that Clients remit funds to the Company to pre-fund Client and employee participant contributions related to flexible spending accounts and health reimbursement arrangements (“FSAs” and “HRAs,” respectively) and commuter accounts. These Client-held funds remitted to the Company do not represent cash assets of the Company to the extent that they are not combined with corporate cash, and accordingly are not included in cash and cash equivalents on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.
Accounts receivable	Accounts receivable represent monies due to the Company for monthly service revenue, custodial revenue and interchange revenue. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts to reserve for expected credit losses from trade receivables considering past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. In evaluating the Company’s ability to collect outstanding receivable balances, the Company considers various factors including macroeconomic variables, the age of the balance, the creditworthiness of the customer, which is assessed based on ongoing credit evaluations and payment history, and the customer’s current financial condition.
Other assets	Other assets consist primarily of contract costs, prepaid expenditures, debt issuance costs, income tax receivables, inventories, and various other assets. Amounts expected to be recouped or recognized over a period of twelve months or less have been classified as current in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Leases	The Company determines if a contract contains a lease at inception or any modification of the contract. A contract contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a specified period in exchange for consideration. Control over the use of the identified asset means the lessee has both (a) the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset and (b) the right to direct the use of the asset. Leases with an expected term of 12 months or less at commencement are not accounted for on the balance sheet. All operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term. Certain leases also include obligations to pay for non-lease services, such as utilities and common area maintenance. The services are accounted for separately from lease components, and the Company allocates payments to the lease and other services components based on estimated stand-alone prices. Operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the expected lease term at commencement date. As the rate implicit in each lease is not readily determinable, management uses the Company’s incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments.
Property and equipment	Property and equipment, including leasehold improvements, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is determined using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of individual assets. The useful life for leasehold improvements is the shorter of the estimated useful life or the term of the lease ranging from 3-5 years. The useful life used for computing depreciation for all other asset classes is described below: Computer equipment 3-5 years Furniture and fixtures 5 years Maintenance and repairs are expensed when incurred, and improvements that extend the economic useful life of an asset are capitalized. Gains and losses on the disposal of property and equipment are reflected in operating expenses.
Intangible assets, net	Intangible assets are carried at cost and amortized, typically, on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The useful life used for computing amortization for all intangible asset classes is described below: Software and software development costs 3 years Acquired customer relationships 7-15 years Acquired developed technology 2-5 years Acquired trade names and trademarks 3 years Acquired HSA portfolios 15 years The Company accounts for the costs of computer software developed or obtained for internal use in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350-40, Internal-Use Software . Costs incurred during operation and post-implementation stages are charged to expense. Costs incurred during the application development stage that are directly attributable to developing or obtaining software for internal use are capitalized. Management’s judgment is required in determining the point when various projects enter the stages at which costs may be capitalized, in assessing the ongoing value of the capitalized costs and in determining the estimated useful lives over which the costs are amortized. Acquired customer relationships, developed technology, and trade names and trademarks are valued utilizing the discounted cash flow method, a form of the income approach. The useful lives of acquired customer relationships were estimated based on discount rates and revenue growth rates, net of attrition. The useful lives of developed technology and trade names were estimated based on expected obsolescence. The Company expenses the assets straight-line over the useful lives and determined that this amortization method is appropriate to reflect the pattern over which the economic benefits of these acquired assets are realized.
Goodwill	Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment annually on January 31 or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset may be impaired. The Company’s impairment tests are based on a single operating segment and reporting unit structure. The goodwill impairment test involves a qualitative assessment to compare a reporting unit's fair value to its carrying value. If it is determined that it is more likely than not that a reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying value, a quantitative comparison is made between the Company's market capitalization and the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge is recognized for the excess of the carrying value of goodwill over its implied fair value.
Self insurance	The Company is self-insured for medical insurance up to certain annual stop-loss limits. The Company establishes a liability as of the balance sheet date for claims, both reported and incurred but not reported, using currently available information as well as historical claims experience, and as determined by an independent third party.
Other long-term liabilities	Other long-term liabilities consists of long-term deferred revenue and other liabilities that the Company does not expect to settle within one year.
Revenue recognition	The Company recognizes revenue when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to its customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps: • identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer; • identification of the performance obligations in the contract; • determination of the transaction price; • allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and • recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Disaggregation of revenue. The Company's primary sources of revenue are service, custodial, and interchange revenue and are disclosed in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). All of the Company's sources of revenue are deemed to be revenue contracts with customers. Each revenue source is affected differently by economic factors as it relates to the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty. Costs to obtain a contract. ASC 606, Revenue from contracts with customers , requires capitalizing the costs of obtaining a contract when those costs are expected to be recovered. In order to determine the amortization period for sales commissions contract costs, the Company applied the portfolio approach. Accordingly, the amortization period of the assets has been determined to be the average economic life of an HSA or other CDB relationship, which is estimated to be 15 years and 7 years, respectively. Amortization of capitalized sales commission contract costs is included in sales and marketing expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The Company has applied the practical expedient which allows an entity to account for incremental costs of obtaining a contract at a portfolio level. The Company has also applied the practical expedient to recognize incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period would have been one year or less. Performance obligations. ASC 606 requires disclosure of the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations; however, as permitted by ASC 606, the Company has elected to exclude from this disclosure any contracts with an original duration of one year or less and any variable consideration that meets specified criteria. Service revenue. The Company administers its platforms, prepares statements, provides a mechanism for spending funds, and provides customer support services. All of these services are consumed as they are received. The Company recognizes service revenue, in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services, on a monthly basis as it satisfies its performance obligations. Custodial revenue. The Company earns custodial revenue primarily from HSA assets deposited with depository partners or placed in group annuity contracts or similar arrangements with insurance company partners, recordkeeping fees earned in respect of mutual funds in which HSA members invest, and Client-held funds deposited with depository partners. In addition, once a member’s HSA cash balance reaches a certain threshold, the member is able to invest his or her HSA assets in mutual funds through a custodial investment partner, from which the Company earns a recordkeeping fee, calculated as a percentage of custodial investments. The deposit of funds represents a service that is simultaneously received and consumed by the depository partners, insurance company partners, and investment partner. The Company recognizes custodial revenue each month, in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to be entitled to in exchange for the service. Interchange revenue. The Company satisfies its interchange performance obligation each time payments are made with its cards via payment networks. The Company recognizes interchange revenue, in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to be entitled to in exchange for the service, in the month the payment transaction occurs. Contract balances. The Company does not recognize revenue until its right to consideration is unconditional and therefore has no related contract assets. The Company records a receivable when revenue is recognized prior to payment and the Company has unconditional right to payment. Alternatively, when payment precedes the related services, the Company records a contract liability, or deferred revenue, until its performance obligations are satisfied. Significant judgments. The Company makes no significant judgments in determining the amount or timing of revenue recognition. The Company has estimated the average economic life of an HSA or CDB member relationship, which has been determined to be the amortization period for the capitalized sales commissions contract costs. Cost of revenue The Company incurs cost of revenue related to servicing member accounts, managing customer and partner relationships, and processing reimbursement claims. Expenditures include personnel-related costs, depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation, common expense allocations, new member and participant supplies, and other operating costs of the member account servicing departments. Other components of the Company’s cost of revenue include interest retained by members on custodial assets held and interchange costs incurred in connection with processing card transactions initiated by members.
Stock-based compensation	The Company grants stock-based awards, which consist of stock options and restricted stock units ("RSUs"), to certain team members, executive officers, and directors. Historically, the Company also granted restricted stock awards ("RSAs"). The Company recognizes compensation expense for stock-based awards based on the grant date estimated fair value. Expense for stock-based awards is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period and is reversed as pre-vesting forfeitures occur. The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The determination of fair value for stock options on the date of grant using an option pricing model requires management to make certain assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. The fair value of RSUs is based on the current value of the Company's closing stock price on the date of grant less the present value of future expected dividends discounted at the risk-free interest rate. For stock-based awards with performance conditions, the Company evaluates the probability of achieving the performance criteria and of the number of shares that are expected to vest, and compensation expense is then adjusted to reflect the number of shares expected to vest and the requisite service period. For awards with performance conditions, compensation expense is recognized using the graded-vesting attribution method in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation ("Topic 718"). Compensation expense related to stock-based awards with market conditions is recorded on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period regardless of whether the market condition is satisfied. Upon the exercise of a stock option or release of an RSU, common shares are issued from authorized, but not outstanding, common stock.
Interest expense	Interest expense primarily consists of accrued interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs associated with long-term debt.
Income tax benefit	The Company accounts for income taxes and the related accounts under the asset and liability method as set forth in ASC 740, Income Taxes . Under this method, current tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the estimated taxes payable or refundable on the tax returns for the current fiscal year. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, for net operating losses, and for tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted statutory tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be realized or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of changes in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is provided for when it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets may not be realized in future years. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return using a two-step approach. The first step is to evaluate the tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the relevant taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. For tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon audit, the second step is to measure the tax benefit in the financial statements as the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being sustained upon settlement. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Changes in facts and circumstances could have a material impact on the Company’s effective tax rate and results of operations.
Asset acquisitions and Business combinations	The Company routinely acquires rights to be the custodian of HSA portfolios, in which substantially all of the fair value of the gross portfolio assets acquired is concentrated in a group of similar HSA assets and therefore the acquisitions do not constitute a business. Accordingly, the acquisitions are accounted for under the asset acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805-50, Business Combinations—Related Issues . Under the asset acquisition method of accounting, the Company is required to fair value the assets transferred. The cost of the assets acquired, including transaction costs incurred in conjunction with an asset acquisition, is allocated to the individual assets acquired based on their relative fair values and does not give rise to goodwill. Consideration paid for the acquisition of a business as defined by ASC 805-10 is allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values as of the acquisition date. Acquisition-related expenses incurred in conjunction with the acquisition of a business are recognized in earnings in the period in which they are incurred and are included in other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Use of estimates	The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management has made estimates for the allowance for doubtful accounts, capitalized software development costs, evaluating goodwill and long-lived assets for impairment, useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, accrued compensation, accrued liabilities, grant date fair value of stock options and performance restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, and income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Recently adopted and issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted	Recently adopted accounting pronouncements None. Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted None.

Summary of business and signi_3

Summary of business and significant accounting policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Schedule of Estimated Useful Life of Property and Equipment	The useful life used for computing depreciation for all other asset classes is described below: Computer equipment 3-5 years Furniture and fixtures 5 years Property and equipment consisted of the following as of January 31, 2023 and 2022: (in thousands) January 31, 2023 January 31, 2022 Leasehold improvements $ 18,269 $ 18,573 Furniture and fixtures 8,392 8,417 Computer equipment 28,021 31,982 Property and equipment, gross 54,682 58,972 Accumulated depreciation (41,820) (35,600) Property and equipment, net $ 12,862 $ 23,372
Schedule of Useful Lives of Intangible Assets	The useful life used for computing amortization for all intangible asset classes is described below: Software and software development costs 3 years Acquired customer relationships 7-15 years Acquired developed technology 2-5 years Acquired trade names and trademarks 3 years Acquired HSA portfolios 15 years The gross carrying amount and associated accumulated amortization of intangible assets were as follows: January 31, 2023 (in thousands) Gross carrying amount Accumulated amortization Net carrying amount Amortizable intangible assets: Software and software development costs $ 233,194 $ (152,178) $ 81,016 Acquired HSA portfolios 261,188 (63,547) 197,641 Acquired customer relationships 759,782 (153,434) 606,348 Acquired developed technology 132,825 (81,692) 51,133 Acquired trade names 12,900 (12,679) 221 Total amortizable intangible assets $ 1,399,889 $ (463,530) $ 936,359 January 31, 2022 (in thousands) Gross carrying amount Accumulated amortization Net carrying amount Amortizable intangible assets: Software and software development costs $ 192,050 $ (99,952) $ 92,098 Acquired HSA portfolios 192,298 (46,603) 145,695 Acquired customer relationships 759,781 (101,741) 658,040 Acquired developed technology 132,825 (58,334) 74,491 Acquired trade names 12,900 (10,087) 2,813 Total amortizable intangible assets $ 1,289,854 $ (316,717) $ 973,137

Net income (loss) per share (Ta

Net income (loss) per share (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted	The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share: Year ended January 31, (in thousands, except per share data) 2023 2022 2021 Numerator (basic and diluted): Net income (loss) $ (26,143) $ (44,289) $ 8,834 Denominator (basic): Weighted-average common shares outstanding 84,442 83,133 74,235 Denominator (diluted): Weighted-average common shares outstanding 84,442 83,133 74,235 Weighted-average dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units — — 1,444 Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding 84,442 83,133 75,679 Net income (loss) per share: Basic $ (0.31) $ (0.53) $ 0.12 Diluted $ (0.31) $ (0.53) $ 0.12

Business combinations (Tables)

Business combinations (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Schedule of Allocation of Consideration	The following table summarizes the Company's allocation of the consideration paid: (in thousands) Estimated fair value Adjustments Updated Allocation Cash and cash equivalents $ 626 $ — $ 626 Other current assets 1,469 — 1,469 Intangible assets 23,900 — 23,900 Goodwill 36,374 (19) 36,355 Other assets 100 — 100 Current liabilities (597) — (597) Deferred tax liability (3,566) 19 (3,547) Total consideration paid $ 58,306 $ — $ 58,306 The following table summarizes the Company's allocation of the consideration paid: (in thousands) Estimated fair value Adjustments Updated Allocation Current assets $ 2,667 $ (163) $ 2,504 Intangible assets 172,183 — 172,183 Goodwill 282,287 2,309 284,596 Current liabilities (2,137) (2,146) (4,283) Total consideration paid $ 455,000 $ — $ 455,000

Supplemental financial statem_2

Supplemental financial statement information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Schedule of Property and Equipment	The useful life used for computing depreciation for all other asset classes is described below: Computer equipment 3-5 years Furniture and fixtures 5 years Property and equipment consisted of the following as of January 31, 2023 and 2022: (in thousands) January 31, 2023 January 31, 2022 Leasehold improvements $ 18,269 $ 18,573 Furniture and fixtures 8,392 8,417 Computer equipment 28,021 31,982 Property and equipment, gross 54,682 58,972 Accumulated depreciation (41,820) (35,600) Property and equipment, net $ 12,862 $ 23,372
Schedule of Other Expense, Net	Other income (expense), net, consisted of the following: Year ended January 31, (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Interest income $ 1,763 $ 1,501 $ 1,045 Gain on equity securities — 1,692 — Acquisition costs (53) (10,832) (1,118) Other income (expense) (439) 1,708 5,080 Total other income (expense), net $ 1,271 $ (5,931) $ 5,007

Leases (Tables)

Leases (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Schedule of Lease Cost	The components of operating lease costs were as follows: Year ended January 31, (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Operating lease expense $ 11,371 $ 14,762 $ 16,073 Sublease income (2,187) (1,836) (1,799) Net operating lease cost $ 9,184 $ 12,926 $ 14,274 Weighted average lease term and discount rate were as follows: January 31, 2023 January 31, 2022 Weighted average remaining lease term 7.53 years 8.32 years Weighted average discount rate 4.31 % 4.29 % Lease liabilities were as follows: (in thousands) January 31, 2023 January 31, 2022 Gross lease liabilities $ 81,313 $ 92,529 Less: imputed interest (12,166) (15,126) Present value of lease liabilities 69,147 77,403 Less: current portion of lease liabilities (10,159) (12,171) Lease liabilities, non-current $ 58,988 $ 65,232 Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company's operating leases was as follows: Year ended January 31, (in thousands) 2023 2022 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 12,533 $ 14,742 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations $ 1,092 $ 586

Intangible assets and goodwill

Intangible assets and goodwill (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets	The useful life used for computing amortization for all intangible asset classes is described below: Software and software development costs 3 years Acquired customer relationships 7-15 years Acquired developed technology 2-5 years Acquired trade names and trademarks 3 years Acquired HSA portfolios 15 years The gross carrying amount and associated accumulated amortization of intangible assets were as follows: January 31, 2023 (in thousands) Gross carrying amount Accumulated amortization Net carrying amount Amortizable intangible assets: Software and software development costs $ 233,194 $ (152,178) $ 81,016 Acquired HSA portfolios 261,188 (63,547) 197,641 Acquired customer relationships 759,782 (153,434) 606,348 Acquired developed technology 132,825 (81,692) 51,133 Acquired trade names 12,900 (12,679) 221 Total amortizable intangible assets $ 1,399,889 $ (463,530) $ 936,359 January 31, 2022 (in thousands) Gross carrying amount Accumulated amortization Net carrying amount Amortizable intangible assets: Software and software development costs $ 192,050 $ (99,952) $ 92,098 Acquired HSA portfolios 192,298 (46,603) 145,695 Acquired customer relationships 759,781 (101,741) 658,040 Acquired developed technology 132,825 (58,334) 74,491 Acquired trade names 12,900 (10,087) 2,813 Total amortizable intangible assets $ 1,289,854 $ (316,717) $ 973,137
Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense	Estimated amortization expense for the fiscal years ending January 31 is as follows: Year ending January 31, (in thousands) 2024 $ 139,225 2025 112,377 2026 83,960 2027 72,045 2028 67,324 Thereafter 461,428 Total $ 936,359

Commitments and contingencies (

Commitments and contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Payments Due By Fiscal Year For Our Outstanding Contractual Obligations	The following table summarizes the payments due by fiscal year for the Company's outstanding contractual obligations as of January 31, 2023: Payments due by fiscal year (in thousands) 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Total 4.50% Senior Notes due 2029 (1) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 600,000 $ 600,000 Term Loan Facility (1) 17,500 17,500 26,250 280,000 — — 341,250 Interest on long-term debt obligations (2) 48,320 47,256 45,819 38,411 27,000 45,000 251,806 Operating lease obligations (3) 10,443 10,877 11,094 11,344 11,600 29,058 84,416 Other contractual obligations (4) 25,798 16,690 12,584 5,505 6,501 — 67,078 Total $ 102,061 $ 92,323 $ 95,747 $ 335,260 $ 45,101 $ 674,058 $ 1,344,550 (1) As of January 31, 2023, the outstanding combined principal of $941.3 million is presented net of debt issuance costs on the consolidated balance sheets. The debt issuance costs are not included in the table above. (2) Estimated interest payments assume the stated interest rates applicable to the Notes and Term Loan Facility as of January 31, 2023, which were 4.50% and 6.31% per annum, respectively. (3) The Company leases office space and data storage facilities, and has other non-cancelable operating leases expiring at various dates through 2030. These amounts exclude contractual sublease income of $0.9 million, which is expected to be received through May 2027.

Indebtedness (Tables)

Indebtedness (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Long-term Debt	Long-term debt consisted of the following: (in thousands) January 31, 2023 January 31, 2022 4.50% Senior Notes due 2029 $ 600,000 $ 600,000 Term Loan Facility 341,250 350,000 Principal amount 941,250 950,000 Less: unamortized discount and issuance costs (1) 15,912 19,173 Total debt, net 925,338 930,827 Less: current portion of long-term debt 17,500 8,750 Long-term debt, net $ 907,838 $ 922,077

Income taxes (Tables)

Income taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	The income tax benefit consisted of the following: Year ended January 31, (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Current: Federal $ 3,260 $ 628 $ 181 State 1,968 239 258 Total current tax provision $ 5,228 $ 867 $ 439 Deferred: Federal $ (14,382) $ (21,197) $ (1,630) State (2,799) (2,122) (3,503) Total deferred tax benefit $ (17,181) $ (23,319) $ (5,133) Total income tax benefit $ (11,953) $ (22,452) $ (4,694)
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation	Total income tax benefit differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to income before income taxes as a result of the following: Year ended January 31, (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Federal income tax provision (benefit) at the statutory rate $ (8,000) $ (14,016) $ 869 State income tax benefit, net of federal tax provision (benefit) (1,021) (3,733) (99) Other non-deductible or non-taxable items, net 225 (165) 469 Excessive employee remuneration 3,246 1,214 1,186 Excess tax benefits on stock-based compensation expense, net (2,479) (5,098) (2,983) Federal research and development credits (1,341) (4,218) (2,195) Change in uncertain tax position reserves, net of indirect benefits (2,970) 836 511 Reclassification of operating lease right-of-use assets — — 185 Change in net operating losses due to measurement period adjustments — — 377 Deferred tax rate adjustment due to merger integration — 725 (1,814) Return-to-provision adjustments (38) (810) (1,010) Change in valuation allowance 733 3,457 (145) Other items, net (308) (644) (45) Total income tax benefit $ (11,953) $ (22,452) $ (4,694)
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities	Deferred tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following: (in thousands) January 31, 2023 January 31, 2022 Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carryforward $ 2,646 $ 5,542 Stock compensation 16,217 14,778 Research and development credits 7,147 13,351 Lease liabilities 17,337 19,356 Capitalized research and development 16,419 — Accruals and reserves 4,439 7,729 Other, net 5,643 3,728 Total gross deferred tax assets $ 69,848 $ 64,484 Less valuation allowance (4,294) (3,561) Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance 65,554 60,923 Deferred tax liabilities: Fixed assets (1,509) (1,862) Intangible assets (99,471) (119,048) Incremental contract costs (11,118) (9,585) Right-of-use assets (14,132) (16,923) Goodwill (20,271) (11,481) Other, net (1,718) (1,870) Total gross deferred tax liabilities (148,219) (160,769) Net deferred tax liability $ (82,665) $ (99,846)
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward	A tabular reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits, including the impact of purchase accounting from the Luum Acquisition, is as follows: (in thousands) January 31, 2023 January 31, 2022 Gross unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year $ 11,653 $ 10,206 Gross amounts of increases and decreases: Purchase accounting adjustments — 240 Increases as a result of tax positions taken during a prior period — 38 Decreases as a result of tax positions taken during a prior period (183) — Increases as a result of tax positions taken during the current period 639 1,169 Decreases resulting from the lapse of the applicable statute of limitations (3,419) — Gross unrecognized tax benefits at end of year $ 8,690 $ 11,653
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefit Netted Against Deferred Tax Asset	The resulting unrecognized tax benefit recorded within the Company's consolidated balance sheet excludes the following amounts that have been netted against the related deferred tax assets accordingly: (in thousands) January 31, 2023 January 31, 2022 Total gross unrecognized tax benefits $ 8,690 $ 11,653 Amounts netted against related deferred tax assets (4,337) (7,097) Unrecognized tax benefits recorded on the consolidated balance sheet $ 4,353 $ 4,556

Stock-based compensation (Table

Stock-based compensation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Schedule of Share Based Compensation Recognized	The following table shows a summary of stock-based compensation in the Company's consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) during the fiscal years presented: Year ended January 31, (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Cost of revenue $ 14,426 $ 11,258 $ 7,996 Sales and marketing 9,821 7,001 6,986 Technology and development 13,828 13,132 10,772 General and administrative 24,539 21,359 17,109 Other expense, net — 342 — Total stock-based compensation expense $ 62,614 $ 53,092 $ 42,863 The following table shows stock-based compensation by award type: Year ended January 31, (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Stock options $ 882 $ 1,816 $ 4,499 Restricted stock units 46,590 37,693 28,040 Performance restricted stock units 15,120 12,948 6,270 Restricted stock awards 22 155 1,335 Performance restricted stock awards — 138 2,719 Total non-cash stock-based compensation expense 62,614 52,750 42,863 Acquisition awards exchanged for cash — 342 — Total stock-based compensation expense $ 62,614 $ 53,092 $ 42,863
Schedule of Assumptions	The key input assumptions utilized in the valuation of the stock options were as follows: Year ended January 31, 2023 2022 2021 Expected dividend yield n/a n/a 0% Expected stock price volatility n/a n/a 37.97% Risk-free interest rate n/a n/a 1.39% Expected life of options n/a n/a 5.18 years
Schedule of Stock Options	A summary of stock option activity is as follows: Outstanding stock options (in thousands, except for exercise prices and term) Number of Range of Weighted- Weighted- Aggregate Outstanding as of January 31, 2022 1,232 $1.25 - 82.39 $ 35.64 4.2 $ 25,719 Exercised (203) $1.25 - 59.63 $ 32.56 Forfeited (8) $25.45 - 73.61 $ 60.84 Outstanding as of January 31, 2023 1,021 $14.00 - 82.39 $ 36.06 3.2 $ 27,293 Vested and expected to vest as of January 31, 2023 1,021 $ 36.06 3.2 $ 27,293 Exercisable as of January 31, 2023 1,001 $ 35.29 3.1 $ 27,293
Schedule of Restricted Stock Activity	A summary of RSU activity is as follows: Outstanding RSUs (in thousands, except weighted-average grant date fair value) Shares Weighted-average grant date fair value Outstanding as of January 31, 2022 2,740 $ 63.15 Granted 1,693 75.64 Vested (761) 59.15 Forfeited (661) 66.71 Outstanding as of January 31, 2023 3,011 $ 70.40

Summary of business and signi_4

Summary of business and significant accounting policies - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023 segment
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Number of segments	1
HSA Member
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Capitalized contract cost, amortization period (in years)	15 years
RA Customer Relationship
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Capitalized contract cost, amortization period (in years)	7 years
Acquired HSA Portfolios
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life	15 years
Leasehold Improvements | Minimum
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Useful life of property, plant and equipment (in years)	3 years
Leasehold Improvements | Maximum
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Useful life of property, plant and equipment (in years)	5 years
Passive Custodial Funds
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Minimum net worth above custodial assets (as a percent)	2%
Non-passive Custodial Fund
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Minimum net worth above custodial assets (as a percent)	4%

Summary of business and signi_5

Summary of business and significant accounting policies - Property and Equipment (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Computer equipment | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life of property, plant and equipment (in years)	3 years
Computer equipment | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life of property, plant and equipment (in years)	5 years
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life of property, plant and equipment (in years)	5 years

Summary of business and signi_6

Summary of business and significant accounting policies - Intangible Assets (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023
Software and software development costs
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life	3 years
Acquired customer relationships | Minimum
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life	7 years
Acquired customer relationships | Maximum
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life	15 years
Acquired developed technology | Minimum
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life	2 years
Acquired developed technology | Maximum
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life	5 years
Acquired trade names and trademarks
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life	3 years
Acquired HSA portfolios
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life	15 years

Net income (loss) per share (De

Net income (loss) per share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2021
Numerator (basic and diluted):
Net income (loss)	$ (26,143)	$ (44,289)	$ 8,834
Denominator (basic):
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (in shares)	84,442	83,133	74,235
Denominator (diluted):
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (in shares)	84,442	83,133	74,235
Weighted-average dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units (in shares)	0	0	1,444
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding (in shares)	84,442	83,133	75,679
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic (in usd per share)	$ (0.31)	$ (0.53)	$ 0.12
Diluted (in usd per share)	$ (0.31)	$ (0.53)	$ 0.12
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	2,500	1,800	600

Business combinations - Narrati

Business combinations - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Nov. 01, 2021	Mar. 08, 2021
Luum Acquisition
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Ownership interest (as a percent)		100%
Cash paid		$ 56.2
Maximum amount of contingent consideration payable		$ 2.1
Further Acquisition
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Aggregate fair value of consideration paid	$ 455

Business combinations - Prelimi

Business combinations - Preliminary Allocation of Consideration (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended		14 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2022	Apr. 30, 2022	Jan. 31, 2022	Nov. 01, 2021	Mar. 08, 2021
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 1,648,145			$ 1,645,836
Goodwill, adjustments	2,300
Luum Acquisition
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents			$ 626			$ 626
Other current assets			1,469			1,469
Intangible assets			23,900			23,900
Goodwill			36,355			36,374
Goodwill, adjustments			(19)
Other assets			100			100
Current liabilities			(597)			(597)
Deferred tax liability			(3,547)			(3,566)
Deferred tax liability, adjustments			19
Total consideration paid			58,306			$ 58,306
Total consideration paid, adjustments			$ 0
Further Acquisition
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Current assets	2,504				$ 2,667
Current assets, adjustments		$ (163)
Intangible assets	172,183				172,183
Goodwill	284,596				282,287
Goodwill, adjustments		2,309
Current liabilities	(4,283)				(2,137)
Current liabilities, adjustments		(2,146)
Total consideration paid	$ 455,000				$ 455,000
Total consideration paid, adjustments		$ 0

Supplemental financial statem_3

Supplemental financial statement information - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2021
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 5,000	$ 6,200
Credit losses from trade receivables	2,100	3,300	$ 3,400
Prepaid expense	20,100	20,600
Capitalized contract cost	44,000	39,300
Amortization of capitalized contract costs	4,400	4,300	2,400
Depreciation expense	12,300	14,700	16,000
Remaining performance obligation	8,300	10,500
Deferred revenue	4,900
Loss on extinguishment of debt	$ 0	$ 4,049	$ 0
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-02-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation, percentage	58%
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	12 months

Supplemental financial statem_4

Supplemental financial statement information - Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 54,682	$ 58,972
Accumulated depreciation	(41,820)	(35,600)
Property and equipment, net	12,862	23,372
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	18,269	18,573
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	8,392	8,417
Computer equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 28,021	$ 31,982

Supplemental financial statem_5

Supplemental financial statement information - Other Expense, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2021
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Interest income	$ 1,763	$ 1,501	$ 1,045
Gain on equity securities	0	1,692	0
Acquisition costs	(53)	(10,832)	(1,118)
Other income (expense)	(439)	1,708	5,080
Total other income (expense), net	$ 1,271	$ (5,931)	$ 5,007

Leases - Narrative (Details)

Leases - Narrative (Details)		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 24, 2022 USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2023 USD ($) extension	Jan. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lessee, operating lease, number of extensions (in years) | extension		1
Operating lease not yet commenced undiscounted amount		$ 3,200,000
Impairment of right-of-use assets		0	$ 11,246,000	$ 0
Operating lease right-of-use assets		56,461,000	63,613,000
Operating lease liability		$ 69,147,000	77,403,000
Right of use asset			3,900,000
Proceeds from sale of operating lease	$ 3,900,000
WageWorks, Inc.
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease right-of-use assets			14,800,000
Operating lease liability			0
Impairment of long-lived assets to be disposed of			$ 10,900,000
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Remaining operating lease terms (in years)		1 year
Lease renewal terms extension (in years)		2 years
Operating lease not yet commenced term of contract (in years)		7 years
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Remaining operating lease terms (in years)		8 years
Lease renewal terms extension (in years)		10 years
Operating lease not yet commenced term of contract (in years)		8 years

Leases - Lease Cost (Details)

Leases - Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease expense	$ 11,371	$ 14,762	$ 16,073
Sublease income	(2,187)	(1,836)	(1,799)
Net operating lease cost	$ 9,184	$ 12,926	$ 14,274
Weighted average remaining lease term	7 years 6 months 10 days	8 years 3 months 25 days
Weighted average discount rate	4.31%	4.29%

Leases - Lease Liabilities (Det

Leases - Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Gross lease liabilities	$ 81,313	$ 92,529
Less: imputed interest	(12,166)	(15,126)
Present value of lease liabilities	69,147	77,403
Less: current portion of lease liabilities	(10,159)	(12,171)
Lease liabilities, non-current	$ 58,988	$ 65,232

Leases - Supplemental Cash Flow

Leases - Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 12,533	$ 14,742
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$ 1,092	$ 586

Intangible assets and goodwil_2

Intangible assets and goodwill - Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	$ 1,399,889	$ 1,289,854
Accumulated amortization	(463,530)	(316,717)
Net carrying amount	936,359	973,137
Software and software development costs
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	233,194	192,050
Accumulated amortization	(152,178)	(99,952)
Net carrying amount	81,016	92,098
Acquired HSA portfolios
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	261,188	192,298
Accumulated amortization	(63,547)	(46,603)
Net carrying amount	197,641	145,695
Acquired customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	759,782	759,781
Accumulated amortization	(153,434)	(101,741)
Net carrying amount	606,348	658,040
Acquired developed technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	132,825	132,825
Accumulated amortization	(81,692)	(58,334)
Net carrying amount	51,133	74,491
Acquired trade names
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	12,900	12,900
Accumulated amortization	(12,679)	(10,087)
Net carrying amount	$ 221	$ 2,813

Intangible assets and goodwil_3

Intangible assets and goodwill - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2021
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization expense	$ 148,900,000	$ 122,500,000	$ 99,900,000
Goodwill impairment	0	0	$ 0
Goodwill, adjustments	2,300,000
Luum and Further
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Goodwill acquired during the period		318,600,000
Acquired HSA Portfolios
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, acquired	$ 68,900,000	$ 67,200,000

Intangible assets and goodwil_4

Intangible assets and goodwill - Schedule for Future Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Amortization Expense, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2024	$ 139,225
2025	112,377
2026	83,960
2027	72,045
2028	67,324
Thereafter	461,428
Net carrying amount	$ 936,359	$ 973,137

Commitments and contingencies -

Commitments and contingencies - Outstanding Contractual Obligations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Long-term Debt, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
Total	$ 925,338	$ 930,827
Interest On Long-Term Debt, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2024	48,320
2025	47,256
2026	45,819
2027	38,411
2028	27,000
Thereafter	45,000
Total	251,806
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payment, Due [Abstract]
2024	10,443
2025	10,877
2026	11,094
2027	11,344
2028	11,600
Thereafter	29,058
Total	84,416
Other Commitment, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2024	25,798
2025	16,690
2026	12,584
2027	5,505
2028	6,501
Thereafter	0
Total	67,078
Contractual Obligation, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2024	102,061
2025	92,323
2026	95,747
2027	335,260
2028	45,101
Thereafter	674,058
Total	1,344,550
Principal amount	941,250	950,000
Sublease income to be received	900
4.500% Senior Notes due 2029
Long-term Debt, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2024	0
2025	0
2026	0
2027	0
2028	0
Thereafter	600,000
Total	600,000
Contractual Obligation, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
Principal amount	$ 600,000	600,000
Stated interest rate (as a percent)	4.50%
Credit Agreement
Contractual Obligation, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
Stated interest rate (as a percent)	6.31%
Credit Agreement | Term Loan Facility
Long-term Debt, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2024	$ 17,500
2025	17,500
2026	26,250
2027	280,000
2028	0
Thereafter	0
Total	341,250
Contractual Obligation, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
Principal amount	$ 341,250	$ 350,000

Commitments and contingencies_2

Commitments and contingencies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jan. 31, 2023	Nov. 24, 2021	Apr. 30, 2021
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Operating lease not yet commenced undiscounted amount	$ 3.2
WageWorks Inc.
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Operating lease not yet commenced undiscounted amount			$ 63.1
Operating lease not yet commenced term of contract (in years)			11 years
WageWorks Inc. | Union Mesa
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Letters of credit outstanding		$ 2.8

Indebtedness - Schedule of Long

Indebtedness - Schedule of Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount	$ 941,250	$ 950,000
Less: unamortized discount and issuance costs	15,912	19,173
Total	925,338	930,827
Less: current portion of long-term debt	17,500	8,750
Long-term debt, net of issuance costs	907,838	922,077
Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Less: unamortized loan issuance costs	3,400	4,400
4.500% Senior Notes due 2029
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount	600,000	600,000
Total	$ 600,000
Stated interest rate (as a percent)	4.50%
Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate (as a percent)	6.31%
Credit Agreement | Term Loan Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount	$ 341,250	$ 350,000
Total	$ 341,250

Indebtedness - Narrative (Detai

Indebtedness - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
	Oct. 08, 2021	Jan. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2021
Line of Credit | Revolving Credit Facility | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment fee (as a percent)		0.20%
Line of Credit | Revolving Credit Facility | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment fee (as a percent)		0.40%
4.500% Senior Notes due 2029
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate (as a percent)		4.50%
4.500% Senior Notes due 2029 | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate (as a percent)	4.50%
Principal amount	$ 600,000,000
Accrued interest			$ 9,000,000
Effective interest rate (as a percent)			4.72%
4.500% Senior Notes due 2029 | Senior Notes | October 1, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption price (as a percent)	102.25%
4.500% Senior Notes due 2029 | Senior Notes | October 1, 2025
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption price (as a percent)	101.125%
4.500% Senior Notes due 2029 | Senior Notes | October 1, 2026 and thereafter
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption price (as a percent)	100%
4.500% Senior Notes due 2029 | Senior Notes | Prior to October 1, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption price (as a percent)	100%
4.500% Senior Notes due 2029 | Senior Notes | Prior to October 1, 2024, 40% of Principal
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption price (as a percent)	104.50%
Percentage of principal amount redeemed (as a percent)	40%
Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate (as a percent)		6.31%
Effective interest rate (as a percent)		7.14%
Maximum borrowing capacity of future commitments	$ 300,000,000
Maximum leverage ratio	3.85	5
Minimum interest coverage ratio		3
Credit Agreement | Minimum | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Variable rate borrowing spread (as a percent)	1.25%
Credit Agreement | Minimum | Customary Base Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Variable rate borrowing spread (as a percent)	0.25%
Credit Agreement | Maximum | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Variable rate borrowing spread (as a percent)	2.25%
Credit Agreement | Maximum | Customary Base Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Variable rate borrowing spread (as a percent)	1.25%
Credit Agreement | Secured Debt | Term Loan Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Facility term (in years)	5 years
Credit facility, amount	$ 350,000,000
Credit Agreement | Line of Credit | Term Loan Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, prepayment covenant, percentage of proceeds from sales to used to prepay (as a percent)		100%
Debt instrument, number of days to reinvest proceeds from sales of assets (in days)		450 days
Debt instrument, number of days to commit to reinvesting proceeds from sales of assets after initial period (in days)		180 days
Credit Agreement | Line of Credit | Term Loan Facility | Debt Instrument, Amortization Period One
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, amortization of loans, percentage of principal amount (as a percent)		2.50%
Credit Agreement | Line of Credit | Term Loan Facility | Debt Instrument, Amortization Period Two and Three Period
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, amortization of loans, percentage of principal amount (as a percent)		5%
Credit Agreement | Line of Credit | Term Loan Facility | Debt Instrument, Amortization Period Four
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, amortization of loans, percentage of principal amount (as a percent)		7.50%
Credit Agreement | Line of Credit | Term Loan Facility | Debt Instrument, Amortization Period Five
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, amortization of loans, percentage of principal amount (as a percent)		10%
Credit Agreement | Line of Credit | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Facility term (in years)	5 years
Credit facility, amount	$ 1,000,000,000
Credit Agreement | Letter of Credit | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit facility, amount	$ 25,000,000

Income taxes - Components of In

Income taxes - Components of Income tax (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2021
Current:
Federal	$ 3,260	$ 628	$ 181
State	1,968	239	258
Total current tax provision	5,228	867	439
Deferred:
Federal	(14,382)	(21,197)	(1,630)
State	(2,799)	(2,122)	(3,503)
Total deferred tax benefit	(17,181)	(23,319)	(5,133)
Total income tax benefit	$ (11,953)	$ (22,452)	$ (4,694)

Income taxes - Reconciliation o

Income taxes - Reconciliation of Income tax (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Federal income tax provision (benefit) at the statutory rate	$ (8,000)	$ (14,016)	$ 869
State income tax benefit, net of federal tax provision (benefit)	(1,021)	(3,733)	(99)
Other non-deductible or non-taxable items, net	225	(165)	469
Excessive employee remuneration	3,246	1,214	1,186
Excess tax benefits on stock-based compensation expense, net	(2,479)	(5,098)	(2,983)
Federal research and development credits	(1,341)	(4,218)	(2,195)
Change in uncertain tax position reserves, net of indirect benefits	(2,970)	836	511
Reclassification of operating lease right-of-use assets	0	0	185
Change in net operating losses due to measurement period adjustments	0	0	377
Deferred tax rate adjustment due to merger integration	0	725	(1,814)
Return-to-provision adjustments	(38)	(810)	(1,010)
Change in valuation allowance	733	3,457	(145)
Other items, net	(308)	(644)	(45)
Total income tax benefit	$ (11,953)	$ (22,452)	$ (4,694)

Income taxes - Narrative (Detai

Income taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2021
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Effective income tax benefit rate	31.40%	33.60%	113.40%
Deferred tax asset, valuation allowance	$ 4,294	$ 3,561
Increase in valuation allowance	700
Gross unrecognized tax benefit	8,690	11,653	$ 10,206
Unrecognized tax benefits that would impact the effective tax rate	5,400	10,800
Period increase in unrecognized tax benefit	3,000
Unrecognized tax benefits, income tax penalties and interest expense	400	700	$ 200
Unrecognized tax benefits, income tax penalties and interest accrued	1,300	$ 1,500
Research | Federal
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Credit carryforward	2,400
Research | State
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Credit carryforward	10,800
January 31, 2028 | State
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 43,100

Income taxes - Deferred Tax Ass

Income taxes - Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforward	$ 2,646	$ 5,542
Stock compensation	16,217	14,778
Research and development credits	7,147	13,351
Lease liabilities	17,337	19,356
Capitalized research and development	16,419	0
Accruals and reserves	4,439	7,729
Other, net	5,643	3,728
Total gross deferred tax assets	69,848	64,484
Less valuation allowance	(4,294)	(3,561)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance	65,554	60,923
Deferred tax liabilities:
Fixed assets	(1,509)	(1,862)
Intangible assets	(99,471)	(119,048)
Incremental contract costs	(11,118)	(9,585)
Right-of-use assets	(14,132)	(16,923)
Goodwill	(20,271)	(11,481)
Other, net	(1,718)	(1,870)
Total gross deferred tax liabilities	(148,219)	(160,769)
Net deferred tax liability	$ (82,665)	$ (99,846)

Income taxes - Unrecognized Tax

Income taxes - Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Gross unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year	$ 11,653	$ 10,206
Purchase accounting adjustments	0	240
Increases as a result of tax positions taken during a prior period	0	38
Decreases as a result of tax positions taken during a prior period	(183)	0
Increases as a result of tax positions taken during the current period	639	1,169
Decreases resulting from the lapse of the applicable statute of limitations	(3,419)	0
Gross unrecognized tax benefits at end of year	8,690	11,653
Total gross unrecognized tax benefits	8,690	11,653
Amounts netted against related deferred tax assets	(4,337)	(7,097)
Unrecognized tax benefits recorded on the consolidated balance sheet	$ 4,353	$ 4,556

Stock-based compensation - Summ

Stock-based compensation - Summary of Share Based Compensation recognized (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation	$ 62,614	$ 53,092	$ 42,863
Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation	882	1,816	4,499
Restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation	46,590	37,693	28,040
Performance restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation	15,120	12,948	6,270
Restricted stock awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation	22	155	1,335
Performance restricted stock awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation	0	138	2,719
Total non-cash stock-based compensation expense
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation	62,614	52,750	42,863
Acquisition awards exchanged for cash
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation	0	342	0
Cost of revenue
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation	14,426	11,258	7,996
Sales and marketing
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation	9,821	7,001	6,986
Technology and development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation	13,828	13,132	10,772
General and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation	24,539	21,359	17,109
Other expense, net
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation	$ 0	$ 342	$ 0

Stock-based compensation - Narr

Stock-based compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)		0	0
Weighted-average fair value at date of grant (in usd per share)				$ 23.68
Expected dividend yield		0%		0%
Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expiration period after termination (in years)		10 years
Expiration period from termination of employment (in days)		90 days
Recognition period for stock-based compensation (in years)		2 months 12 days
Unrecognized stock compensation expense to be recognized in future		$ 0.1
Restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Aggregate intrinsic value		$ 7.2	$ 19.3	$ 15.4
Recognition period for stock-based compensation (in years)		2 years 4 months 24 days
Weighted-average grant date fair value (in usd per share)		$ 75.64	$ 64.87	$ 56.93
Award vesting period (in years)		4 years
Percentage of options vested (as a percent)	25%
Performance units awards (in shares)		1,693,000
Aggregate intrinsic value		$ 50.7	$ 40.9	$ 31.8
Compensation not yet recognized, other than options		$ 146
Restricted stock awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)		4 years
Performance restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Performance units awards (in shares)		281,784	249,750	277,950
Grant date fair value		$ 32.1	$ 22.4	$ 20.8
Performance restricted stock units | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of options vested (as a percent)		0%	0%	0%
Performance restricted stock units | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of options vested (as a percent)		200%	200%	200%
Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of share authorized (in shares)		2,600,000
Percentage of capital stock (as a percent)		3%
Shares available for grant under incentive plan (in shares)		9,600,000

Stock-based compensation - Assu

Stock-based compensation - Assumptions (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected dividend yield	0%	0%
Expected stock price volatility		37.97%
Risk-free interest rate		1.39%
Expected life of options		5 years 2 months 4 days

Stock-based compensation - Stoc

Stock-based compensation - Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Number of options
Opening balance (in shares)	1,232
Exercised (in shares)	(203)
Forfeited (in shares)	(8)
Ending balance (in shares)	1,021	1,232
Vested and expected to vest as of year end (in shares)	1,021
Exercisable as of year end (in shares)	1,001
Range of exercise prices
Beginning balance, minimum (in usd per share)	$ 1.25
Beginning balance, maximum (in usd per share)	82.39
Exercised, minimum (in usd per share)	1.25
Exercised, maximum (in usd per share)	59.63
Forfeited, minimum (in usd per share)	25.45
Forfeited, maximum (in usd per share)	73.61
Ending balance, minimum (in usd per share)	14	$ 1.25
Ending balance, maximum (in usd per share)	82.39	82.39
Weighted- average exercise price
Opening balance (in usd per share)	35.64
Exercised (in usd per share)	32.56
Forfeited (in usd per share)	60.84
Ending balance (in usd per share)	36.06	$ 35.64
Vested and expected to vest (in usd per share)	36.06
Exercisable (in usd per share)	$ 35.29
Weighted- average contractual term (in years)	3 years 2 months 12 days	4 years 2 months 12 days
Vested and expected to vest, weighted- average contractual term (in years)	3 years 2 months 12 days
Exercisable, weighted-average contractual term (in years)	3 years 1 month 6 days
Aggregate intrinsic value	$ 27,293	$ 25,719
Vested and expected to vest, aggregate intrinsic value	27,293
Exercisable, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 27,293

Stock-based compensation - Rest

Stock-based compensation - Restricted Stock Activity (Details) - Restricted stock units - $ / shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2021
Shares
Outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)	2,740
Granted (in shares)	1,693
Vested (in shares)	(761)
Forfeited (in shares)	(661)
Outstanding, ending balance (in shares)	3,011	2,740
Weighted-average grant date fair value
Outstanding, beginning balance (in usd per share)	$ 63.15
Granted (in usd per share)	75.64	$ 64.87	$ 56.93
Vested (in usd per share)	59.15
Forfeited (in usd per share)	66.71
Outstanding, ending balance (in usd per share)	$ 70.40	$ 63.15

Fair value - Narrative (Details

Fair value - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	Jan. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Level 2 | 4.500% Senior Notes due 2029
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of the notes	$ 536.9

Employee benefits (Details)

Employee benefits (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2021
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Maximum coverage per incident under self-insurance	$ 400,000
Accrued Compensation
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Liability for self-insured medical claims	$ 5,100,000	$ 3,900,000
Supplemental Employee Retirement Plan | 401(k)
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Percent of employees eligible earnings (as a percent)	3.50%
Employer matching contribution expense	$ 8,000,000	$ 7,100,000	$ 6,500,000