Significant Accounting Policies | Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions required under GAAP which may differ from actual results. The more significant areas requiring the use of management estimates relate to revenue recognition; the allowance for uncollectible receivables; accruals for self-insured retention limits related to medical, workers’ compensation, auto and general liability insurance claims; accruals for home warranties and termite damage claims; the possible outcome of outstanding litigation; accruals for income tax liabilities as well as deferred tax accounts; the deferral and amortization of customer acquisition costs; share based compensation; useful lives for depreciation and amortization expense; the valuation of marketable securities; and the valuation of tangible and intangible assets. In 2015, there have been no changes in the significant areas that require estimates or in the underlying methodologies used in determining the amounts of these associated estimates. The allowance for receivables is developed based on several factors including overall customer credit quality, historical write-off experience and specific account analyses that project the ultimate collectability of the outstanding balances. As such, these factors may change over time causing the reserve level to vary. The Company carries insurance policies on insurable risks at levels which it believes to be appropriate, including workers’ compensation, auto and general liability risks. The Company purchases insurance policies from third-party insurance carriers, which typically incorporate significant deductibles or self-insured retentions. The Company is responsible for all claims that fall below the retention limits. In determining the Company’s accrual for self-insured claims, the Company uses historical claims experience to establish both the current year accrual and the underlying provision for future losses. This actuarially determined provision and related accrual include known claims, as well as incurred but not reported claims. The Company adjusts its estimate of accrued self-insured claims when required to reflect changes based on factors such as changes in health care costs, accident frequency and claim severity. The Company seeks to reduce the potential amount of loss arising from self-insured claims by insuring certain levels of risk. While insurance agreements are designed to limit the Company’s losses from large exposure and permit recovery of a portion of direct unpaid losses, insurance does not relieve the Company of its ultimate liability. Accordingly, the accruals for insured claims represent the Company’s total unpaid gross losses. Insurance recoverables, which are reported within Prepaid expenses and other assets and Other assets, relate to estimated insurance recoveries on the insured claims reserves. Accruals for home warranty claims in the American Home Shield business are made based on the Company’s claims experience and actuarial projections. Termite damage claim accruals in the Terminix business are recorded based on both the historical rates of claims incurred within a contract year and the cost per claim. Current activity could differ causing a change in estimates. The Company has certain liabilities with respect to existing or potential claims, lawsuits, and other proceedings. The Company accrues for these liabilities when it is probable that future costs will be incurred and such costs can be reasonably estimated. Any resulting adjustments, which could be material, are recorded in the period the adjustments are identified. The Company records deferred income tax balances based on the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying value of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and income tax purposes. The Company records its deferred tax items based on the estimated value of the tax basis. The Company adjusts tax estimates when required to reflect changes based on factors such as changes in tax laws, relevant court decisions, results of tax authority reviews and statutes of limitations. The Company records a liability for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company recognizes potential interest and penalties related to its uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. Revenue Revenues from pest control services, as well as liquid and fumigation termite applications, are recognized as the services are provided. The Company eradicates termites through the use of non-baiting methods (e.g., fumigation or liquid treatments) and baiting systems. Termite services using baiting systems and termite inspection and protection contracts are frequently sold through annual contracts. Service costs for these contracts are expensed as incurred. The Company recognizes revenue over the life of these contracts in proportion to the expected direct costs. Those costs bear a direct relationship to the fulfillment of the Company’s obligations under the contracts and are representative of the relative value provided to the customer (proportional performance method). The Company regularly reviews its estimates of direct costs for its termite bait contracts and termite inspection and protection contracts and adjusts the estimates when appropriate. Home warranty contracts are typically one year in duration. Home warranty claims costs are expensed as incurred. The Company recognizes revenue over the life of these contracts in proportion to the expected direct costs. Those costs bear a direct relationship to the fulfillment of the Company’s obligations under the contracts and are representative of the relative value provided to the customer (proportional performance method). The Company regularly reviews its estimates of claims costs and adjusts the estimates when appropriate. The Company has franchise agreements in its Terminix, ServiceMaster Restore, ServiceMaster Clean, Merry Maids, Furniture Medic and AmeriSpec businesses. Franchise revenue (which in the aggregate represents approximately five p ercent of annual consolidated revenue from continuing operations) consists principally of continuing monthly fees based upon the franchisee’s customer-level revenue. Monthly fee revenue is recognized when the related customer-level revenue generating activity is performed by the franchisee and collectability is reasonably assured. Franchise revenue also includes initial fees resulting from the sale of a franchise or a license. These initial franchise or license fees are pre-established fixed amounts and are recognized as revenue when collectability is reasonably assured and all material services or conditions relating to the sale have been substantially performed. Total profits from the franchised operations were $20 million and $18 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 , respectively, and $56 million and $54 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively . The portion of total franchise fee income related to initial fees received from the sale of franchises was immaterial to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements for all periods. Revenues are presented net of sales taxes collected and remitted to government taxing authorities on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The Company had $549 million and $514 million of deferred revenue as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Deferred revenue consists primarily of payments received for annual contracts relating to home warranties, termite baiting, termite inspection and pest control services. Deferred Customer Acquisition Costs Customer acquisition costs, which are incremental and direct costs of obtaining a customer, are deferred and amortized over the life of the related contract in proportion to revenue recognized. These costs include sales commissions and direct selling costs which can be shown to have resulted in a successful sale. Deferred customer acquisition costs amounted to $34 million and $35 million as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Advertising On an interim basis, certain advertising costs are deferred and recognized approximately in proportion to the revenue over the year and are not deferred beyond the calendar year-end. Certain other advertising costs are expensed when the advertising occurs. The cost of direct-response advertising at Terminix, consisting primarily of direct-mail promotions, is capitalized and amortized over its expected period of future benefits. Deferred advertising costs are included in Prepaid expenses and other assets on the condensed consolidated statements of financial position. Inventory Inventories are recorded at the lower of cost (primarily on a weighted average cost basis) or market. The Company’s inventory primarily consists of finished goods to be used on the customers’ premises or sold to franchisees. Property and Equipment, Intangible Assets and Goodwill Fixed assets and intangible assets with finite lives are depreciated and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. These lives are based on the Company’s previous experience for similar assets, potential market obsolescence and other industry and business data. As required by accounting standards for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets, the Company’s long-lived assets, including fixed assets and intangible assets (other than goodwill), are tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If the carrying value is no longer recoverable based upon the undiscounted future cash flows of the asset, an impairment loss would be recognized equal to the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the asset. Changes in the estimated useful lives or in the asset values could cause the Company to adjust its book value or future expense accordingly. Depreciation of property and equipment, including depreciation of assets held under capital leases, was $11 million and $12 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and $ 35 million and $ 36 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The Company recorded an impairment charge of $47 million ( $28 million, net of tax) in the nine months ended September 30, 2014 relating to its decision in the first quarter of 2014 to abandon its efforts to deploy a new operating system at American Home Shield. This impairment represented an adjustment of the carrying value of the asset to its estimated fair value of zero on a non-recurring basis. The Company’s goodwill is assigned to four reporting units: Terminix, American Home Shield, ServiceMaster Clean and Merry Maids. The October 1, 2014 estimated fair values for all reporting units except Merry Maids were significantly in excess of their respective carrying values. The estimated fair value of the Merry Maids reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by 3 percent. As of October 1, 2014, the Company has assigned $54 million of the Company’s goodwill to the Merry Maids reporting unit. Key assumptions in determining the estimated fair value of the Merry Maids reporting unit include the assumed discount rate and expected future cash flows. Any increase in the assumed discount rate, decrease in expected future cash flows or adverse changes in any of the other assumptions used in the impairment test would result in a decline in the estimated fair value of the Merry Maids reporting unit and may result in an impairment. It is possible that such impairment, if required, could be material. Restricted Net Assets There are third-party restrictions on the ability of certain of the Company’s subsidiaries to transfer funds to the Company. These restrictions are related to regulatory requirements at American Home Shield and to a subsidiary borrowing arrangement at the ServiceMaster Acceptance Company Limited Partnership (“SMAC”), the Company’s financing subsidiary exclusively dedicated to providing financing to the Company’s franchisees and retail customers of the Company’s operating units. The payments of ordinary and extraordinary dividends by the Company’s home warranty and similar subsidiaries (through which the Company conducts its American Home Shield business) are subject to significant regulatory restrictions under the laws and regulations of the states in which they operate. Among other things, such laws and regulations require certain such subsidiaries to maintain minimum capital and net worth requirements and may limit the amount of ordinary and extraordinary dividends and other payments that these subsidiaries can pay to the Company. As of September 30, 2015, the total net assets subject to these third-party restrictions was $171 million. None of the Company’s subsidiaries are obligated to make funds available to the Company through the payment of dividends. Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Credit Risk See Note 16 for information relating to the fair value of financial instruments. Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to financial and credit risk, consist principally of investments and receivables. Investments consist primarily of publicly traded debt, certificates of deposit and common equity securities. The Company periodically reviews its portfolio of investments to determine whether there has been an other than temporary decline in the value of the investments from factors such as deterioration in the financial condition of the issuer or the market(s) in which the issuer competes. The majority of the Company’s receivables have little concentration of credit risk due to the large number of customers with relatively small balances and their dispersion across geographical areas. The Company maintains an allowance for losses based upon the expected collectability of receivables. Income Taxes The Company and its subsidiaries file consolidated U.S. federal income tax returns. State and local returns are filed both on a separate company basis and on a combined unitary basis with the Company. Current and deferred income taxes are provided for on a separate company basis. The Company accounts for income taxes using an asset and liability approach for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company’s financial statements or tax returns. Deferred income taxes are provided to reflect the differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. The Company records a liability for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in its tax return. The Company recognizes potential interest and penalties related to its uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. Stock-Based Compensation S tock-based compensation expense is estimated at the grant date based on an award’s fair value as calculated by the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period. The Black-Scholes model requires various highly judgmental assumptions including expected volatility and option life. If any of the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model change significantly, stock-based compensation expense may differ materially in the future from that recorded in the current period. In addition, the Company estimate s the expected forfeiture rate and only recognize s expense for those shares expected to vest. The Company estimate s the forfeiture rate based on historical experience. To the extent the actual for feiture rate is different from the estimate, stock-based compensation expense is adjusted accordingly. See Note 6 to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company ’ s board of directors and management intended all options granted to be exercisable, at a price per share not less than the per share fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The Company grant s options to participants with an exercise price equal to the then current fair value of the common stock. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, increased to include the number of shares of common stock that would have been outstanding had potential dilutive shares of common stock been issued. The dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) are reflected in diluted net income (loss) per share by applying the treasury stock method. See Note 17 to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Newly Issued Accounting Statements and Positions In April 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-08, “Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosure of Disposals of Components of an Entity” to change the criteria for reporting discontinued operations and enhance the convergence of the FASB’s and the International Standard Board’s reporting requirements for discontinued operations. The changes in ASU 2014-08 amend the definition of discontinued operations by limiting discontinued operations reporting to disposals of components of an entity that represent strategic shifts that have or will have a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results. ASU 2014-08 requires expanded disclosures for discontinued operations and also requires an entity to disclose the pretax profit or loss of an individually significant component of an entity that does not qualify for discontinued operations reporting. The amendments in ASU 2014-08 are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2014. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” to provide a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. This model supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The core principle of the revenue model is that “an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.” Entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or modified approach to adopt the guidance. The amendments in ASU 2014-09 must be applied using either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method and are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years, and interim period within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2014-09. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, “Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs” to change the presentation of debt issuance costs in financial statements as part of the FASB’s simplification initiative. Under current guidance, an entity reports debt issuance costs in the balance sheet as deferred charges (i.e., as an asset). The ASU specifies that now “debt issuance costs related to a note shall be reported in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the face amount of that note” and that “amortization of debt issuance costs also shall be reported as interest expense.” The amendments in ASU 2015-03 are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2015. The adoption of ASU 2015-03 will result in the retrospective presentation of debt issuance costs as a direct deduction from the face amount of that note instead of the current presentation as an asset for each of the balance sheet periods presented. The Company currently reports the amortization of debt issuance costs as interest expense. |