Long-Term Debt | 4. Long-Term Debt The table below provides a reconciliation of the Company’s long-term debt balance as presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheets for the periods presented: March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Term Loan, principal balance (1) $ 263,229 $ 256,599 Less: Unamortized deferred financing costs (2) (4,493 ) (4,724 ) Unamortized debt discount (2) (21,676 ) (22,464 ) Term Loan, net $ 237,060 $ 229,411 Notes, principal balance $ 162,500 $ 162,500 Less: Unamortized deferred financing costs (2) (2,496 ) (2,631 ) Unamortized debt discount (2) (44,306 ) (46,328 ) Notes, net $ 115,698 $ 113,541 Total long-term debt $ 352,758 $ 342,952 (1) Pursuant to Amendment No. 2 (as defined below), the Company can elect to pay in kind 100% of the interest due after June 30, 2017 to December 31, 2018. The Company elected to pay in kind 100% of the interest due for the period June 30, 2017 to January 1, 2018 in the amount of $13.2 million, thus increasing the outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan to $263.2 million. The Company elected to pay in kind 100% of the interest due for the period January 2, 2018 to April 1, 2018 in the amount of $6.5 million and such was accrued at March 31, 2018 due to the interest payment date falling on a weekend outside of quarter end. (2) The unamortized deferred financing costs and debt discount will be amortized over the remaining life of the Term Loan and Notes (as defined below), respectively, based on the effective interest method. Ares Investment Transactions On March 3, 2017, certain funds (the “Purchasers”) managed indirectly by Ares Management LLC (“Ares”) purchased from the Company for cash (i) $125.0 million aggregate principal amount of its Convertible Notes due 2022 (“Notes”) sold at par, which Notes, subject to the receipt of approval of the Company’s stockholders which was obtained on May 2, 2017, are convertible into common stock or, in certain circumstances, cash in lieu of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock as described below and (ii) 29,408,305 shares of common stock for a purchase price of $50.0 million. In addition, an affiliate of Ares concurrently loaned the Company $250.0 million pursuant to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement among the Company (the “Term Loan”), as borrower, the guarantors party thereto, AF V Energy I Holdings, L.P., a fund managed indirectly by Ares, as lender, and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Administrative Agent as further described below. The proceeds from the sale of the Notes, the common stock and the Term Loan were used to fully repay and redeem the Company’s prior Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below) and to satisfy and discharge its $325.0 million of 8.625% senior secured notes due May 2018, which were satisfied and discharged on March 3, 2017 by irrevocably calling for redemption and depositing with the indenture trustee cash in the amount of the redemption price of 102.156% of their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date of March 24, 2017, and to pay the expenses from the Ares transactions. In order to provide funding for the STACK Leasehold Acquisition and a portion of the Company’s 2017 capital budget, on March 21, 2017, the Purchasers purchased from the Company for cash an additional $75.0 million aggregate principal amount of its Notes sold at par (the “Additional Notes”). The Notes, including the Additional Notes, were issued with conversion rights that were subject to the approval of holders of issued and outstanding common stock (other than the Purchasers), which approval was obtained May 2, 2017 (the “Requisite Stockholder Approval”). Pursuant to the purchase agreement for the Additional Notes, upon receipt of Requisite Stockholder Approval, Purchasers and the Company exchanged $37.5 million principal amount of the Additional Notes for (a) 25,456,521 newly issued shares of common stock (the “Repurchase Shares”) and (b) 2,000 shares of the Company’s Special Voting Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Mandatory Repurchase”). The terms of Mandatory Repurchase, which was effected May 5, 2017, provided for one Repurchase Share issued for each $1.4731 of outstanding principal of the repurchased Notes, which was based on the 10-day volume weighted average trading price (“VWAP”) of the common stock for the period ended March 17, 2017. The exchange reduced the aggregate principal amount of issued and outstanding Notes from $200.0 million to $162.5 million at June 30, 2017, which principal amount remains outstanding at March 31, 2018. Term Loan On March 3, 2017, the Company entered into a credit agreement for the Term Loan. The Term Loan bears interest at a per annum rate equal to 8.5%, payable on a quarterly basis on each March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 of each year, commencing March 31, 2017. The Term Loan has a scheduled maturity of March 3, 2022. In addition, the Term Loan is subject to an interest “make-whole” and repayment premium, such that any repayment or prepayment of the loans thereunder prior to the stated maturity date shall be subject to the payment of a repayment premium, and depending on the date of such repayment or prepayment, the applicable interest “make-whole” amount, with the amount of such repayment premium decreasing over the life of the Term Loan. The Term Loan is guaranteed by the Company’s sole domestic subsidiary and will be guaranteed by all of the Company's future domestic subsidiaries formed during the term of the Term Loan. The Term Loan is secured by a first-priority lien on substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, excluding certain assets as customary exceptions. The Term Loan contains various customary covenants for credit facilities of this type, including, among others, restrictions on granting liens, incurrence of other indebtedness, payments of certain dividends and other restricted payments, engaging in transactions with affiliates, dispositions of assets and other, in each case subject to certain baskets and exceptions. At March 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with such covenants. All outstanding amounts owed become due and payable upon the occurrence of certain usual and customary events of default, including among others (i) failure to make payments; (ii) non-performance of covenants and obligations continuing beyond any applicable grace period; and (iii) the occurrence of a change in control of the Company, as defined in the Term Loan. At March 31, 2018, no events of default had occurred. The Company accounted for the Term Loan in accordance with guidance relating to “ Debt with Conversion and Other Options On March 20, 2017, the Company, together with the parties thereto, entered into an Amendment No. 1 to the Term Loan which amendment permitted the issuance of the Additional Notes. On August 2, 2017, the Company, together with the parties thereto, entered into an Amendment No. 2 to Term Loan (“Amendment No. 2”). Amendment No. 2 amended the Term Loan, to among other things, (i) allow for the payment of pay in kind (“PIK”) interest on the Term Loan at the applicable PIK percentage and (ii) increased the applicable rate for periods ending after June 30, 2017 from 8.5% per annum to 10.25% per annum. Amendment No. 2 allows the Company to elect to PIK upon proper notice 100% of interest payments due after June 30, 2017 and prior to December 31, 2018 and at the Company’s election, PIK between 0% and 50% of any interest payments occurring after December 31, 2018 (other than interest due on the maturity date or the date of any repayment or prepayment). The Term Loan interest rate increased to 10.25% for all interest periods post June 30, 2017 and the PIK interest shall be payable by capitalizing and adding such amounts to the outstanding principal amount of the Term Loan on the applicable interest payment date. On September 18, 2017, the Company, together with the parties thereto, entered into an Amendment No. 3 to the Term Loan (“Amendment No. 3”). Amendment No. 3 amended the Term Loan to, among other things, expressly provide that certain assignments of oil and natural gas properties made or to be made by the Company to Red Bluff Resources Operating, LLC (“Red Bluff”), pursuant to the Red Bluff Purchase and Sale Agreement dated October 19, 2016 between the Company and Red Bluff (“Red Bluff PSA”), are permitted by the Term Loan and are not subject to the mandatory prepayment provisions applicable to “Asset Sales” under the Term Loan. The carrying amount of the Term Loan for the periods indicated are as follows: March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Term Loan, principal balance (1) $ 263,229 $ 256,599 Less: Unamortized deferred financing costs (2) (4,493 ) (4,724 ) Unamortized debt discount (2) (21,676 ) (22,464 ) Term loan, net $ 237,060 $ 229,411 (1) Pursuant to Amendment No. 2, the Company can elect to pay in kind 100% of the interest due after June 30, 2017 to December 31, 2018. The Company elected to pay in kind 100% of the interest due for the period June 30, 2017 to January 1, 2018 in the amount of $13.2 million, thus increasing the outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan to $263.2 million. The Company elected to pay in kind 100% of the interest due for the period January 2, 2018 to April 1, 2018 in the amount of $6.5 million and such was accrued at March 31, 2018 due to the interest payment date falling on a weekend outside of quarter end. (2) The unamortized deferred financing costs and debt discount will be amortized over the remaining life of the Term Loan based on the effective interest method. Indenture and Notes On March 3, 2017, the Company entered into an indenture (the “Indenture”) by and among the Company, the subsidiary guarantor named therein, and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”) and collateral trustee, with respect to the Notes. The principal terms of the Notes are governed by the Indenture. Pursuant to the Indenture, the Notes were issued for cash at par, bear interest at 6.0% per annum and will mature on March 1, 2022, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted in accordance with the terms of the Indenture. Interest is payable on the Notes on each March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1 of each year, commencing on June 1, 2017. Pursuant to the Indenture, Requisite Stockholder Approval was required on or before July 3, 2017 to approve the conversion rights of the Notes (including the Additional Notes) to be convertible at the option of the holder into shares of common stock based on the terms of the Indenture. Requisite Stockholder Approval was obtained on May 2, 2017 at a special meeting of stockholders. The interest rate on the Notes was subject to an increase in certain circumstances if the Company fails to comply with certain obligations under a Registration Rights Agreement and on the Notes in the case of certain issuances of common stock by the Company at a price below $1.7002 per share (subject to adjustment). The Notes are secured by a second-priority lien on substantially all of the assets of the Company and its sole subsidiary. If at least a majority of the Notes issued pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement dated February 16, 2017 (the “Purchase Agreement”) cease to be held by affiliates of Ares as provided in the Indenture, the liens securing the Notes will be released and substantially all of the restrictive covenants in the Indenture will terminate. The Indenture restricts the ability of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries to, among other things: (i) pay dividends or make other distributions in respect of the Company’s capital stock or make other restricted payments; (ii) incur additional indebtedness and issue preferred stock; (iii) make certain dispositions and transfers of assets; (iv) engage in transactions with affiliates; (v) create liens; (vi) engage in certain business activities that are not related to oil and gas; and (vii) impair any security interest. These covenants are subject to a number of exceptions and qualifications. The Indenture provides that a number of events will constitute an Event of Default (as defined in the Indenture), including, among other things: (i) a failure to pay the Notes when due at maturity, upon redemption or repurchase; (ii) failure to pay interest for 30 days; (iii) the Company’s failure to deliver certain notices; (iv) a default in the Company’s obligation to convert the Notes; (v) the Company’s failure to comply with certain covenants relating to merger, consolidation or sale of assets; (vi) the Company’s failure to comply, for 60 days following notice, with any of the other covenants or agreements in the Indenture; (vii) a default, which is not cured within 30 days, by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiaries (as defined in the Indenture) with respect to any mortgages or any indebtedness for money borrowed of at least $15 million; (viii) one or more final judgments against the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries for the payment of at least $15 million; (ix) the Company’s failure to make any payments required under that certain development agreement, which is not cured within 30 days; (x) causing any Guarantee (as defined in the Indenture) to cease to be in full force and effect; (xi) the cessation to be in full force and effect of any of the collateral agreements entered into with respect to the Notes; and (xii) certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency. In the case of an Event of Default arising from certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency with respect to the Company, all outstanding Notes will become due and payable immediately without further action or notice. If any other Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Notes may declare all the Notes to be due and payable immediately. At March 31, 2018, no Event of Default had occurred. In accordance with accounting guidance relating to “ Debt with Conversion and Other Options” The carrying amount of the liability component of the Notes for the periods indicated are as follows: March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Notes, principal balance $ 162,500 $ 162,500 Less: Unamortized deferred financing costs (1) (2,496 ) (2,631 ) Unamortized debt discount (1) (44,306 ) (46,328 ) Notes, net $ 115,698 $ 113,541 (1) The unamortized deferred financing costs and debt discount will be amortized over the remaining life of the Notes based on the effective interest method. The carrying amount of the equity components of the Notes recorded in additional paid in capital for the periods indicated are as follows: March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Value of conversion option $ 77,626 $ 77,626 Debt issuance costs attributable to conversion option $ (2,164 ) $ (2,164 ) Total $ 75,462 $ 75,462 Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Facility On June 7, 2013, the Company entered into the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement among the Company, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, Collateral Agent, Swing Line Lender and Issuing Lender and the lenders named therein (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). The Revolving Credit Facility had a scheduled maturity of November 14, 2017. On January 10, 2017, the Company, together with the parties thereto, entered into an amendment to the Revolving Credit Facility (“Amendment No. 10”), which amended the Revolving Credit Facility to, among other things, permit the payment of certain cash dividends on its preferred stock, including the dividends declared payable on January 31, 2017, provided that (i) the Company’s borrowing base was correspondingly reduced in the amount of any such dividend payment and (ii) the Company paid down its outstanding indebtedness under the Revolving Credit Facility in the amount of any resulting borrowing base deficiency. Under Amendment No. 10, payment of the declared January 2017 dividend and monthly preferred stock cash dividends through May 2017 was permitted contingent upon the satisfaction of certain conditions, including but not limited to, (i) the absence of any defaults or borrowing base deficiency, (ii) for any dividends declared and paid in respect of April 2017 and May 2017, having cash liquidity (including any available borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility) of more than $30.0 million and (iii) paying any permitted dividends solely from proceeds received by the Company from sales of equity since November 30, 2016 (including through the Company’s at-the-market issuance sales agreement with a third-party sales agent to sell, from time to time, shares of the Company’s common stock (the “ATM Program”). Under Amendment No. 10, the Company also agreed to pay down indebtedness under its Revolving Credit Facility by at least an additional $8.1 million by April 30, 2017. On March 3, 2017, the Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the transactions described in this Note 4 under the caption “Ares Investment Transactions” above to fully repay all of the $69.2 million borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility (which was terminated on such date). Senior Secured Notes At December 31, 2016, the Company had $325.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8 5/8% Senior Secured Notes due May 15, 2018 (the “Former Notes”) outstanding under an indenture by and among the Company, the Guarantors named therein (the “Guarantors”), Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee (in such capacity, the “Former Notes Trustee”) and Collateral Agent. The Notes bore interest at a rate of 8.625% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year. Effective May 17, 2016, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association resigned as Former Notes Trustee and Collateral Agent and Wilmington Trust, National Association was appointed Trustee and Collateral Agent pursuant to the Indenture. On March 3, 2017, the redemption price plus interest on all of the Company’s outstanding $325.0 million principal of the Former Notes was funded to satisfy and discharge the Former Notes from a portion of the net proceeds from the transactions described in this Note 4 under the caption “Ares Investment Transactions” above. All of the Former Notes were satisfied and discharged on March 3, 2017 by irrevocably calling for redemption and depositing with the indenture trustee cash in the amount of the redemption price of 102.156% of the principal amount, or principal plus an additional $7.0 million, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date of March 24, 2017. Additionally, the Company wrote-off $5.2 million of remaining unamortized deferred financing costs related to the Former Notes upon redemption. |