Stock-Based Compensation | 9. Stock-Based Compensation 2018 Equity Incentive Plan In June 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2018 Plan, which became effective on July 18, 2018. The 2018 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-qualified options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and other stock-based awards. The number of shares initially reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan was 3,025,101. The number of shares reserved shall be annually increased on January 1, 2019 and each January 1 thereafter through January 1, 2028 by the least of (i) 2,216,368 shares, (ii) 4% of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding on the first day of the year or (iii) an amount determined by the Company’s board of directors. The shares of common stock underlying any awards that are expired, forfeited, canceled, held back upon exercise or settlement of an award to satisfy the exercise price or tax withholding, repurchased or are otherwise terminated by the Company under the 2018 Plan or any predecessor plan such as the 2008 Equity Incentive Plan will be added back to the shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2018 Plan. In January 2020, the shares available for issuance under the 2018 Plan were increased by 1,668,762 shares pursuant to the annual increase described above. As of March 31, 2020, 2,539,355 shares remained available for future issuance under the 2018 Plan. 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan In June 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan which became effective on July 18, 2018. A total of 272,504 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under this plan. The number of shares reserved shall be annually increased on January 1, 2020 and each January 1 thereafter through January 1, 2028 by the least of (i) 545,008 shares, (ii) 1% of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding on the first day of the year or (iii) an amount determined by the Company’s board of directors. In January 2020, the shares available for issuance under the 2018 Plan were increased by 417,190 shares pursuant to the annual increase described above. As of March 31, 2020, 689,694 shares remained available for future issuance under the 2018 Plan. Stock Option Issuances The following is a summary of stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2020: Stock Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) Outstanding as of December 31, 2019 4,211,068 $ 8.95 8.39 $ 160,689 Granted 865,235 $ 36.13 Exercised (103,025 ) $ 8.84 Forfeited (57,885 ) $ 11.89 Outstanding as of March 31, 2020 4,915,393 $ 13.70 8.45 $ 92,022 Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2020 4,915,393 $ 13.70 8.45 $ 92,022 Exercisable at March 31, 2020 1,463,880 $ 7.50 7.60 $ 35,031 During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company granted options to employees and directors for the purchase of 865,235 shares of common stock with a weighted average exercise price of $36.13 per share and a weighted average grant-date fair value of $25.36 per share. The Company estimated the fair value of each stock option award using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the following assumptions: Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 2019 Risk-free interest rate 1.46 % 2.49 % Expected volatility 82.17 % 82.13 % Expected dividend yield — — Expected term (in years) 6.06 6.06 As of March 31, 2020, total unrecognized compensation cost related to the unvested stock-based awards was $37.4 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.22 years. Stock-Based Compensation The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense in the following expense categories of its statements of operations and comprehensive loss (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 2019 Research and development expenses $ 1,006 $ 524 General and administrative expenses 1,553 789 Total $ 2,559 $ 1,313 |