BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS | BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS 2019 Acquisition ValuePenguin On January 10, 2019 , the Company acquired Value Holding, Inc., the parent company of ValuePenguin Inc. ("ValuePenguin"), a personal finance website that offers consumers objective analysis on a variety of financial topics from insurance to credit cards. The Company made an upfront cash payment of $106.1 million at the closing of the transaction, funded through $90.0 million drawn on the Company's revolving credit facility and the balance using cash on hand. The purchase price of $106.2 million is comprised of the upfront cash payment of $106.1 million and a $0.1 million post-closing payment for working capital settlement. The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination. In 2019, the Company completed the determination of the final allocation of purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as follows (in thousands) : Fair Value Net working capital $ 2,502 Fixed assets 68 Intangible assets 31,600 Goodwill 71,739 Net noncurrent assets 323 Total purchase price $ 106,232 The Company primarily used the income approach for the valuation as appropriate, and used valuation inputs in these models and analyses that were based on market participant assumptions. Market participants are buyers and sellers unrelated to the Company and fair value is determined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction at the measurement date. The acquired intangible assets are definite-lived assets consisting of developed technology, content and trademarks and tradenames. The estimated fair values of the developed technology were determined using the cost replacement method, the content was determined using the excess earnings method, and the trademarks and tradenames were determined using the relief from royalty method. The estimated fair value of the intangible assets are based on estimates for content lifecycles, estimates for revenue growth rates, estimates for future cash flows, the probability weighting of scenarios and discount rates, known at the acquisition date, which management believes are reasonable. The fair value of the intangible assets with definite lives is as follows (dollars in thousands) : Fair Value Weighted Average Amortization Life Technology $ 4,200 3 years Content 26,100 3 years Trademarks and tradenames 1,300 5 years Total intangible assets $ 31,600 3.1 years The Company recorded goodwill of $71.7 million , which represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired, net of the liabilities assumed. The goodwill is primarily attributable to ValuePenguin as a going concern, which represents the ability of the Company to earn a higher return on the collection of assets and business of ValuePenguin than if those assets and business were to be acquired and managed separately. The benefit of access to the workforce is an additional element of goodwill. The goodwill was recorded in the Company’s then one reportable segment. For income tax purposes, the Company accounted for the acquisition as an asset purchase which would indicate the goodwill will be tax deductible. Subsequent to the acquisition date, the Company’s consolidated results of operations include the results of the acquired ValuePenguin business. In 2019 , the Company’s consolidated results of operations include revenue of $19.8 million attributable to the ValuePenguin business. In the first six months of 2019 , net income from continuing operations attributable to the ValuePenguin business was $3.1 million . Due to the integration of the ValuePenguin business subsequent to the acquisition, earnings of the acquired ValuePenguin business beginning in the third quarter of 2019 is impracticable to determine with sufficient accuracy. Acquisition-related costs were $0.1 million in 2019 and are included in general and administrative expense on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income. 2018 Acquisitions QuoteWizard On October 31, 2018 , the Company acquired QuoteWizard.com, LLC ("QuoteWizard"), one of the largest insurance comparison marketplaces in the growing online insurance advertising market. QuoteWizard services clients by driving consumers to insurance companies’ websites, providing leads to agents and carriers, as well as phone transfers of consumers into carrier call centers. The Company paid $299.9 million in initial cash consideration, funded through $174.9 million of cash on hand and $125.0 million drawn on the Company's revolving credit facility, and could make up to three additional earnout payments, each ranging from zero to $23.4 million , based on certain defined operating results during the earnout periods November 1, 2018 through October 31, 2019, November 1, 2019 through October 31, 2020, and November 1, 2020 through October 31, 2021. These additional payments, to the extent earned, will be payable in cash. The purchase price of $313.4 million is comprised of the upfront cash payment of $299.9 million , $13.9 million for the estimated fair value of the earnout payments, and a $0.4 million post-closing receipt for working capital settlement. In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company paid $23.4 million related to the earnout payment for the period of November 1, 2018 through October 31, 2019, of which $13.9 million is included within cash flows from financing activities and $9.5 million is included within cash flows from operating activities on the consolidated statement of cash flows. As of December 31, 2019 , the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration totaled $24.4 million , which is included in non-current contingent consideration in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration payments is determined using an option pricing model. The estimated value of the contingent consideration is based upon available information and certain assumptions, known at the time of this report, which management believes are reasonable. Any differences in the actual contingent consideration payments will be recorded in operating income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. During 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded $27.1 million and $6.8 million , respectively, of contingent consideration expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income due to the change in estimated fair value of the contingent consideration. The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination. In 2019, the Company completed the determination of the final allocation of purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as follows (in thousands) : Fair Value Net working capital $ 8,521 Fixed assets 1,509 Intangible assets 120,400 Goodwill 182,896 Other noncurrent assets 29 Total purchase price $ 313,355 The Company primarily used the income approach for the valuation as appropriate, and used valuation inputs in these models and analyses that were based on market participant assumptions. Market participants are buyers and sellers unrelated to the Company and fair value is determined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction at the measurement date. The acquired intangible assets are definite-lived assets consisting of developed technology, customer relationships, content and trademarks and tradenames. The estimated fair values of the developed technology were determined using the excess earnings method, the customer relationships were determined using the distributor method, the content was determined using the cost replacement method, and the trademarks and tradenames were determined using the relief from royalty method. The fair value of the intangible assets with definite lives is as follows (dollars in thousands) : Fair Value Weighted Average Amortization Life Technology $ 68,900 4 years Customer lists 42,700 14.7 years Content 1,000 3 years Trademarks and tradenames 7,800 5 years Total intangible assets $ 120,400 7.9 years The Company recorded goodwill of $182.9 million , which represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired, net of the liabilities assumed. The goodwill is primarily attributable to QuoteWizard as a going concern, which represents the ability of the Company to earn a higher return on the collection of assets and business of QuoteWizard than if those assets and business were to be acquired and managed separately. The benefit of access to the workforce is an additional element of goodwill. The goodwill was recorded in the Company’s then one reportable segment. For income tax purposes, the acquisition was an asset purchase and the goodwill will be tax deductible. Acquisition-related costs were $4.8 million in 2018 and are included in general and administrative expense on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income. The unaudited pro forma financial results for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 below combine the consolidated results of the Company and QuoteWizard, giving effect to the acquisition as if it had been completed on January 1, 2017. This unaudited pro forma financial information is presented for informational purposes only and is not indicative of future operations or results had the acquisition been completed as of January 1, 2017, or any other date. The unaudited pro forma financial results include adjustments for additional amortization expense based on the fair value of the intangible assets with definite lives and their estimated useful lives, as well as changes in depreciation expense associated with the change in fair value of the property, plant and equipment recorded in relation to the acquisition. Interest expense was adjusted to eliminate historical interest associated with QuoteWizard's revolving credit facility and notes payable that were not assumed with the acquisition, as well as reflect incremental interest expense associated with debt issued to finance the acquisition. The provision for income taxes from continuing operations has also been adjusted to reflect taxes on the historical results of operations of QuoteWizard. QuoteWizard did not pay taxes at the entity level as it was a limited liability company whose members elected for it to be taxed as a partnership. 2018 2017 (in thousands) Pro forma revenue $ 900,978 $ 701,184 Pro forma net income from continuing operations $ 110,015 $ 1,164 The unaudited pro forma net income from continuing operations in 2018 includes the aggregate after-tax contingent consideration expense associated with the QuoteWizard earnout of $4.9 million . The unaudited pro forma net income from continuing operations for 2017 has been adjusted to include acquisition-related costs of $5.9 million incurred by the Company and QuoteWizard that are directly attributable to the acquisition, which will not have an ongoing impact. Accordingly, these acquisition-related costs have been eliminated from the unaudited pro forma net income from continuing operations for 2018. Student Loan Hero On July 23, 2018 , the Company acquired Student Loan Hero, Inc., a personal finance website dedicated to helping student loan borrowers manage their student debt. Student Loan Hero offers current and former students in-depth financial comparison tools, educational resources, and unbiased, personalized advice. The Company made an upfront cash payment of $60.7 million at the closing of the transaction, of which $2.3 million was recognized as severance expense in the Company's consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. The purchase price of $60.4 million is comprised of the upfront cash payment of $60.7 million less the $2.3 million recognized as severance expense, and a $2.0 million post-closing payment for working capital settlement. The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination. During 2018, the Company completed the determination of the final allocation of purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as follows (in thousands) : Fair Value Net working capital $ 5,429 Intangible assets 19,600 Goodwill 40,856 Deferred tax liabilities (5,467 ) Total purchase price $ 60,418 The Company primarily used the income approach for the valuation as appropriate, and used valuation inputs in these models and analyses that were based on market participant assumptions. Market participants are buyers and sellers unrelated to the Company and fair value is determined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction at the measurement date. The acquired intangible assets are definite-lived assets consisting of content, customer relationships and trademarks and tradenames. The estimated fair values of the content was determined using the excess earnings method, the customer relationships were determined using the distributor method and the trademarks and tradenames were determined using the relief from royalty method. The fair value of the intangible assets with definite lives is as follows (dollars in thousands) : Fair Value Weighted Average Amortization Life Content $ 16,100 3 years Customer lists 2,500 10 years Trademarks and tradenames 1,000 5 years Total intangible assets $ 19,600 4.0 years The Company recorded goodwill of $40.9 million , which represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired, net of the liabilities assumed. The goodwill is primarily attributable to Student Loan Hero as a going concern, which represents the ability of the Company to earn a higher return on the collection of assets and business of Student Loan Hero than if those assets and business were to be acquired and managed separately. The benefit of access to the workforce is an additional element of goodwill. The goodwill was recorded in the Company’s then one reportable segment. For income tax purposes, the acquisition was an equity purchase and the goodwill will not be tax deductible. Acquisition-related costs were $0.5 million in 2018 and are included in general and administrative expense on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income. Ovation On June 11, 2018 , the Company acquired Ovation Credit Services, Inc., a leading provider of credit services with a strong customer service reputation. Ovation utilizes a proprietary software application that facilitates the credit repair process and is integrated directly with certain credit bureaus while educating consumers on credit improvement via ongoing outreach with Ovation case advisors. The proprietary software application offers consumers a simple, streamlined process to identify, dispute, and correct inaccuracies within their credit reports. The Company paid $12.2 million in initial cash consideration and could make up to two additional earnout payments, each ranging from zero to $4.4 million , based on certain defined operating metrics during the earnout periods July 1, 2018 through June 30, 2019 and July 1, 2019 through June 30, 2020. These additional payments, to the extent earned, will be payable in cash. The purchase price of $17.9 million is comprised of the upfront cash payment of $12.2 million , $5.8 million for the estimated fair value of the earnout payments, and a $0.1 million post-closing receipt for working capital settlement. In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company paid $4.4 million related to the earnout payment for the period of July 1, 2018 through June 30, 2019, which is included within cash flows from financing activities on the consolidated statement of cash flows. As of December 31, 2019 , the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration totaled $3.1 million , which is included in current contingent consideration in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration payments is determined using an option pricing model. The estimated value of the contingent consideration is based upon available information and certain assumptions, known at the time of this report, which management believes are reasonable. Any differences in the actual contingent consideration payments will be recorded in operating income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. During 2018, the Company recorded $1.6 million of contingent consideration expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income due to the change in estimated fair value of the contingent consideration. The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination. In 2019, the Company completed the determination of the final allocation of purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as follows (in thousands) : Fair Value Net working capital $ 303 Fixed assets 76 Intangible assets 8,900 Goodwill 11,280 Net deferred tax liabilities (2,688 ) Total purchase price $ 17,871 The Company primarily used the income approach for the valuation as appropriate, and used valuation inputs in these models and analyses that were based on market participant assumptions. Market participants are buyers and sellers unrelated to the Company and fair value is determined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction at the measurement date. The acquired intangible assets are definite-lived assets consisting of developed technology, customer relationships and trademarks and tradenames. The estimated fair values of the developed technology were determined using the excess earnings method, the customer relationships were determined using the cost savings method and the trademarks and tradenames were determined using the relief from royalty method. The fair value of the intangible assets with definite lives is as follows (dollars in thousands) : Fair Value Weighted Average Amortization Life Technology $ 6,000 7 years Customer lists 1,900 1 year Trademarks and tradenames 1,000 4 years Total intangible assets $ 8,900 5.4 years The Company recorded goodwill of $11.3 million , which represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired, net of the liabilities assumed. The goodwill is primarily attributable to Ovation as a going concern, which represents the ability of the Company to earn a higher return on the collection of assets and business of Ovation than if those assets and business were to be acquired and managed separately. The benefit of access to the workforce is an additional element of goodwill. The goodwill was recorded in the Company’s then one reportable segment. For income tax purposes, the acquisition was an equity purchase and the goodwill will not be tax deductible. Acquisition-related costs were $0.4 million in 2018 and are included in general and administrative expense on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income. 2017 Acquisitions SnapCap On September 19, 2017 , the Company acquired certain assets of Snap Capital LLC, which does business under the name SnapCap (“SnapCap”). SnapCap, a tech-enabled online platform, connects business owners with lenders offering small business loans, lines of credit and merchant cash advance products through a concierge-based sales approach. The Company paid $11.9 million of initial cash consideration and could make up to three additional contingent consideration payments, each ranging from zero to $3.0 million , based on certain defined operating results during the periods of October 1, 2017 through September 30, 2018, October 1, 2018 through September 30, 2019 and October 1, 2019 through March 31, 2020. These additional payments, to the extent earned, will be payable in cash. The purchase price for the acquisition is $18.2 million , comprised of the upfront cash payment of $11.9 million and $6.3 million for the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration. In the first quarter of 2019, the Company paid $3.0 million related to the earnout payment for the period of October 1, 2017 through September 30, 2018, which is included within cash flows from financing activities on the consolidated statement of cash flows. In January 2020, the Company paid $3.0 million related to the earnout payment for the period of October 1, 2018 through September 30, 2019. As of December 31, 2019 , the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration totaled $5.9 million , which is included in current contingent consideration in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration payments is determined using an option pricing model. The estimated value of the contingent consideration is based upon available information and certain assumptions, known at the time of this report, which management believes are reasonable. Any differences in the actual contingent consideration payments will be recorded in operating income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. During 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded contingent consideration expense of $2.2 million , a gain of $0.3 million and expense of $0.7 million , respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income due to the change in estimated fair value of the contingent consideration. The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination. During 2017, the Company completed the determination of the final allocation of purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as follows (in thousands) : Fair Value Net working capital and other assets $ 42 Fixed assets 146 Intangible assets 4,300 Goodwill 13,738 Total purchase price $ 18,226 The Company primarily used the income approach for the valuation as appropriate, and used valuation inputs in these models and analyses that were based on market participant assumptions. Market participants are buyers and sellers unrelated to the Company and fair value is determined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction at the measurement date. The acquired intangible assets are definite-lived assets consisting primarily of developed technology, customer relationships and trade name and trademarks. The estimated fair values of the developed technology were determined using the cost savings method, the customer relationships were determined using the excess earnings method and the trade name and trademarks were determined using the relief from royalty method. The fair value of the intangible assets with definite lives are as follows (dollars in thousands) : Fair Value Weighted Average Amortization Life Technology $ 400 3 years Customer lists 3,300 10 years Trade name and trademarks 600 5 years Total intangible assets $ 4,300 8.7 years The Company recorded goodwill of $13.7 million , which represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the intangible assets acquired. The goodwill is primarily attributable to SnapCap as a going concern which represents the ability of the Company to earn a higher return on the collection of assets and business of SnapCap than if those assets were to be acquired and managed separately. The benefit of access to the workforce is an additional element of goodwill. The goodwill was recorded in the Company’s then one reportable segment. For income tax purposes, the acquisition was an asset purchase and the goodwill will be tax deductible. Acquisition-related costs were $0.3 million in 2017 and are included in general and administrative expense on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income. MagnifyMoney On June 20, 2017 , the Company acquired the membership interests of Camino Del Avion (Delaware), LLC, which does business under the name MagnifyMoney (“MagnifyMoney”) for $29.6 million cash consideration at the closing of the transaction. Camino del Avion (Delaware), LLC was immediately merged with and into LendingTree, LLC following such acquisition. MagnifyMoney is a leading consumer-facing media property that offers editorial content, expert commentary, tools and resources to help consumers compare financial products and make informed financial decisions. The Company also acquired an option to purchase an affiliate in India, which provides technology and research support to MagnifyMoney under a services agreement, for an estimated fair value of $0.5 million at any time during the three years after the closing. This purchase option was exercised on December 31, 2018. In addition, the Company issued two key employees of MagnifyMoney restricted stock unit awards for a total of 38,468 shares of Company common stock. In connection with the terms of the purchase option described above, the Company issued a further restricted stock unit award for 19,234 shares to a key employee of technology and research operations in India upon the exercise of the purchase option. The total value of these restricted stock unit awards was $10.0 million on June 20, 2017. Vesting of these restricted stock units was contingent on the basis of performance conditions following the acquisition. The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination. During 2017, the Company completed the determination of the final allocation of purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as follows (in thousands) : Fair Value Net working capital $ 921 Intangible assets 9,700 Goodwill 23,784 Deferred tax liabilities (4,176 ) Noncontrolling interest (637 ) Total purchase price $ 29,592 The Company primarily used the income approach for the valuation as appropriate, and used valuation inputs in these models and analyses that were based on market participant assumptions. Market participants are buyers and sellers unrelated to the Company and fair value is determined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction at the measurement date. The acquired intangible assets are definite-lived assets consisting primarily of content, developed technology, customer relationships and trade name and trademarks. The estimated fair values of the content was determined using the excess earnings method, developed technology was determined using the cost savings method, the customer relationships were determined using the distributor method and the trade name and trademarks were determined using the relief from royalty method. The fair value of the intangible assets with definite lives are as follows (dollars in thousands) : Fair Value Weighted Average Amortization Life Technology $ 200 3 years Customer lists 1,100 9 years Trade name and trademarks 600 4 years Content 7,800 3 years Total intangible assets $ 9,700 3.7 years The Company recorded goodwill of $23.8 million , which represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired, net of the liabilities assumed. The goodwill is primarily attributable to MagnifyMoney as a going concern which represents the ability of the Company to earn a higher return on the collection of assets and business of MagnifyMoney than if those assets were to be acquired and managed separately. The benefit of access to the workforce is an additional element of goodwill. The goodwill was recorded in the Company’s then one reportable segment. For income tax purposes, the acquisition was an equity purchase and the goodwill will not be tax deductible. Acquisition-related costs were $0.4 million in 2017 and are included in general and administrative expense on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income. DepositAccounts On June 14, 2017 , the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of Deposits Online, LLC, which does business under the name DepositAccounts.com (“DepositAccounts”). DepositAccounts is a leading consumer-facing media property in the depository industry and is one of the most comprehensive sources of depository deals and analysis on the Internet, covering all major deposit product categories through editorial content, programmatic rate tables and user-generated content. The Company paid $24.0 million of initial cash consideration and could make additional contingent consideration payments of up to $9.0 million . The potential contingent consideration payments are comprised of (i) up to seven payments of $1.0 million each based on specified increases in Federal Funds interest rates during the period commencing on the closing date and ending on June 30, 2020 and (ii) a one-time performance payment of up to $2.0 million based on the net revenue of deposit products during the period of January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018. These additional payments, to the extent earned, will be payable in cash. The purchase price for the acquisition is $29.0 million , comprised of the upfront cash payment of $24.0 million and $5.0 million for the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration at the time of closing the acquisition. In the third quarter of 2017, the Company made a payment of $1.0 million associated with a specified increase in the Federal Funds rate in June 2017. In each of the four quarters of 2018, the Company paid $1.0 million associated with specified increases in the Federal Funds rate in December 2017, March 2018, June 2018 and September 2018, respectively, which are included within cash flows from financing activities on the consolidated statement of cash flows, except for an immaterial portion of the fourth quarter payment included within cash flows from operating activities. In the first quarter of 2019, the Company paid $1.0 million associated with a specified increase in the Federal Funds rate in December 2018. In the second quarter of 2019, the Company paid $2.0 million associated with the one-time performance payment based on the net revenue of deposit products during the period of January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018. The contingent consideration paid in 2019 is included within cash flows from operating activities on the consolidated statement of cash flows. The estimated fair value of the portion of the contingent consideration payments based on increases in interest rates is determined using a scenario approach based on the interest rate forecasts of Federal Open Market Committee participants. The estimated value of the contingent consideration is based upon available information and certain assumptions, known at the time of this report, which management believes are reasonable. Any differences in the actual contingent consideration payments will be recorded in operating income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. As of December 31, 2019 , no liability has been recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet for the remaining contingent consideration payment based on Federal Funds interest rates. Accordingly, during 2019 the Company recorded a gain of $1.0 million in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income due to the change in estimated fair value of the contingent consideration. During each of 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded $2.0 million of contingent consideration expense in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income due to the change in estimated fair value of the contingent consideration. The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination. During 2017, the Company completed the determination of the final allocation of purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as follows (in thousands) : Fair Value Intangible assets $ 9,600 Goodwill 19,389 Total purchase price $ 28,989 The Company primarily used the income approach for the valuation as appropriate, and used valuation inputs in these models and analyses that were based on market participant assumptions. Market participants are buyers and sellers unrelated to the Company and fair value is determined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction at the measurement date. The acquired intangible assets are definite-lived assets consisting primarily of developed technology, customer relationships and trade name and trademarks. The estimated fair values of the developed technology were determined using the excess earnings method, the customer relationships were determined using the distributor method and the trade name and trademarks were determined using the relief from royal |