Basis of Presentation, Use of Estimates and Recent Accounting Pronouncements | 2. Basis of Presentation, Use of Estimates and Recent Accounting Pronouncements Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, and follow the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted, and accordingly the balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 has been derived from audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. These financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the Company’s annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that are necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial information. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018 or for any other interim period or for any other future year. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and related financial information should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2017 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 filed with the SEC on March 1, 2018. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Aduro Biotech, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and reported amounts of revenue and expenses in the financial statements and accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, clinical trial accruals, contingent consideration, income taxes and stock-based compensation. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other market-specific and relevant assumptions that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue when its customers obtain control of the promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Collaboration and license revenue The Company’s collaboration agreements may include the transfer of intellectual property rights in the form of licenses, obligations to provide research and development services and obligations to participate on certain development committees with the collaboration party. The terms of such agreements include payment to the Company of one or more of the following: nonrefundable upfront fees, payment for research and development services, development, regulatory and commercial milestone payments, and royalties on net sales of licensed products. The Company assesses whether the promises in these agreements are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately. Judgment is required to determine whether the license to the Company’s intellectual property is distinct from the research and development services or participation on development committees. The transaction price in each agreement is allocated to the identified performance obligations based on the standalone selling price, or SSP, of each distinct performance obligation. Judgment is required to determine SSP. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as when a license or service is not sold separately, SSP is determined using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs. Due to the early stage of the Company’s licensed technology, the license of such technology is typically combined with the research and development services and committee participation as one performance obligation. Revenue associated with nonrefundable upfront license fees where the license fees and research and development services cannot be accounted for as separate performance obligations is deferred and recognized as revenue over the expected period of performance using a cost-based input methodology. The Company utilizes judgment to assess the pattern of delivery of the performance obligation. At the inception of each agreement that includes development, regulatory or commercial milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being reached and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price by using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are not within the control of the Company or the licensee, such as regulatory approvals, are not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received or the underlying activity has been completed. The transaction price is then allocated to each performance obligation in the agreement based on relative SSP. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the probability of achievement of each such milestone and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment. Contract Balances Upfront payments and fees are recorded as deferred revenue upon receipt or when due, and may require deferral of revenue recognition to a future period until the Company performs its obligations under these arrangements. Amounts payable to the Company are recorded as accounts receivable when the Company’s right to consideration is unconditional. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which establishes a comprehensive new lease accounting model. The new standard: (a) clarifies the definition of a lease; (b) requires a dual approach to lease classification similar to current lease classifications; and (c) causes lessees to recognize leases on the balance sheet as a lease liability with a corresponding right-of-use asset for leases with a lease-term of more than twelve months. The new standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, including a number of optional practical expedients that entities may elect to apply. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, an update which provides another transition method, in addition to the existing modified retrospective transition method, by allowing entities to initially apply the new lease standard at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. In preparation for adoption of the standard, the Company engaged a third-party service provider to assist the Company with the evaluation. The Company has identified all leases and is currently reviewing the leases to determine the impact of the update on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company is planning to adopt the new standard by initially applying the guidance at the adoption date, January 1, 2019, and recognizing a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption as permitted by ASU No. 2018-11. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326). The standard changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. Financial assets measured at amortized cost will be presented at the net amount expected to be collected by using an allowance for credit losses. The standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for all periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company has evaluated the impact of this guidance and has concluded that adoption of the standard will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220). The standard update allows for a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, or the Tax Act. Consequently, the ASU 2018-02 eliminates the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act. The new standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The new standard should be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Act is recognized. The Company has evaluated the impact of this guidance and has concluded that adoption of the standard will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07 – Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Shared-Based Payment Accounting. The standard update expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. The new standard simplifies several aspects of Topic 718 by expanding the scope of the following areas to account for nonemployee shared-based payment transactions: (1) overall measurement objective, (2) measurement date, (3) awards with performance conditions, and (4) classification reassessment of certain equity-classified awards. The new standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than an entity’s adoption date of Topic 606. The Company has evaluated the impact of this guidance and has concluded that adoption of the standard will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments--Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which amends the guidance in U.S. GAAP on the classification and measurement of financial instruments. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-03 which provides additional clarification and implementation guidance on the previously issued ASU No. 2016-01. Changes to the current guidance primarily affect the accounting for equity investments, financial liabilities under the fair value option, and the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. In addition, the ASU clarifies guidance related to the valuation allowance assessment when recognizing deferred tax assets resulting from unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities. The new standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and upon adoption, an entity should apply the amendments by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet at the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018. The adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). This ASU as well as its related amendments affect any entity that either enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods and services or enters into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets. ASU 2014-09 replaced most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it became effective. The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. The Company recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of its accumulated deficit. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. As a result, the Company changed its accounting policy for revenue recognition, and the details of the significant changes and quantitative impact of the changes are disclosed below. Milestone payments – under the milestone method ASC 605-28, payments that were contingent upon the achievement of a substantive milestone were recognized entirely as revenue in the period in which the milestone was achieved. To the extent that non-substantive milestones were achieved and the Company had remaining performance obligations, milestones were deferred and recognized as revenue over the estimated remaining period of performance. If there were no remaining performance obligations, the revenue from non-substantive milestones was recognized in the period it was earned. The milestone method no longer exists under the new revenue standard. The revenue from the milestone payments must be estimated using either the expected value method or the most likely amount method. Revenue that is not probable of significant reversal of cumulative revenue is included in the transaction price. Therefore, substantive milestones that were recognized when achieved under the legacy revenue guidance will be recognized as revenue over the performance period under the new standard with a cumulative catch-up recorded for the portion associated with the performance to date. Pattern of revenue recognition – the Company recognized revenue from performance obligations delivered over time, such as licenses combined with research and development services and participation on development committees, on a straight-line basis over the period of performance under the legacy revenue guidance. The new standard allows entities to use either an input method or an output method to measure progress toward complete satisfaction of a performance obligation. For contracts in progress at the adoption date of the new standard the Company determined that the input method of measuring costs incurred to date compared to total estimated costs to be incurred under the contract most accurately depicts its performance. The change in the pattern of revenue recognition upon adoption of Topic 606 for milestone payments and performance obligations delivered over time resulted in an increase in the balance of deferred revenue and an increase in the accumulated deficit balance of $25.3 million on January 1, 2018. The following table summarizes the impact of adopting Topic 606 on select unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet line items (in thousands): September 30, 2018 As reported Adjustments Balances without the adoption of Topic 606 (in thousands) Liabilities Deferred revenue $ 17,744 $ (2,929 ) $ 14,815 Deferred revenue – noncurrent 161,591 (24,554 ) 137,037 Stockholders’ Equity Accumulated deficit (378,212 ) 27,483 (350,729 ) The following table summarizes the impact of adopting Topic 606 on select unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations line items (in thousands, except per share data): Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 As reported Adjustments Balances without the adoption of Topic 606 As reported Adjustments Balances without the adoption of Topic 606 (in thousands) (in thousands) Collaboration and license revenue $ 3,063 $ 866 $ 3,929 $ 12,329 $ 2,171 $ 14,500 Total revenue 3,063 866 3,929 12,329 2,171 14,500 Loss from operations (24,905 ) 866 (24,039 ) (73,358 ) 2,171 (71,187 ) Net loss (23,146 ) 866 (22,280 ) (69,037 ) 2,171 (66,866 ) Net loss per share, basic and diluted (0.29 ) 0.01 (0.28 ) (0.88 ) 0.03 (0.85 ) The following table summarizes the impact of adopting Topic 606 on select unaudited condensed consolidated statement of cash flows line items (in thousands): Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 As reported Adjustments Balances without the adoption of Topic 606 (in thousands) Cash flows from operating activities Net loss $ (69,037 ) $ 2,171 $ (66,866 ) Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Deferred revenue (9,246 ) (2,171 ) (11,417 ) In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. ASU 2016-15 identifies how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the Statement of Cash Flows. The standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The standard should be applied retrospectively, and early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 and the adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated statement of cash flows. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. ASU 2016-18 requires that the statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those years. This standard should be applied retrospectively and early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 utilizing the required retrospective transition method and changed the presentation and classification of restricted cash in its condensed consolidated statement of cash flows. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting. ASU 2017-09 provides clarity and reduces the complexity of applying the guidance in Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation, to a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018, and the In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-05, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, which included amendments to expand income tax accounting and disclosure guidance pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) issued by the SEC in December 2017. SAB 118 provides guidance on accounting for the income tax effects of the Tax Act. The Company adopted this ASU in the first quarter of 2018. Refer to Note 10 Income Taxes for more information and disclosures related to this amended guidance. |