Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | 3. Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses Loans at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020 consisted of the following: March 31, September 30, 2021 2020 (In thousands) Real estate mortgage: 1-4 family residential $ 205,129 $ 191,781 Commercial 141,122 141,522 Single tenant net lease 372,074 334,636 SBA 57,556 55,508 Multifamily residential 44,434 42,368 Residential construction 5,389 9,361 Commercial construction 9,193 6,941 Land and land development 10,894 9,403 Commercial business 63,392 60,513 SBA commercial business (1) 182,167 206,807 Consumer 55,800 50,576 Total loans 1,147,150 1,109,416 Deferred loan origination fees and costs, net (2) (1,383) (2,327) Allowance for loan losses (17,419) (17,026) Loans, net $ 1,128,348 $ 1,090,063 (1) Includes $159.3 million and $180.6 million of loans originated under the SBA’s Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively. (2) Includes $2.1 million and $3.2 million of net deferred loan fees related to PPP loans as of March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively. During the six-month period ended March 31, 2021, there were no significant changes in the Company’s lending activities or the methodology used to estimate the allowance for loan losses as disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2020. At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, the Bank did not own any residential real estate properties where physical possession has been obtained. At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, the recorded investment in consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate properties in the process of foreclosure was $796,000 and $1.3 million, respectively. The following table provides the components of the recorded investment in loans as of March 31, 2021: Principal Accrued Net Deferred Recorded Loan Interest Loan Origination Investment Balance Receivable Fees and Costs in Loans (In thousands) Residential real estate $ 205,129 $ 638 $ (295) $ 205,472 Commercial real estate 141,122 601 (189) 141,534 Single tenant net lease 372,074 1,242 (173) 373,143 SBA commercial real estate 57,556 528 1,026 59,110 Multifamily 44,434 122 (48) 44,508 Residential construction 5,389 7 (27) 5,369 Commercial construction 9,193 30 (28) 9,195 Land and land development 10,894 26 (10) 10,910 Commercial business 63,392 185 46 63,623 SBA commercial business 182,167 1,495 (1,664) 181,998 Consumer 55,800 160 (21) 55,939 $ 1,147,150 $ 5,034 $ (1,383) $ 1,150,801 Individually Collectively Recorded Evaluated for Evaluated for Investment in Impairment Impairment Loans (In thousands) Recorded Investment in Loans as Evaluated for Impairment: Residential real estate $ 3,663 $ 201,809 $ 205,472 Commercial real estate 1,088 140,446 141,534 Single tenant net lease — 373,143 373,143 SBA commercial real estate 5,386 53,724 59,110 Multifamily 648 43,860 44,508 Residential construction — 5,369 5,369 Commercial construction — 9,195 9,195 Land and land development 4 10,906 10,910 Commercial business 1,706 61,917 63,623 SBA commercial business 768 181,230 181,998 Consumer 162 55,777 55,939 $ 13,425 $ 1,137,376 $ 1,150,801 The following table provides the components of the recorded investment in loans as of September 30, 2020: Principal Accrued Net Deferred Recorded Loan Interest Loan Origination Investment Balance Receivable Fees and Costs in Loans (In thousands) Residential real estate $ 191,781 $ 644 $ (156) $ 192,269 Commercial real estate 141,522 812 (197) 142,137 Single tenant net lease 334,636 1,198 (234) 335,600 SBA commercial real estate 55,508 387 1,082 56,977 Multifamily 42,368 139 (37) 42,470 Residential construction 9,361 25 (28) 9,358 Commercial construction 6,941 24 (26) 6,939 Land and land development 9,403 20 (11) 9,412 Commercial business 60,513 186 43 60,742 SBA commercial business 206,807 975 (2,740) 205,042 Consumer 50,576 175 (23) 50,728 $ 1,109,416 $ 4,585 $ (2,327) $ 1,111,674 Individually Collectively Recorded Evaluated for Evaluated for Investment in Impairment Impairment Loans (In thousands) Recorded Investment in Loans as Evaluated for Impairment: Residential real estate $ 5,359 $ 186,910 $ 192,269 Commercial real estate 1,134 141,003 142,137 Single tenant net lease — 335,600 335,600 SBA commercial real estate 6,927 50,050 56,977 Multifamily 698 41,772 42,470 Residential construction — 9,358 9,358 Commercial construction — 6,939 6,939 Land and land development 2 9,410 9,412 Commercial business 1,670 59,072 60,742 SBA commercial business 695 204,347 205,042 Consumer 199 50,529 50,728 $ 16,684 $ 1,094,990 $ 1,111,674 The following table presents the balance in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as of March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020: Individually Collectively Evaluated for Evaluated for Ending Impairment Impairment Balance (In thousands) March 31, 2021: Residential real estate $ 27 $ 1,595 $ 1,622 Commercial real estate — 3,060 3,060 Single tenant net lease — 3,349 3,349 SBA commercial real estate 501 3,301 3,802 Multifamily — 810 810 Residential construction — 136 136 Commercial construction — 239 239 Land and land development — 283 283 Commercial business 5 1,531 1,536 SBA commercial business 41 1,508 1,549 Consumer — 1,033 1,033 $ 574 $ 16,845 $ 17,419 September 30, 2020: Residential real estate $ 30 $ 1,225 $ 1,255 Commercial real estate — 3,058 3,058 Single tenant net lease — 3,017 3,017 SBA commercial real estate 1,366 2,788 4,154 Multifamily — 772 772 Residential construction — 243 243 Commercial construction — 181 181 Land and land development — 243 243 Commercial business — 1,449 1,449 SBA commercial business 47 1,492 1,539 Consumer — 1,115 1,115 $ 1,443 $ 15,583 $ 17,026 The following table presents the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020: Beginning Ending Balance Provisions Charge-Offs Recoveries Balance (In thousands) March 31, 2021: Residential real estate $ 1,176 $ 442 $ — $ 4 $ 1,622 Commercial real estate 3,007 53 — — 3,060 Single tenant net lease 3,233 116 — — 3,349 SBA commercial real estate 3,624 178 — — 3,802 Multifamily 713 97 — — 810 Residential construction 149 (13) — — 136 Commercial construction 212 27 — — 239 Land and land development 300 (17) — — 283 Commercial business 1,487 45 — 4 1,536 SBA commercial business 1,536 3 — 10 1,549 Consumer 1,687 (644) (22) 12 1,033 $ 17,124 $ 287 $ (22) $ 30 $ 17,419 March 31, 2020: Residential real estate $ 318 $ 54 $ (4) $ 11 $ 379 Commercial real estate 2,595 (2) (100) — 2,493 Single tenant net lease 1,947 (581) — — 1,366 SBA commercial real estate 2,282 937 (7) — 3,212 Multifamily 481 18 — — 499 Residential construction 228 (42) — — 186 Commercial construction 57 8 — — 65 Land and land development 202 1 — — 203 Commercial business 967 674 — 1 1,642 SBA commercial business 786 555 (396) — 945 Consumer 667 83 (62) 13 701 $ 10,530 $ 1,705 $ (569) $ 25 $ 11,691 The following table presents the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the six months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020: Beginning Ending Balance Provisions Charge-Offs Recoveries Balance (In thousands) March 31, 2021: Residential real estate $ 1,255 $ 363 $ (5) $ 9 $ 1,622 Commercial real estate 3,058 2 — — 3,060 Single tenant net lease 3,017 332 — — 3,349 SBA commercial real estate 4,154 163 (522) 7 3,802 Multifamily 772 38 — — 810 Residential construction 243 (107) — — 136 Commercial construction 181 58 — — 239 Land and land development 243 40 — — 283 Commercial business 1,449 82 — 5 1,536 SBA commercial business 1,539 (10) — 20 1,549 Consumer 1,115 (6) (97) 21 1,033 $ 17,026 $ 955 $ (624) $ 62 $ 17,419 March 31, 2020: Residential real estate $ 317 $ 78 $ (36) $ 20 $ 379 Commercial real estate 2,540 53 (100) — 2,493 Single tenant net lease 1,675 (309) — — 1,366 SBA commercial real estate 2,293 888 (15) 46 3,212 Multifamily 478 21 — — 499 Residential construction 248 (62) — — 186 Commercial construction 67 (2) — — 65 Land and land development 209 (6) — — 203 Commercial business 889 747 — 6 1,642 SBA commercial business 750 591 (396) — 945 Consumer 574 211 (126) 42 701 $ 10,040 $ 2,210 $ (673) $ 114 $ 11,691 The following table presents impaired loans individually evaluated for impairment as of March 31, 2021 and for the three and six-months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. The Company did not recognize any interest income on impaired loans using the cash receipts method during the three and six-month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. Three Months Ended Six Months Ended At March 31, 2021 March 31, March 31, 2021 2021 2020 2020 2021 2021 2020 2020 Unpaid Average Interest Average Interest Average Interest Average Interest Recorded Principal Related Recorded Income Recorded Income Recorded Income Recorded Income Investment Balance Allowance Investment Recognized Investment Recognized Investment Recognized Investment Recognized (In thousands) Loans with no related allowance recorded: Residential real estate $ 3,491 $ 4,115 $ — $ 4,503 $ 11 $ 5,338 $ 34 $ 4,899 $ 38 $ 5,215 $ 61 Commercial real estate 1,088 1,154 — 1,161 9 4,659 35 1,169 15 4,861 80 Single tenant net lease 0 0 — 0 — — — 0 0 — — SBA commercial real estate 593 768 — 2,755 — 740 12 2,229 0 541 29 Multifamily 648 693 — 693 — 352 — 696 0 234 — Residential construction — — — 0 — — — 0 0 — 0 Commercial construction — — — 0 — — — 0 0 — — Land and land development 4 1 — 1 — 1 — 1 0 — — Commercial business 1,701 1,758 — 1,712 1 139 — 1,700 1 128 1 SBA commercial business 322 416 — 416 — 208 — 416 0 139 — Consumer 55 56 — 97 — 75 — 86 1 77 2 $ 7,902 $ 8,961 $ — $ 11,358 $ 21 $ 11,512 $ 81 $ 11,196 $ 55 $ 11,195 $ 173 Loans with an allowance recorded: Residential real estate $ 172 $ 175 $ 27 $ 88 $ — $ 55 $ — $ 117 $ — $ 39 $ — Commercial real estate — — — 0 — 50 — — — 33 — Single tenant net lease — — — 0 — — — — — — — SBA commercial real estate 4,793 5,415 501 3,548 — 4,561 — 4,394 — 3,920 — Multifamily — — — 0 — — — — — — — Residential construction — — — 0 — — — — — — — Commercial construction — — — 0 — — — — — — — Land and land development — — — 0 — — — — — — — Commercial business 5 5 5 2 — 783 — 2 — 522 — SBA commercial business 446 553 41 410 — 157 — 406 — 105 — Consumer 107 107 — 220 — 183 — 193 — 174 — $ 5,523 $ 6,255 $ 574 $ 4,268 $ — $ 5,789 $ — $ 5,112 $ — $ 4,793 $ — Total: Residential real estate $ 3,663 $ 4,290 $ 27 $ 4,591 $ 11 $ 5,393 $ 34 $ 5,016 $ 38 $ 5,254 $ 61 Commercial real estate 1,088 1,154 — 1,161 9 4,709 35 1,169 15 4,894 80 Single tenant net lease — — — — — — — — — — — SBA commercial real estate 5,386 6,183 501 6,303 — 5,301 12 6,623 — 4,461 29 Multifamily 648 693 — 693 — 352 — 696 — 234 — Residential construction — — — — — — — — — — — Commercial construction — — — — — — — — — — — Land and land development 4 1 — 1 — 1 — 1 — — — Commercial business 1,706 1,763 5 1,714 1 922 — 1,702 1 650 1 SBA commercial business 768 969 41 826 — 365 — 822 — 244 — Consumer 162 163 0 317 — 258 — 279 1 251 2 $ 13,425 $ 15,216 $ 574 $ 15,606 $ 21 $ 17,301 $ 81 $ 16,308 $ 55 $ 15,988 $ 173 The following table presents impaired loans individually evaluated for impairment as of September 30, 2020. Unpaid Recorded Principal Related Investment Balance Allowance (In thousands) Loans with no related allowance recorded: Residential real estate $ 5,185 $ 5,697 $ — Commercial real estate 1,134 1,185 — Single tenant net lease — — — SBA commercial real estate 1,245 1,178 — Multifamily 698 700 — Residential construction — — — Commercial construction — — — Land and land development 2 1 — Commercial business 1,670 1,675 — SBA commercial business 322 416 — Consumer 61 63 — $ 10,317 $ 10,915 $ — Loans with an allowance recorded: Residential real estate $ 174 $ 175 $ 30 Commercial real estate — — — Single tenant net lease — — — SBA commercial real estate 5,682 6,086 1,366 Multifamily — — — Residential construction — — — Commercial construction — — — Land and land development — — — Commercial business — — — SBA commercial business 373 399 47 Consumer 138 138 — $ 6,367 $ 6,798 $ 1,443 Total: Residential real estate $ 5,359 $ 5,872 $ 30 Commercial real estate 1,134 1,185 — Single tenant net lease — — — SBA commercial real estate 6,927 7,264 1,366 Multifamily 698 700 — Residential construction — — — Commercial construction — — — Land and land development 2 1 — Commercial business 1,670 1,675 — SBA commercial business 695 815 47 Consumer 199 201 — $ 16,684 $ 17,713 $ 1,443 Nonperforming loans consist of nonaccrual loans and loans over 90 days past due and still accruing interest. The following table presents the recorded investment in nonperforming loans at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020: At March 31, 2021 At September 30, 2020 Loans 90+ Loans 90+ Days Total Days Total Nonaccrual Past Due Nonperforming Nonaccrual Past Due Nonperforming Loans Still Accruing Loans Loans Still Accruing Loans (In thousands) Residential real estate $ 2,256 $ — $ 2,256 $ 2,797 $ — $ 2,797 Commercial real estate 650 — 650 685 — 685 Single tenant net lease — — — — — — SBA commercial real estate 5,386 — 5,386 6,927 — 6,927 Multifamily 648 — 648 698 — 698 Residential construction — — — — — — Commercial construction — — — — — — Land and land development 4 — 4 2 — 2 Commercial business 1,582 — 1,582 1,668 — 1,668 SBA commercial business 768 — 768 695 — 695 Consumer 112 — 112 143 — 143 Total $ 11,406 $ — $ 11,406 $ 13,615 $ — $ 13,615 The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans at March 31, 2021: 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90+ Days Total Total Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current Loans (In thousands) Residential real estate $ 1,716 $ — $ 686 $ 2,402 $ 203,070 $ 205,472 Commercial real estate 88 — 650 738 140,796 141,534 Single tenant net lease — — — — 373,143 373,143 SBA commercial real estate — 469 4,419 4,888 54,222 59,110 Multifamily — — — — 44,508 44,508 Residential construction — — — — 5,369 5,369 Commercial construction — — — — 9,195 9,195 Land and land development — — 4 4 10,906 10,910 Commercial business 120 — 37 157 63,466 63,623 SBA commercial business — — 768 768 181,230 181,998 Consumer 64 243 5 312 55,627 55,939 Total $ 1,988 $ 712 $ 6,569 $ 9,269 $ 1,141,532 $ 1,150,801 The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans at September 30, 2020: 30-59 60-89 90+ Days Days Days Total Total Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current Loans (In thousands) Residential real estate $ 1,693 $ 480 $ 1,631 $ 3,804 $ 188,465 $ 192,269 Commercial real estate 109 — 685 794 141,343 142,137 Single tenant net lease — — — — 335,600 335,600 SBA commercial real estate — — 1,874 1,874 55,103 56,977 Multifamily — — — — 42,470 42,470 Residential construction — — — — 9,358 9,358 Commercial construction — — — — 6,939 6,939 Land and land development — — 2 2 9,410 9,412 Commercial business 63 — — 63 60,679 60,742 SBA commercial business 373 — 322 695 204,347 205,042 Consumer 233 59 4 296 50,432 50,728 Total $ 2,471 $ 539 $ 4,518 $ 7,528 $ 1,104,146 $ 1,111,674 The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, public information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, and current economic conditions and trends, among other factors. The Company classifies loans based on credit risk at least quarterly. The Company uses the following regulatory definitions for risk ratings: Special Mention: Substandard: Doubtful: Loss: Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be pass rated loans. The following table presents the recorded investment in loans by risk category as of March 31, 2021: Special Pass Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total (In thousands) March 31, 2021: Residential real estate $ 202,664 $ — $ 2,628 $ 180 $ — $ 205,472 Commercial real estate 133,444 4,108 3,982 — — 141,534 Single tenant net lease 373,143 — — — — 373,143 SBA commercial real estate 41,698 5,418 8,699 3,295 — 59,110 Multifamily 43,860 — 648 — — 44,508 Residential construction 5,369 — — — — 5,369 Commercial construction 9,195 — — — — 9,195 Land and land development 10,906 — 4 — — 10,910 Commercial business 61,728 149 1,746 — — 63,623 SBA commercial business 178,540 250 3,174 34 — 181,998 Consumer 55,934 — 5 — — 55,939 Total $ 1,116,481 $ 9,925 $ 20,886 $ 3,509 $ — $ 1,150,801 The following table presents the recorded investment in loans by risk category as of September 30, 2020: Special Pass Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total (In thousands) September 30, 2020: Residential real estate $ 188,707 $ — $ 3,435 $ 127 $ — $ 192,269 Commercial real estate 133,685 4,112 4,340 — — 142,137 Single tenant net lease 335,600 — — — — 335,600 SBA commercial real estate 38,124 6,518 12,335 — — 56,977 Multifamily 41,772 — 698 — — 42,470 Residential construction 9,358 — — — — 9,358 Commercial construction 6,939 — — — — 6,939 Land and land development 9,410 — 2 — — 9,412 Commercial business 58,707 235 1,800 — — 60,742 SBA commercial business 200,578 294 4,170 — — 205,042 Consumer 50,701 — 27 — — 50,728 Total $ 1,073,581 $ 11,159 $ 26,807 $ 127 $ — $ 1,111,674 Troubled Debt Restructurings Modification of a loan is considered to be a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) if the debtor is experiencing financial difficulties and the Company grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. By granting the concession, the Company expects to obtain more cash or other value from the debtor, or to increase the probability of receipt, than would be expected by not granting the concession. The concession may include, but is not limited to, reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan, reduction of accrued interest, extension of the maturity date or reduction of the face amount or maturity amount of the debt. A concession will be granted when, as a result of the restructuring, the Company does not expect to collect all amounts due, including interest at the original stated rate. A concession may also be granted if the debtor is not able to access funds elsewhere at a market rate for debt with similar risk characteristics as the restructured debt. The Company’s determination of whether a loan modification is a TDR considers the individual facts and circumstances surrounding each modification. Loans modified in a TDR may be retained on accrual status if the borrower has maintained a period of performance in which the borrower’s lending relationship was not greater than ninety days delinquent at the time of restructuring and the Company determines the future collection of principal and interest is reasonably assured. Loans modified in a TDR that are placed on nonaccrual status at the time of restructuring will continue on nonaccrual status until the Company determines the future collection of principal and interest is reasonably assured, which generally requires that the borrower demonstrate a period of performance according to the restructured terms of at least six consecutive months. The following table summarizes the Company’s recorded investment in TDRs at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020. There was $32,000 of specific reserve included in the allowance for loan losses related to TDRs at March 31, 2021. There was $538,000 of specific reserve included in the allowance for loan losses related to TDRs at September 30, 2020. Accruing Nonaccrual Total (In thousands) March 31, 2021: Residential real estate $ 1,407 $ — $ 1,407 Commercial real estate 438 489 927 SBA commercial real estate — 3,296 3,296 Multifamily — 648 648 Commercial business 124 1,545 1,669 Consumer 50 — 50 Total $ 2,019 $ 5,978 $ 7,997 September 30, 2020: Residential real estate $ 2,562 $ 116 $ 2,678 Commercial real estate 449 512 961 SBA commercial real estate — 3,800 3,800 Multifamily — 698 698 Commercial business 2 1,668 1,670 Consumer 56 — 56 Total $ 3,069 $ 6,794 $ 9,863 The following table summarizes information regarding TDRs that were restructured during the three- and six-month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020: Number of Pre-Modification Post-Modification Loans Principal Balance Principal Balance (Dollars in thousands) Three Months Ended March 31, 2021: Commercial business 1 $ 126 $ 126 Total 1 $ 126 $ 126 Six Months Ended March 31, 2021: Commercial business 1 $ 126 $ 126 Total 1 $ 126 $ 126 Three Months Ended March 31, 2020: Residential real estate 1 $ 1,099 $ 1,100 SBA commercial real estate 1 3,831 3,832 Total 2 $ 4,930 $ 4,932 Six Months Ended March 31, 2020: Residential real estate 1 $ 1,099 $ 1,100 SBA commercial real estate 1 3,831 3,832 Total 2 $ 4,930 $ 4,932 At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, the Company had committed to lend $1,000 to customers with outstanding loans classified as TDRs. There were principal charge-offs totaling $398,000 recorded as a result of TDRs during the six-month period ended March 31, 2021. There were no principal charge-offs recorded as a result of TDRs during the three-month period ended March 31, 2021, or during the three-and six-month periods ended March 31, 2020. There were no provisions for loan losses related to TDRs for the three-month and six-month periods ended March 31, 2021. Provisions for loan losses related to TDRs were $622,000 for the three-month and six-month periods ended March 31, 2020. In the event that a TDR subsequently defaults, the Company evaluates the restructuring for possible impairment. As a result, the related allowance for loan losses may be increased or charge-offs may be taken to reduce the carrying amount of the loan. During the three and six-month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company did not have any TDRs that were modified within the previous twelve months and for which there was a payment default. On March 22, 2020, the federal banking agencies issued an “Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus”. This guidance encourages financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers that may be unable to meet their contractual obligations because of the effects of COVID-19. The guidance indicates that, in consultation with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), the federal banking agencies concluded that short-term modifications (e.g., six months) made on a good faith basis to borrowers who were current as of the implementation date of a relief program are not TDRs. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was passed by Congress on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act also addressed COVID-19 related modifications and specified that COVID-19 related modifications on loans that were current as of December 31, 2019 are not TDRs. The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, signed into law on December 27, 2020, further extended the relief from TDR accounting for qualified modifications to the earlier of January 1, 2022 or 60 days after the national emergency concerning COVID-19 terminates. At March 31, 2021, loans totaling $14.0 million remained under the Company’s payment extension program or a loan forbearance agreement, of which $10.0 million related to commercial real estate and commercial business loans, $210,000 related to residential real estate and consumer loans, and $3.8 million related to SBA loan relationships. These payment extensions or loan forbearance agreements are generally for periods of three months or less, but may be extended if the borrower continues to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. SBA Loan Servicing Rights The Company originates loans to commercial customers under the SBA 7(a) program and other programs, and sells the guaranteed portion of the SBA loans with servicing rights retained. Loan servicing rights on originated SBA loans that have been sold are initially recorded at fair value. Capitalized SBA servicing rights are then amortized in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income. Impairment of SBA servicing rights is assessed using the present value of estimated future cash flows. The aggregate fair value of SBA loan servicing rights approximates its carrying value. A valuation model employed by an independent third party calculates the present value of future cash flows and is used to estimate fair value at the date of sale and on a quarterly basis for impairment analysis purposes. Management periodically compares the valuation model inputs and results to published industry data in order to validate the model results and assumptions. Key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the SBA loan servicing rights include the discount rate and prepayment speed assumptions. For purposes of impairment, risk characteristics such as interest rate, loan type, term and investor type are used to stratify the SBA loan servicing rights. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance to the extent that fair value is less than the carrying amount. Changes in the valuation allowance are reported in other noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income. The unpaid principal balance of SBA loans serviced for others was $228.5 million, $209.1 million and $168.4 million at March 31, 2021, September 30, 2020 and March 31, 2020, respectively. Contractually specified late fees and ancillary fees earned on SBA loans were $11,000 and $36,000 for the three and six-month periods ended March 31, 2021, respectively. Contractually specified late fees and ancillary fees earned on SBA loans were $13,000 and $30,000 for the three and six-month periods ended March 31, 2020, respectively. Net servicing income (contractually specified servicing fees offset by direct servicing expenses) related to SBA loans was $512,000 and $979,000 for the three and six-month periods ended March 31, 2021, respectively. Net servicing income (contractually specified servicing fees offset by direct servicing expenses) related to SBA loans was $407,000 and $819,000 for the three and six-month periods ended March 31, 2020, respectively. Net servicing income and costs are included in other noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income. An analysis of SBA loan servicing rights for the three and six-month periods ended March 31, |