Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | 3. Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses Loans at March 31, 2022 and September 30, 2021 consisted of the following: March 31, September 30, 2022 2021 (In thousands) Real estate mortgage: 1-4 family residential $ 288,118 $ 241,425 Commercial 153,814 149,600 Single tenant net lease 436,530 403,692 SBA 61,826 62,805 Multifamily residential 35,339 40,324 Residential construction 11,359 8,330 Commercial construction 3,369 2,717 Land and land development 12,144 10,217 Commercial business 71,108 59,883 SBA commercial business (1) 35,276 80,400 Consumer 31,566 30,563 Total loans 1,140,449 1,089,956 Deferred loan origination fees and costs, net (2) 844 281 Allowance for loan losses (14,475) (14,301) Loans, net $ 1,126,818 $ 1,075,936 (1) Includes $13.4 million and $56.7 million of loans originated under the SBA’s Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) at March 31, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively. (2) Includes $158,000 and $757,000 of net deferred loan fees related to PPP loans as of March 31, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively. During the six-month period ended March 31, 2022, there were no significant changes in the Company’s lending activities or the methodology used to estimate the allowance for loan losses as disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2021. At March 31, 2022 and September 30, 2021, the Company did not own any residential real estate properties where physical possession has been obtained. At March 31, 2022 and September 30, 2021, the recorded investment in consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate properties in the process of foreclosure was $67,000 and $124,000, respectively. The following table provides the components of the recorded investment in loans as of March 31, 2022: Principal Accrued Net Deferred Recorded Loan Interest Loan Origination Investment Recorded Investment in Loans: Balance Receivable Fees and Costs in Loans (In thousands) Residential real estate $ 288,118 $ 972 $ 51 $ 289,141 Commercial real estate 153,814 438 (245) 154,007 Single tenant net lease 436,530 1,523 (65) 437,988 SBA commercial real estate 61,826 429 1,069 63,324 Multifamily 35,339 65 (41) 35,363 Residential construction 11,359 21 (51) 11,329 Commercial construction 3,369 9 (30) 3,348 Land and land development 12,144 26 (16) 12,154 Commercial business 71,108 227 49 71,384 SBA commercial business 35,276 345 140 35,761 Consumer 31,566 133 (17) 31,682 $ 1,140,449 $ 4,188 $ 844 $ 1,145,481 Individually Collectively Recorded Evaluated for Evaluated for Investment in Recorded Investment in Loans as Evaluated for Impairment: Impairment Impairment Loans (In thousands) Residential real estate $ 2,553 $ 286,588 $ 289,141 Commercial real estate 966 153,041 154,007 Single tenant net lease — 437,988 437,988 SBA commercial real estate 6,855 56,469 63,324 Multifamily 372 34,991 35,363 Residential construction — 11,329 11,329 Commercial construction — 3,348 3,348 Land and land development — 12,154 12,154 Commercial business 1,142 70,242 71,384 SBA commercial business 924 34,837 35,761 Consumer 261 31,421 31,682 $ 13,073 $ 1,132,408 $ 1,145,481 The following table provides the components of the recorded investment in loans as of September 30, 2021: Net Deferred Accrued Loan Recorded Principal Loan Interest Origination Investment Recorded Investment in Loans: Balance Receivable Fees and Costs in Loans (In thousands) Residential real estate $ 241,425 $ 821 $ 24 $ 242,270 Commercial real estate 149,600 563 (208) 149,955 Single tenant net lease 403,692 1,369 (123) 404,938 SBA commercial real estate 62,805 475 1,106 64,386 Multifamily 40,324 76 (47) 40,353 Residential construction 8,330 14 (49) 8,295 Commercial construction 2,717 6 (28) 2,695 Land and land development 10,217 18 (6) 10,229 Commercial business 59,883 171 49 60,103 SBA commercial business 80,400 791 (420) 80,771 Consumer 30,563 94 (17) 30,640 $ 1,089,956 $ 4,398 $ 281 $ 1,094,635 Individually Collectively Recorded Evaluated for Evaluated for Investment in Recorded Investment in Loans as Evaluated for Impairment: Impairment Impairment Loans (In thousands) Residential real estate $ 3,067 $ 239,203 $ 242,270 Commercial real estate 1,021 148,934 149,955 Single tenant net lease — 404,938 404,938 SBA commercial real estate 9,153 55,233 64,386 Multifamily 482 39,871 40,353 Residential construction — 8,295 8,295 Commercial construction — 2,695 2,695 Land and land development — 10,229 10,229 Commercial business 1,476 58,627 60,103 SBA commercial business 1,296 79,475 80,771 Consumer 248 30,392 30,640 $ 16,743 $ 1,077,892 $ 1,094,635 The following table presents the balance in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as of March 31, 2022 and September 30, 2021: Individually Collectively Evaluated for Evaluated for Ending Impairment Impairment Balance (In thousands) March 31, 2022: Residential real estate $ 33 $ 1,312 $ 1,345 Commercial real estate — 2,451 2,451 Single tenant net lease — 2,619 2,619 SBA commercial real estate 201 3,432 3,633 Multifamily — 353 353 Residential construction — 233 233 Commercial construction — 67 67 Land and land development — 243 243 Commercial business — 1,303 1,303 SBA commercial business 441 1,334 1,775 Consumer — 453 453 $ 675 $ 13,800 $ 14,475 September 30, 2021: Residential real estate $ — $ 1,438 $ 1,438 Commercial real estate — 2,806 2,806 Single tenant net lease — 2,422 2,422 SBA commercial real estate 114 3,361 3,475 Multifamily — 518 518 Residential construction — 191 191 Commercial construction — 63 63 Land and land development — 235 235 Commercial business — 1,284 1,284 SBA commercial business 18 1,328 1,346 Consumer 1 522 523 $ 133 $ 14,168 $ 14,301 The following table presents the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021: Beginning Balance Provisions (Credits) Charge-Offs Recoveries Ending Balance (In thousands) March 31, 2022: Residential real estate $ 1,336 $ 6 $ — $ 3 $ 1,345 Commercial real estate 2,511 (60) — — 2,451 Single tenant net lease 2,767 (148) — — 2,619 SBA commercial real estate 3,722 (70) (19) — 3,633 Multifamily 441 (88) — — 353 Residential construction 209 24 — — 233 Commercial construction 80 (13) — — 67 Land and land development 221 22 — — 243 Commercial business 1,240 4 — 59 1,303 SBA commercial business 1,769 281 (284) 9 1,775 Consumer 484 12 (52) 9 453 $ 14,780 $ (30) $ (355) $ 80 $ 14,475 March 31, 2021: Residential real estate $ 1,176 $ 442 $ — $ 4 $ 1,622 Commercial real estate 3,007 53 — — 3,060 Single tenant net lease 3,233 116 — — 3,349 SBA commercial real estate 3,624 178 — — 3,802 Multifamily 713 97 — — 810 Residential construction 149 (13) — — 136 Commercial construction 212 27 — — 239 Land and land development 300 (17) — — 283 Commercial business 1,487 45 — 4 1,536 SBA commercial business 1,536 3 — 10 1,549 Consumer 1,687 (644) (22) 12 1,033 $ 17,124 $ 287 $ (22) $ 30 $ 17,419 The following table presents the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the six months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021: Beginning Provisions Ending Balance (Credits) Charge-Offs Recoveries Balance (In thousands) March 31, 2022: Residential real estate $ 1,438 $ (76) $ (23) $ 6 $ 1,345 Commercial real estate 2,806 (355) — — 2,451 Single tenant net lease 2,422 197 — — 2,619 SBA commercial real estate 3,475 197 (39) — 3,633 Multifamily 518 (165) — — 353 Residential construction 191 42 — — 233 Commercial construction 63 4 — — 67 Land and land development 235 8 — — 243 Commercial business 1,284 (40) — 59 1,303 SBA commercial business 1,346 682 (284) 31 1,775 Consumer 523 2 (90) 18 453 $ 14,301 $ 496 $ (436) $ 114 $ 14,475 March 31, 2021: Residential real estate $ 1,255 $ 363 $ (5) $ 9 $ 1,622 Commercial real estate 3,058 2 — — 3,060 Single tenant net lease 3,017 332 — — 3,349 SBA commercial real estate 4,154 163 (522) 7 3,802 Multifamily 772 38 — — 810 Residential construction 243 (107) — — 136 Commercial construction 181 58 — — 239 Land and land development 243 40 — — 283 Commercial business 1,449 82 — 5 1,536 SBA commercial business 1,539 (10) — 20 1,549 Consumer 1,115 (6) (97) 21 1,033 $ 17,026 $ 955 $ (624) $ 62 $ 17,419 The following table presents impaired loans individually evaluated for impairment as of March 31, 2022 and for the three and six-months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. The Company did not recognize any interest income on impaired loans using the cash receipts method during the three and six-month periods ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. At March 31, 2022 Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, 2022 2022 2021 2021 2022 2022 2021 2021 Unpaid Average Interest Average Interest Average Interest Average Interest Recorded Principal Related Recorded Income Recorded Income Recorded Income Recorded Income Investment Balance Allowance Investment Recognized Investment Recognized Investment Recognized Investment Recognized (In thousands) Loans with no related allowance recorded: Residential real estate $ 2,297 $ 2,723 $ — $ 3,467 $ 29 $ 4,503 $ 11 $ 3,412 $ 29 $ 4,899 $ 38 Commercial real estate 966 1,035 — 1,051 14 1,161 9 1,065 14 1,169 15 Single tenant net lease — — — — — — — — — — — SBA commercial real estate 6,445 7,434 — 7,244 — 2,755 — 7,798 — 2,229 — Multifamily 372 415 — 419 2 693 — 423 2 696 — Residential construction — — — — — — — — — — — Commercial construction — — — — — — — — — — — Land and land development — — — — — 1 — — — 1 — Commercial business 1,142 1,243 — 1,353 8 1,712 1 1,422 8 1,700 1 SBA commercial business 339 835 — 476 — 416 — 484 — 416 — Consumer 122 115 — 100 1 97 — 97 1 86 1 $ 11,683 $ 13,800 $ — $ 14,110 $ 54 $ 11,338 $ 21 $ 14,701 $ 54 $ 11,196 $ 55 Loans with an allowance recorded: Residential real estate $ 255 $ 255 $ 33 $ 380 $ — $ 88 $ — $ 254 $ — $ 117 $ — Commercial real estate — — — — — — — — — — — Single tenant net lease — — — — — — — — — — — SBA commercial real estate 410 512 201 797 — 3,548 — 854 — 4,394 — Multifamily — — — — — — — — — — — Residential construction — — — — — — — — — — — Commercial construction — — — — — — — — — — — Land and land development — — — — — — — — — — — Commercial business — — — — — 2 — — — 2 — SBA commercial business 586 536 441 477 — 410 — 325 — 406 — Consumer 139 139 — 139 — 220 — 138 — 193 — $ 1,390 $ 1,442 $ 675 $ 1,793 $ — $ 4,268 $ — $ 1,571 $ — $ 5,112 $ — Total: Residential real estate $ 2,552 $ 2,978 $ 33 $ 3,847 $ 29 $ 4,591 $ 11 $ 3,666 $ 29 $ 5,016 $ 38 Commercial real estate 966 1,035 — 1,051 14 1,161 9 1,065 14 1,169 15 Single tenant net lease — — — — — — — — — — — SBA commercial real estate 6,855 7,946 201 8,041 — 6,303 — 8,652 — 6,623 — Multifamily 372 415 — 419 2 693 — 423 2 696 — Residential construction — — — — — — — — — — — Commercial construction — — — — — — — — — — — Land and land development — — — — — 1 — — — 1 — Commercial business 1,142 1,243 — 1,353 8 1,714 1 1,422 8 1,702 1 SBA commercial business 925 1,371 441 953 — 826 — 809 — 822 — Consumer 261 254 — 239 1 317 — 235 1 279 1 $ 13,073 $ 15,242 $ 675 $ 15,903 $ 54 $ 15,606 $ 21 $ 16,272 $ 54 $ 16,308 $ 55 The following table presents impaired loans individually evaluated for impairment as of September 30, 2021. Unpaid Recorded Principal Related Investment Balance Allowance (In thousands) Loans with no related allowance recorded: Residential real estate $ 3,002 $ 3,551 $ — Commercial real estate 1,021 1,092 — Single tenant net lease — — — SBA commercial real estate 8,184 8,873 — Multifamily 482 539 — Residential construction — — — Commercial construction — — — Land and land development — — — Commercial business 1,476 1,559 — SBA commercial business 1,278 1,534 — Consumer 103 97 — $ 15,546 $ 17,245 $ — Loans with an allowance recorded: Residential real estate $ 65 $ 65 $ — Commercial real estate — — — Single tenant net lease — — — SBA commercial real estate 969 1,394 114 Multifamily — — — Residential construction — — — Commercial construction — — — Land and land development — — — Commercial business — — — SBA commercial business 18 21 18 Consumer 145 144 1 $ 1,197 $ 1,624 $ 133 Total: Residential real estate $ 3,067 $ 3,616 $ — Commercial real estate 1,021 1,092 — Single tenant net lease — — — SBA commercial real estate 9,153 10,267 114 Multifamily 482 539 — Residential construction — — — Commercial construction — — — Land and land development — — — Commercial business 1,476 1,559 — SBA commercial business 1,296 1,555 18 Consumer 248 241 1 $ 16,743 $ 18,869 $ 133 Nonperforming loans consist of nonaccrual loans and loans over 90 days past due and still accruing interest. The following table presents the recorded investment in nonperforming loans at March 31, 2022 and September 30, 2021: At March 31, 2022 At September 30, 2021 Loans 90+ Loans 90+ Days Total Days Total Nonaccrual Past Due Nonperforming Nonaccrual Past Due Nonperforming Loans Still Accruing Loans Loans Still Accruing Loans (In thousands) Residential real estate $ 1,488 $ — $ 1,488 $ 1,894 $ — $ 1,894 Commercial real estate 559 — 559 599 — 599 Single tenant net lease — — — — — — SBA commercial real estate 6,855 — 6,855 9,153 472 9,625 Multifamily — — — 482 — 482 Residential construction — — — — — — Commercial construction — — — — — — Land and land development — — — — — — Commercial business 2 — 2 1,370 — 1,370 SBA commercial business 925 — 925 1,296 — 1,296 Consumer 227 — 227 206 — 206 Total $ 10,056 $ — $ 10,056 $ 15,000 $ 472 $ 15,472 The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans at March 31, 2022: 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90+ Days Total Total Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current Loans (In thousands) Residential real estate $ 715 $ — $ 473 $ 1,188 $ 287,953 $ 289,141 Commercial real estate — 2 560 562 153,445 154,007 Single tenant net lease — — — — 437,988 437,988 SBA commercial real estate — — 2,928 2,928 60,396 63,324 Multifamily — — — — 35,363 35,363 Residential construction — — — — 11,329 11,329 Commercial construction — — — — 3,348 3,348 Land and land development — — — — 12,154 12,154 Commercial business 71 — 2 73 71,311 71,384 SBA commercial business 243 — 361 604 35,157 35,761 Consumer 7 46 89 142 31,540 31,682 Total $ 1,036 $ 48 $ 4,413 $ 5,497 $ 1,139,984 $ 1,145,481 The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans at September 30, 2021: 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90+ Days Total Total Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current Loans (In thousands) Residential real estate $ 818 $ 352 $ 347 $ 1,517 $ 240,753 $ 242,270 Commercial real estate — — 599 599 149,356 149,955 Single tenant net lease — — — — 404,938 404,938 SBA commercial real estate — 208 4,990 5,198 59,188 64,386 Multifamily — — — — 40,353 40,353 Residential construction — — — — 8,295 8,295 Commercial construction — — — — 2,695 2,695 Land and land development — — — — 10,229 10,229 Commercial business — — 3 3 60,100 60,103 SBA commercial business 18 104 848 970 79,801 80,771 Consumer 33 20 70 123 30,517 30,640 Total $ 869 $ 684 $ 6,857 $ 8,410 $ 1,086,225 $ 1,094,635 The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, public information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, and current economic conditions and trends, among other factors. The Company classifies loans based on credit risk at least quarterly. The Company uses the following regulatory definitions for risk ratings: Special Mention: Substandard: Doubtful: Loss: Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be pass rated loans. The following table presents the recorded investment in loans by risk category as of March 31, 2022: Special March 31, 2022: Pass Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total (In thousands) Residential real estate $ 287,150 $ — $ 1,825 $ 166 $ — $ 289,141 Commercial real estate 153,231 — 776 — — 154,007 Single tenant net lease 437,988 — — — — 437,988 SBA commercial real estate 51,403 1,149 9,112 1,660 — 63,324 Multifamily 34,991 — 372 — — 35,363 Residential construction 11,329 — — — — 11,329 Commercial construction 3,348 — — — — 3,348 Land and land development 12,154 — — — — 12,154 Commercial business 70,215 — 1,169 — — 71,384 SBA commercial business 32,233 — 3,483 45 — 35,761 Consumer 31,593 — 89 — — 31,682 Total $ 1,125,635 $ 1,149 $ 16,826 $ 1,871 $ — $ 1,145,481 The following table presents the recorded investment in loans by risk category as of September 30, 2021: Special September 30, 2021: Pass Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total (In thousands) Residential real estate $ 240,078 $ — $ 2,018 $ 174 $ — $ 242,270 Commercial real estate 143,031 4,059 2,865 — — 149,955 Single tenant net lease 404,938 — — — — 404,938 SBA commercial real estate 45,465 5,343 10,339 3,239 — 64,386 Multifamily 39,871 — 482 — — 40,353 Residential construction 8,295 — — — — 8,295 Commercial construction 2,695 — — — — 2,695 Land and land development 10,229 — — — — 10,229 Commercial business 58,583 — 1,520 — — 60,103 SBA commercial business 70,019 6,914 3,808 30 — 80,771 Consumer 30,570 — 70 — — 30,640 Total $ 1,053,774 $ 16,316 $ 21,102 $ 3,443 $ — $ 1,094,635 Troubled Debt Restructurings Modification of a loan is considered to be a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) if the debtor is experiencing financial difficulties and the Company grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. By granting the concession, the Company expects to obtain more cash or other value from the debtor, or to increase the probability of receipt, than would be expected by not granting the concession. The concession may include, but is not limited to, reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan, reduction of accrued interest, extension of the maturity date or reduction of the face amount or maturity amount of the debt. A concession will be granted when, as a result of the restructuring, the Company does not expect to collect all amounts due, including interest at the original stated rate. A concession may also be granted if the debtor is not able to access funds elsewhere at a market rate for debt with similar risk characteristics as the restructured debt. The Company’s determination of whether a loan modification is a TDR considers the individual facts and circumstances surrounding each modification. Loans modified in a TDR may be retained on accrual status if the borrower has maintained a period of performance in which the borrower’s lending relationship was not greater than ninety days delinquent at the time of restructuring and the Company determines the future collection of principal and interest is reasonably assured. Loans modified in a TDR that are placed on nonaccrual status at the time of restructuring will continue on nonaccrual status until the Company determines the future collection of principal and interest is reasonably assured, which generally requires that the borrower demonstrate a period of performance according to the restructured terms of at least six consecutive months. The following table summarizes the Company’s recorded investment in TDRs at March 31, 2022 and September 30, 2021. There was no specific reserve included in the allowance for loan losses related to TDRs at March 31, 2022 and September 30, 2021. Accruing Nonaccrual Total (In thousands) March 31, 2022: Residential real estate $ 1,064 $ — $ 1,064 Commercial real estate 407 451 858 SBA commercial real estate — 1,627 1,627 Multifamily 372 — 372 Commercial business 1,140 — 1,140 Consumer 34 — 34 Total $ 3,017 $ 2,078 $ 5,095 September 30, 2021: Residential real estate $ 1,173 $ — $ 1,173 Commercial real estate 422 465 887 SBA commercial real estate — 3,240 3,240 Multifamily — 482 482 Commercial business 106 1,367 1,473 Consumer 42 — 42 Total $ 1,743 $ 5,554 $ 7,297 The following table summarizes information regarding TDRs that were restructured during the three- and six-month periods ended March 31, 2021 Pre-Modification Post-Modification Number of Loans Principal Balance Principal Balance (Dollars in thousands) Three Months Ended March 31, 2021: Commercial business 1 $ 126 $ 126 Total 1 $ 126 $ 126 Six Months Ended March 31, 2021: Commercial business 1 $ 126 $ 126 Total 1 $ 126 $ 126 There were no TDRs that were restructured during the three- and six-months ended March 31, 2022. At March 31, 2022 and September 30, 2021, the Company had committed to lend $1,000 to customers with outstanding loans classified as TDRs. There were no principal charge-offs recorded as a result of TDRs during the three- and six-month periods ended March 31, 2022 or the three-month period ended March 31, 2021. There were principal charge-offs totaling $398,000 recorded as a result of TDRs during the six-month period ended March 31, 2021. In the event that a TDR subsequently defaults, the Company evaluates the restructuring for possible impairment. As a result, the related allowance for loan losses may be increased or charge-offs may be taken to reduce the carrying amount of the loan. During the three- and six-month periods ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not have any TDRs that were modified within the previous twelve months and for which there was a payment default. On March 22, 2020, the federal banking agencies issued an “Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus”. This guidance encouraged financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers that may be unable to meet their contractual obligations because of the effects of COVID-19. The guidance indicated that, in consultation with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), the federal banking agencies concluded that short-term modifications (e.g., six months) made on a good faith basis to borrowers who were current as of the implementation date of a relief program are not TDRs. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was passed by Congress on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act also addressed COVID-19 related modifications and specified that COVID-19 related modifications on loans that were current as of December 31, 2019 are not TDRs. The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, signed into law on December 27, 2020, further extended the relief from TDR accounting for qualified modifications to the earlier of January 1, 2022 or 60 days after the national emergency concerning COVID-19 terminates. At March 31, 2022, no loans remained under the Company’s payment extension program. SBA Loan Servicing Rights The Company originates loans to commercial customers under the SBA 7(a) program and other programs, and sells the guaranteed portion of the SBA loans with servicing rights retained. Loan servicing rights on originated SBA loans that have been sold are initially recorded at fair value. Capitalized SBA servicing rights are then amortized in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income. Impairment of SBA servicing rights is assessed using the present value of estimated future cash flows. The aggregate fair value of SBA loan servicing rights approximates its carrying value. A valuation model employed by an independent third party calculates the present value of future cash flows and is used to estimate fair value at the date of sale and on a quarterly basis for impairment analysis purposes. Management periodically compares the valuation model inputs and results to published industry data in order to validate the model results and assumptions. Key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the SBA loan servicing rights include the discount rate and prepayment speed assumptions. For purposes of impairment, risk characteristics such as interest rate, loan type, term and investor type are used to stratify the SBA loan servicing rights. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance to the extent that fair value is less than the carrying amount. Changes in the valuation allowance are reported in other noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income. The unpaid principal balance of SBA loans serviced for others was $254.9 million, $244.8 million and $228.5 million at March 31, 2022, September 30, 2021 and March 31, 2021, respectively. Contractually specified late fees and ancillary fees earned on SBA loans were $35,000 and $54,000 for the three- and six-month periods ended March 31, 2022, respectively. Contractually specified late fees and ancillary fees earned on SBA loans were $11,000 and $36,000 for the three- and six-month periods ended March 31, 2021, respectively. Net servicing income (contractually specified servicing fees offset by direct servicing expenses) related to SBA loans was $627,000 and $1.3 million for the three- and six-month periods ended March 31, 2022, respectively. Net servicing income (contractually specified servicing fees offset by direct servicing expenses) related to SBA loans was $512,000 and $979,000 for the three- and six-month periods ended March 31, 2021, respectively. Net servicing income and costs related to SBA loans are included in other noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income. An analysis of SBA loan servicing rights for the three- and six-month periods ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended March 31, March 31, 2022 2021 2022 2021 (In thousands) Balance, beginning of period $ 4,429 $ 3,722 $ 4,447 $ 3,748 Servicing rights capitalized 314 746 660 1,072 Amortization (264) (175) (552) (376) Direct write-offs (79) (92) (114) (275) Change in valuation allowance 47 (79) 6 (47) Balance, end of period $ 4,447 $ 4,122 $ 4,447 $ 4,122 There was no valuation allowance related to SBA loan servicing rights at March 31, 2022. The valuation allowance related to SBA loan servicing rights at September 30, 2021 was $6,000. Mortgage Servicing Rights (“MSRs”) The Company originates residential mortgage loans for sale in the secondary market and retains servicing for certain of these loans when they are sold. MSRs retained for originated loans that have been sold are accounted for at fair value. The fair value of MSRs are determined using the present value of estimated expected net servicing income using assumptions about expected mortgage loan prepayment rates, discount rate, servicing costs, and other economic factors, which are determined based on current market conditions. C |