Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Practices | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Practices Description of Business Mistras Group, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) is a leading “one source” global provider of technology-enabled asset protection solutions used to evaluate the structural integrity and reliability of critical energy, industrial and public infrastructure. The Company combines industry-leading products and technologies, expertise in mechanical integrity (MI), non-destructive testing (NDT) and mechanical services and proprietary data analysis software to deliver a comprehensive portfolio of customized solutions, ranging from routine inspections to complex, plant-wide asset integrity assessments and management. These mission critical solutions enhance customers’ ability to extend the useful life of their assets, increase productivity, minimize repair costs, comply with governmental safety and environmental regulations, manage risk and avoid catastrophic disasters. The Company serves a global customer base of companies with asset-intensive infrastructure, including companies in the oil and gas, commercial aerospace and defense, fossil and nuclear power, alternative and renewable energy, public infrastructure, chemicals, transportation, primary metals and metalworking, pharmaceutical/biotechnology and food processing industries and research and engineering institutions. Principles of Consolidation The accompanying audited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Mistras Group, Inc. and its wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries. For subsidiaries in which the Company’s ownership interest is less than 100%, the non-controlling interests are reported in stockholders’ equity in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The non-controlling interests in net income, net of tax, is classified separately in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. On January 3, 2017, the Company's Board of Directors approved a change in the Company's fiscal year from May 31 to December 31, effective December 31, 2016. In connection with this change, the Company previously filed a Transition Report on Form 10-K to report the results of the seven-month transition period from June 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016. In this Annual Report, the periods presented are the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the seven-month transition period from June 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016 and the year ended May 31, 2016. The Company has also included unaudited data for the year ended December 31, 2016 and for the seven months ended December 31, 2015 (See Note 21). For fiscal 2016, Mistras Group, Inc.’s and its subsidiaries’ fiscal years ended on May 31 except for the subsidiaries in the International segment, which ended on April 30. Accordingly, the Company’s International segment subsidiaries were consolidated on a one -month lag. Therefore, in the quarter and year of acquisition, results of acquired subsidiaries in the International segment were generally included in consolidated results for one less month than the actual number of months from the acquisition date to the end of the reporting period. Effective December 31, 2016, the Company's International segment is no longer consolidated on a one month lag, and such change for the seven month transition period ended December 31, 2016 was not material. Reclassifications Certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Such reclassifications did not have a material effect on the Company's financial condition or results of operations as previously reported. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires that the Company make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of financial statements. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience, known or expected trends and various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates, which may cause the Company’s future results to be significantly affected. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are stated net of an allowance for doubtful accounts and sales allowances. Outstanding accounts receivable balances are reviewed periodically, and allowances are provided at such time that management believes it is probable that such balances will not be collected within a reasonable period of time, to the extent reasonably estimable. The Company extends credit to its customers based upon credit evaluations in the normal course of business, primarily with 30-day terms. Bad debts are provided for based on historical experience and management’s evaluation of outstanding accounts receivable. Accounts are written off when they are deemed uncollectible under GAAP accounting standards. Concentration of Credit Risk No customer accounted for 10% or more of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018. One customer accounted for 11% and 12% of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2017 and the transition period ended December 31, 2016, which primarily were generated from the Services segment. One customer accounted for 10% of our revenues in fiscal 2016 , which primarily were generated from the Services segment. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. At times, cash deposits may exceed the limits insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk or risk of nonperformance of financial institutions. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, as determined by using the first-in, first-out method, or market. Work in process and finished goods inventory include material, direct labor, variable costs and overhead. Purchased and Internal-Use Software The Company capitalizes certain costs that are incurred to purchase or to create and implement internal-use software, which includes software coding, installation and testing. Capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over three years , the estimated useful life of the software. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is computed utilizing the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed utilizing the straight-line method over the shorter of the remaining lease term or estimated useful life. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess purchase price of acquired businesses over the fair values attributed to underlying net tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets. The Company tests goodwill for impairment at a “reporting unit” level (which for the Company is represented by (i) our Services segment, (ii) our Products and Systems segment, and (iii) the European component and (iv) Brazilian component of our International segment). Our annual impairment test is conducted on the first day of our fourth quarter, which is October 1. Goodwill is also tested for impairment whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. During the third quarter of 2017, there was a triggering event in the Products and Systems segment that resulted in a $13.2 million goodwill impairment charge. See Note 8 for further details. If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, this is an indicator that the goodwill assigned to that reporting unit may be impaired. As a result of the Company adopting ASU 2017-04, impairment will be recorded in the amount that fair value is less than carrying value, as the ASU eliminated step two of the goodwill impairment process. The Company considers the income and market approaches to estimating the fair value of our reporting units, which requires significant judgment in evaluation of economic and industry trends, estimated future cash flows, discount rates and other factors. Impairment of Long-lived Assets The Company reviews the recoverability of its long-lived assets (or asset groups) on a periodic basis in order to identify indicators of a possible impairment. The assessment for potential impairment is based primarily on the Company’s ability to recover the carrying value of its long-lived assets from expected future undiscounted cash flows. If the total expected future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the assets, a loss is recognized for the difference between fair value (computed based upon the expected future discounted cash flows) and the carrying value of the assets. During the third quarter of 2017, there was a triggering event in the Products and Systems segment that resulted in a $2.6 million impairment charge of long-lived assets. See Note 9 for further details. Acquisitions The Company allocates the purchase price of acquired businesses to their identifiable tangible assets and liabilities as well as identifiable intangible assets, such as customer relationships, technology, non-compete agreements and trade names. Certain estimates and judgments are required in the application of the fair value techniques, including estimates of the respective acquisition's future performance and related cash flows, selection of a discount rate and economic lives, and use of Level 3 measurements as defined in Accounting Standards Update ("ASC") 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure. Deferred taxes are recorded for any differences between the assigned values and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Research and Engineering Research and product development costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising, Promotions and Marketing The costs for advertising, promotion and marketing programs are expensed as incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Advertising expense was approximately $2.1 million , $1.9 million , $1.2 million and $1.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the transition period ended December 31, 2016 and fiscal 2016, respectively. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other financial current assets and liabilities approximate fair value based on the short-term nature of the items. Foreign Currency Translation The financial position and results of operations of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are measured using their functional currencies, which are their local currencies. Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated into the U.S. Dollar at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Income and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate during the period. Translation gains and losses are reported as a component of other comprehensive (loss) income for the period and included in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income within stockholders’ equity. Foreign currency (gains) and losses arising from transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are included in net income, reported in SG&A expenses, and were approximately $1.3 million , $0.6 million , $(0.7) million and $(0.1) million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, transition period ended December 31, 2016 and fiscal 2016 , respectively. Self-Insurance The Company is self-insured for certain losses relating to workers’ compensation and health benefit claims. The Company maintains third-party excess insurance coverage for all workers' compensation and health benefit claims in excess of approximately $0.3 million per occurence to reduce its exposure from such claims. Self-insured losses are accrued when it is probable that an uninsured claim has been incurred but not reported and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated at the balance sheet date. Share-based Compensation The value of services received from employees and directors in exchange for an award of an equity instrument is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the award. Such value is recognized as a non-cash expense on a straight-line basis over the period the individual provides services, which is typically the vesting period of the award with the exception of awards with graded vesting that contain an internal performance measure where each tranche is recognized on a straight-line basis over its vesting period subject to the probability of meeting the performance requirements and adjusted for the number of shares expected to be earned. As share-based compensation expense is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, the amount of expense is reduced for estimated forfeitures. The cost of these awards is recorded in selling, general and administrative expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is provided if it is more likely than not that some or all of a deferred income tax asset will not be realized. Financial accounting standards prescribe a minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. These standards also provide guidance on de-recognition, measurement, and classification of amounts relating to uncertain tax positions, accounting for and disclosure of interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods and disclosures required. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax positions are recognized as incurred within “provision for income taxes” in the consolidated statements of income. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In August 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, which defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09 for all entities by one year. This update is effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those reporting periods. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. ASU 2014-09 became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The ASU permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (the cumulative catch-up transition method). The ASU also requires expanded disclosures relating to the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative disclosures are required about customer contracts, significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. The Company adopted ASU 2014-09 along with the related additional ASUs on Topic 606 on January 1, 2018, utilizing the cumulative catch-up method. The result of adoption is immaterial to the Company's consolidated financial statements, largely because most of our projects are short-term in nature and billed on a time and material basis. The Company utilized a practical expedient that provides for revenue to be recognized in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the entity’s performance completed to date. The Company's additional required disclosures under Topic 606 are disclosed in Note 2. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) . This amendment supersedes previous accounting guidance (Topic 840) and requires all leases, with the exception of leases with a term of 12 months or less, to be recorded on the balance sheet as lease assets and lease liabilities. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The standard requires lessees and lessors to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 832), Targeted Improvements . The amendments in this update provide an optional transition method to the modified retrospective method that was part of the initial ASC 842 guidance. The optional transition method allows entities to apply the leasing standard as of January 1, 2019 and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. ASC 842 also requires expanded financial statement disclosures on leasing activities. These changes will become effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. The Company’s cross-functional team has determined the scope of arrangements that will be subject to this standard and continues to evaluate the impact of Topic 842 and its impacts on the Company’s business processes, systems and internal controls. The Company’s lease portfolio primarily includes buildings, machinery and equipment, vehicles and computer equipment. In adopting ASC 842, the new standard provides for several optional practical expedients in transition. The Company will adopt ASC 842 using the following practical expedients: • The optional transition method set forth in ASU 2018-11 in connection with the adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2019. • The “package of practical expedients,” which permits the Company not to reassess under the new standard prior conclusions on lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. • The practical expedient not to separate lease and non-lease components within the lease and account for all lease components as a single lease component. The Company has estimated the impact of a right-to-use asset and liability on the consolidated balance sheet related to operating leases of between $35 million and $40 million , while the accounting for capital leases will remain unchanged. The adoption of ASC 842 is not expected to result in significant impacts to our statements of income or cash flows. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230). This amendment provides guidance on the presentation and classification of specific cash flow items to improve consistency within the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2016-15 in the first quarter of 2018, which did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350). This amendment eliminates Step Two of the goodwill impairment test. Under the amendments in this update, entities should perform the annual goodwill impairment test by comparing the carrying value of their reporting units to their fair value. An entity should record an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. Tax deductibility of goodwill should be considered in evaluating any reporting unit's impairment loss to be taken. ASU 2017-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted ASU 2017-04 in the third quarter of 2017 for its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Scope of Modification Accounting. This amendment provides guidance concerning which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment require an entity to apply modification accounting. Certain changes to stock awards, notably administrative changes, do not require modification accounting. There are three specific criteria that need to be met in order to prove that modification accounting is not required. ASU 2017-09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2017-09 in the first quarter of 2018, which did not have any impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In December 2017, the SEC staff issued SAB 118, which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Tax Act enactment date for companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of the Act for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete. To the extent that a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate in the financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in the financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the Tax Act. As of December 31, 2018, the Company has completed the accounting for the tax effects of all of the provisions of the Tax Act. (See Note 14 for further details.) |