Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 3 Months Ended |
Mar. 31, 2014 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ' |
Basis of Quarterly Presentation | ' |
Basis of Quarterly Presentation |
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X, promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and the results of operations of the Company for the interim periods presented have been included. Certain disclosures included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K are not required to be included on an interim basis in the company’s quarterly reports on Forms 10-Q. The Company has condensed or omitted these disclosures. The interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013, which was filed with the SEC on March 3, 2014. The results of operations for the period ended March 31, 2014 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or any other future period. |
Principles of Consolidation | ' |
Principles of Consolidation |
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its subsidiaries and VIEs in which the Company is deemed the primary beneficiary. The underlying loans owned by the VIEs are shown under residential loans on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The ABS issued to third parties by the VIEs are shown under asset-backed securities. In the Company's consolidated statements of operations, the Company records interest income on the residential loans owned by the VIEs and interest expense on the ABS issued by the VIEs. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. |
Variable Interest Entity | ' |
Variable Interest Entity |
A VIE is an entity that lacks one or more of the characteristics of a voting interest entity. A VIE is defined as an entity in which equity investors do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support. The determination of whether an entity is a VIE includes both a qualitative and quantitative analysis. The Company reassesses its initial evaluation of an entity as a VIE upon the occurrence of certain reconsideration events. The entity that consolidates a VIE is known as its primary beneficiary and is generally the entity with (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, and (ii) the right to receive benefits from the VIE or the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. For VIEs that do not have substantial ongoing activities, the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance may be determined by a company's involvement with the design of the VIE. |
Use of Estimates | ' |
Use of Estimates |
The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform to U.S. GAAP. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Examples of estimates include, but are not limited to, estimates of the fair values of financial instruments, interest income on mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”), allowance for loan losses and other-than-temporary impairment charges. Actual results may differ from those estimates. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | ' |
Cash and Cash Equivalents |
The Company considers all highly liquid investments that have original or remaining maturity dates of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. At March 31, 2014, the Company had cash and cash equivalents, including amounts restricted, in excess of the FDIC deposit insurance limit of $250,000 per institution. The Company mitigates its risk of loss by actively monitoring the counterparties. |
Due From Counterparties/ Collateral Held Payable | ' |
Due from Counterparties / Collateral Held Payable |
Due from counterparties represents cash posted with the Company's counterparties as collateral for the Company’s interest rate derivatives and repurchase agreements. Collateral held payable represents cash posted with the Company by its counterparties as collateral under the Company’s interest rate derivatives and repurchase agreements. In addition, Collateral held payable may include non-cash collateral in which the Company has the obligation to return the collateral upon the Company either selling or pledging the non-cash collateral. To the extent the Company receives collateral other than cash from its counterparties such assets are not included in the Company’s balance sheet. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company either sells such assets or pledges the assets as collateral pursuant to a repurchase agreement, the cash received and the corresponding liability is reflected on the balance sheet. |
Underwriting Commissions and Offering Costs | ' |
Underwriting Commissions and Offering Costs |
Underwriting commissions and direct costs incurred in connection with the Company’s stock offerings are reflected as a reduction of additional paid-in-capital. |
Deferred Costs | ' |
Deferred Costs |
Included in deferred costs are costs associated with the issuance of beneficial interests by consolidated VIEs incurred by the Company and costs incurred in connection with the issuance by the Company of its exchangeable senior notes. These costs may include underwriting, rating agency, legal, accounting and other fees. These deferred costs are amortized as an adjustment to interest expense using the effective interest method, based upon actual repayments of the associated beneficial interests issued to third parties and over the stated legal maturity of the exchangeable senior notes. |
Repurchase Agreements | ' |
Repurchase Agreements |
The Company finances its Agency RMBS, non-Agency RMBS and CMBS investment portfolio primarily through the use of repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are treated as collateralized financing transactions and are carried at their contractual amounts, including accrued interest, as specified in the respective agreements. |
In instances where the Company acquires Agency RMBS, non-Agency RMBS or CMBS through repurchase agreements with the same counterparty from whom such assets were purchased, the Company records the assets and the related financing on a gross basis on its consolidated balance sheets, and the corresponding interest income and interest expense in its consolidated statements of operations if the transaction complies with the criteria for gross presentation. All of the following criteria must be met for gross presentation in the circumstance where the repurchase assets are financed with the same counterparty: |
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• | the initial transfer of and repurchase financing cannot be contractually contingent; |
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• | the repurchase financing entered into between the parties provides full recourse to the transferee and the repurchase price is fixed; |
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• | the financial asset has an active market and the transfer is executed at market rates; and |
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• | the repurchase agreement and financial asset do not mature simultaneously. |
The Company currently reflects all proceeds from repurchase agreements borrowings and repayment of repurchase agreement borrowings on a gross basis on the consolidated statements of cash flows. If the transaction does not comply with the criteria for gross presentation, the Company would account for the purchase commitment and repurchase agreement on a net basis and record a forward commitment to purchase such assets as a derivative instrument. Forward commitments are recorded at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in income. Additionally, the Company records the cash portion of its investment in Agency RMBS, non-Agency RMBS and CMBS as a mortgage related receivable from the counterparty on its consolidated balance sheets. |
Asset-Backed Debt Securities | ' |
Asset-Backed Securities |
ABS are recorded at principal balance net of unamortized premiums or discounts. |
Fair Value Measurements | ' |
Fair Value Measurements |
The Company discloses the fair value of its financial instruments according to a fair value hierarchy (Levels 1, 2, and 3, as defined). In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the Company is required to provide enhanced disclosures regarding instruments in the Level 3 category (which require significant management judgment), including a separate reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for each major category of assets and liabilities. |
To determine fair value of its financial instruments, the Company generally obtains one price per instrument from its primary valuation service. If this service cannot provide a price, the Company will seek a value from other vendors. The valuation services use various observable inputs which may include a combination of benchmark yields, trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, bids, offers and benchmark securities to determine prices. Both the Company and the pricing vendor continuously monitor market indicators and economic events to determine if any may have an impact on the valuations. |
Overrides of prices from pricing vendors are rare in the current market environment and with the assets the Company holds. Examples of instances that would cause an override include if the Company recently traded the same security or there is an indication of market activity that would cause the vendor price to be unreliable. In the rare instance where a price is adjusted, the Company has a control process to monitor the reason for such adjustment. |
To gain comfort that vendor prices are representative of current market information, the Company compares the transaction prices of security purchases and sales to the valuation levels provided by the vendors. Price differences exceeding pre-defined tolerance levels are identified and investigated and may be challenged. Trends are monitored over time and if there are indications that the valuations are not comparable to market activity, the vendors are asked to provide detailed information regarding their methodology and inputs. Transparency tools are also available from the vendors which help clients observe data points and/or market inputs used for pricing securities. |
In addition, the Company performs due diligence procedures on all vendors on at least an annual basis. A questionnaire is sent to vendors which requests information such as changes in methodologies, business recovery preparedness, internal controls and confirmation that evaluations are generated based on market data. Physical visits are also made to each vendor’s office. |
As described in Note 11 - “Financial Instruments,” the Company evaluates the source used to provide the market price for each security and makes a determination on its categorization within the fair value hierarchy. If the price of a security is obtained from quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets, the security is classified as a level 1 security. If the price of a security is obtained from quoted prices for similar instruments or model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable, the security is classified as a level 2 security. If the inputs appear to be unobservable, the security would be classified as a level 3 security. |
Additionally, U.S. GAAP permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value (the “fair value option”). Unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected are recognized in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. |
The Company elected the fair value option for its investments in unconsolidated ventures. The Company has the one-time option to elect fair value for these financial assets on the election date. The changes in the fair value of these instruments are recorded in equity in earnings and fair value change in unconsolidated ventures in the consolidated statements of operations. |
For assets representing available-for-sale investment securities, any change in fair value is reported through consolidated other comprehensive income (loss) with the exception of impairment losses, which are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. |
Securities | ' |
Securities |
The Company designates securities as held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, or trading depending on its ability and intent to hold such securities to maturity. Trading and securities available-for-sale are reported at fair value, while securities held-to-maturity are reported at amortized cost. Although the Company generally intends to hold most of its RMBS and CMBS until maturity, the Company may, from time to time, sell any of its RMBS or CMBS as part of its overall management of its investment portfolio and therefore classifies its RMBS and CMBS as available-for-sale securities. |
All securities classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value, based on market prices from third-party sources, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported as a separate component of shareholders’ equity. |
The Company considers its portfolio of Agency RMBS to be of high credit quality under applicable accounting guidance. For non-Agency RMBS and CMBS, the Company does not rely on ratings from third party agencies to determine the credit quality of the investment. To determine expected future losses, the Company uses internal models that analyze the individual loans underlying each security and evaluate factors including, but not limited to, delinquency status, loan-to-value ratios, borrower credit scores, occupancy status and geographic concentration to estimate the expected future cash flows. The Company places reliance on this internal model in determining credit quality and the corresponding accounting treatment. |
While non-Agency RMBS and CMBS with expected future losses are generally purchased at a discount to par, the potential for a significant adverse change in expected cash flows remains. The Company therefore considers each security for other-than-temporary impairment at least quarterly and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such evaluation. |
The determination of whether a security is other-than-temporarily impaired involves judgments and assumptions based on subjective and objective factors. Consideration is given to (i) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (ii) the financial condition and near-term prospects of recovery in fair value of the security, and (iii) the Company’s intent and ability to retain its investment in the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. |
For debt securities, the Company recognizes in earnings and reflects as a reduction in the cost basis of the security the amount of any other-than-temporary impairment related to credit losses or impairments on securities that the Company has the intent to sell or for which it is more likely than not that the Company will need to sell before recoveries. The amount of the other-than-temporary impairment on debt securities related to other factors is recorded consistent with changes in the fair value of all other available-for-sale securities as a component of consolidated shareholders’ equity in other comprehensive income or loss with no change to the cost basis of the security. |
Residential Loans Held-For-Investment | ' |
Residential Loans Held-For-Investment |
Loans held-for-investment include securitized residential mortgage loans held by VIEs in which the Company has determined it is the primary beneficiary and which are included in the Company's consolidated balance sheets, and are carried at unpaid principal balance net of any premiums and allowance for loan losses. The Company expects that it will be required to continue to consolidate the VIEs in which such loans are held and generally does not have the authority to sell the residential loans held in the VIEs. |
Commercial Loans Held-For-Investment | ' |
Commercial Loans Held-For-Investment |
Commercial loans held-for-investment by the Company are carried at cost, net of any allowance for loan losses. An allowance for loan losses will be recognized only if past and current events indicate it is probable that all amounts due will not be collected according to the terms of the loan agreement. |
Interest Income Recognition | ' |
Interest Income Recognition |
Securities |
Interest income on available-for-sale MBS, which includes accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums on such MBS, is recognized over the life of the investment using the effective interest method. Management estimates, at the time of purchase, the future expected cash flows and determines the effective interest rate based on these estimated cash flows and the Company’s purchase price. As needed, these estimated cash flows are updated and a revised yield is computed based on the current amortized cost of the investment. In estimating these cash flows, there are a number of assumptions that are subject to uncertainties and contingencies, including the rate and timing of principal payments (prepayments, repurchases, defaults and liquidations), the pass through or coupon rate and interest rate fluctuations. In addition, management must use its judgment to estimate interest payment shortfalls due to delinquencies on the underlying mortgage loans. These uncertainties and contingencies are difficult to predict and are subject to future events that may impact management’s estimates and its interest income. Security transactions are recorded on the trade date. Realized gains and losses from security transactions are determined based upon the specific identification method and recorded as gain (loss) on sale of investments, net in the consolidated statements of operations. |
Residential Loans |
Interest income from the Company’s residential loans is recognized on an accrual basis with the related premiums being amortized into interest income using the effective interest method over the weighted average life of these loans. In estimating these cash flows, there are a number of assumptions that are subject to estimation, including the interest rate and timing of principal payments (prepayments, repurchases, defaults and liquidations) and other factors. Coupon interest is recognized as revenue when earned and deemed collectible or until a loan becomes more than 90 days past due, at which point the loan is placed on nonaccrual status. Interest previously accrued for loans that have been placed on non-accrual status is reversed against interest income in the period it becomes nonaccrual. Residential loans delinquent more than 90 days or in foreclosure are characterized as delinquent. Cash principal and interest that is advanced from servicers subsequent to a loan becoming greater than 90 days past due is recorded as a liability due to the servicer. When a delinquent loan previously placed on nonaccrual status has cured, meaning all delinquent principal and interest have been remitted by the borrower, the loan is placed back on accrual status. Alternately, nonaccrual loans may be placed back on accrual status if restructured and after the loan is considered re-performing. A restructured loan is considered re-performing when the loan has been current for at least 12 months. |
Commercial Loans |
Interest is recognized as revenue when earned and deemed collectible, or until a loan becomes past due based on the terms of the loan agreement, with the related originating fees, net of origination cost, being amortized into interest income using the effective interest method over the life of the loan. Interest received subsequent to a loan becoming past due or impaired is used to reduce the outstanding loan principal balance. When a delinquent loan previously placed on nonaccrual status has cured, meaning all delinquent principal and interest have been remitted by the borrower, the loan is placed back on accrual status. Alternately, loans that have been individually impaired may be placed back on accrual status if restructured and after the loan is considered re-performing. A restructured loan is considered re-performing when the loan has been current for at least |
Allowance for Loan Losses | ' |
Allowance for Loan Losses |
Residential Loans |
For residential loans classified as held-for-investment, an allowance for loan losses is established based on the Company's estimate of credit losses. In calculating the allowance for loan losses, the Company assesses expected losses by estimating the probability of default and expected loss severities on the loans. The following factors are considered in the quarterly evaluation of the allowance for loan losses: |
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• | Loan-to-value ratios, property values, credit scores, occupancy status, geographic concentration and other observable data available from third party providers; |
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• | Historical prepayments, default rates and loss severities; and |
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• | Trends in delinquencies, loan liquidations, foreclosure timelines, liquidation expenses, servicer advances of delinquent principal and interest, and other observable data related to the servicing of the loans. |
Commercial Loans |
For commercial loans classified as held-for-investment, the Company establishes a specific allowance for loan losses for loans the Company has determined to be impaired at the reporting date. An individual loan is considered impaired when it is deemed probable that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan. |
The Company's methodology for assessing the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses begins with a quarterly formal review of each commercial loan in the portfolio to determine whether the loan is impaired. The Company generally considers the following factors in evaluating each loan: |
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• | Loan-to-value ratios upon origination or acquisition of the loan; |
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• | The most recent financial information available for each loan and associated properties, including net operating income, debt service coverage ratios, occupancy rates, rent rolls, as well as any other loss factors the Company considers relevant, such as, but not limited to, specific loan trigger events that would indicate an adverse change in expected cash flows or payment delinquency; |
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• | Economic trends, both macroeconomic as well as those directly affecting the properties associated with the loans, and the supply and demand of competing projects in the sub-market in which the subject property is located; and |
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• | The loan sponsor or borrowing entity’s ability to ensure that properties associated with the loan are managed and operated sufficiently. |
Where an individual commercial loan is deemed to be impaired, the Company records an allowance to reduce the carrying value of the loan to the current present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective rate, with a corresponding charge to provision for loan losses on the Company's consolidated statements of operations. |
Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures | ' |
Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures |
The Company has investments in unconsolidated ventures. In circumstances where the Company has a non-controlling interest but is deemed to be able to exert significant influence over the affairs of the enterprise, the Company utilizes the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method of accounting, the initial investment is increased each period for additional capital contributions and a proportionate share of the entity’s earnings and decreased for cash distributions and a proportionate share of the entity’s losses. |
The Company elected the fair value option for its investments in unconsolidated ventures. The election was made upon initial recognition in the financial statements. The Company has elected the fair value option for the purpose of enhancing the transparency of its financial condition. The Company measures the fair value on the basis of the net asset value per share of the investments. |
Dividends and Distributions Payable | ' |
Dividends and Distributions Payable |
Dividends and distributions payable represent dividends declared at the balance sheet date which are payable to common shareholders and preferred shareholders, and distributions declared at the balance sheet date which are payable to the non-controlling interest common unit holder of the Operating Partnership, respectively. |
Earnings (Loss) per Share | ' |
Earnings (Loss) per Share |
The Company calculates basic earnings (loss) per share by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders for the period by weighted-average shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding for that period. Diluted earnings per share takes into account the effect of dilutive instruments, such as units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership (“OP Units”), exchangeable debt, and unvested restricted stock, but uses the average share price for the period in determining the number of incremental shares that are to be added to the weighted-average number of shares outstanding. |
Comprehensive Income (Loss) | ' |
Comprehensive Income |
Comprehensive income is comprised of net income, as presented in the consolidated statements of operations, adjusted for changes in unrealized gains or losses on available for sale securities, changes in the fair value of derivatives accounted for as cash flow hedges and amortization of deferred swap losses resulting from the de-designation of derivatives previously accounted for as cash flow hedges. |
Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments | ' |
Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments |
U.S. GAAP provides disclosure requirements for derivatives and hedging activities with the intent to provide users of financial statements with an enhanced understanding of: (i) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments; (ii) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for; and (iii) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. U.S. GAAP requires qualitative disclosures about objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about the fair value of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative instruments. |
The Company records all derivatives on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Derivatives may also be designated as hedges of the foreign currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk in a fair value hedge or the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. The Company may enter into derivative contracts, such as credit default swaps, that are intended to economically hedge certain of its risks, even though hedge accounting does not apply or the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP. |
Effective December 31, 2013, the Company voluntarily discontinued hedge accounting for its interest rate swap agreements by de-designating the interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges. No interest rate swaps were terminated in conjunction with this action, and the Company’s risk management and hedging practices were not impacted. However, the Company’s accounting for these transactions will change prospectively. All of the Company’s interest rate swaps had previously been accounted for as cash flow hedges under the applicable guidance. As a result of discontinuing hedge accounting, beginning January 1, 2014, changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap agreements are recorded in gain (loss) on interest rate derivative instruments, net in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations, rather than in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”). Also, net interest paid or received under the interest rate swaps, which up through December 31, 2013 was recognized in interest expense, is now recognized in gain (loss) on interest rate derivative instruments, net on the Company's consolidated statements of operations. The interest rate swaps continue to be reported as assets or liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at their fair value. |
As long as the forecasted transactions that were being hedged (i.e., rollovers of the Company’s repurchase agreement borrowings) are still expected to occur, the balance in AOCI from the interest rate swap activity up through December 31, 2013 will remain in AOCI and be recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations as interest expense over the remaining term of the interest rate swaps. Refer to Note 9 - "Derivatives and Hedging Activities" for further information. |
The Company evaluates the terms and conditions of its holdings of swaptions, futures contracts and to-be-announced ("TBA") securities to determine if an instrument has the characteristics of an investment or should be considered a derivative under U.S. GAAP. Accordingly swaptions, futures contracts and TBAs having the characteristics of derivatives are accounted for at fair value with such changes recognized in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net in the consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of these swaptions, futures contracts and TBAs is included in derivative asset or derivative liability on the consolidated balance sheets. |
Income Taxes | ' |
Income Taxes |
The Company elected to be taxed as a REIT, commencing with the Company's taxable year ended December 31, 2009. Accordingly, the Company will generally not be subject to U.S. federal and applicable state and local corporate income tax to the extent that the Company makes qualifying distributions to its common shareholders, and provided the Company satisfies on a continuing basis, through actual investment and operating results, the REIT requirements including certain asset, income, distribution and stock ownership tests. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT, and does not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, it will be subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes and may be precluded from qualifying as a REIT for the subsequent four taxable years following the year in which the Company lost its REIT qualification. Accordingly, the Company’s failure to qualify as a REIT could have a material adverse impact on its results of operations and amounts available for distribution to its shareholders. |
A REIT’s dividend paid deduction for qualifying dividends to the Company’s shareholders is computed using its taxable income as opposed to net income reported on the consolidated financial statements. Taxable income, generally, will differ from net income because the determination of taxable income is based on tax regulations and not financial accounting principles. |
The Company may elect to treat certain of its future subsidiaries as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”). In general, a TRS may hold assets and engage in activities that the Company cannot hold or engage in directly and generally may engage in any real estate or non-real estate-related business. A TRS is subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate income taxes. |
If a TRS generates net income, the TRS can declare dividends to the Company which will be included in its taxable income and necessitate a distribution to its shareholders. Conversely, if the Company retains earnings at a TRS level, no distribution is required and the Company can increase book equity of the consolidated entity. The Company has no adjustments regarding its tax accounting treatment of any uncertainties. The Company expects to recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions, if any, as income tax expense, which will be included in general and administrative expense. |
Share-Based Compensation | ' |
Share-Based Compensation |
The Company has adopted an equity incentive plan under which its independent directors, as part of their compensation for serving as directors, are eligible to receive quarterly stock awards. In addition, the Company may compensate the officers and employees of the Manager and its affiliates under this plan pursuant to the management agreement. |
Share-based compensation arrangements include share options, restricted share awards, performance-based awards, share appreciation rights, and employee share purchase plans. Compensation costs relating to share-based payment transactions are recognized in the consolidated financial statements, based on the fair value of the equity or liability instruments issued on the date of grant, for awards to the Company’s independent directors. Compensation related to stock awards to officers and employees of the Manager and its affiliates is recorded at the estimated fair value of the award during the vesting period. The Company makes an upward or downward adjustment to compensation expense for the difference in the fair value at the date of grant and the date the award is earned. |
Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan | ' |
Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan |
The Company has implemented a dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan (the “DRSPP”). Under the terms of the DRSPP, shareholders who participate in the DRSPP may purchase shares of common stock directly from the Company. DRSPP participants may also automatically reinvest all or a portion of their dividends for additional shares of common stock. |
Reclassifications | ' |
Reclassifications |
The presentation of certain prior period reported amounts has been reclassified to be consistent with the current presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on net income or equity attributable to common shareholders. |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | ' |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
None |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted | ' |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted |
None |