Mortgage-Backed and Credit Risk Transfer Securities | Mortgage-Backed and Credit Risk Transfer Securities The following tables summarize our mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") and GSE CRT portfolio by asset type as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . June 30, 2019 $ in thousands Principal/ Notional Balance Unamortized Premium (Discount) Amortized Cost Unrealized Gain/ (Loss), net Fair Value Period- end Weighted Average Yield (1) Agency RMBS: 15 year fixed-rate 325,735 2,318 328,053 9,867 337,920 3.35 % 30 year fixed-rate 11,496,479 366,826 11,863,305 213,786 12,077,091 3.70 % ARM * 6,104 178 6,282 55 6,337 3.68 % Hybrid ARM* 97,925 1,694 99,619 1,169 100,788 3.21 % Total Agency RMBS pass-through 11,926,243 371,016 12,297,259 224,877 12,522,136 3.69 % Agency-CMO (2) 945,125 (543,338 ) 401,787 11,377 413,164 3.41 % Agency CMBS 2,705,117 46,874 2,751,991 174,252 2,926,243 3.39 % Non-Agency CMBS (3) 4,279,103 (768,252 ) 3,510,851 140,736 3,651,587 5.21 % Non-Agency RMBS (4)(5)(6) 2,646,663 (1,648,005 ) 998,658 119,415 1,118,073 6.70 % GSE CRT (7) 835,392 18,319 853,711 51,133 904,844 3.11 % Total 23,337,643 (2,523,386 ) 20,814,257 721,790 21,536,047 4.02 % * Adjustable-rate mortgage ("ARM") (1) Period-end weighted average yield is based on amortized cost as of June 30, 2019 and incorporates future prepayment and loss assumptions. (2) Agency collateralized mortgage obligation ("Agency-CMO") includes interest-only securities ("Agency IO"), which represent 60.9% of principal/notional balance, 7.8% of amortized cost and 7.6% of fair value. (3) Non-Agency CMBS includes interest-only securities which represent 14.0% of principal/notional balance, 0.4% of amortized cost and 0.4% of fair value. (4) Non-Agency RMBS is 55.7% fixed rate, 39.2% variable rate, and 5.1% floating rate based on fair value. Coupon payments on variable rate investments are based upon changes in the underlying ARM and Hybrid ARM loan coupons, while coupon payments on floating rate investments are based upon a spread to a reference index. (5) Of the total discount in non-Agency RMBS, $134.7 million is non-accretable (calculated using the principal/notional balance) based on estimated future cash flows of the securities. (6) Non-Agency RMBS includes interest-only securities ("non-Agency IO") which represent 55.5% of principal/notional balance, 2.3% of amortized cost and 2.0% of fair value. (7) GSE CRT weighted average yield excludes coupon interest associated with embedded derivatives not accounted for under the fair value option that is recorded as realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net. December 31, 2018 $ in thousands Principal/Notional Balance Unamortized Premium (Discount) Amortized Cost Unrealized Gain/ (Loss), net Fair Value Period- end Weighted Average Yield (1) Agency RMBS: 15 year fixed-rate 417,233 5,077 422,310 1,944 424,254 3.27 % 30 year fixed-rate 9,599,301 298,693 9,897,994 (125,225 ) 9,772,769 3.55 % ARM 105,453 350 105,803 (56 ) 105,747 2.74 % Hybrid ARM 548,133 13,425 561,558 (7,357 ) 554,201 2.80 % Total Agency RMBS pass-through 10,670,120 317,545 10,987,665 (130,694 ) 10,856,971 3.49 % Agency-CMO (2) 907,862 (631,180 ) 276,682 (8,991 ) 267,691 3.61 % Agency CMBS 973,122 15,058 988,180 14,330 1,002,510 3.54 % Non-Agency CMBS (3) 4,024,715 (727,307 ) 3,297,408 (10,949 ) 3,286,459 5.05 % Non-Agency RMBS (4)(5)(6) 2,800,335 (1,748,223 ) 1,052,112 111,570 1,163,682 7.24 % GSE CRT (7) 738,529 21,259 759,788 59,541 819,329 3.10 % Total 20,114,683 (2,752,848 ) 17,361,835 34,807 17,396,642 4.00 % (1) Period-end weighted average yield is based on amortized cost as of December 31, 2018 and incorporates future prepayment and loss assumptions. (2) Agency collateralized mortgage obligation ("Agency-CMO") includes interest-only securities ("Agency IO"), which represent 73.6% o f principal (notional) balance, 13.5% of amortized cost and 12.4% of fair value. (3) Non-Agency CMBS includes interest-only securities which represent 15.0% of principal/notional balance, 0.4% of amortized cost and 0.5% of fair value. (4) Non-Agency RMBS is 43.5% variable rate, 50.7% fixed rate, and 5.8% floating rate based on fair value. Coupon payments on variable rate investments are based upon changes in the underlying ARM and Hybrid ARM loan coupons, while coupon payments on floating rate investments are based upon a spread to a reference index. (5) Of the total discount in non-Agency RMBS, $145.6 million is non-accretable (calculated using the principal/notional balance) based on estimated future cash flows of the securities. (6) Non-Agency RMBS includes interest-only securities, which represent 55.4% of principal/notional balance, 2.3% of amortized cost and 2.4% of fair value. (7) GSE CRT weighted average yield excludes coupon interest associated with embedded derivatives not accounted for under the fair value option that is recorded as realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net. The following table presents the fair value of our available-for-sale securities and securities accounted for under the fair value option by asset type as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . We have elected the fair value option for all of our RMBS IOs, our MBS purchased on or after September 1, 2016 and our GSE CRTs purchased on or after August 24, 2015. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , approximately 78% and 67% , respectively, of our MBS and GSE CRTs are accounted for under the fair value option. June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 $ in thousands Available-for-sale Securities Securities under Fair Value Option Total Fair Value Available-for-sale Securities Securities under Fair Value Option Total Agency RMBS: 15 year fixed-rate 126,708 211,212 337,920 204,347 219,907 424,254 30 year fixed-rate 869,612 11,207,479 12,077,091 1,093,070 8,679,699 9,772,769 ARM 6,337 — 6,337 105,747 — 105,747 Hybrid ARM 69,770 31,018 100,788 521,199 33,002 554,201 Total RMBS Agency pass-through 1,072,427 11,449,709 12,522,136 1,924,363 8,932,608 10,856,971 Agency-CMO 163,025 250,139 413,164 168,385 99,306 267,691 Agency CMBS — 2,926,243 2,926,243 — 1,002,510 1,002,510 Non-Agency CMBS 2,168,868 1,482,719 3,651,587 2,153,403 1,133,056 3,286,459 Non-Agency RMBS 862,660 255,413 1,118,073 961,445 202,237 1,163,682 GSE CRT 555,134 349,710 904,844 586,231 233,098 819,329 Total 4,822,114 16,713,933 21,536,047 5,793,827 11,602,815 17,396,642 The components of the carrying value of our MBS and GSE CRT portfolio at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are presented below. June 30, 2019 $ in thousands MBS and GSE CRT Securities Interest-Only Securities Total Principal/notional balance 20,839,637 2,498,006 23,337,643 Unamortized premium 471,995 — 471,995 Unamortized discount (561,979 ) (2,433,402 ) (2,995,381 ) Gross unrealized gains (1) 731,892 5,783 737,675 Gross unrealized losses (1) (11,668 ) (4,217 ) (15,885 ) Fair value 21,469,877 66,170 21,536,047 December 31, 2018 $ in thousands MBS and GSE CRT Securities Interest-Only Securities Total Principal/notional balance 17,442,367 2,672,316 20,114,683 Unamortized premium 395,907 — 395,907 Unamortized discount (549,988 ) (2,598,767 ) (3,148,755 ) Gross unrealized gains (1) 238,579 7,448 246,027 Gross unrealized losses (1) (204,664 ) (6,556 ) (211,220 ) Fair value 17,322,201 74,441 17,396,642 (1) Gross unrealized gains and losses includes gains (losses) recognized in net income for securities accounted for as derivatives or under the fair value option as well as gains (losses) for available-for-sale securities which are recognized as adjustments to other comprehensive income. Realization occurs upon sale or settlement of such securities. Further detail on the components of our total gains (losses) on investments, net for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is provided below within this Note 4. The following table summarizes our MBS and GSE CRT portfolio according to estimated weighted average life classifications as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . $ in thousands June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Less than one year 55,567 110,020 Greater than one year and less than five years 9,122,993 3,508,100 Greater than or equal to five years 12,357,487 13,778,522 Total 21,536,047 17,396,642 The following tables present the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of our MBS and GSE CRTs by length of time that such securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . June 30, 2019 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total $ in thousands Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Agency RMBS: 15 year fixed-rate 2,853 (7 ) 14 3,833 (22 ) 14 6,686 (29 ) 28 30 year fixed-rate 958 (2 ) 2 903,747 (3,390 ) 31 904,705 (3,392 ) 33 ARM — — — 2,764 (32 ) 2 2,764 (32 ) 2 Hybrid ARM 2,757 (1 ) 1 32,705 (396 ) 10 35,462 (397 ) 11 Total Agency RMBS pass-through (1) 6,568 (10 ) 17 943,049 (3,840 ) 57 949,617 (3,850 ) 74 Agency-CMO (2) 7,302 (2,392 ) 13 46,468 (1,400 ) 13 53,770 (3,792 ) 26 Non-Agency CMBS (3) 15,899 (29 ) 3 127,707 (6,586 ) 9 143,606 (6,615 ) 12 Non-Agency RMBS (4) 11,399 (1,027 ) 10 84,033 (601 ) 11 95,432 (1,628 ) 21 Total 41,168 (3,458 ) 43 1,201,257 (12,427 ) 90 1,242,425 (15,885 ) 133 (1) Includes Agency RMBS with a fair value of $ 786.5 million for which the fair value option has been elected. These securities have unrealized losses of $ 2.6 million . (2) Includes Agency IO with fair value of $12.2 million for which the fair value option has been elected. These Agency IO have unrealized losses of $3.3 million . (3) Includes non-Agency CMBS with a fair value of $15.9 million for which the fair value option has been elected. These securities have unrealized losses of $29,000 . (4) Includes non-Agency RMBS and non-Agency IO with a fair value of $6.1 million and $4.4 million , respectively for which the fair value option has been elected. These securities have unrealized losses of $120,000 and $907,000 , respectively. December 31, 2018 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total $ in thousands Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Agency RMBS: 15 year fixed-rate 86,241 (814 ) 50 16,660 (189 ) 22 102,901 (1,003 ) 72 30 year fixed-rate 3,966,347 (49,182 ) 158 2,846,090 (94,716 ) 95 6,812,437 (143,898 ) 253 ARM 2,632 (28 ) 1 49,954 (785 ) 10 52,586 (813 ) 11 Hybrid ARM 6,758 (59 ) 2 453,463 (8,390 ) 71 460,221 (8,449 ) 73 Total Agency RMBS pass-through (1) 4,061,978 (50,083 ) 211 3,366,167 (104,080 ) 198 7,428,145 (154,163 ) 409 Agency-CMO (2) 152,962 (6,315 ) 34 101,705 (5,100 ) 19 254,667 (11,415 ) 53 Non-Agency CMBS (3) 1,214,691 (17,778 ) 94 659,298 (25,381 ) 52 1,873,989 (43,159 ) 146 Non-Agency RMBS (4) 87,850 (1,152 ) 19 89,265 (1,138 ) 16 177,115 (2,290 ) 35 GSE CRT (5) 9,639 (193 ) 1 — — — 9,639 (193 ) 1 Total 5,527,120 (75,521 ) 359 4,216,435 (135,699 ) 285 9,743,555 (211,220 ) 644 (1) Includes Agency RMBS with a fair value of $6.1 billion for which the fair value option has been elected. These securities have unrealized losses of $ 130.2 million . (2) Includes Agency IO and Agency-CMO with fair value of $21.8 million and $66.0 million , respectively, for which the fair value option has been elected. These Agency IO and Agency-CMO securities have unrealized losses of $6.3 million and $845,000 , respectively. (3) Includes non-Agency CMBS with a fair value of $831.3 million for which the fair value option has been elected. These securities have unrealized losses of $26.3 million . (4) Includes non-Agency RMBS and non-Agency IO with a fair value of $6.2 million and $3.7 million for which the fair value option has been elected. These securities have unrealized losses of $79,000 and $269,000 , respectively. (5) Fair value option has been elected for all GSE CRT that are in an unrealized loss position. Gross unrealized losses on our Agency RMBS, Agency CMBS and CMO were $4.3 million at June 30, 2019 . Gross unrealized losses on our Agency RMBS, GSE CRT and CMO were $159.3 million at December 31, 2018 . Due to the inherent credit quality of Agency RMBS, Agency CMBS and Agency-CMO, we determined that at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , any unrealized losses on these securities are not other than temporary. Gross unrealized losses on our Agency IO, non-Agency RMBS and non-Agency CMBS were $11.6 million at June 30, 2019 ( December 31, 2018 : $51.9 million ). We did not consider these unrealized losses to be credit related, but rather due to non-credit related factors such as interest rates, prepayment speeds, and market fluctuations. These investment securities are included in our assessment for other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI"). We assess our investment securities for OTTI on a quarterly basis. When the fair value of an investment is less than its amortized cost at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which impairment is assessed, the impairment is designated as either "temporary" or "other-than-temporary." This analysis includes a determination of estimated future cash flows through an evaluation of the characteristics of the underlying loans and the structural features of the investment. Underlying loan characteristics reviewed include, but are not limited to, delinquency status, loan-to-value ratios, borrower credit scores, occupancy status and geographic concentration. The following table summarizes OTTI included in earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 : Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, $ in thousands 2019 2018 2019 2018 RMBS interest-only securities 489 2,089 1,952 6,398 Non-Agency RMBS (1) 711 — 1,024 50 Total 1,200 2,089 2,976 6,448 (1) Amounts disclosed relate to credit losses on debt securities for which a portion of an other-than-temporary impairment was recognized in other comprehensive income. OTTI on RMBS interest-only securities was recorded as a reclassification from an unrealized to realized loss within gain (loss) on investments, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations because we account for these securities under the fair value option. As of June 30, 2019 , we did not intend to sell the securities and determined that it was not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the securities. The following table summarizes the components of our total gain (loss) on investments, net for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 . Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, $ in thousands 2019 2018 2019 2018 Gross realized gains on sale of investments 3,957 35 5,159 35 Gross realized losses on sale of investments (1,928 ) (11,560 ) (14,245 ) (20,797 ) Other-than-temporary impairment losses (1,200 ) (2,089 ) (2,976 ) (6,448 ) Net unrealized gains and losses on MBS accounted for under the fair value option 304,692 (22,941 ) 584,731 (170,136 ) Net unrealized gains and losses on GSE CRT accounted for under the fair value option (3,339 ) 182 (2,105 ) 616 Net unrealized gains and losses on trading securities — (4 ) — (17 ) Total gain (loss) on investments, net 302,182 (36,377 ) 570,564 (196,747 ) The following tables present components of interest income recognized on our MBS and GSE CRT portfolio for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 . GSE CRT interest income excludes coupon interest associated with embedded derivatives not accounted for under the fair value option that is recorded as realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net. For the three months ended June 30, 2019 $ in thousands Coupon Interest Net (Premium Amortization)/Discount Accretion Interest Income Agency RMBS 131,757 (17,153 ) 114,604 Agency CMBS 17,862 (909 ) 16,953 Non-Agency CMBS 40,615 3,350 43,965 Non-Agency RMBS 13,877 2,800 16,677 GSE CRT 9,426 (1,852 ) 7,574 Other 964 — 964 Total 214,501 (13,764 ) 200,737 For the three months ended June 30, 2018 $ in thousands Coupon Interest Net (Premium Amortization)/Discount Accretion Interest Income Agency RMBS 105,389 (22,274 ) 83,115 Agency CMBS 41 (1 ) 40 Non-Agency CMBS 38,101 1,195 39,296 Non-Agency RMBS 13,195 5,159 18,354 GSE CRT 7,180 (696 ) 6,484 Other 259 — 259 Total 164,165 (16,617 ) 147,548 For the six months ended June 30, 2019 $ in thousands Coupon Interest Net (Premium Amortization)/Discount Accretion Interest Income Agency RMBS 251,483 (29,347 ) 222,136 Agency CMBS 28,333 (1,440 ) 26,893 Non-Agency CMBS 79,445 6,381 85,826 Non-Agency RMBS 28,144 6,722 34,866 GSE CRT 18,022 (3,030 ) 14,992 Other 1,516 — 1,516 Total 406,943 (20,714 ) 386,229 For the six months ended June 30, 2018 $ in thousands Coupon Interest Net (Premium Amortization)/Discount Accretion Interest Income Agency RMBS 213,706 (45,496 ) 168,210 Agency CMBS 41 (1 ) 40 Non-Agency CMBS 75,394 2,621 78,015 Non-Agency RMBS 27,207 10,336 37,543 GSE CRT 13,705 (1,393 ) 12,312 Other 431 — 431 Total 330,484 (33,933 ) 296,551 |