Mortgage-Backed and Credit Risk Transfer Securities | Mortgage-Backed and Credit Risk Transfer Securities The following tables summarize our mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") and GSE CRT portfolio by asset type as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . September 30, 2019 $ in thousands Principal/ Notional Balance Unamortized Premium (Discount) Amortized Cost Unrealized Gain/ (Loss), net Fair Value Period- end Weighted Average Yield (1) Agency RMBS: 15 year fixed-rate 296,708 1,873 298,581 10,689 309,270 3.33 % 30 year fixed-rate 11,381,340 366,162 11,747,502 297,405 12,044,907 3.66 % Hybrid ARM * 60,551 654 61,205 1,444 62,649 3.58 % Total Agency RMBS pass-through 11,738,599 368,689 12,107,288 309,538 12,416,826 3.65 % Agency-CMO (2) 930,836 (500,625 ) 430,211 17,181 447,392 3.48 % Agency CMBS (3) 4,597,320 77,442 4,674,762 261,421 4,936,183 3.00 % Non-Agency CMBS (4) 4,446,232 (778,004 ) 3,668,228 183,324 3,851,552 5.23 % Non-Agency RMBS (5)(6)(7) 2,467,994 (1,565,995 ) 901,999 116,512 1,018,511 6.72 % GSE CRT (8) 862,797 22,387 885,184 43,851 929,035 2.88 % Total 25,043,778 (2,376,106 ) 22,667,672 931,827 23,599,499 3.86 % * Adjustable-rate mortgage ("ARM") (1) Period-end weighted average yield is based on amortized cost as of September 30, 2019 and incorporates future prepayment and loss assumptions. (2) Agency collateralized mortgage obligation ("Agency-CMO") includes interest-only securities ("Agency IO"), which represent 57.2% of principal/notional balance, 6.7% of amortized cost and 6.6% of fair value. (3) Includes approximately $1.3 billion of to-be-announced ("TBA") securities that will primarily settle in the fourth quarter of 2019. (4) Non-Agency CMBS includes interest-only securities which represent 13.3% of principal/notional balance, 0.3% of amortized cost and 0.3% of fair value. (5) Non-Agency RMBS is 57.8% fixed rate, 37.0% variable rate, and 5.2% floating rate based on fair value. Coupon payments on variable rate investments are based upon changes in the underlying Hybrid ARM loan coupons, while coupon payments on floating rate investments are based upon a spread to a reference index. (6) Of the total discount in non-Agency RMBS, $128.9 million is non-accretable (calculated using the principal/notional balance) based on estimated future cash flows of the securities. (7) Non-Agency RMBS includes interest-only securities ("non-Agency IO") which represent 56.3% of principal/notional balance, 2.2% of amortized cost and 1.9% of fair value. (8) GSE CRT weighted average yield excludes coupon interest associated with embedded derivatives not accounted for under the fair value option that is recorded as realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net. December 31, 2018 $ in thousands Principal/Notional Balance Unamortized Premium (Discount) Amortized Cost Unrealized Gain/ (Loss), net Fair Value Period- end Weighted Average Yield (1) Agency RMBS: 15 year fixed-rate 417,233 5,077 422,310 1,944 424,254 3.27 % 30 year fixed-rate 9,599,301 298,693 9,897,994 (125,225 ) 9,772,769 3.55 % Hybrid ARM 653,586 13,775 667,361 (7,413 ) 659,948 2.79 % Total Agency RMBS pass-through 10,670,120 317,545 10,987,665 (130,694 ) 10,856,971 3.49 % Agency-CMO (2) 907,862 (631,180 ) 276,682 (8,991 ) 267,691 3.61 % Agency CMBS 973,122 15,058 988,180 14,330 1,002,510 3.54 % Non-Agency CMBS (3) 4,024,715 (727,307 ) 3,297,408 (10,949 ) 3,286,459 5.05 % Non-Agency RMBS (4)(5)(6) 2,800,335 (1,748,223 ) 1,052,112 111,570 1,163,682 7.24 % GSE CRT (7) 738,529 21,259 759,788 59,541 819,329 3.10 % Total 20,114,683 (2,752,848 ) 17,361,835 34,807 17,396,642 4.00 % (1) Period-end weighted average yield is based on amortized cost as of December 31, 2018 and incorporates future prepayment and loss assumptions. (2) Agency collateralized mortgage obligation ("Agency-CMO") includes interest-only securities ("Agency IO"), which represent 73.6% o f principal (notional) balance, 13.5% of amortized cost and 12.4% of fair value. (3) Non-Agency CMBS includes interest-only securities which represent 15.0% of principal/notional balance, 0.4% of amortized cost and 0.5% of fair value. (4) Non-Agency RMBS is 43.5% variable rate, 50.7% fixed rate, and 5.8% floating rate based on fair value. Coupon payments on variable rate investments are based upon changes in the underlying Hybrid ARM loan coupons, while coupon payments on floating rate investments are based upon a spread to a reference index. (5) Of the total discount in non-Agency RMBS, $145.6 million is non-accretable (calculated using the principal/notional balance) based on estimated future cash flows of the securities. (6) Non-Agency RMBS includes interest-only securities, which represent 55.4% of principal/notional balance, 2.3% of amortized cost and 2.4% of fair value. (7) GSE CRT weighted average yield excludes coupon interest associated with embedded derivatives not accounted for under the fair value option that is recorded as realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net. The following table presents the fair value of our available-for-sale securities and securities accounted for under the fair value option by asset type as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . We have elected the fair value option for all of our RMBS interest-only securities, our MBS purchased on or after September 1, 2016 and our GSE CRTs purchased on or after August 24, 2015. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , approximately 81% and 67% , respectively, of our MBS and GSE CRTs are accounted for under the fair value option. September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 $ in thousands Available-for-sale Securities Securities under Fair Value Option Total Fair Value Available-for-sale Securities Securities under Fair Value Option Total Agency RMBS: 15 year fixed-rate 106,216 203,054 309,270 204,347 219,907 424,254 30 year fixed-rate 788,483 11,256,424 12,044,907 1,093,070 8,679,699 9,772,769 Hybrid ARM 34,319 28,330 62,649 626,946 33,002 659,948 Total RMBS Agency pass-through 929,018 11,487,808 12,416,826 1,924,363 8,932,608 10,856,971 Agency-CMO 156,447 290,945 447,392 168,385 99,306 267,691 Agency CMBS — 4,936,183 4,936,183 — 1,002,510 1,002,510 Non-Agency CMBS 2,174,951 1,676,601 3,851,552 2,153,403 1,133,056 3,286,459 Non-Agency RMBS 759,701 258,810 1,018,511 961,445 202,237 1,163,682 GSE CRT 530,506 398,529 929,035 586,231 233,098 819,329 Total 4,550,623 19,048,876 23,599,499 5,793,827 11,602,815 17,396,642 The components of the carrying value of our MBS and GSE CRT portfolio at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are presented below. September 30, 2019 $ in thousands MBS and GSE CRT Securities Interest-Only Securities Total Principal/notional balance 22,530,430 2,513,348 25,043,778 Unamortized premium 505,323 — 505,323 Unamortized discount (429,027 ) (2,452,402 ) (2,881,429 ) Gross unrealized gains (1) 948,663 4,109 952,772 Gross unrealized losses (1) (17,431 ) (3,514 ) (20,945 ) Fair value 23,537,958 61,541 23,599,499 December 31, 2018 $ in thousands MBS and GSE CRT Securities Interest-Only Securities Total Principal/notional balance 17,442,367 2,672,316 20,114,683 Unamortized premium 395,907 — 395,907 Unamortized discount (549,988 ) (2,598,767 ) (3,148,755 ) Gross unrealized gains (1) 238,579 7,448 246,027 Gross unrealized losses (1) (204,664 ) (6,556 ) (211,220 ) Fair value 17,322,201 74,441 17,396,642 (1) Gross unrealized gains and losses includes gains (losses) recognized in net income for securities accounted for as derivatives or under the fair value option as well as gains (losses) for available-for-sale securities which are recognized as adjustments to other comprehensive income. Realization occurs upon sale or settlement of such securities. Further detail on the components of our total gains (losses) on investments, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 is provided below within this Note 4. The following table summarizes our MBS and GSE CRT portfolio according to estimated weighted average life classifications as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . $ in thousands September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Less than one year 87,420 110,020 Greater than one year and less than five years 10,071,194 3,508,100 Greater than or equal to five years 13,440,885 13,778,522 Total 23,599,499 17,396,642 The following tables present the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of our MBS and GSE CRTs by length of time that such securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . September 30, 2019 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total $ in thousands Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Agency RMBS: 15 year fixed-rate 3 — 1 1,067 (5 ) 7 1,070 (5 ) 8 30 year fixed-rate 704,840 (1,584 ) 7 56,531 (349 ) 7 761,371 (1,933 ) 14 Hybrid ARM 438 (1 ) 1 1,629 (50 ) 4 2,067 (51 ) 5 Total Agency RMBS pass-through (1) 705,281 (1,585 ) 9 59,227 (404 ) 18 764,508 (1,989 ) 27 Agency-CMO (2) 45,278 (2,237 ) 17 4,656 (641 ) 9 49,934 (2,878 ) 26 Agency CMBS (3) 768,675 (7,331 ) 31 — — — 768,675 (7,331 ) 31 Non-Agency CMBS (4) 83,184 (426 ) 6 105,329 (7,165 ) 7 188,513 (7,591 ) 13 GSE CRT (5) 25,467 (198 ) 1 — — — 25,467 (198 ) 1 Non-Agency RMBS (6) 19,653 (733 ) 11 21,506 (225 ) 4 41,159 (958 ) 15 Total 1,647,538 (12,510 ) 75 190,718 (8,435 ) 38 1,838,256 (20,945 ) 113 (1) Includes Agency RMBS with a fair value of $ 730.8 million for which the fair value option has been elected. These securities have unrealized losses of $ 1.7 million . (2) Includes Agency IO with fair value of $11.9 million for which the fair value option has been elected. These Agency IO have unrealized losses of $2.7 million . (3) Fair value option has been elected for all Agency CMBS that are in an unrealized loss position. (4) Includes non-Agency CMBS with a fair value of $83.2 million for which the fair value option has been elected. These securities have unrealized losses of $426,000 . (5) Fair value option has been elected for all GSE CRT that are in an unrealized loss position. (6) Includes non-Agency RMBS and non-Agency IO with a fair value of $6.2 million and $4.0 million , respectively for which the fair value option has been elected. These securities have unrealized losses of $1,000 and $645,000 , respectively. December 31, 2018 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total $ in thousands Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Agency RMBS: 15 year fixed-rate 86,241 (814 ) 50 16,660 (189 ) 22 102,901 (1,003 ) 72 30 year fixed-rate 3,966,347 (49,182 ) 158 2,846,090 (94,716 ) 95 6,812,437 (143,898 ) 253 Hybrid ARM 9,390 (87 ) 3 503,417 (9,175 ) 81 512,807 (9,262 ) 84 Total Agency RMBS pass-through (1) 4,061,978 (50,083 ) 211 3,366,167 (104,080 ) 198 7,428,145 (154,163 ) 409 Agency-CMO (2) 152,962 (6,315 ) 34 101,705 (5,100 ) 19 254,667 (11,415 ) 53 Non-Agency CMBS (3) 1,214,691 (17,778 ) 94 659,298 (25,381 ) 52 1,873,989 (43,159 ) 146 Non-Agency RMBS (4) 87,850 (1,152 ) 19 89,265 (1,138 ) 16 177,115 (2,290 ) 35 GSE CRT (5) 9,639 (193 ) 1 — — — 9,639 (193 ) 1 Total 5,527,120 (75,521 ) 359 4,216,435 (135,699 ) 285 9,743,555 (211,220 ) 644 (1) Includes Agency RMBS with a fair value of $6.1 billion for which the fair value option has been elected. These securities have unrealized losses of $ 130.2 million . (2) Includes Agency IO and Agency-CMO with fair value of $21.8 million and $66.0 million , respectively, for which the fair value option has been elected. These Agency IO and Agency-CMO securities have unrealized losses of $6.3 million and $845,000 , respectively. (3) Includes non-Agency CMBS with a fair value of $831.3 million for which the fair value option has been elected. These securities have unrealized losses of $26.3 million . (4) Includes non-Agency RMBS and non-Agency IO with a fair value of $6.2 million and $3.7 million for which the fair value option has been elected. These securities have unrealized losses of $79,000 and $269,000 , respectively. (5) Fair value option has been elected for all GSE CRT that are in an unrealized loss position. Gross unrealized losses on our Agency RMBS, Agency CMBS and CMO were $9.5 million at September 30, 2019 ( December 31, 2018 : $159.3 million ). Due to the inherent credit quality of Agency RMBS, Agency CMBS and Agency-CMO, we determined that at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , any unrealized losses on these securities are not other than temporary. Gross unrealized losses on our Agency IO, non-Agency RMBS, GSE CRT and non-Agency CMBS were $11.5 million at September 30, 2019 ( December 31, 2018 : $51.9 million ). We did not consider these unrealized losses to be credit related, but rather due to non-credit related factors such as interest rates, prepayment speeds, and market fluctuations. These investment securities are included in our assessment for other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI"). We assess our investment securities for OTTI on a quarterly basis. When the fair value of an investment is less than its amortized cost at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which impairment is assessed, the impairment is designated as either "temporary" or "other-than-temporary." This analysis includes a determination of estimated future cash flows through an evaluation of the characteristics of the underlying loans and the structural features of the investment. Underlying loan characteristics reviewed include, but are not limited to, delinquency status, loan-to-value ratios, borrower credit scores, occupancy status and geographic concentration. The following table summarizes OTTI included in earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 : Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, $ in thousands 2019 2018 2019 2018 RMBS interest-only securities 1,826 702 3,778 7,100 Non-Agency RMBS (1) — 35 1,024 85 Total 1,826 737 4,802 7,185 (1) Amounts disclosed relate to credit losses on debt securities for which a portion of an other-than-temporary impairment was recognized in other comprehensive income. OTTI on RMBS interest-only securities was recorded as a reclassification from an unrealized to realized loss within gain (loss) on investments, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations because we account for these securities under the fair value option. As of September 30, 2019 , we did not intend to sell the securities and determined that it was not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the securities. The following table summarizes the components of our total gain (loss) on investments, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 . Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, $ in thousands 2019 2018 2019 2018 Gross realized gains on sale of investments 4,022 739 9,181 774 Gross realized losses on sale of investments (1,485 ) (141,454 ) (15,730 ) (162,251 ) Other-than-temporary impairment losses (1,826 ) (737 ) (4,802 ) (7,185 ) Net unrealized gains and losses on MBS accounted for under the fair value option 202,876 (66,831 ) 787,607 (236,967 ) Net unrealized gains and losses on GSE CRT accounted for under the fair value option (1,174 ) 377 (3,279 ) 993 Net unrealized gains and losses on trading securities — (4 ) — (21 ) Total gain (loss) on investments, net 202,413 (207,910 ) 772,977 (404,657 ) The following tables present components of interest income recognized on our MBS and GSE CRT portfolio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 . GSE CRT interest income excludes coupon interest associated with embedded derivatives not accounted for under the fair value option that is recorded as realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net. For the three months ended September 30, 2019 $ in thousands Coupon Interest Net (Premium Amortization)/Discount Accretion Interest Income Agency RMBS 122,725 (21,526 ) 101,199 Agency CMBS 25,434 (1,395 ) 24,039 Non-Agency CMBS 41,972 3,957 45,929 Non-Agency RMBS 12,746 2,725 15,471 GSE CRT 9,913 (2,369 ) 7,544 Other 756 — 756 Total 213,546 (18,608 ) 194,938 For the three months ended September 30, 2018 $ in thousands Coupon Interest Net (Premium Amortization)/Discount Accretion Interest Income Agency RMBS 111,893 (20,598 ) 91,295 Agency CMBS 3,936 (252 ) 3,684 Non-Agency CMBS 37,938 1,470 39,408 Non-Agency RMBS 14,106 4,831 18,937 GSE CRT 7,513 (731 ) 6,782 Other 310 — 310 Total 175,696 (15,280 ) 160,416 For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 $ in thousands Coupon Interest Net (Premium Amortization)/Discount Accretion Interest Income Agency RMBS 374,208 (50,873 ) 323,335 Agency CMBS 53,767 (2,835 ) 50,932 Non-Agency CMBS 121,417 10,338 131,755 Non-Agency RMBS 40,890 9,447 50,337 GSE CRT 27,935 (5,399 ) 22,536 Other 2,272 — 2,272 Total 620,489 (39,322 ) 581,167 For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 $ in thousands Coupon Interest Net (Premium Amortization)/Discount Accretion Interest Income Agency RMBS 325,599 (66,094 ) 259,505 Agency CMBS 3,977 (253 ) 3,724 Non-Agency CMBS 113,332 4,091 117,423 Non-Agency RMBS 41,313 15,167 56,480 GSE CRT 21,218 (2,124 ) 19,094 Other 741 — 741 Total 506,180 (49,213 ) 456,967 |