Mortgage-Backed and Credit Risk Transfer Securities | Mortgage-Backed and Credit Risk Transfer Securities During the first half of 2020, we experienced unprecedented market conditions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and sold a substantial portion of our MBS and GSE CRT portfolio to generate liquidity and reduce leverage. We resumed investing in Agency RMBS in July 2020. The following tables summarize our MBS and GSE CRT portfolio by asset type as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. September 30, 2020 $ in thousands Principal/ Notional Unamortized Amortized Unrealized Fair Period- end Weighted Average Yield (1) Agency RMBS: 30 year fixed-rate 5,260,201 278,538 5,538,739 (2,636) 5,536,103 1.91 % Total Agency RMBS pass-through 5,260,201 278,538 5,538,739 (2,636) 5,536,103 1.91 % Agency-CMO (2) 20,637 (20,637) — — — — % Non-Agency CMBS 454,877 (28,114) 426,763 606 427,369 7.61 % Non-Agency RMBS (3)(4)(5) 955,880 (937,114) 18,766 (5,698) 13,068 0.36 % GSE CRT 5,332 — 5,332 (415) 4,917 3.43 % Total 6,696,927 (707,327) 5,989,600 (8,143) 5,981,457 2.32 % (1) Period-end weighted average yield is based on amortized cost as of September 30, 2020 and incorporates future prepayment and loss assumptions. (2) All Agency collateralized mortgage obligations ("Agency-CMO") are interest-only securities ("Agency IO"). (3) Non-Agency RMBS is 69.6% fixed rate, 29.6% variable rate, and 0.8% floating rate based on fair value. Coupon payments on variable rate investments are based upon changes in the underlying Hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage ("ARM") loan coupons, while coupon payments on floating rate investments are based upon a spread to a reference index. (4) Of the total discount in non-Agency RMBS, $2.1 million is non-accretable (calculated using the principal/notional balance) based on estimated future cash flows of the securities. (5) Non-Agency RMBS includes interest-only securities ("non-Agency IO") which represent 98.9% of principal/notional balance, 69.3% of amortized cost and 46.4% of fair value. December 31, 2019 $ in thousands Principal/Notional Unamortized Amortized Unrealized Fair Period- end Weighted Average Yield (1) Agency RMBS: 15 year fixed-rate 280,426 1,666 282,092 10,322 292,414 3.34 % 30 year fixed-rate 9,911,339 308,427 10,219,766 304,454 10,524,220 3.62 % Hybrid ARM 55,024 602 55,626 1,267 56,893 3.46 % Total Agency RMBS pass-through 10,246,789 310,695 10,557,484 316,043 10,873,527 3.61 % Agency-CMO (2) 883,122 (467,840) 415,282 12,230 427,512 3.54 % Agency CMBS (3) 4,561,276 75,299 4,636,575 131,355 4,767,930 3.01 % Non-Agency CMBS (4) 4,464,525 (772,295) 3,692,230 131,244 3,823,474 5.16 % Non-Agency RMBS (5)(6)(7) 2,340,119 (1,487,603) 852,516 103,155 955,671 6.98 % GSE CRT (8) 858,244 19,945 878,189 45,483 923,672 2.78 % Total 23,354,075 (2,321,799) 21,032,276 739,510 21,771,786 3.85 % (1) Period-end weighted average yield is based on amortized cost as of December 31, 2019 and incorporates future prepayment and loss assumptions. (2) Agency-CMO includes Agency IO, which represent 56.3% o f principal (notional) balance, 6.4% of amortized cost and 6.4% of fair value. (3) Includes Agency CMBS purchase commitments with a fair value of approximately $96.2 million. (4) Non-Agency CMBS includes interest-only securities which represent 13.1% of principal/notional balance, 0.3% of amortized cost and 0.3% of fair value. (5) Non-Agency RMBS is 37.0% variable rate, 57.7% fixed rate, and 5.3% floating rate based on fair value. Coupon payments on variable rate investments are based upon changes in the underlying Hybrid ARM loan coupons, while coupon payments on floating rate investments are based upon a spread to a reference index. (6) Of the total discount in non-Agency RMBS, $120.2 million is non-accretable (calculated using the principal/notional balance) based on estimated future cash flows of the securities. (7) Non-Agency RMBS includes interest-only securities, which represent 56.2% of principal/notional balance, 1.9% of amortized cost and 1.3% of fair value. (8) GSE CRT weighted average yield excludes coupon interest associated with embedded derivatives not accounted for under the fair value option that is recorded as realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net. The following table presents the fair value of our available-for-sale securities and securities accounted for under the fair value option by asset type as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. We have elected the fair value option for all of our RMBS interest-only securities, our MBS purchased on or after September 1, 2016 and our GSE CRTs purchased on or after August 24, 2015. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, approximately 94% and 80%, respectively, of our MBS and GSE CRTs are accounted for under the fair value option. Our percentage of MBS and GSE CRTs accounted for under the fair value option increased as of September 30, 2020 due to a change in portfolio composition. During the first half of 2020, we sold MBS and GSE CRTs previously accounted for as available-for-sale securities to generate liquidity and reduce leverage given unprecedented market conditions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. We resumed investing in Agency RMBS in July 2020 and elected the fair value option for these securities. September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 $ in thousands Available-for-sale Securities Securities under Fair Value Option Total Available-for-sale Securities Securities under Fair Value Option Total Agency RMBS: 15 year fixed-rate — — — 98,666 193,748 292,414 30 year fixed-rate — 5,536,103 5,536,103 754,590 9,769,630 10,524,220 Hybrid ARM — — — 31,522 25,371 56,893 Total RMBS Agency pass-through — 5,536,103 5,536,103 884,778 9,988,749 10,873,527 Agency-CMO — — — 146,733 280,779 427,512 Agency CMBS — — — — 4,767,930 4,767,930 Non-Agency CMBS 344,911 82,458 427,369 2,150,991 1,672,483 3,823,474 Non-Agency RMBS 7,573 5,495 13,068 715,479 240,192 955,671 GSE CRT — 4,917 4,917 507,445 416,227 923,672 Total 352,484 5,628,973 5,981,457 4,405,426 17,366,360 21,771,786 The components of the carrying value of our MBS and GSE CRT portfolio at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are presented below. September 30, 2020 $ in thousands MBS and GSE CRT Securities Interest-Only Securities Total Principal/notional balance 5,730,464 966,463 6,696,927 Unamortized premium 278,546 — 278,546 Unamortized discount (32,415) (953,458) (985,873) Gross unrealized gains (1) 22,298 190 22,488 Gross unrealized losses (1) (23,503) (7,128) (30,631) Fair value 5,975,390 6,067 5,981,457 December 31, 2019 $ in thousands MBS and GSE CRT Securities Interest-Only Securities Total Principal/notional balance 20,957,410 2,396,665 23,354,075 Unamortized premium 440,503 — 440,503 Unamortized discount (419,983) (2,342,319) (2,762,302) Gross unrealized gains (1) 807,324 4,782 812,106 Gross unrealized losses (1) (66,064) (6,532) (72,596) Fair value 21,719,190 52,596 21,771,786 (1) Gross unrealized gains and losses includes gains (losses) recognized in net income for securities accounted for as derivatives or under the fair value option as well as gains (losses) for available-for-sale securities which are recognized as adjustments to other comprehensive income. Realization occurs upon sale or settlement of such securities. Further detail on the components of our total gains (losses) on investments, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is provided below within this Note 4. The following table summarizes our MBS and GSE CRT portfolio according to estimated weighted average life classifications as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 . $ in thousands September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 Less than one year 112,486 268,536 Greater than one year and less than five years 1,299,035 7,836,620 Greater than or equal to five years 4,569,936 13,666,630 Total 5,981,457 21,771,786 The following tables present the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of our MBS and GSE CRTs by length of time that such securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. September 30, 2020 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total $ in thousands Fair Unrealized Number Fair Unrealized Number Fair Unrealized Number Agency RMBS: 30 year fixed-rate 2,721,331 (11,360) 37 — — — 2,721,331 (11,360) 37 Total Agency RMBS pass-through 2,721,331 (11,360) 37 — — — 2,721,331 (11,360) 37 Non-Agency CMBS 82,458 (11,728) 12 — — — 82,458 (11,728) 12 GSE CRT 4,917 (415) 1 — — — 4,917 (415) 1 Non-Agency RMBS 5,299 (7,072) 10 66 (56) 4 5,365 (7,128) 14 Total (1) 2,814,005 (30,575) 60 66 (56) 4 2,814,071 (30,631) 64 (1) Fair value option has been elected for all securities in an unrealized loss position. December 31, 2019 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total $ in thousands Fair Unrealized Number Fair Unrealized Number Fair Unrealized Number Agency RMBS: 15 year fixed-rate 957 (1) 2 362 (3) 4 1,319 (4) 6 30 year fixed-rate 255,649 (207) 3 34,009 (256) 5 289,658 (463) 8 Hybrid ARM 434 (2) 1 1,524 (46) 3 1,958 (48) 4 Total Agency RMBS pass-through (1) 257,040 (210) 6 35,895 (305) 12 292,935 (515) 18 Agency-CMO (2) 67,875 (1,194) 15 6,155 (1,513) 13 74,030 (2,707) 28 Agency CMBS (3) 1,743,800 (50,521) 58 — — — 1,743,800 (50,521) 58 Non-Agency CMBS (4) 203,129 (2,783) 19 101,021 (11,425) 7 304,150 (14,208) 26 Non-Agency RMBS (5) 26,283 (3,935) 14 12,199 (636) 2 38,482 (4,571) 16 GSE CRT (6) 77,044 (74) 4 — — — 77,044 (74) 4 Total 2,375,171 (58,717) 116 155,270 (13,879) 34 2,530,441 (72,596) 150 (1) Includes Agency RMBS with a fair value of $271.3 million for which the fair value option has been elected. These securities have unrealized losses of $268,000. (2) Includes Agency IO with fair value of $11.1 million for which the fair value option has been elected. These Agency IO have unrealized losses of $2.3 million. (3) Fair value option has been elected for all Agency CMBS that are in an unrealized loss position. (4) Includes non-Agency CMBS with a fair value of $181.5 million for which the fair value option has been elected. These securities have unrealized losses of $2.8 million. (5) Includes non-Agency RMBS and non-Agency IO with a fair value of $17.6 million and $8.5 million, respectively, for which the fair value option has been elected. These securities have unrealized losses of $261,000 and $3.7 million, respectively. (6) Fair value option has been elected for all GSE CRT that are in an unrealized loss position. On January 1, 2020, we adopted accounting guidance that requires us to estimate an allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale securities in unrealized loss positions. As of September 30, 2020, we have not recorded an allowance for credit losses on any of our securities. We did not record any provisions for credit losses on our condensed consolidated statement of operations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. We recorded impairments of $9.0 million and $94.1 million on our condensed consolidated statement of operations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, because we intended to sell or more likely than not would be required to sell the securities before recovery of amortized cost basis. Prior to January 1, 2020, we assessed our investment securities for other-than-temporary impairment (" OTTI") on a quarterly basis. When the fair value of an investment was less than its amortized cost at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which impairment was assessed, the impairment was designated as either "temporary" or "other-than-temporary." This analysis included a determination of estimated future cash flows through an evaluation of the characteristics of the underlying loans and the structural features of the investment. Underlying loan characteristics reviewed included, but were not limited to, delinquency status, loan-to-value ratios, borrower credit scores, occupancy status and geographic concentration. The following table summarizes OTTI included in earnings during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, $ in thousands 2019 2019 RMBS interest-only securities 1,826 3,778 Non-Agency RMBS (1) — 1,024 Total 1,826 4,802 (1) Amounts disclosed relate to credit losses on debt securities for which a portion of an other-than-temporary impairment was recognized in other comprehensive income. OTTI on RMBS interest-only securities was recorded as a reclassification from an unrealized to realized loss within gain (loss) on investments, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations because we account for these securities under the fair value option. The following table summarizes the components of our total gain (loss) on investments, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, $ in thousands 2020 2019 2020 2019 Gross realized gains on sale of investments 68,994 4,022 650,859 9,181 Gross realized losses on sale of investments (18,884) (1,485) (1,009,773) (15,730) Impairment of investments the Company intends to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell before recovery of amortized cost basis (8,983) — (94,104) — Other-than-temporary impairment losses — (1,826) — (4,802) Net unrealized gains and losses on MBS and GSE CRT accounted for under the fair value option 23,994 201,702 (537,433) 784,328 Net unrealized gains and losses on commercial loan and loan participation interest (15) — (2,484) — Realized loss on loan participation interest — — (3,808) — Total gain (loss) on investments, net 65,106 202,413 (996,743) 772,977 The following tables present components of interest income recognized on our MBS and GSE CRT portfolio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. GSE CRT interest income excludes coupon interest associated with embedded derivatives of $478,000 and $6.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 (2019: $5.2 million and $15.8 million), respectively, that is recorded as realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net. For the three months ended September 30, 2020 $ in thousands Coupon Net (Premium Interest Agency RMBS 16,098 (2,520) 13,578 Non-Agency CMBS 10,259 3,109 13,368 Non-Agency RMBS 879 (874) 5 GSE CRT 223 (274) (51) Other 7 — 7 Total 27,466 (559) 26,907 For the three months ended September 30, 2019 $ in thousands Coupon Net (Premium Interest Agency RMBS 122,725 (21,526) 101,199 Agency CMBS 25,434 (1,395) 24,039 Non-Agency CMBS 41,972 3,957 45,929 Non-Agency RMBS 12,746 2,725 15,471 GSE CRT 9,913 (2,369) 7,544 Other 756 — 756 Total 213,546 (18,608) 194,938 For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 $ in thousands Coupon Net (Premium Interest Agency RMBS 123,537 (24,327) 99,210 Agency CMBS 35,822 (1,744) 34,078 Non-Agency CMBS 72,921 12,640 85,561 Non-Agency RMBS 13,163 1,646 14,809 GSE CRT 10,230 (2,560) 7,670 Other 743 — 743 Total 256,416 (14,345) 242,071 For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 $ in thousands Coupon Net (Premium Interest Agency RMBS 374,208 (50,873) 323,335 Agency CMBS 53,767 (2,835) 50,932 Non-Agency CMBS 121,417 10,338 131,755 Non-Agency RMBS 40,890 9,447 50,337 GSE CRT 27,935 (5,399) 22,536 Other 2,272 — 2,272 Total 620,489 (39,322) 581,167 |