Mortgage-Backed and Credit Risk Transfer Securities | Mortgage-Backed and Credit Risk Transfer Securities The following tables summarize our mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") and GSE CRT portfolio by asset type as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 . September 30, 2018 $ in thousands Principal/ Notional Balance Unamortized Premium (Discount) Amortized Cost Unrealized Gain/ (Loss), net Fair Value Period- end Weighted Average Yield (1) Agency RMBS: 15 year fixed-rate 594,301 11,144 605,445 (3,286 ) 602,159 3.08 % 30 year fixed-rate 10,444,475 339,322 10,783,797 (284,747 ) 10,499,050 3.46 % ARM * 146,287 467 146,754 (1,676 ) 145,078 2.69 % Hybrid ARM* 1,011,695 19,333 1,031,028 (21,005 ) 1,010,023 2.68 % Total Agency RMBS pass-through 12,196,758 370,266 12,567,024 (310,714 ) 12,256,310 3.37 % Agency-CMO (2) 922,228 (684,283 ) 237,945 (13,795 ) 224,150 3.25 % Agency CMBS 578,952 11,995 590,947 (6,259 ) 584,688 3.39 % Non-Agency CMBS (3) 3,995,236 (715,867 ) 3,279,369 (8,601 ) 3,270,768 5.05 % Non-Agency RMBS (4)(5)(6) 2,832,999 (1,796,118 ) 1,036,881 121,831 1,158,712 7.26 % GSE CRT (7) 737,487 22,182 759,669 82,528 842,197 2.91 % Total 21,263,660 (2,791,825 ) 18,471,835 (135,010 ) 18,336,825 3.76 % * Adjustable-rate mortgage ("ARM") (1) Period-end weighted average yield is based on amortized cost as of September 30, 2018 and incorporates future prepayment and loss assumptions. (2) Agency collateralized mortgage obligation ("Agency-CMO") includes interest-only securities ("Agency IO"), which represent 78.7% of principal/notional balance, 16.6% of amortized cost and 15.5% of fair value. (3) Non-Agency CMBS includes interest-only securities which represent 15.2% of principal/notional balance, 0.4% of amortized cost and 0.5% of fair value. (4) Non-Agency RMBS held by us is 46.6% variable rate, 47.1% fixed rate and 6.3% floating rate based on fair value. (5) Of the total discount in non-Agency RMBS, $198.5 million is non-accretable calculated using the principal/notional balance and based on estimated future cash flows of the securities. (6) Non-Agency RMBS includes interest-only securities ("non-Agency IO") which represent 56.2% of principal/notional balance, 2.5% of amortized cost and 2.5% of fair value. (7) GSE CRT weighted average yield excludes coupon interest associated with embedded derivatives not accounted for under the fair value option that is recorded as realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net. December 31, 2017 $ in thousands Principal/Notional Balance Unamortized Premium (Discount) Amortized Cost Unrealized Gain/ (Loss), net Fair Value Period- end Weighted Average Yield (1) Agency RMBS: 15 year fixed-rate 2,917,307 119,120 3,036,427 (61,645 ) 2,974,782 2.17 % 30 year fixed-rate 7,354,211 295,977 7,650,188 (9,648 ) 7,640,540 3.09 % ARM 238,486 1,609 240,095 1,105 241,200 2.60 % Hybrid ARM 1,696,148 26,066 1,722,214 (2,829 ) 1,719,385 2.54 % Total Agency RMBS pass-through 12,206,152 442,772 12,648,924 (73,017 ) 12,575,907 2.79 % Agency-CMO (2) 1,226,539 (942,290 ) 284,249 (10,306 ) 273,943 2.91 % Non-Agency CMBS (3) 3,879,775 (704,097 ) 3,175,678 40,739 3,216,417 4.92 % Non-Agency RMBS (4)(5)(6) 2,785,704 (1,661,683 ) 1,124,021 133,587 1,257,608 7.19 % GSE CRT (7) 757,183 24,306 781,489 85,390 866,879 2.45 % Total 20,855,353 (2,840,992 ) 18,014,361 176,393 18,190,754 3.42 % (1) Period-end weighted average yield is based on amortized cost as of December 31, 2017 and incorporates future prepayment and loss assumptions. (2) Agency collateralized mortgage obligation ("Agency-CMO") includes interest-only securities ("Agency IO"), which represent 81.8% o f principal (notional) balance, 20.9% of amortized cost and 18.7% of fair value. (3) Non-Agency CMBS includes interest-only securities which represent 15.8% of principal/notional balance, 0.5% of amortized cost and 0.6% of fair value. (4) Non-Agency RMBS held by us is 52.2% variable rate, 37.8% fixed rate, and 10.0% floating rate based on fair value. (5) Of the total discount in non-Agency RMBS, $195.3 million is non-accretable calculated using the principal/notional balance and based on estimated future cash flows of the securities. (6) Non-Agency RMBS includes interest-only securities, which represent 51.5% of principal/notional balance, 2.0% of amortized cost and 1.8% of fair value. (7) GSE CRT weighted average yield excludes coupon interest associated with embedded derivatives not accounted for under the fair value option that is recorded as realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net. The following table presents the fair value of our available-for-sale securities and securities accounted for under the fair value option by asset type as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 . We have elected the fair value option for all of our RMBS IOs, our MBS purchased on or after September 1, 2016 and our GSE CRTs purchased on or after August 24, 2015. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, approximately 61% and 36% , respectively, of our MBS and GSE CRTs are accounted for under the fair value option. September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 $ in thousands Available-for-sale Securities Securities under Fair Value Option Total Fair Value Available-for-sale Securities Securities under Fair Value Option Total Agency RMBS: 15 year fixed-rate 369,459 232,700 602,159 2,842,440 132,342 2,974,782 30 year fixed-rate 1,569,998 8,929,052 10,499,050 2,467,871 5,172,669 7,640,540 ARM 145,078 — 145,078 241,200 — 241,200 Hybrid ARM 979,057 30,966 1,010,023 1,719,385 — 1,719,385 Total RMBS Agency pass-through 3,063,592 9,192,718 12,256,310 7,270,896 5,305,011 12,575,907 Agency-CMO 171,954 52,196 224,150 203,351 70,592 273,943 Agency CMBS — 584,688 584,688 — — — Non-Agency CMBS 2,241,109 1,029,659 3,270,768 2,376,413 840,004 3,216,417 Non-Agency RMBS 1,015,963 142,749 1,158,712 1,236,178 21,430 1,257,608 GSE CRT 611,163 231,034 842,197 635,537 231,342 866,879 Total 7,103,781 11,233,044 18,336,825 11,722,375 6,468,379 18,190,754 The components of the carrying value of our MBS and GSE CRT portfolio at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are presented below. September 30, 2018 $ in thousands MBS and GSE CRT Securities Interest-Only Securities Total Principal/ notional balance 18,495,706 2,767,954 21,263,660 Unamortized premium 449,797 — 449,797 Unamortized discount (551,097 ) (2,690,525 ) (3,241,622 ) Gross unrealized gains (1) 243,555 7,682 251,237 Gross unrealized losses (1) (379,122 ) (7,125 ) (386,247 ) Fair value 18,258,839 77,986 18,336,825 December 31, 2017 $ in thousands MBS and GSE CRT Securities Interest-Only Securities Total Principal/ notional balance 17,974,390 2,880,963 20,855,353 Unamortized premium 521,626 — 521,626 Unamortized discount (577,344 ) (2,785,274 ) (3,362,618 ) Gross unrealized gains (1) 336,543 5,113 341,656 Gross unrealized losses (1) (155,146 ) (10,117 ) (165,263 ) Fair value 18,100,069 90,685 18,190,754 (1) Gross unrealized gains and losses includes gains (losses) recognized in net income for securities accounted for as derivatives or under the fair value option as well as gains (losses) for available-for-sale securities which are recognized as adjustments to other comprehensive income. Realization occurs upon sale or settlement of such securities. Further detail on the components of our total gains (losses) on investments, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 is provided below within this Note 4. The following table summarizes our MBS and GSE CRT portfolio according to estimated weighted average life classifications as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 . $ in thousands September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Less than one year 135,685 135,559 Greater than one year and less than five years 4,097,807 7,934,836 Greater than or equal to five years 14,103,333 10,120,359 Total 18,336,825 18,190,754 The following tables present the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of our MBS and GSE CRTs by length of time that such securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 . September 30, 2018 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total $ in thousands Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Agency RMBS: 15 year fixed-rate 442,294 (4,202 ) 75 13,153 (311 ) 23 455,447 (4,513 ) 98 30 year fixed-rate 7,109,826 (156,950 ) 248 2,538,629 (134,979 ) 84 9,648,455 (291,929 ) 332 ARM 76,597 (688 ) 6 45,981 (1,197 ) 9 122,578 (1,885 ) 15 Hybrid ARM 491,065 (8,070 ) 52 459,728 (13,770 ) 66 950,793 (21,840 ) 118 Total Agency RMBS pass-through (1) 8,119,782 (169,910 ) 381 3,057,491 (150,257 ) 182 11,177,273 (320,167 ) 563 Agency-CMO (2) 116,495 (7,696 ) 31 93,933 (8,179 ) 20 210,428 (15,875 ) 51 Agency CMBS (3) 584,688 (6,259 ) 12 — — — 584,688 (6,259 ) 12 Non-Agency CMBS (4) 1,569,147 (21,167 ) 108 513,211 (19,198 ) 39 2,082,358 (40,365 ) 147 Non-Agency RMBS (5) 247,068 (2,981 ) 26 57,666 (600 ) 11 304,734 (3,581 ) 37 Total 10,637,180 (208,013 ) 558 3,722,301 (178,234 ) 252 14,359,481 (386,247 ) 810 (1) Amounts disclosed includes Agency RMBS with a fair value of $ 8.7 billion for which the fair value option has been elected. Such securities have unrealized losses of $ 250.2 million . (2) Amounts disclosed includes Agency IO and Agency-CMO with fair value of $22.6 million and $17.4 million , respectively, for which the fair value option has been elected. These Agency IO and Agency-CMO securities have unrealized losses of $6.8 million and $1.2 million , respectively. (3) Fair value option has been elected for all Agency CMBS. (4) Amounts disclosed includes non-Agency CMBS with a fair value of $652.5 million for which the fair value option has been elected. Such securities have unrealized losses of $13.8 million . (5) Amounts disclosed includes non-Agency RMBS and non-Agency IO with a fair value of $115.1 million and $8.4 million , respectively for which the fair value option has been elected. Such securities have unrealized losses of $1.1 million and $368,000 , respectively. December 31, 2017 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total $ in thousands Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Agency RMBS: 15 year fixed-rate 111,020 (321 ) 26 2,406,021 (67,285 ) 133 2,517,041 (67,606 ) 159 30 year fixed-rate 3,677,576 (20,730 ) 107 963,547 (27,158 ) 56 4,641,123 (47,888 ) 163 ARM 101,173 (902 ) 12 — — — 101,173 (902 ) 12 Hybrid ARM 614,321 (4,189 ) 73 517,642 (8,091 ) 47 1,131,963 (12,280 ) 120 Total Agency RMBS pass-through (1) 4,504,090 (26,142 ) 218 3,887,210 (102,534 ) 236 8,391,300 (128,676 ) 454 Agency-CMO (2) 75,299 (10,433 ) 44 81,988 (2,309 ) 5 157,287 (12,742 ) 49 Non-Agency CMBS (3) 892,553 (17,612 ) 81 135,139 (3,792 ) 12 1,027,692 (21,404 ) 93 Non-Agency RMBS (4) 84,439 (709 ) 15 96,263 (1,732 ) 11 180,702 (2,441 ) 26 Total 5,556,381 (54,896 ) 358 4,200,600 (110,367 ) 264 9,756,981 (165,263 ) 622 (1) Amounts disclosed includes Agency RMBS with a fair value of $3.4 billion for which the fair value option has been elected. Such securities have unrealized losses of $ 22.8 million . (2) Amounts disclosed includes Agency IO and Agency-CMO with fair value of $36.5 million and $9.5 million , respectively, for which the fair value option has been elected. These Agency IO and Agency-CMO securities have unrealized losses of $10.1 million and $88,000 , respectively. (3) Amounts disclosed includes non-Agency CMBS with a fair value of $596.0 million for which the fair value option has been elected. Such securities have unrealized losses of $8.9 million . (4) Amounts disclosed includes non-Agency IO with a fair value of $530,000 for which the fair value option has been elected. Such securities have unrealized losses of $39,000 . Gross unrealized losses on our Agency RMBS, Agency CMBS and CMO were $335.5 million at September 30, 2018 ( December 31, 2017 : $131.3 million ). Due to the inherent credit quality of Agency RMBS, Agency CMBS and Agency-CMO, we determined that at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , any unrealized losses on these securities are not other than temporary. Gross unrealized losses on our Agency IO, non-Agency RMBS and non-Agency CMBS were $50.7 million at September 30, 2018 ( December 31, 2017 : $33.9 million ). We did not consider these unrealized losses to be credit related, but rather due to non-credit related factors such as interest rates, prepayment speeds, and market fluctuations. These investment securities are included in our assessment for other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI") on a quarterly basis. We assess our investment securities for OTTI on a quarterly basis. When the fair value of an investment is less than its amortized cost at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which impairment is assessed, the impairment is designated as either "temporary" or "other-than-temporary." This analysis includes a determination of estimated future cash flows through an evaluation of the characteristics of the underlying loans and the structural features of the investment. Underlying loan characteristics reviewed include, but are not limited to, delinquency status, loan-to-value ratios, borrower credit scores, occupancy status and geographic concentration. The following table summarizes OTTI included in earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 : Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, $ in thousands 2018 2017 2018 2017 RMBS interest-only securities 702 4,959 7,100 8,835 Non-Agency RMBS (1) 35 — 85 754 Total 737 4,959 7,185 9,589 (1) Amounts disclosed relate to credit losses on debt securities for which a portion of an other-than-temporary impairment was recognized in other comprehensive income. OTTI on RMBS interest-only securities was recorded as a reclassification from an unrealized to realized loss within gain (loss) on investments, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations because we account for these securities under the fair value option. As of September 30, 2018 , we did not intend to sell the securities and determined that it was not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the securities. The following table summarizes the components of our total gain (loss) on investments, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 . Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, $ in thousands 2018 2017 2018 2017 Gross realized gains on sale of investments 739 — 774 2,208 Gross realized losses on sale of investments (141,454 ) (7 ) (162,251 ) (3,873 ) Other-than-temporary impairment losses (737 ) (4,959 ) (7,185 ) (9,589 ) Net unrealized gains and losses on MBS accounted for under the fair value option (66,831 ) (5,301 ) (236,967 ) (1,188 ) Net unrealized gains and losses on GSE CRT accounted for under the fair value option 377 (1,608 ) 993 9,866 Net unrealized gains and losses on trading securities (4 ) 2 (21 ) 25 Total gain (loss) on investments, net (207,910 ) (11,873 ) (404,657 ) (2,551 ) The following tables present components of interest income recognized on our MBS and GSE CRT portfolio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 . GSE CRT interest income excludes coupon interest associated with embedded derivatives not accounted for under the fair value option that is recorded as realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net. For the three months ended September 30, 2018 $ in thousands Coupon Interest Net (Premium Amortization)/Discount Accretion Interest Income Agency RMBS and CMBS 115,829 (20,850 ) 94,979 Non-Agency CMBS 37,938 1,470 39,408 Non-Agency RMBS 14,106 4,831 18,937 GSE CRT 7,513 (731 ) 6,782 Other 310 — 310 Total 175,696 (15,280 ) 160,416 For the three months ended September 30, 2017 $ in thousands Coupon Interest Net (Premium Amortization)/Discount Accretion Interest Income Agency RMBS and CMBS 99,748 (26,155 ) 73,593 Non-Agency CMBS 33,613 (591 ) 33,022 Non-Agency RMBS 17,109 4,846 21,955 GSE CRT 6,021 (597 ) 5,424 Other 144 — 144 Total 156,635 (22,497 ) 134,138 For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 $ in thousands Coupon Interest Net (Premium Amortization)/Discount Accretion Interest Income Agency RMBS and CMBS 329,576 (66,347 ) 263,229 Non-Agency CMBS 113,332 4,091 117,423 Non-Agency RMBS 41,313 15,167 56,480 GSE CRT 21,218 (2,124 ) 19,094 Other 741 — 741 Total 506,180 (49,213 ) 456,967 For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 $ in thousands Coupon Interest Net (Premium Amortization)/Discount Accretion Interest Income Agency RMBS and CMBS 282,958 (82,508 ) 200,450 Non-Agency CMBS 94,795 (5,077 ) 89,718 Non-Agency RMBS 55,854 12,967 68,821 GSE CRT 16,064 (1,315 ) 14,749 Other 300 — 300 Total 449,971 (75,933 ) 374,038 |