Mortgage-Backed and Credit Risk Transfer Securities | Mortgage-Backed and Credit Risk Transfer Securities The following tables summarize our mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") and GSE CRT portfolio by asset type as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . March 31, 2019 $ in thousands Principal/ Notional Balance Unamortized Premium (Discount) Amortized Cost Unrealized Gain/ (Loss), net Fair Value Period- end Weighted Average Yield (1) Agency RMBS: 15 year fixed-rate 343,116 2,595 345,711 6,391 352,102 3.34 % 30 year fixed-rate 12,264,517 386,145 12,650,662 65,974 12,716,636 3.66 % ARM * 6,215 184 6,399 5 6,404 3.64 % Hybrid ARM* 170,397 3,602 173,999 (478 ) 173,521 3.11 % Total Agency RMBS pass-through 12,784,245 392,526 13,176,771 71,892 13,248,663 3.64 % Agency-CMO (2) 913,574 (585,878 ) 327,696 (545 ) 327,151 3.65 % Agency CMBS 1,898,205 35,961 1,934,166 67,387 2,001,553 3.48 % Non-Agency CMBS (3) 4,127,880 (737,241 ) 3,390,639 65,167 3,455,806 5.08 % Non-Agency RMBS (4)(5)(6) 2,774,428 (1,700,612 ) 1,073,816 113,080 1,186,896 6.89 % GSE CRT (7) 823,578 19,823 843,401 64,128 907,529 3.16 % Total 23,321,910 (2,575,421 ) 20,746,489 381,109 21,127,598 4.01 % * Adjustable-rate mortgage ("ARM") (1) Period-end weighted average yield is based on amortized cost as of March 31, 2019 and incorporates future prepayment and loss assumptions. (2) Agency collateralized mortgage obligation ("Agency-CMO") includes interest-only securities ("Agency IO"), which represent 67.8% of principal/notional balance, 10.3% of amortized cost and 9.7% of fair value. (3) Non-Agency CMBS includes interest-only securities which represent 14.6% of principal/notional balance, 0.4% of amortized cost and 0.4% of fair value. (4) Non-Agency RMBS is 54.9% fixed rate, 39.7% variable rate, and 5.4% floating rate based on fair value. Coupon payments on variable rate investments are based upon changes in the underlying ARM and Hybrid ARM loan coupons, while coupon payments on floating rate investments are based upon a spread to a reference index. (5) Of the total discount in non-Agency RMBS, $140.8 million is non-accretable calculated using the principal/notional balance and based on estimated future cash flows of the securities. (6) Non-Agency RMBS includes interest-only securities ("non-Agency IO") which represent 54.6% of principal/notional balance, 2.2% of amortized cost and 2.1% of fair value. (7) GSE CRT weighted average yield excludes coupon interest associated with embedded derivatives not accounted for under the fair value option that is recorded as realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net. December 31, 2018 $ in thousands Principal/Notional Balance Unamortized Premium (Discount) Amortized Cost Unrealized Gain/ (Loss), net Fair Value Period- end Weighted Average Yield (1) Agency RMBS: 15 year fixed-rate 417,233 5,077 422,310 1,944 424,254 3.27 % 30 year fixed-rate 9,599,301 298,693 9,897,994 (125,225 ) 9,772,769 3.55 % ARM 105,453 350 105,803 (56 ) 105,747 2.74 % Hybrid ARM 548,133 13,425 561,558 (7,357 ) 554,201 2.80 % Total Agency RMBS pass-through 10,670,120 317,545 10,987,665 (130,694 ) 10,856,971 3.49 % Agency-CMO (2) 907,862 (631,180 ) 276,682 (8,991 ) 267,691 3.61 % Agency CMBS 973,122 15,058 988,180 14,330 1,002,510 3.54 % Non-Agency CMBS (3) 4,024,715 (727,307 ) 3,297,408 (10,949 ) 3,286,459 5.05 % Non-Agency RMBS (4)(5)(6) 2,800,335 (1,748,223 ) 1,052,112 111,570 1,163,682 7.24 % GSE CRT (7) 738,529 21,259 759,788 59,541 819,329 3.10 % Total 20,114,683 (2,752,848 ) 17,361,835 34,807 17,396,642 4.00 % (1) Period-end weighted average yield is based on amortized cost as of December 31, 2018 and incorporates future prepayment and loss assumptions. (2) Agency collateralized mortgage obligation ("Agency-CMO") includes interest-only securities ("Agency IO"), which represent 73.6% o f principal (notional) balance, 13.5% of amortized cost and 12.4% of fair value. (3) Non-Agency CMBS includes interest-only securities which represent 15.0% of principal/notional balance, 0.4% of amortized cost and 0.5% of fair value. (4) Non-Agency RMBS is 43.5% variable rate, 50.7% fixed rate, and 5.8% floating rate based on fair value. Coupon payments on variable rate investments are based upon changes in the underlying ARM and Hybrid ARM loan coupons, while coupon payments on floating rate investments are based upon a spread to a reference index. (5) Of the total discount in non-Agency RMBS, $145.6 million is non-accretable calculated using the principal/notional balance and based on estimated future cash flows of the securities. (6) Non-Agency RMBS includes interest-only securities, which represent 55.4% of principal/notional balance, 2.3% of amortized cost and 2.4% of fair value. (7) GSE CRT weighted average yield excludes coupon interest associated with embedded derivatives not accounted for under the fair value option that is recorded as realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net. The following table presents the fair value of our available-for-sale securities and securities accounted for under the fair value option by asset type as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . We have elected the fair value option for all of our RMBS IOs, our MBS purchased on or after September 1, 2016 and our GSE CRTs purchased on or after August 24, 2015. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , approximately 76% and 67% , respectively, of our MBS and GSE CRTs are accounted for under the fair value option. March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 $ in thousands Available-for-sale Securities Securities under Fair Value Option Total Fair Value Available-for-sale Securities Securities under Fair Value Option Total Agency RMBS: 15 year fixed-rate 135,169 216,933 352,102 204,347 219,907 424,254 30 year fixed-rate 918,778 11,797,858 12,716,636 1,093,070 8,679,699 9,772,769 ARM 6,404 — 6,404 105,747 — 105,747 Hybrid ARM 141,320 32,201 173,521 521,199 33,002 554,201 Total RMBS Agency pass-through 1,201,671 12,046,992 13,248,663 1,924,363 8,932,608 10,856,971 Agency-CMO 166,730 160,421 327,151 168,385 99,306 267,691 Agency CMBS — 2,001,553 2,001,553 — 1,002,510 1,002,510 Non-Agency CMBS 2,144,187 1,311,619 3,455,806 2,153,403 1,133,056 3,286,459 Non-Agency RMBS 916,158 270,738 1,186,896 961,445 202,237 1,163,682 GSE CRT 579,142 328,387 907,529 586,231 233,098 819,329 Total 5,007,888 16,119,710 21,127,598 5,793,827 11,602,815 17,396,642 The components of the carrying value of our MBS and GSE CRT portfolio at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are presented below. March 31, 2019 $ in thousands MBS and GSE CRT Securities Interest-Only Securities Total Principal/ notional balance 20,734,762 2,587,148 23,321,910 Unamortized premium 488,161 — 488,161 Unamortized discount (545,248 ) (2,518,334 ) (3,063,582 ) Gross unrealized gains (1) 447,903 5,613 453,516 Gross unrealized losses (1) (67,022 ) (5,385 ) (72,407 ) Fair value 21,058,556 69,042 21,127,598 December 31, 2018 $ in thousands MBS and GSE CRT Securities Interest-Only Securities Total Principal/ notional balance 17,442,367 2,672,316 20,114,683 Unamortized premium 395,907 — 395,907 Unamortized discount (549,988 ) (2,598,767 ) (3,148,755 ) Gross unrealized gains (1) 238,579 7,448 246,027 Gross unrealized losses (1) (204,664 ) (6,556 ) (211,220 ) Fair value 17,322,201 74,441 17,396,642 (1) Gross unrealized gains and losses includes gains (losses) recognized in net income for securities accounted for as derivatives or under the fair value option as well as gains (losses) for available-for-sale securities which are recognized as adjustments to other comprehensive income. Realization occurs upon sale or settlement of such securities. Further detail on the components of our total gains (losses) on investments, net for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 is provided below within this Note 4. The following table summarizes our MBS and GSE CRT portfolio according to estimated weighted average life classifications as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . $ in thousands March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Less than one year 49,768 110,020 Greater than one year and less than five years 5,188,229 3,508,100 Greater than or equal to five years 15,889,601 13,778,522 Total 21,127,598 17,396,642 The following tables present the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of our MBS and GSE CRTs by length of time that such securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . March 31, 2019 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total $ in thousands Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Agency RMBS: 15 year fixed-rate 8,398 (28 ) 21 35,070 (165 ) 25 43,468 (193 ) 46 30 year fixed-rate 1,286 (11 ) 4 4,448,849 (50,925 ) 146 4,450,135 (50,936 ) 150 ARM — — — 2,760 (60 ) 2 2,760 (60 ) 2 Hybrid ARM 3,059 (6 ) 1 101,210 (1,595 ) 24 104,269 (1,601 ) 25 Total Agency RMBS pass-through (1) 12,743 (45 ) 26 4,587,889 (52,745 ) 197 4,600,632 (52,790 ) 223 Agency-CMO (2) 9,749 (3,276 ) 16 109,177 (3,380 ) 20 118,926 (6,656 ) 36 Non-Agency CMBS (3) 94,622 (538 ) 9 478,174 (10,226 ) 41 572,796 (10,764 ) 50 GSE CRT (4) 62,965 (381 ) 4 — — — 62,965 (381 ) 4 Non-Agency RMBS (5) 63,102 (1,225 ) 13 93,291 (591 ) 15 156,393 (1,816 ) 28 Total 243,181 (5,465 ) 68 5,268,531 (66,942 ) 273 5,511,712 (72,407 ) 341 (1) Includes Agency RMBS with a fair value of $ 4.2 billion for which the fair value option has been elected. Such securities have unrealized losses of $ 47.0 million . (2) Includes Agency IO and Agency-CMO with fair value of $13.9 million and $17.9 million , respectively, for which the fair value option has been elected. These Agency IO and Agency-CMO securities have unrealized losses of $4.6 million and $64,000 , respectively. (3) Includes non-Agency CMBS with a fair value of $323.9 million for which the fair value option has been elected. Such securities have unrealized losses of $3.1 million . (4) Fair value option has been elected for all GSE CRT that are in an unrealized loss position. (5) Includes non-Agency RMBS and non-Agency IO with a fair value of $6.1 million and $4.9 million , respectively for which the fair value option has been elected. Such securities have unrealized losses of $223,000 and $821,000 , respectively. December 31, 2018 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total $ in thousands Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Agency RMBS: 15 year fixed-rate 86,241 (814 ) 50 16,660 (189 ) 22 102,901 (1,003 ) 72 30 year fixed-rate 3,966,347 (49,182 ) 158 2,846,090 (94,716 ) 95 6,812,437 (143,898 ) 253 ARM 2,632 (28 ) 1 49,954 (785 ) 10 52,586 (813 ) 11 Hybrid ARM 6,758 (59 ) 2 453,463 (8,390 ) 71 460,221 (8,449 ) 73 Total Agency RMBS pass-through (1) 4,061,978 (50,083 ) 211 3,366,167 (104,080 ) 198 7,428,145 (154,163 ) 409 Agency-CMO (2) 152,962 (6,315 ) 34 101,705 (5,100 ) 19 254,667 (11,415 ) 53 Non-Agency CMBS (3) 1,214,691 (17,778 ) 94 659,298 (25,381 ) 52 1,873,989 (43,159 ) 146 Non-Agency RMBS (4) 87,850 (1,152 ) 19 89,265 (1,138 ) 16 177,115 (2,290 ) 35 GSE CRT (5) 9,639 (193 ) 1 — — — 9,639 (193 ) 1 Total 5,527,120 (75,521 ) 359 4,216,435 (135,699 ) 285 9,743,555 (211,220 ) 644 (1) Includes Agency RMBS with a fair value of $6.1 billion for which the fair value option has been elected. Such securities have unrealized losses of $ 130.2 million . (2) Includes Agency IO and Agency-CMO with fair value of $21.8 million and $66.0 million , respectively, for which the fair value option has been elected. These Agency IO and Agency-CMO securities have unrealized losses of $6.3 million and $845,000 , respectively. (3) Includes non-Agency CMBS with a fair value of $831.3 million for which the fair value option has been elected. Such securities have unrealized losses of $26.3 million . (4) Includes non-Agency RMBS and non-Agency IO with a fair value of $6.2 million and $3.7 million for which the fair value option has been elected. Such securities have unrealized losses of $79,000 and $269,000 , respectively. (5) Fair value option has been elected for all GSE CRT that are in an unrealized loss position. Gross unrealized losses on our Agency RMBS, Agency CMBS, GSE CRT and CMO were $55.3 million at March 31, 2019 ( December 31, 2018 : $159.3 million ). Due to the inherent credit quality of Agency RMBS, Agency CMBS and Agency-CMO, we determined that at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , any unrealized losses on these securities are not other than temporary. Gross unrealized losses on our Agency IO, non-Agency RMBS and non-Agency CMBS were $17.1 million at March 31, 2019 ( December 31, 2018 : $51.9 million ). We did not consider these unrealized losses to be credit related, but rather due to non-credit related factors such as interest rates, prepayment speeds, and market fluctuations. These investment securities are included in our assessment for other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI"). We assess our investment securities for OTTI on a quarterly basis. When the fair value of an investment is less than its amortized cost at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which impairment is assessed, the impairment is designated as either "temporary" or "other-than-temporary." This analysis includes a determination of estimated future cash flows through an evaluation of the characteristics of the underlying loans and the structural features of the investment. Underlying loan characteristics reviewed include, but are not limited to, delinquency status, loan-to-value ratios, borrower credit scores, occupancy status and geographic concentration. The following table summarizes OTTI included in earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 : Three Months Ended March 31, $ in thousands 2019 2018 RMBS interest-only securities 1,463 4,309 Non-Agency RMBS (1) 313 50 Total 1,776 4,359 (1) Amounts disclosed relate to credit losses on debt securities for which a portion of an other-than-temporary impairment was recognized in other comprehensive income. OTTI on RMBS interest-only securities was recorded as a reclassification from an unrealized to realized loss within gain (loss) on investments, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations because we account for these securities under the fair value option. As of March 31, 2019 , we did not intend to sell the securities and determined that it was not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the securities. The following table summarizes the components of our total gain (loss) on investments, net for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 . Three Months Ended March 31, $ in thousands 2019 2018 Gross realized gains on sale of investments 1,202 — Gross realized losses on sale of investments (12,317 ) (9,237 ) Other-than-temporary impairment losses (1,776 ) (4,359 ) Net unrealized gains and losses on MBS accounted for under the fair value option 280,039 (147,195 ) Net unrealized gains and losses on GSE CRT accounted for under the fair value option 1,234 434 Net unrealized gains and losses on trading securities — (13 ) Total gain (loss) on investments, net 268,382 (160,370 ) The following tables present components of interest income recognized on our MBS and GSE CRT portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 . GSE CRT interest income excludes coupon interest associated with embedded derivatives not accounted for under the fair value option that is recorded as realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 $ in thousands Coupon Interest Net (Premium Amortization)/Discount Accretion Interest Income Agency RMBS and Agency CMBS 130,197 (12,725 ) 117,472 Non-Agency CMBS 38,830 3,031 41,861 Non-Agency RMBS 14,267 3,922 18,189 GSE CRT 8,596 (1,178 ) 7,418 Other 552 — 552 Total 192,442 (6,950 ) 185,492 For the three months ended March 31, 2018 $ in thousands Coupon Interest Net (Premium Amortization)/Discount Accretion Interest Income Agency RMBS and Agency CMBS 108,317 (23,222 ) 85,095 Non-Agency CMBS 37,293 1,426 38,719 Non-Agency RMBS 14,012 5,177 19,189 GSE CRT 6,525 (697 ) 5,828 Other 172 — 172 Total 166,319 (17,316 ) 149,003 |