Stockholders' Equity | Stockholders’ Equity Preferred Stock Our board of directors has the authority to fix and determine and to amend the number of shares of any series of preferred stock that is wholly unissued or to be established and to fix and determine and to amend the designation, preferences, voting powers and limitations, and the relative, participating, optional or other rights, of any series of shares of preferred stock that is wholly unissued or to be established. There was no preferred stock issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2016 or December 31, 2015 . Common Stock In April 2015, we closed an underwritten public offering of 3,000,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $26.50 per share. In May 2015, we sold an additional 47,409 shares directly to our underwriters when they exercised a portion of their option to purchase additional shares at $26.50 per share. We received net proceeds of $75.4 million (inclusive of the exercise of a portion of the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares), after underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses totaling $5.4 million . We had 20,167,832 and 20,153,202 shares of common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively. Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance were as follows: June 30, December 31, (unaudited) Shares available for issuance under the employee stock purchase plan 507,498 316,322 Options granted and outstanding 3,493,863 2,832,467 Unvested restricted stock units 115,250 — Shares available for future stock option grants 828,229 804,553 Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance 4,944,840 3,953,342 Equity Incentive Plans On January 1, 2016, in accordance with provisions of our 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (2014 ESPP) the authorized shares available under the 2014 ESPP were increased by 200,000 shares. On January 1, 2016, in accordance with provisions of our 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan (2014 Plan), the authorized shares available under the 2014 Plan were increased by 806,128 shares. There were a total of 2,911,119 shares of common stock authorized under the 2014 Plan as of June 30, 2016 . Employee Stock Purchase Plan During the six months ended June 30, 2016 , 8,824 shares were issued under the 2014 ESPP at a purchase price of $6.94 . Restricted Stock Units In 2016, we began issuing restricted stock units (RSUs) to employees under the 2014 Plan. The fair value of the RSUs is determined on the date of grant based on the market price of our common stock. RSUs are recognized as expense ratably over the vesting period and our RSUs generally vest over four years with 25% of the total award vesting on each anniversary of the vesting commencement date. The activity for our RSUs is summarized as follow: Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Outstanding at December 31, 2015 — — Granted 118,000 $ 19.39 Vested — $ — Forfeited (2,750 ) $ 19.39 Outstanding at June 30, 2016 115,250 $ 19.39 Stock Option Activity Summary stock option information is as follows: OPTIONS OUTSTANDING WEIGHTED- AVERAGE EXERCISE PRICE WEIGHTED- AVERAGE REMAINING CONTRACT TERM (in years) AGGREGATE INTRINSIC VALUE (in thousands) Outstanding at December 31, 2015 2,832,467 $ 11.48 8.24 Granted (unaudited) 765,010 $ 17.94 Exercised (unaudited) (5,806 ) $ 6.70 Expired (unaudited) (93,746 ) $ 31.00 Forfeited (unaudited) (4,062 ) $ 20.02 Outstanding at June 30, 2016 (unaudited) 3,493,863 $ 12.65 8.05 $ 8,388 Vested and expected to vest after June 30, 2016 (unaudited) 3,317,424 $ 12.40 7.99 $ 8,311 Exercisable as of June 30, 2016 (unaudited) 1,442,564 $ 7.82 6.74 $ 6,654 As of June 30, 2016 , there was $20.5 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to nonvested stock options that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.7 years . The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 was $34,000 and $4.4 million , respectively. Stock-Based Compensation Expense Employee stock-based compensation expense recognized was calculated based on awards ultimately expected to vest and has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, as necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Total stock-based compensation expense recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) is as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 2015 2016 2015 (unaudited) Employee: Research and development $ 927 $ 487 $ 1,936 $ 889 General and administrative 1,258 1,151 2,555 1,945 Non-Employee: Research and development 35 61 37 96 General and administrative 26 114 53 114 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 2,246 $ 1,813 $ 4,581 $ 3,044 We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options at the grant date. The fair values of stock options granted to employees were calculated using the following assumptions: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 2015 2016 2015 (unaudited) Weighted-average estimated fair value $8.64 $15.97 $12.48 $21.80 Risk-free interest rate 1.19% - 1.49% 1.56% - 1.72% 1.19% - 1.84% 1.50% - 1.72% Expected term of options (in years) 5.85 - 6.08 6.08 5.50 - 6.08 5.50 - 6.08 Expected stock price volatility 78% - 80% 86% 77% - 80% 82% - 91% Expected dividend yield — — — — |