Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, $285.0 million in CCBX loans were transferred to loans held for sale, with $320.9 million in loans sold. A portion of these loans were sold at par and a portion were sold with a gain on sale of $107,000. Pricing is dependent upon the agreement with the partner. The Company sells CCBX loans to manage loan portfolio size by partner and by loan category, with such limits established and documented in the relevant partner agreement. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no loans held for sale. The Company adopted the CECL methodology for measuring credit losses as of January 1, 2023. All disclosures as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are presented in accordance with Topic 326. The Company did not recast comparative financial periods and has presented those disclosures under previously applicable GAAP. The composition of the loan portfolio is as follows as of the periods indicated: September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands; unaudited) Community Bank Commercial and industrial loans $ 158,232 Real estate loans: Construction, land and land development loans 167,686 Residential real estate loans 225,372 Commercial real estate loans 1,237,849 Consumer and other loans: Other consumer and other loans 2,483 Gross Community Bank loans receivable 1,791,622 CCBX Commercial and industrial loans: Capital call lines $ 114,174 All other commercial & industrial loans 58,869 Real estate loans: Residential real estate loans 251,775 Consumer and other loans: Credit cards 440,993 Other consumer and other loans 316,987 Gross CCBX loans receivable 1,182,798 Total gross loans receivable 2,974,420 Net deferred origination fees and premiums (7,385) Loans receivable $ 2,967,035 December 31, 2022 Consolidated (dollars in thousands; unaudited) Commercial and industrial loans $ 312,628 Real estate loans: Construction, land, and land development 214,055 Residential real estate 449,157 Commercial real estate 1,048,752 Consumer and other loans 608,771 Gross loans receivable 2,633,363 Net deferred origination fees and premiums (6,107) Loans receivable $ 2,627,256 Accrued interest on loans, which is excluded from the balances in the preceding table of loans receivable, was $21.3 million and $17.0 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and was included in accrued interest receivable on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Included in commercial and industrial loans as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, is $114.2 million and $146.0 million, respectively in capital call lines, provided to venture capital firms through one of our BaaS clients. These loans are secured by the capital call rights and are individually underwritten to the Bank’s credit standards by our BaaS client and the underwriting is reviewed and approved by the Bank on every line/loan. Also included in commercial and industrial loans are Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans of $3.3 million at September 30, 2023 and $4.7 million at December 31, 2022. PPP loans are 100% guaranteed by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”). Consumer and other loans includes overdrafts of $3.3 million and $2.7 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Community bank overdrafts were $1.0 million and $94,000 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively and CCBX overdrafts were $2.3 million and $2.6 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Company has pledged loans totaling $927.0 million and $220.1 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, for borrowing lines at the FHLB and FRB. Additional loans were pledged during the first six months of 2023 to significantly increase the borrowing capacity of the Bank in the event of a liquidity crisis. The balance of SBA and United States Department of Agriculture ("USDA") loans and participations sold and serviced for others totaled $9.1 million and $14.3 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The gross balance of Main Street Lending Program (“MSLP”) loans including participations to others, totaled $58.0 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, with $3.1 million in MSLP loans on the balance sheet and included in commercial and industrial loans at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. Servicing is retained on the gross balance. The Company, at times, purchases individual loans that meet its underwriting standards through the community bank at fair value as of the acquisition date. The Company held purchased loans with remaining balances that totaled The Company has purchased participation loans with remaining balances totaling $61.4 million and $63.9 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. These loans are included in the applicable loan category depending upon the collateral and purpose of the individual loan and underwritten to the Bank's credit standards. The Company purchased loans from a CCBX partner, at par, through agreements with that CCBX partner, and those loans had a remaining balance of $57.1 million as of September 30, 2023 and $157.4 million as of December 31, 2022. As of September 30, 2023, $50.1 million is included in consumer and other loans and $7.0 million is included in commercial and industrial loans, compared to $146.1 million in consumer and other loans and $11.3 million in commercial and industrial loans as of December 31, 2022. The following is a summary of the Company’s loan portfolio segments: Commercial and industrial loans – Commercial and industrial loans are secured by business assets including inventory, receivables and machinery and equipment of businesses located generally in the Company’s primary market area and capital calls on venture and investment funds. Also included in commercial and industrial loans are $58.9 million in unsecured CCBX partner loans. Loan types include PPP loans, revolving lines of credit, term loans, and loans secured by liquid collateral such as cash deposits or marketable securities. Also included in commercial and industrial loans are loans to other financial institutions. Risk arises primarily due to the difference between expected and actual cash flows of the borrowers. In addition, the recoverability of the Company’s investment in these loans is also dependent on other factors primarily dictated by the type of collateral securing these loans. The fair value of the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate as market conditions change. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the recovery of the Company’s investment is dependent upon the borrower’s ability to collect amounts due from its customers. As of September 30, 2023, $114.2 million in outstanding CCBX capital call lines are included in commercial and industrial loans compared to $146.0 million at December 31, 2022. Capital call lines are provided to venture capital firms. These loans are secured by the capital call rights and are individually underwritten to the Bank’s credit standards by our CCBX partner and the underwriting is reviewed by the Bank on every line/loan. Construction, land and land development loans – The Company originates loans for the construction of 1-4 family, multifamily, and Commercial Real Estate (“CRE”) properties in the Company’s market area. Construction loans are considered to have higher risks due to construction completion and timing risk, the ultimate repayment being sensitive to interest rate changes, government regulation of real property and the availability of long-term financing. Additionally, economic conditions may impact the Company’s ability to recover its investment in construction loans, as adverse economic conditions may negatively impact the real estate market, which could affect the borrower’s ability to complete and sell the project. Additionally, the fair value of the underlying collateral may fluctuate as market conditions change. The Company occasionally originates land loans for the purpose of facilitating the ultimate construction of a home or commercial building. The primary risks include the borrower’s ability to pay and the inability of the Company to recover its investment due to a material decline in the fair value of the underlying collateral. Residential real estate loans – Residential real estate includes various types of loans for which the Company holds real property as collateral. Included in this segment are first and second lien single family loans, occasionally purchased by the Company to diversify its loan portfolio, and rental portfolios secured by one-to-four family homes. The primary risks of residential real estate loans include the borrower’s inability to pay, material decreases in the value of the collateral, and significant increases in interest rates which may make the loan unprofitable. As of September 30, 2023, $251.8 million in loans originated through CCBX partners are included in residential real estate loans, compared to $244.6 million at December 31, 2022. These home equity lines of credit are secured by residential real estate and are accessed by using a credit card. Home equity lines of credit are classified as residential real estate per regulatory guidelines. Commercial real estate (includes owner occupied and nonowner occupied) loans – Commercial real estate loans include various types of loans for which the Company holds real property as collateral. We have commercial mortgage loans totaling $360.5 million that are collateralized by owner-occupied real-estate and $519.1 million that are collateralized by non-owner-occupied real estate, as well as $347.2 million of multi-family residential loans and $11.2 million of farmland loans, as of September 30, 2023. The primary risks of commercial real estate loans include the borrower’s inability to pay, material decreases in the value of the collateralized real estate and significant increases in interest rates, which may make the real estate loan unprofitable. Commercial real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. Consumer and other loans – The community bank originates a limited number of consumer loans, generally for banking customers only, which consist primarily of lines of credit, saving account secured loans, and auto loans. CCBX originates consumer loans including credit cards, consumer term loans and secured and unsecured lines of credit. This loan category includes overdrafts. Repayment of these loans is dependent on the borrower’s ability to pay and the fair value of the underlying collateral, if any. As of September 30, 2023, $758.0 million in CCBX loans are included in consumer and other loans compared to $607.0 million at December 31, 2022. Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans The following table illustrates an age analysis of past due loans as of the dates indicated: 30-89 90 Days Total Current Total 90 Days or (dollars in thousands; unaudited) September 30, 2023 Community Bank Commercial and industrial $ 18 $ — $ 18 $ 158,214 $ 158,232 $ — Real estate loans: Construction, land and land development — — — 167,686 167,686 — Residential real estate — — — 225,372 225,372 — Commercial real estate — 7,145 7,145 1,230,704 1,237,849 — Consumer and other loans 48 — 48 2,435 2,483 — Total community bank $ 66 $ 7,145 $ 7,211 $ 1,784,411 $ 1,791,622 $ — CCBX Commercial and industrial loans: Capital call lines $ — $ — $ — $ 114,174 $ 114,174 $ — All other commercial & industrial loans 3,299 1,387 4,686 54,183 58,869 1,387 Real estate loans: Residential real 2,655 1,462 4,117 $ 247,658 $ 251,775 1,462 Consumer and other loans: Credit cards 23,543 24,807 48,350 $ 392,643 $ 440,993 24,807 Other consumer and 30,141 8,561 38,702 278,285 316,987 8,561 Total CCBX $ 59,638 $ 36,217 $ 95,855 $ 1,086,943 $ 1,182,798 $ 36,217 Total Consolidated $ 59,704 $ 43,362 $ 103,066 $ 2,871,354 2,974,420 $ 36,217 Less net deferred origination fees and premiums (7,385) Loans receivable $ 2,967,035 Consolidated 30-89 90 Days Total Current Total 90 Days or (dollars in thousands; unaudited) December 31, 2022 Commercial and industrial loans $ 393 $ 486 $ 879 $ 311,749 $ 312,628 $ 404 Real estate loans: Construction, land and land development — 66 66 213,989 214,055 — Residential real estate 1,016 876 1,892 447,265 449,157 876 Commercial real estate 95 6,901 6,996 1,041,756 1,048,752 — Consumer and other loans 37,932 24,815 62,747 546,024 608,771 24,815 $ 39,436 $ 33,144 $ 72,580 $ 2,560,783 $ 2,633,363 $ 26,095 Less net deferred origination fees and premiums (6,107) Loans receivable $ 2,627,256 There were $36.2 million in loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest as of September 30, 2023, and $26.1 million as of December 31, 2022. This is attributed to loans originated through CCBX lending partners which continue to accrue interest up to 120 or 180 days past due, dependent on product type. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $34.7 million and $25.5 million, respectively, of loans past due 90 days or more are covered by credit enhancements provided by our CCBX partners that protect the Bank against losses. The accrual of interest on community bank loans is discontinued when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payments as they become due or when they are 90 days past due as to either principal or interest, unless they are well secured and in the process of collection. Installment/closed-end, and revolving/open-end consumer loans originated through CCBX lending partners will continue to accrue interest until 120 and 180 days past due, respectively and an allowance is recorded through provision expense for these expected losses. For installment/closed-end and revolving/open-end consumer loans originated through CCBX lending partners with balances outstanding beyond 120 days and 180 days past due, respectively, principal and capitalized interest outstanding is charged off against the allowance and accrued interest outstanding is reversed against interest income. These consumer loans are reported as nonperforming/substandard, 90 days or more days past due and still accruing. When loans are placed on nonaccrual status, all accrued interest is reversed from current period earnings. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are generally applied as a reduction to the loan principal balance. If the likelihood of further loss is removed, the Company will recognize interest on a cash basis only. Loans may be returned to accruing status if the Company believes that all remaining principal and interest is fully collectible and there has been at least six months of sustained repayment performance since the loan was placed on nonaccrual. An analysis of nonaccrual loans by category consisted of the following at the periods indicated: September 30, December 31, 2023 2022 Total Nonaccrual Nonaccrual with No ACL Total Nonaccrual (dollars in thousands; unaudited) Community Bank Commercial and industrial loans $ 2 $ 2 $ 113 Real estate loans: Construction, land and land development — — 66 Residential real estate 176 176 — Commercial real estate 7,145 7,145 6,901 Total nonaccrual loans $ 7,323 $ 7,323 $ 7,080 In some circumstances, the Company modifies loans in response to borrower financial difficulty, and generally provides for a temporary modification of loan repayment terms. In order for a modified loan to be considered for accrual status, the loan’s collateral coverage generally will be greater than or equal to 100% of the loan balance, the loan is current on payments, and the borrower must either prefund an interest reserve or demonstrate the ability to make payments from a verified source of cash flow for an extended period of time, usually at least six months in duration. No loans were modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. Credit Quality and Credit Risk Federal regulations require that the Company periodically evaluate the risks inherent in its loan portfolio. In addition, the Company’s regulatory agencies have authority to identify problem loans and, if appropriate, require them to be reclassified. The Company establishes loan grades for loans at the origination of the loan. Changes to community bank loan grades are considered at the time new information about the performance of a loan becomes available, including the receipt of updated financial information from the borrower and after loan reviews. For consumer loans, the Bank follows the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy for subsequent classification in the event of payment delinquencies or default. Typically, an individual loan grade will not be changed from the prior period unless there is a specific indication of credit deterioration or improvement. Credit deterioration is evidenced by delinquency, direct communications with the borrower or other borrower information that becomes known to management. Credit improvements are evidenced by known facts regarding the borrower or the collateral property. The Company classifies some loans as Watch or Other Loans Especially Mentioned (“OLEM”). Loans classified as Watch are performing assets but have elements of risk that require more monitoring than other performing loans and are reported in the OLEM column in the following table. Loans classified as OLEM are assets that continue to perform but have shown deterioration in credit quality and require close monitoring. There are three classifications for problem loans: Substandard, Doubtful, and Loss. Substandard loans have one or more defined weaknesses and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Revolving (open-ended loans, such as credit cards) and installment (closed end) consumer loans originated through CCBX partners continue to accrue interest until they are charged-off at 120 days past due for installment loans (primarily unsecured loans to consumers) and 180 days past due for revolving loans (primarily credit cards) and are classified as substandard. Doubtful loans have the weaknesses of loans classified as Substandard, with additional characteristics that suggest the weaknesses make collection or recovery in full after liquidation of collateral questionable on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values. There is a high possibility of loss in loans classified as Doubtful. A loan classified as Loss is considered uncollectible and of such little value that continued classification of the credit as a loan is not warranted. If a loan or a portion thereof is classified as Loss, it must be charged-off, meaning the amount of the loss is charged against the allowance for credit losses, thereby reducing that reserve. Management considers the guidance in ASC 310-20 when determining whether a modification, extension, or renewal of loan constitutes a current period origination. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of community bank loans by year of origination is as follows: Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Community Bank 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted To Term Total (dollars in thousands; unaudited) As of September 30, 2023 Commercial and industrial loans Risk rating Pass $ 12,798 $ 58,178 $ 16,236 $ 10,911 $ 13,843 $ 1,689 $ 40,923 $ 1,216 $ 155,794 Other Loan Especially Mentioned — — — 117 — — 2,319 — 2,436 Substandard — — — — — 2 — — 2 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial and industrial $ 12,798 $ 58,178 $ 16,236 $ 11,028 $ 13,843 $ 1,691 $ 43,242 $ 1,216 $ 158,232 Current period gross write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 46 $ — $ — $ 46 Real estate loans - Risk rating Pass $ 53,348 $ 59,253 $ 42,564 $ 3,103 $ 921 $ 1,620 $ 360 $ — $ 161,169 Other Loan Especially Mentioned — — 444 — — — — — 444 Substandard — — 3,148 2,325 — — 600 — 6,073 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total real estate loans - $ 53,348 $ 59,253 $ 46,156 $ 5,428 $ 921 $ 1,620 $ 960 $ — $ 167,686 Current period gross write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Community Bank 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted To Term Total (dollars in thousands; unaudited) As of September 30, 2023 Real estate loans - Risk rating Pass $ 30,510 $ 41,717 $ 39,545 $ 30,465 $ 32,170 $ 24,063 $ 23,521 $ — $ 221,991 Other Loan Especially Mentioned — 1,102 2,028 33 — 42 — — 3,205 Substandard — — — — — — — 176 176 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total real estate loans - $ 30,510 $ 42,819 $ 41,573 $ 30,498 $ 32,170 $ 24,105 $ 23,521 $ 176 $ 225,372 Current period gross write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Real estate loans - Risk rating Pass $ 195,094 $ 298,253 $ 201,342 $ 146,128 $ 127,437 $ 239,194 $ 8,403 $ 1,734 $ 1,217,585 Other Loan Especially Mentioned — 3,273 6,045 175 508 2,115 172 — 12,288 Substandard — — — 924 6,901 — 151 — 7,976 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total real estate loans - $ 195,094 $ 301,526 $ 207,387 $ 147,227 $ 134,846 $ 241,309 $ 8,726 $ 1,734 $ 1,237,849 Current period gross write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Community Bank 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted To Term Total (dollars in thousands; unaudited) As of September 30, 2023 Consumer and other loans - Risk rating Pass $ 1,088 $ 286 $ 7 $ 687 $ 49 $ 216 $ 150 $ — $ 2,483 Other Loan Especially Mentioned — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total consumer and other $ 1,088 $ 286 $ 7 $ 687 $ 49 $ 216 $ 150 $ — $ 2,483 Current period gross write-offs $ 16 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 16 Total community bank loans receivable Risk rating Pass $ 292,838 $ 457,687 $ 299,694 $ 191,294 $ 174,420 $ 266,782 $ 73,357 $ 2,950 $ 1,759,022 Other Loan Especially Mentioned — 4,375 8,517 325 508 2,157 2,491 — 18,373 Substandard — — 3,148 3,249 6,901 2 751 176 14,227 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total community bank loans $ 292,838 $ 462,062 $ 311,359 $ 194,868 $ 181,829 $ 268,941 $ 76,599 $ 3,126 $ 1,791,622 Current period gross write-offs $ 16 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 46 $ — $ — $ 62 The Company considers the performance of the CCBX loan portfolio and its impact on the allowance for credit losses. For CCBX loans, the Company also evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan, which was previously presented, and by payment activity. The following table presents the loans in CCBX based on payment activity: Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year CCBX 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted To Term Total (dollars in thousands; unaudited) As of September 30, 2023 Commercial and industrial loans - Payment performance Performing $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 114,174 $ — $ 114,174 Nonperforming — — — — — — — — — Total commercial and industrial $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 114,174 $ — $ 114,174 Current period gross write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial and industrial loans - Payment performance Performing $ 47,770 $ 7,542 $ 14 $ 29 $ — $ — $ 2,127 $ — $ 57,482 Nonperforming 629 393 — — — — 365 — 1,387 Total commercial and industrial $ 48,399 $ 7,935 $ 14 $ 29 $ — $ — $ 2,492 $ — $ 58,869 Current period gross write-offs $ 1,377 $ 2,012 $ 12 $ — $ — $ — $ 68 $ — $ 3,469 Real estate loans - Payment performance Performing $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 185,484 $ 64,829 $ 250,313 Nonperforming — — — — — — 1,462 — 1,462 Total real estate loans - $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 186,946 $ 64,829 $ 251,775 Current period gross write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 3,158 $ — $ 3,158 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year CCBX 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted To Term Total (dollars in thousands; unaudited) As of September 30, 2023 Consumer and other loans - Payment performance Performing $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 416,108 $ 78 $ 416,186 Nonperforming — — — — — — 24,807 — 24,807 Total consumer and other $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 440,915 $ 78 $ 440,993 Current period gross write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 38,987 $ — $ 38,987 Consumer and other loans - Payment performance Performing $ 215,136 $ 64,148 $ 8,753 $ 106 $ 516 $ 368 $ 19,399 $ — $ 308,426 Nonperforming 2,687 3,405 788 10 28 8 1,635 — 8,561 Total consumer and other $ 217,823 $ 67,553 $ 9,541 $ 116 $ 544 $ 376 $ 21,034 $ — $ 316,987 Current period gross write-offs $ 8,232 $ 35,329 $ 9,702 $ 74 $ 273 $ 198 $ 4,861 $ — $ 58,669 Total CCBX loans receivable Payment performance Performing $ 262,906 $ 71,690 $ 8,767 $ 135 $ 516 $ 368 $ 737,292 $ 64,907 $ 1,146,581 Nonperforming 3,316 3,798 788 10 28 8 28,269 — 36,217 Total CCBX loans $ 266,222 $ 75,488 $ 9,555 $ 145 $ 544 $ 376 $ 765,561 $ 64,907 $ 1,182,798 Current period gross write-offs $ 9,609 $ 37,341 $ 9,714 $ 74 $ 273 $ 198 $ 47,074 $ — $ 104,283 Loans by credit quality risk rating are as follows as of the periods indicated: Consolidated Pass Other Loans Sub- Doubtful Total (dollars in thousands; unaudited) December 31, 2022 Commercial and industrial loans $ 304,840 $ 7,219 $ 569 $ — $ 312,628 Real estate loans: Construction, land, and land development 206,304 7,685 66 — 214,055 Residential real estate 448,185 96 876 — 449,157 Commercial real estate 1,030,650 11,201 6,901 — 1,048,752 Consumer and other loans 583,956 — 24,815 — 608,771 $ 2,573,935 $ 26,201 $ 33,227 $ — 2,633,363 Less net deferred origination fees (6,107) Loans receivable $ 2,627,256 Allowance for Credit Losses ("ACL") On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, which replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as CECL. See Note 1, Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. As a result of implementing CECL, there was a one-time adjustment to the 2023 opening allowance balance of $3.9 million. CCBX loans have a higher level of expected losses than our community bank loans, which is reflected in the factors for the allowance for credit losses. Agreements with our CCBX partners provide for a credit enhancement which protects the Bank by reimbursing most losses. In accordance with accounting guidance, we estimate and record a provision for expected losses for these CCBX loans and reclassified negative deposit accounts. When the provision for CCBX credit losses and provision for unfunded commitments are recorded, a credit enhancement asset is also recorded on the balance sheet through noninterest income (BaaS credit enhancements). Expected losses are recorded in the allowance for credit losses. The credit enhancement asset is reduced when credit enhancement payments are received from the CCBX partner or taken from the partner's cash reserve account. CCBX partners provide for credit enhancements that provide protection to the Bank from credit and fraud losses by reimbursing the Bank for the losses. If the partner is unable to fulfill their contracted obligations then the Bank could be exposed to the loss of the reimbursement and credit enhancement income. In accordance with the program agreement for one CCBX partner, the Company is responsible for credit losses on approximately 10% of a $231.9 million loan portfolio that are without credit enhancement reimbursements. At September 30, 2023, 10% of this portfolio represented $23.2 million in loans. The partner is responsible for reimbursing credit losses on approximately 90% of this portfolio and for fraud losses on 100% of this portfolio. The Company earns 100% of the interest income on the aforementioned $23.2 million of loans. The following tables summarize the allocation of the ACL, as well as the activity in the ACL attributed to various segments in the loan portfolio, as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and the allocation and activity of the loans and allowance for loan losses ("ALLL ") attributed to the various segments in the loan portfolio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022: Commercial Construction, Residential Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total (dollars in thousands; unaudited) Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 ACL balance, June 30, 2023 $ 9,551 $ 6,539 $ 8,849 $ 6,952 $ 78,871 $ — $ 110,762 Provision for credit losses or (recapture) 2,771 132 3,517 456 20,281 — 27,157 12,322 6,671 12,366 7,408 99,152 — 137,919 Loans charged-off (2,328) — (1,476) — (34,075) — (37,879) Recoveries of loans previously charged-off 1 — 2 — 1,042 — 1,045 Net charge-offs (2,327) — (1,474) — (33,033) — (36,834) ACL balance, September 30, 2023 $ 9,995 $ 6,671 $ 10,892 $ 7,408 $ 66,119 $ — $ 101,085 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 ALLL balance, December 31, 2022 $ 4,831 $ 7,425 $ 4,142 $ 5,470 $ 50,996 $ 1,165 $ 74,029 Impact of adopting CECL (ASC 326) 1,428 (1,589) 1,623 1,240 2,315 (1,165) $ 3,852 Provision for credit losses or (recapture) 7,247 835 8,283 698 106,236 123,299 13,506 6,671 14,048 7,408 159,547 — 201,180 Loans charged-off (3,515) — (3,158) — (97,672) — (104,345) Recoveries of loans previously charged-off 4 — 2 — 4,244 — 4,250 Net charge-offs (3,511) — (3,156) — (93,428) — (100,095) ACL balance, September 30, 2023 $ 9,995 $ 6,671 $ 10,892 $ 7,408 $ 66,119 $ — $ 101,085 Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 ALLL balance, June 30, 2022 $ 4,066 $ 7,999 $ 7,171 $ 4,740 $ 23,810 $ 1,572 $ 49,358 Provision for loan losses or (recapture) 298 (145) 2,260 (215) 16,402 (172) 18,428 4,364 7,854 9,431 4,525 40,212 1,400 67,786 Loans charged-off (360) — (105) — (8,048) — (8,513) Recoveries of loans previously charged-off 2 — — — 7 — 9 Net (charge-offs) recoveries (358) — (105) — (8,041) — (8,504) Balance, September 30, 2022 $ 4,006 $ 7,854 $ 9,326 $ 4,525 $ 32,171 $ 1,400 $ 59,282 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 ALLL Balance, December 31, 2021 $ 3,221 $ 6,984 $ 4,598 $ 6,590 $ 7,092 $ 147 $ 28,632 Provision for credit losses or (recapture) 1,144 870 4,833 (2,065) 39,429 1,253 45,464 4,365 7,854 9,431 4,525 46,521 1,400 74,096 Loans charged-off (398) — (105) — (14,360) — (14,863) Recoveries of loans previously charged-off 39 — — — 10 — 49 Net charge-offs (359) — (105) — (14,350) — (14,814) ALLL Balance, September 30, 2022 $ 4,006 $ 7,854 $ 9,326 $ 4,525 $ 32,171 $ 1,400 $ 59,282 The following table summarizes the allocation of the allowance for loan losses attributed to various segments in the loan portfolio as of December 31, 2022. Commercial Construction, Residential Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total (dollars in thousands; unaudited) As of December 31, 2022 ALLL amounts allocated to Individually evaluated for impairment $ 95 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 95 Collectively evaluated for impairment 4,736 7,425 4,142 5,470 50,996 1,165 73,934 ALLL balance, December 31, 2022 $ 4,831 $ 7,425 $ 4,142 $ 5,470 $ 50,996 $ 1,165 $ 74,029 Loans individually evaluated for $ 113 $ 66 $ — $ 6,901 $ — $ 7,080 Loans collectively evaluated for 312,515 213,989 449,157 1,041,851 608,771 2,626,283 Loans receivable balance, December 31, $ 312,628 $ 214,055 $ 449,157 $ 1,048,752 $ 608,771 $ 2,633,363 The following table presents the collateral dependent loans, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related ACL allocated to these loans: Real Estate Business Assets Total ACL (dollars in thousands; unaudited) September 30, 2023 Commercial and industrial loans $ — $ 2 $ 2 $ — Real estate loans: Construction, land and land development — — — — Residential real estate 176 — 176 — Commercial real estate 7,145 — 7,145 — Total $ 7,321 $ 2 $ 7,323 $ — The following table is a summary of information pertaining to impaired loans as of the period indicated. Loans originated through CCBX partners are reported using pool accounting and are not subject to impairment analysis, therefore CCBX loans are not included in this table. Unpaid Recorded Recorded Total Related (dollars in thousands; unaudited) December 31, 2022 Commercial and industrial loans $ 124 $ — $ 113 $ 113 $ 95 Real estate loans: Construction, land and land development 67 66 — 66 — Commercial real estate 6,901 6,901 — 6,901 — Total $ 7,092 $ 6,967 $ 113 $ 7,080 $ 95 The following tables summarize the Company’s average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans by loan class for the period indicated: Three Months Ended |