Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses (“ACL") | Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”) During the year ended December 31, 2023, $599.9 million in CCBX loans were transferred to loans held for sale, with $599.9 million in loans sold. A portion of these loans were sold at par and a portion were sold with a gain on sale of $253,000. Pricing is dependent upon the agreement with the partner. The Company sells CCBX loans to manage loan portfolio size by partner and by loan category. Partner loan limits are established and documented in the relevant partner agreement. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no loans held for sale. The Company adopted the CECL methodology for measuring credit losses as of January 1, 2023. All disclosures as of and for the twelve months ended months ended December 31, 2023 are presented in accordance with Topic 326. The Company did not recast comparative financial periods and has presented those disclosures under previously applicable GAAP. The composition of the loan portfolio is as follows as of the periods indicated: December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands) Community Bank Commercial and industrial loans $ 149,502 Real estate loans: Construction, land and land development loans 157,100 Residential real estate loans 225,391 Commercial real estate loans 1,303,533 Consumer and other loans: Other consumer and other loans 1,628 Gross Community Bank loans receivable 1,837,154 CCBX Commercial and industrial loans: Capital call lines $ 87,494 All other commercial & industrial loans 54,298 Real estate loans: Residential real estate loans 238,035 Consumer and other loans: Credit cards 505,837 Other consumer and other loans 310,574 Gross CCBX loans receivable 1,196,238 Total gross loans receivable 3,033,392 Net deferred origination fees and premiums (7,300) Loans receivable $ 3,026,092 December 31, 2022 Consolidated (dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial loans $ 312,628 Real estate loans: Construction, land, and land development 214,055 Residential real estate 449,157 Commercial real estate 1,048,752 Consumer and other loans 608,771 Gross loans receivable 2,633,363 Net deferred origination fees and premiums (6,107) Loans receivable $ 2,627,256 Accrued interest on loans, which is excluded from the balances in the preceding table of loans receivable, was $25.6 million and $17.0 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and was included in accrued interest receivable Included in commercial and industrial loans is $87.5 million and $146.0 million in capital call lines, as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, provided to venture capital firms through one of our BaaS clients. These loans are secured by the capital call rights and are individually underwritten to the Bank’s credit standards and the underwriting is reviewed by the Bank on every line. Also included in commercial and industrial loans are Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans of $3.0 million and $4.7 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. PPP loans are 100% guaranteed by the SBA. Consumer and other loans includes overdrafts of $2.8 million and $2.7 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Community bank overdrafts were $255,000 and $94,000 at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively and CCBX overdrafts were $2.5 million and $2.6 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company has pledged loans totaling $1.01 billion and $220.1 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, for borrowing lines at the FHLB and FRB. The balance of SBA and USDA loans and participations serviced for others totaled $8.7 million and $14.3 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The balance of MSLP loans participated and serviced for others totaled $53.4 million and $58.0 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, with $2.8 million and $3.1 million outstanding and included in commercial and industrial loans as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company, through the community bank, at times, purchases individual loans at fair value as of the acquisition date. The Company held purchased loans with remaining balances totaled $8.1 million and $9.6 million as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Unamortized premiums totaled $154,000 and $167,000 as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and are amortized into interest income over the life of the loans. These loans are included in the applicable loan category depending upon the collateral and purpose of the individual loan. The Company, through the community bank, has purchased participation loans with remaining balances totaling $53.5 million and $63.9 million as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. These loans are included in the applicable loan category depending upon the collateral and purpose of the individual loan. The Company, through the community bank, purchased loans from CCBX partners, at par, through agreements with those CCBX partners, and those loans had a remaining balance of $46.5 million as of December 31, 2023 and $157.4 million as of December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2023, $40.2 million is included in consumer and other loans and $6.3 million is included in commercial and industrial loans, compared to $146.1 million in consumer and other loans and $11.3 million in commercial and industrial loans as of December 31, 2022. The following is a summary of the Company’s loan portfolio segments: Commercial and industrial loans - Commercial and industrial loans are secured by business assets including inventory, receivables and machinery and equipment of businesses located generally in the Company’s primary market area and capital calls on venture and investment funds. Also included in commercial and industrial loans are $54.3 million in unsecured loans originated through CCBX partners as of December 31, 2023, compared to $14.9 million as of December 31, 2022. Loan types in this segment include PPP loans, revolving lines of credit, term loans, and loans secured by liquid collateral such as cash deposits or marketable securities. In addition, included in commercial and industrial loans are loans to other financial institutions. Additionally, the Company issues letters of credit on behalf of its customers. Risk arises primarily due to the difference between expected and actual cash flows of the borrowers. In addition, the recoverability of the Company’s investment in these loans is also dependent on other factors primarily dictated by the type of collateral securing these loans. The fair value of the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate as market conditions change. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the recovery of the Company’s investment is dependent upon the borrower’s ability to collect amounts due from its customers. For the year ended December 31, 2023, $87.5 million in CCBX capital call lines are included in commercial and industrial loans compared to $146.0 million at December 31, 2022. Capital call lines are provided to venture capital firms. These loans are secured by the capital call rights and are individually underwritten to the Bank’s credit standards and the underwriting is reviewed by the Bank on every line/loan. Construction, land and land development loans – The Company originates loans for the construction of 1-4 family, multifamily, and CRE properties in the Company’s market area. Construction loans are considered to have higher risks due to construction completion and timing risk, the ultimate repayment being sensitive to interest rate changes, government regulation of real property and the availability of long-term financing. Additionally, economic conditions may impact the Company’s ability to recover its investment in construction loans, as adverse economic conditions may negatively impact the real estate market, which could affect the borrower’s ability to complete and sell the project. Additionally, the fair value of the underlying collateral may fluctuate as market conditions change. The Company occasionally originates land loans for the purpose of facilitating the ultimate construction of a home or commercial building. The primary risks include the borrower’s ability to pay and the inability of the Company to recover its investment due to a material decline in the fair value of the underlying collateral. Residential real estate - Residential real estate includes various types of loans for which the Company holds real property as collateral. Included in this segment are multi-family loans, first lien single family loans, which the Company occasionally purchases to diversify its loan portfolio, home equity lines of credit and rental portfolios secured by one-to-four family homes. The primary risks of residential real estate loans include the borrower’s inability to pay, material decreases in the value of the collateral, and significant increases in interest rates which may make the loan unprofitable. As of December 31, 2023, $238.0 million in loans originated through CCBX partners are included in residential real estate loans, compared to $244.6 million at December 31, 2022. These home equity lines of credit are secured by residential real estate and are accessed by using a credit card. Home equity lines of credit are classified as residential real estate per regulatory guidelines. Commercial real estate (includes owner occupied and nonowner occupied) - Commercial real estate loans include various types of loans for which the Company holds real property as collateral. We make commercial mortgage loans collateralized by owner-occupied and non-owner-occupied real estate, as well as multi-family residential loans. The primary risks of commercial real estate loans include the borrower’s inability to pay, material decreases in the value of the collateralized real estate and significant increases in interest rates, which may make the real estate loan unprofitable. Commercial real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. Consumer and other loans – The community bank originates a limited number of consumer loans, generally for banking customers only, which consist primarily of lines of credit, saving account secured loans, and auto loans. CCBX originates consumer loans including credit cards, consumer term loans and secured and unsecured lines of credit. This loan category also includes overdrafts. Repayment of these loans is dependent on the borrower’s ability to pay and the fair value of the underlying collateral. As of December 31, 2023 $816.4 million in CCBX loans are included in consumer and other loans, compared to $607.0 million at December 31, 2022. Past due and Nonaccrual Loans The following table illustrates an age analysis of past due loans as of the dates indicated: 30-89 90 Days Total Current Total 90 Days or (dollars in thousands; unaudited) December 31, 2023 Community Bank Commercial and industrial $ — $ — $ — $ 149,502 $ 149,502 $ — Real estate loans: Construction, land and land development — — — 157,100 157,100 — Residential real estate 44 — 44 225,347 225,391 — Commercial real estate — 7,145 7,145 1,296,388 1,303,533 — Consumer and other loans 2 — 2 1,626 1,628 — Total community bank $ 46 $ 7,145 $ 7,191 $ 1,829,963 $ 1,837,154 $ — CCBX Commercial and industrial loans: Capital call lines $ — $ — $ — $ 87,494 $ 87,494 $ — All other commercial & industrial loans 3,433 2,086 5,519 48,779 54,298 2,086 Real estate loans: Residential real 3,198 1,115 4,313 $ 233,722 $ 238,035 1,115 Consumer and other loans: Credit cards 28,383 34,835 63,218 $ 442,619 $ 505,837 34,835 Other consumer and 29,645 8,488 38,133 272,441 310,574 8,488 Total CCBX $ 64,659 $ 46,524 $ 111,183 $ 1,085,055 $ 1,196,238 $ 46,524 Total Consolidated $ 64,705 $ 53,669 $ 118,374 $ 2,915,018 3,033,392 $ 46,524 Less net deferred origination fees and premiums (7,300) Loans receivable $ 3,026,092 Consolidated 30-89 90 Days Total Current Total 90 Days or (dollars in thousands) December 31, 2022 Commercial and industrial loans $ 393 $ 486 $ 879 $ 311,749 $ 312,628 $ 404 Real estate loans: Construction, land and land development — 66 66 213,989 214,055 — Residential real estate 1,016 876 1,892 447,265 449,157 876 Commercial real estate 95 6,901 6,996 1,041,756 1,048,752 — Consumer and other loans 37,932 24,815 62,747 546,024 608,771 24,815 $ 39,436 $ 33,144 $ 72,580 $ 2,560,783 $ 2,633,363 $ 26,095 Less net deferred origination fees and premiums (6,107) Loans receivable $ 2,627,256 There were $46.5 million in loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest as of December 31, 2023, and $26.1 million as of December 31, 2022. The increase is attributed to loans originated through CCBX lending partners which continue to accrue interest up to 180 days past due. The accrual of interest on community bank loans is discontinued when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payments as they become due or when they are 90 days past due as to either principal or interest, unless they are well secured and in the process of collection. Installment/closed-end, and revolving/open-end consumer loans originated through CCBX lending partners will continue to accrue interest until 120 and 180 days past due, respectively and an allowance is recorded through provision expense for these expected losses. For installment/closed-end and revolving/open-end consumer loans originated through CCBX lending partners with balances outstanding beyond 120 days and 180 days past due, respectively, principal and capitalized interest outstanding is charged off against the allowance and accrued interest outstanding is reversed against interest income. These consumer loans are reported as nonperforming/substandard, 90 days or more days past due and still accruing. When loans are placed on nonaccrual status, all accrued interest is reversed from current period earnings. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are generally applied as a reduction to the loan principal balance. If the likelihood of further loss is removed, the Company will recognize interest on a cash basis only. Loans may be returned to accruing status if the Company believes that all remaining principal and interest is fully collectible and there has been at least six months of sustained repayment performance since the loan was placed on nonaccrual. An analysis of nonaccrual loans by category consisted of the following at the periods indicated: December 31, December 31, 2023 2022 Total Nonaccrual Nonaccrual with No ACL Total Nonaccrual (dollars in thousands; unaudited) Community Bank Commercial and industrial loans $ — $ — $ 113 Real estate loans: Construction, land and land development — — 66 Residential real estate 170 170 — Commercial real estate 7,145 7,145 6,901 Consumer and other loans — — — Total nonaccrual loans $ 7,315 $ 7,315 $ 7,080 In some circumstances, the Company modifies loans in response to borrower financial difficulty, and generally provides for a temporary modification of loan repayment terms. In order for a modified loan to be considered for accrual status, the loan’s collateral coverage generally will be greater than or equal to 100% of the loan balance, the loan is current on payments, and the borrower must either prefund an interest reserve or demonstrate the ability to make payments from a verified source of cash flow for an extended period of time, usually at least six months in duration. In January 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” (“ASU 2022-02”), which eliminated the accounting guidance for TDRs while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. This guidance was applied on a prospective basis. No loans were modified for community bank borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the twelve months ended months ended December 31, 2023 . The following table presents the CCBX loans at December 31, 2023 that were both experiencing financial difficulty and were modified during the year ended December 31, 2023 by class and by type of modification. The percentage of the loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the total of each class of loans is also presented below. Principal Forgiveness Term Extension Interest Rate Reduction Principal Forgiveness & Payment Delay Principal Forgiveness, Payment Delay & Term Extension Total Total Class of Financing Receivable (dollars in thousands; unaudited) CCBX Commercial and industrial loans: All other commercial & industrial loans $ — $ 1,247 $ — $ 27 $ 18 $ 1,292 2.38 % Consumer and other loans: Credit cards 1 — 4,201 — — 4,202 0.83 Other consumer and other loans — 13,571 — 3,838 2,846 20,255 6.52 Total $ 1 $ 14,818 $ 4,201 $ 3,865 $ 2,864 $ 25,749 0.85 % The Company has committed to lend additional amounts totaling $320,000 to the borrowers included in the previous table. The performance of loans modified is monitored to understand the effectiveness of the modification efforts. The following table presents the performance of such loans that have been modified in the last 12 months: 30-89 90 Days Total Past Due (dollars in thousands) CCBX Commercial and industrial loans: All other commercial & industrial loans $ 268 $ 219 $ 487 Consumer and other loans: Credit cards 1,747 1,436 3,183 Other consumer and other loans 3,436 716 4,152 Total CCBX $ 5,451 $ 2,371 $ 7,822 The following table presents the financial effect of the loan modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the year ended December 31, 2023: Principal Forgiveness Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted Average Term Extension (years) (dollars in thousands) CCBX Commercial and industrial loans: All other commercial & industrial loans $ — — % 0.9 Real estate loans: Residential real estate loans 42 — n/a Consumer and other loans: Credit cards — 20.5 n/a Other consumer and other loans — — 0.8 Total CCBX $ 42 20.5 % 0.8 The following table presents the total of loans that had a payment default during the year ended December 31, 2023 and were modified in the twelve months prior to that default to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Term Extension Interest Rate Reduction Principal Forgiveness & Payment Delay Principal Forgiveness, Payment Delay & Term Extension Total (dollars in thousands; unaudited) CCBX Commercial and industrial loans: All other commercial & industrial loans $ 487 $ — $ 5 $ — $ 492 Consumer and other loans: Credit cards — 3,924 — — 3,924 Other consumer and other loans 3,155 — 1,143 619 4,917 Total $ 3,642 $ 3,924 $ 1,148 $ 619 $ 9,333 Upon the Company’s determination that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or a portion of the loan) is written off. Therefore, the loan balance is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted by the same amount. Credit Quality and Credit Risk Federal regulations require that the Company periodically evaluate the risks inherent in its loan portfolio. In addition, the Company’s regulatory agencies have authority to identify problem loans and, if appropriate, require them to be reclassified. The Company establishes loan grades for loans at the origination of the loan. Changes to community bank loan grades are considered at the time new information about the performance of a loan becomes available, including the receipt of updated financial information from the borrower and after loan reviews. For consumer loans, the Bank follows the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy for subsequent classification in the event of payment delinquencies or default. Typically, an individual loan grade will not be changed from the prior period unless there is a specific indication of credit deterioration or improvement. Credit deterioration is evidenced by delinquency, direct communications with the borrower or other borrower information that becomes known to management. Credit improvements are evidenced by known facts regarding the borrower or the collateral property. The Company classifies some loans as Watch or Other Loans Especially Mentioned (“OLEM”). Loans classified as Watch are performing assets but have elements of risk that require more monitoring than other performing loans and are reported in the OLEM column in the following table. Loans classified as OLEM are assets that continue to perform but have shown deterioration in credit quality and require close monitoring. There are three classifications for problem loans: Substandard, Doubtful, and Loss. Substandard loans have one or more defined weaknesses and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Revolving (open-ended loans, such as credit cards) and installment (closed end) consumer loans originated through CCBX partners continue to accrue interest until they are charged-off at 120 days past due for installment loans (primarily unsecured loans to consumers) and 180 days past due for revolving loans (primarily credit cards) and are classified as substandard. Doubtful loans have the weaknesses of loans classified as Substandard, with additional characteristics that suggest the weaknesses make collection or recovery in full after liquidation of collateral questionable on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values. There is a high possibility of loss in loans classified as Doubtful. A loan classified as Loss is considered uncollectible and of such little value that continued classification of the credit as a loan is not warranted. If a loan or a portion thereof is classified as Loss, it must be charged-off, meaning the amount of the loss is charged against the allowance for credit losses, thereby reducing that reserve. Management considers the guidance in ASC 310-20 when determining whether a modification, extension, or renewal of loan constitutes a current period origination. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of community bank loans by year of origination is as follows: Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Community Bank 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted To Term Total (dollars in thousands) As of December 31, 2023 Commercial and industrial loans Risk rating Pass $ 15,882 $ 56,428 $ 15,566 $ 10,044 $ 12,429 $ 1,442 $ 33,412 $ 1,020 $ 146,223 Other Loan Especially Mentioned — — — 111 — — 3,168 — $ 3,279 Substandard — — — — — — — — $ — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial and industrial $ 15,882 $ 56,428 $ 15,566 $ 10,155 $ 12,429 $ 1,442 $ 36,580 $ 1,020 $ 149,502 Current period gross write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 46 $ — $ — $ 46 Real estate loans - Risk rating Pass $ 75,129 $ 49,275 $ 20,811 $ 2,859 $ 914 $ 1,598 $ — $ — $ 150,586 Other Loan Especially Mentioned — — 3,589 2,325 — — — — $ 5,914 Substandard — — — — — — 600 — $ 600 Doubtful — — — — — — — — $ — Total real estate loans - $ 75,129 $ 49,275 $ 24,400 $ 5,184 $ 914 $ 1,598 $ 600 $ — $ 157,100 Current period gross write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Community Bank 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted To Term Total (dollars in thousands) As of December 31, 2023 Real estate loans - Risk rating Pass $ 32,352 $ 41,362 $ 39,137 $ 30,259 $ 31,982 $ 22,429 $ 24,396 $ 18 $ 221,935 Other Loan Especially Mentioned — 1,098 2,020 28 — 40 100 — $ 3,286 Substandard — — — — — — — 170 $ 170 Doubtful — — — — — — — — $ — Total real estate loans - $ 32,352 $ 42,460 $ 41,157 $ 30,287 $ 31,982 $ 22,469 $ 24,496 $ 188 $ 225,391 Current period gross write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Real estate loans - Risk rating Pass $ 244,169 $ 303,329 $ 222,287 $ 144,602 $ 126,437 $ 233,482 $ 7,509 $ 1,719 $ 1,283,534 Other Loan Especially Mentioned — 3,257 5,891 171 506 2,099 100 — $ 12,024 Substandard — — — 924 6,900 — 151 — $ 7,975 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total real estate loans - $ 244,169 $ 306,586 $ 228,178 $ 145,697 $ 133,843 $ 235,581 $ 7,760 $ 1,719 $ 1,303,533 Current period gross write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Consumer and other loans - Risk rating Pass $ 323 $ 272 $ 5 $ 679 $ 38 $ 164 $ 147 $ — $ 1,628 Other Loan Especially Mentioned — — — — — — — — $ — Substandard — — — — — — — — $ — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total consumer and other $ 323 $ 272 $ 5 $ 679 $ 38 $ 164 $ 147 $ — $ 1,628 Current period gross write-offs $ 18 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 18 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Community Bank 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted To Term Total (dollars in thousands) As of December 31, 2023 Total community bank loans receivable Risk rating Pass $ 367,855 $ 450,666 $ 297,806 $ 188,443 $ 171,800 $ 259,115 $ 65,464 $ 2,757 $ 1,803,906 Other Loan Especially Mentioned — 4,355 11,500 2,635 506 2,139 3,368 — $ 24,503 Substandard — — — 924 6,900 — 751 170 $ 8,745 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total community bank loans $ 367,855 $ 455,021 $ 309,306 $ 192,002 $ 179,206 $ 261,254 $ 69,583 $ 2,927 $ 1,837,154 Current period gross write-offs $ 18 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 46 $ — $ — $ 64 The Company considers the performance of the CCBX loan portfolio and its impact on the allowance for credit losses. For CCBX loans, the Company also evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan, which was previously presented, and by payment activity. The following table presents the loans in CCBX based on payment activity: Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year CCBX 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted To Term Total (dollars in thousands) As of December 31, 2023 Commercial and industrial loans - Payment performance Performing $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 87,494 $ — $ 87,494 Nonperforming — — — — — — — — — Total commercial and industrial $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 87,494 $ — $ 87,494 Current period gross write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial and industrial loans - Payment performance Performing $ 42,267 $ 6,835 $ 9 $ 11 $ — $ — $ 3,090 $ — $ 52,212 Nonperforming 1,333 277 — — — — 476 — 2,086 Total commercial and industrial $ 43,600 $ 7,112 $ 9 $ 11 $ — $ — $ 3,566 $ — $ 54,298 Current period gross write-offs $ 3,848 $ 2,502 $ 15 $ 16 $ — $ — $ 224 $ — $ 6,605 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year CCBX 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted To Term Total (dollars in thousands) As of December 31, 2023 Real estate loans - Payment performance Performing $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 212,435 $ 24,485 $ 236,920 Nonperforming — — — — — — 1,115 — 1,115 Total real estate loans - $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 213,550 $ 24,485 $ 238,035 Current period gross write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 4,641 $ — $ 4,641 Consumer and other loans - Payment performance Performing $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 469,049 $ 1,953 $ 471,002 Nonperforming — — — — — — 33,655 1,180 34,835 Total consumer and other $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 502,704 $ 3,133 $ 505,837 Current period gross write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 61,358 $ — $ 61,358 Consumer and other loans - Payment performance Performing $ 216,024 $ 50,732 $ 6,888 $ 98 $ 418 $ 317 $ 27,609 $ — $ 302,086 Nonperforming 4,229 3,074 477 — 7 10 691 — 8,488 Total consumer and other $ 220,253 $ 53,806 $ 7,365 $ 98 $ 425 $ 327 $ 28,300 $ — $ 310,574 Current period gross write-offs $ 17,815 $ 43,115 $ 11,574 $ 84 $ 346 $ 217 $ 6,178 $ — $ 79,329 Total CCBX loans receivable Payment performance Performing $ 258,291 $ 57,567 $ 6,897 $ 109 $ 418 $ 317 $ 799,677 $ 26,438 $ 1,149,714 Nonperforming 5,562 3,351 477 — 7 10 35,937 1,180 46,524 Total CCBX loans $ 263,853 $ 60,918 $ 7,374 $ 109 $ 425 $ 327 $ 835,614 $ 27,618 $ 1,196,238 Current period gross write-offs $ 21,663 $ 45,617 $ 11,589 $ 100 $ 346 $ 217 $ 72,401 $ — $ 151,933 Loans by credit quality risk ratings are as follows as of the periods indicated: Consolidated Pass Other Loans Sub- Doubtful Total (dollars in thousands) December 31, 2022 Commercial and industrial loans $ 304,840 $ 7,219 $ 569 $ — $ 312,628 Real estate loans: Construction, land, and land development 206,304 7,685 66 — 214,055 Residential real estate 448,185 96 876 — 449,157 Commercial real estate 1,030,650 11,201 6,901 — 1,048,752 Consumer and other loans 583,956 — 24,815 — 608,771 $ 2,573,935 $ 26,201 $ 33,227 $ — 2,633,363 Less net deferred origination fees (6,107) Loans receivable $ 2,627,256 Allowance for Credit Losses ("ACL") On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, which replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as CECL. See Note 1, Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. As a result of implementing CECL, there was a one-time adjustment to the 2023 opening allowance balance of $3.9 million. CCBX loans have a higher level of expected losses than our community bank loans, which is reflected in the factors for the allowance for credit losses. Agreements with our CCBX partners provide for a credit enhancement which protects the Bank by reimbursing most losses. In accordance with accounting guidance, we estimate and record a provision for expected losses for these CCBX loans and reclassified negative deposit accounts. When the provision for CCBX credit losses and provision for unfunded commitments are recorded, a credit enhancement asset is also recorded on the balance sheet through noninterest income (BaaS credit enhancements). Expected losses are recorded in the allowance for credit losses. The credit enhancement asset is reduced when credit enhancement payments are received from the CCBX partner or taken from the partner's cash reserve account. CCBX partners provide for credit enhancements that provide protection to the Bank from credit and fraud losses by reimbursing the Bank for the losses. If the partner is unable to fulfill its contracted obligations then the Bank could be exposed to the loss of the reimbursement and credit enhancement income. In accordance with the program agreement for one CCBX partner, the Company is responsible for credit losses on approximately 10% of a $288.1 million loan portfolio that are without credit enhancement reimbursements. At December 31, 2023, 10% of this portfolio represented $29.1 million in loans. The partner is responsible for reimbursing credit losses on approximately 90% of this portfolio and for fraud losses on 100% of this portfolio. The Company earns 100% of the interest income on the aforementioned $29.1 million of loans. The following tables summarize the allocation of the ACL, as well as the activity in the ACL attributed to various segments in the loan portfolio, as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the allocation and activity of the loans and allowance for loan losses ("ALLL ") attributed to the various segments in the loan portfolio for the year ended December 31, 2022: Commercial Construction, Residential Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total (dollars in thousands) Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2023 ALLL balance, December 31, 2022 $ 4,831 $ 7,425 $ 4,142 $ 5,470 $ 50,996 $ 1,165 $ 74,029 Impact of adopting CECL (ASC 326) 1,428 (1,589) 1,623 1,240 2,315 (1,165) $ 3,852 Provision for credit losses or (recapture) 9,264 550 11,921 731 161,577 — 184,043 15,523 6,386 17,686 7,441 214,888 — 261,924 Loans charged-off (6,651) — (4,641) — (140,705) — (151,997) Recoveries of loans previously charged-off 5 — 4 — 7,022 — 7,031 Net charge-offs (6,646) — (4,637) — (133,683) — (144,966) ACL balance, December 31, 2023 $ 8,877 $ 6,386 $ 13,049 $ 7,441 $ 81,205 $ — $ 116,958 Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2022 ALLL Balance, December 31, 2021 $ 3,221 $ 6,984 $ 4,598 $ 6,590 $ 7,092 $ 147 $ 28,632 Provision for credit losses or (recapture) 2,125 441 (4) (1,120) 76,604 1,018 79,064 5,346 7,425 4,594 5,470 83,696 1,165 107,696 Loans charged-off (555) — (452) — (32,742) — (33,749) Recoveries of loans previously charged-off 40 — — — 42 — 82 Net charge-offs (515) — (452) — (32,700) — (33,667) ALLL Balance, Dec |