Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Use of Estimates The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP). The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, fair value of assets and liabilities, inventory, product warranty reserves, income taxes, and stock-based compensation. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions. Segments The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its Chief Executive Officer. The Company operates its business as one operating segment for purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions. All of the Company’s assets are maintained in the United States. The Company derives its revenue from domestic and international markets, based on the billing address of the customer. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid, short-term investments with maturity dates of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company’s cash equivalents consist of money market funds. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company generally does not require collateral or other security in support of accounts receivable. Allowances are provided for individual accounts receivable when the Company becomes aware of a customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations, such as in the case of bankruptcy, deterioration in the customer’s operating results or change in financial position. If circumstances related to customers change, estimates of the recoverability of receivables would be further adjusted. The Company also considers a number of factors in evaluating the sufficiency of its allowance for doubtful accounts, including the length of time receivables are past due, significant one-time events, creditworthiness of customers and historical experience. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, there was no allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company also establishes an allowance for product returns. The Company analyzes historical returns, current economic trends and changes in customer demand and acceptance of products when evaluating the adequacy of sales returns. As the returns are processed as credits on future purchases, the allowance is recorded against the balance of trade accounts receivable. The allowance was $147,000 and $188,000 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents that are held by a financial institution in the United States and accounts receivable. Amounts on deposit with a financial institution may at times exceed federally insured limits. The Company maintains its cash accounts with high credit quality financial institutions and accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to the financial institutions. Significant customers are those which represent more than 10% of the Company’s total revenue or gross accounts receivable balance at each respective balance sheet date. For the purposes of this disclosure, the Company defines “customer” as the entity that is purchasing the products directly from the Company, which includes the distributors of the Company’s products in addition to end customers that the Company sells to directly. For each significant customer, revenue as a percentage of total revenue and accounts receivable as a percentage of total accounts receivable, net are as follows: Revenue Accounts Receivable Year Ended December 31, December 31, Customers 2017 2016 2015 2017 2016 Customer A 15 % 22 % 26 % * % 12 % Customer B * * 13 15 13 Customer C * * * 10 10 Customer D 16 * * 18 * Inventory Inventory is valued at the lower of cost, using the first-in, first-out or specific identification method, or market. The carrying value of inventory is adjusted for excess and obsolete inventory based on inventory age, shipment history and the forecast of demand over a specific future period. At the point of loss recognition, a new lower cost basis for that inventory is established and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that new cost basis. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company discloses and recognizes the fair value of its assets and liabilities using a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to valuations based upon unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to valuations based upon unobservable inputs that are significant to the valuation (Level 3 measurements). The guidance establishes three levels of the fair value hierarchy as follows: Level 1 —Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. Level 2— Inputs (other than quoted market prices included in Level 1) are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life. Level 3 —Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model. The carrying value of accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other accruals readily convertible into cash approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of the instruments. The carrying value of the Company’s variable interest rate debt, excluding unamortized debt issuance costs, approximates fair value. The Company’s financial instruments consist of Level 1 assets. Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified as Level 1. Level 1 assets consist primarily of highly liquid money market funds that are included in cash equivalents. The following table sets forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis based on the three-tier fair value hierarchy (in thousands): December 31, 2017 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets: Money market funds $ 13,369 $ — $ — $ 13,369 Total assets measured at fair value $ 13,369 $ — $ — $ 13,369 December 31, 2016 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets: Money market funds $ 29,869 $ — $ — $ 29,869 Total assets measured at fair value $ 29,869 $ — $ — $ 29,869 The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability, a Level 3 financial liability, which is measured on a recurring basis (in thousands): December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Beginning balance $ — $ 437 $ 145 Issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants — — 307 Change in fair value recorded in other income, net — (372) (15) Reclassification to additional paid-in capital — (65) — Ending balance $ — $ — $ 437 The key assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for the valuation of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants were: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Expected volatility — % 42.4 – 52.0 % 43.6 – 52.9 % Risk-free interest rate — % 1.22 – 1.86 % 1.76 – 2.27 % Expected term (in years) — 4 – 9 5 – 10 Exercise price $ — $ $ Dividend yield — % — % — % Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation begins at the time the asset is placed in service. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives of the assets: Useful Lives Computer and network equipment 2 years Manufacturing equipment 2 – 7 years Furniture and fixtures 7 years Software 3 years Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or useful life. Upon sale or retirement of assets, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the balance sheet and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations. Amortization expense of assets acquired through capital leases is included in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Impairment of Long-lived Assets The Company evaluates its long-lived assets, including property and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of each asset to the future undiscounted cash flows the asset is expected to generate over its remaining life. If the asset is considered to be impaired, the amount of any impairment is measured as the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the impaired asset. There have been no impairments of the Company’s long-lived assets during any of the periods presented. Intangible Assets Intangible assets consist of the cost of acquired technology for use in research and development activities. Costs associated with patent applications, patent prosecution, patent defense and maintenance of patents are charged to expense as incurred. Intangible assets were fully amortized as of December 31, 2016. Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liability Warrants for shares that were contingently redeemable were classified as liabilities on the balance sheet at their estimated fair value because the shares underlying the warrants may have obligated the Company to transfer assets to the holders at a future date under certain circumstances such as a deemed liquidation event. The warrants were subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date and the change in fair value, if any, was recognized as other income, net in the statements of operations. The Company adjusted the liability for changes in fair value until the completion of the IPO in October 2016, at which time all redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants were converted into warrants to purchase common stock and the liability was reclassified to additional paid-in capital and no longer subject to remeasurement. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue when the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; the price is fixed or determinable; delivery has occurred and title passed; and collectibility is reasonably assured. For sales to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and contract manufacturers, this occurs generally upon shipment. Provisions for product returns and allowances are recorded in the same period as related revenues. The Company analyzes historical returns, current economic trends and changes in customer demand and acceptance of product when evaluating the adequacy of sales returns and other allowances, which are netted against accounts receivable, as these are processed as credits against future purchases or balances outstanding. The Company sells the majority of its products to its distributors at a uniform list price. However, distributors resell the Company’s products to end customers at a very broad range of individually negotiated price points. Distributors are provided with price concessions subsequent to delivery of product to them depending on their end customer and sales price. These concessions are based on a variety of factors, including customer, product, quantity, geography and competitive differentiation. Price protection rights grant distributors the right to a credit in the event of declines in the price of the Company’s products. Under these circumstances, the Company remits back to the distributor a portion of their original purchase price after the resale transaction is completed in the form of a credit against the distributors’ outstanding accounts receivable balance. The credits are on a per unit basis and are not given to the distributor until the distributor provides information regarding the sale to their end customer. Revenue on shipments to distributors is deferred as the price is not fixed or determinable until delivery has been made by the distributor to its customer and the final sales price has been established. At the time of shipment to distributors, the Company records a trade receivable for the selling price as there is a legally enforceable obligation of the distributor to pay for the product delivered, inventory is reduced by the carrying value of goods shipped, and the net of these amounts, the gross profit, is recorded as deferred income on shipments to distributors on the balance sheet. The amount of gross profit that will be ultimately recognized in the statements of operations on such sales could be lower than the deferred income recorded on the balance sheets as a result of credits granted to distributors from the price protection rights. The Company is unable to estimate the credits to the distributors due to the wide variability of negotiated price concessions granted to them. Thus, a portion of the “deferred income on shipments to distributors” balance represents the amount of distributors’ original purchase price that will be credited back to the distributor in the future. The wide range and variability of negotiated price concessions granted to distributors does not allow the Company to accurately estimate the portion of the balance in the deferred income on shipments to distributor accounts that will be credited back to the distributor. Therefore, the Company does not reduce deferred income on shipments to distributors or accounts receivable by anticipated future price concessions rather, price concessions are recorded against deferred income on shipments to distributors when incurred, which is generally at the time the distributor sells the product. At December 31, 2017, the Company had $2.6 million of deferred revenue and $0.9 million of deferred cost of sales recognized as $1.7 million of deferred income on shipments to distributors. At December 31, 2016, the Company had $2.9 million of deferred revenue and $1.1 million of deferred cost of sales recognized as $1.8 million of deferred income on shipments to distributors. Products returned by distributors and subsequently scrapped have historically been immaterial to the Company’s results of operations. The Company routinely evaluates the risk of impairment of the deferred cost of sales component of the deferred income on shipments to distributors account. Because of the historically immaterial amounts of inventory that have been scrapped, and historically rare instances where discounts given to a distributor result in a price less than our cost, the Company believes the deferred costs are recorded at their approximate carrying values. For licenses of technology, recognition of revenue is dependent upon whether the Company delivered rights to the technology, and whether there are future performance obligations. In some instances, the license agreements call for future milestones to be met for amounts to be due from the customer. In such scenarios, revenue is recognized using the milestone method, whereby revenue is recognized upon the completion of substantive milestones once the customers acknowledge the milestones have been met and the collection of the amounts are reasonably assured. Royalties received are recognized when reported to the Company, which generally coincides with the receipt of payment. Product Warranty The Company generally sells products with a limited warranty of product quality and a limited indemnification of customers against intellectual property infringement claims related to the Company’s products. The Company accrues for known warranty and indemnification issues if a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated, and accrues for estimated losses incurred for unidentified issues based on historical experience. A warranty liability was not recorded at December 31, 2017 and 2016, as the estimated future warranty costs were insignificant based on the Company’s historical experience. Research and Development Research and development expenses are incurred in support of internal development programs or as part of our joint development agreement with GLOBALFOUNDRIES (see Note 9). Research and development expenses include personnel-related costs (including stock-based compensation), circuit design costs, purchases of materials and laboratory supplies, fabrication and packaging of experimental integrated circuit products, depreciation of research and development related capital equipment and overhead, and are expensed as incurred. Stock-based Compensation Stock-based compensation arrangements include stock option grants and restricted stock unit (RSU) awards under our equity incentive plans, as well as shares issued under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP), through which employees may purchase our common stock at a discount to the market price. The Company measures its stock-based awards made to employees based on the estimated fair value of the awards as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period using the straight-line method. The Company has made an accounting policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur, rather than estimating expected forfeitures at the time of the grant. Stock-based compensation expense for options granted to non-employees as consideration for services received is measured on the date of performance at the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, whichever can be more reliably measured. Compensation expense for options granted to non-employees is periodically remeasured as the underlying options vest. Income Taxes The Company uses the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and the tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company must then assess the likelihood that the resulting deferred tax assets will be realized. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. Due to the Company’s lack of earnings history, the net deferred tax assets have been fully offset by a valuation allowance. The Company recognizes benefits of uncertain tax positions if it is more likely than not that such positions will be sustained upon examination based solely on their technical merits, as the largest amount of benefit that is more likely than not to be realized upon the ultimate settlement. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to the underpayment of income taxes as a component of income tax expense or benefit. To date, there have been no interest or penalties charged in relation to the unrecognized tax benefits. The SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SAB 118) to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (2017 Tax Act). SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the 2017 Tax Act enactment date for companies to complete the accounting for the income tax effects of certain elements of the 2017 Tax Act. In accordance with SAB 118, the Company has recognized the provisional tax impacts related to the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities and included these amounts in its financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017. The ultimate impact may differ from these provisional amounts, possibly materially, due to, among other things, additional analysis, changes in interpretations and assumptions the Company has made, additional regulatory guidance that may be issued, and actions the Company may take as a result of the 2017 Tax Act. See Note 11 for additional discussion on the provisional effects of the 2017 Tax Act. Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss represents all changes in stockholders’ equity (deficit) except those resulting from and distributions to stockholders. The Company’s comprehensive loss was equal to its net loss for all periods presented. Net Loss per Common Share Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period less shares subject to repurchase, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per common share since the effect of potentially dilutive securities is anti-dilutive. Recently Issued Pronouncements In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014‑09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Areas of revenue recognition that will be affected include, but are not limited to, transfer of control, variable consideration, allocation of transfer pricing, licenses, time value of money, contract costs and disclosures. The new standard permits adoption either by using (i) a full retrospective approach for all periods presented in the period of adoption or (ii) a modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard recognized at the date of initial application and providing certain additional disclosures. The new standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. As described in the Company's significant accounting policies, the Company currently defers the revenue and cost of sales on shipments to distributors until the distributor sells the product to their end customer. The Company plans to adopt ASU 2014-09 and its amendments on January 1, 2018 under the modified retrospective approach, applying the amendments to prospective reporting periods. Upon adoption, the Company expects a material impact to the opening balance sheet as of January 1, 2018, related to the cumulative effect of adopting the standard, primarily as a result of the items discussed below. The Company will continue to assess and complete the review of all potential impacts of the standard including the tax related impact. The most significantly impacted areas are the following: · Distributor sales: Under ASU 2014-09, the Company will recognize revenue from sales to distributors upon delivery of the product to the distributor, rather than upon delivery of the product to the end customer. At December 31, 2017, the deferred income on shipments to distributors under Topic 605 related to shipments to distributors that had not sold through to end-users is $1.7 million. Concessions and price protection credits offered to distributors, which are earned when sales to end customers are completed, will be estimated at the point of revenue recognition and impact is estimated to be $200,000 to $400,000 as of December 31, 2017 and will be a direct offset to the deferred income mentioned above. Since the Company will recognize revenue when control of the products transfer to the distributor under ASU 2014-09, the majority of this amount will be eliminated as a cumulative effect adjustment of implementing ASU 2014-09 as of January 1, 2018, net of the Company’s estimate of such concessions and price protection. · Product delivered over time: Under ASU 2014-09, Topic 605 permitted straight-line recognition of revenue for performance obligations that are delivered over time. The new standard requires an entity to recognize revenue based on the pattern of transfer of the services. The Company is expecting a minimal impact upon adoption. The Company does not expect the changes described above to have a material impact on its quarterly and/or annual statement of operations, however the exact impact of ASU 2014-09 will be dependent on facts and circumstances that could vary from quarter to quarter. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Scope of Modification Accounting, which is intended to amend the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment arrangements. The amendments in the update provide guidance on types of changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards that would require the Company to apply modification accounting under ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is permitted. The Company plans on adopting this standard on January 1, 2018, and the impact of its adoption on the Company’s financial statements is not expected to be material. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016‑02, Leases, which establishes a comprehensive new lease accounting model. The new standard: (a) clarifies the definition of a lease; (b) requires a dual approach to lease classification similar to current lease classifications; and (c) causes lessees to recognize leases on the balance sheet as a lease liability with a corresponding right-of-use asset for leases with a lease-term of more than twelve months. This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2016‑02 will have on its financial statements and related disclosures. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016‑13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), which is intended to provide financial statement users with more useful information about expected credit losses on financial assets held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. The new standard replaces the existing incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology that requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable forward-looking information to estimate all expected credit losses. The amended guidance is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2019, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2016‑13 will have on its financial statements and related disclosures. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. ASU 2016-15 identifies how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the Statement of Cash Flows. The standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The standard should be applied retrospectively and early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company plans on adopting this standard on January 1, 2018, and the impact of its adoption on the Company’s financial statements is not expected to be material. Recently Adopted Pronouncements In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015‑11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, which requires an entity to measure in scope inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2017, and the impact of its adoption on the Company’s financial statements was not material. In November 2015, FASB issued ASU No. 2015‑17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, which is intended to simplify and improve how deferred taxes are classified on the balance sheet. The guidance in this ASU eliminates the current requirement to present deferred tax assets and liabilities as current and noncurrent in a classified balance sheet and now requires entities to classify all deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and for interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2017, and the impact of its adoption on the Company’s financial statements was not material. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016‑09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which is intended to simplify several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, the determination of forfeiture rates, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2016, and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2017, and the impact of its adoption on the Company’s financial statements was not material. |