| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regarding interim financial reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by GAAP have been condensed or omitted, and accordingly the balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited interim condensed financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the Company’s annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that are necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial information. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018 or for any other interim period or for any other future year.
The accompanying condensed financial statements and related financial information should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2017, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the condensed financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, fair value of assets and liabilities, inventory, income taxes, and stock-based compensation. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.
Accounts receivable, net
The Company estimates credits to distributors based on the historical rate of credits provided to distributors relative to sales. At September 30, 2018, the allowance for product returns and the allowance for price concessions were $230,000 and $362,000, respectively. At December 31, 2017, the allowance for product returns and the allowance for price concessions were $147,000 and $0, respectively.
Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30,
December 31,
2018
2017
Trade accounts receivable
$
5,687
$
4,188
Unbilled accounts receivable
487
—
Allowance for accounts receivable
(592)
(147)
Accounts receivable, net
$
5,582
$
4,041
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents that are held by a financial institution in the United States and accounts receivable. Amounts on deposit with a financial institution may at times exceed federally insured limits. The Company maintains its cash accounts with high credit quality financial institutions and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to the financial institutions.
Significant customers are those which represent more than 10% of the Company’s total revenue or net accounts receivable balance at each respective balance sheet date. For the purposes of this disclosure, the Company defines “customer” as the entity that is purchasing the products or licenses directly from the Company, which includes the distributors of the Company’s products in addition to end customers that the Company sells to directly. For each significant customer, revenue as a percentage of total revenue and accounts receivable as a percentage of total accounts receivable, net are as follows:
Revenue
Revenue
Accounts Receivable, net
Three Months Ended
Nine Months Ended
As of
As of
September 30,
September 30,
September 30,
December 31,
Customers
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
Customer A
13
%
*
13
%
*
*
11
%
Customer B
13
%
16
%
13
%
14
%
*
*
Customer C
10
%
18
%
*
17
%
*
*
Customer D
10
%
*
*
*
11
%
*
Customer E
*
*
14
%
*
*
*
Customer F
*
*
*
*
17
%
*
Customer G
*
*
*
*
12
%
*
Customer H
*
*
*
*
*
15
%
Customer I
*
*
*
10
%
*
10
%
*
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company discloses and recognizes the fair value of its assets and liabilities using a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to valuations based upon unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to valuations based upon unobservable inputs that are significant to the valuation (Level 3 measurements). The guidance establishes three levels of the fair value hierarchy as follows:
Level 1—Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.
Level 2—Inputs (other than quoted market prices included in Level 1) are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life.
Level 3—Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model.
The carrying value of accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other accruals readily convertible into cash approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of the instruments. As of September 30, 2018, based on Level 2 inputs and the borrowing rates available to the Company for loans with similar terms and consideration of the Company’s credit risk, the carrying value of the Company’s variable interest rate debt, excluding unamortized debt issuance costs, approximates fair value. The Company’s financial instruments consist of Level 1 assets. Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified as Level 1. Level 1 assets consist of highly liquid money market funds that are included in cash equivalents.
The following tables sets forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
September 30, 2018
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
Assets:
Money market funds
$
31,683
$
—
$
—
$
31,683
Total assets measured at fair value
$
31,683
$
—
$
—
$
31,683
December 31, 2017
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
Assets:
Money market funds
$
13,369
$
—
$
—
$
13,369
Total assets measured at fair value
$
13,369
$
—
$
—
$
13,369
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue when a customer obtains control of the promised products or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. Revenue is recognized net of allowances for returns and price concessions, and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.
Nature of Products and Services
The Company’s revenue is derived from the sale of MRAM-based products in discrete unit form, licenses of and royalties on its MRAM and magnetic sensor technology, the sale of backend foundry services and design services to third parties. Sales of products in discrete unit form are recognized at a point in time, revenue related to licensing agreements is recognized when the Company has delivered control of the technology, revenue related to royalty agreements is recognized in the period in which sales generated from products sold using the Company’s technology occurs, sales of backend foundry services are recognized over time, and design services to third parties are recognized either at a point in time or over time, depending on the nature of the services.
Product Revenue
For products sold in their discrete form, the Company either sells its products directly to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), original design manufacturers (ODMs) and contract manufacturers (CMs), or through a network of distributors, who in turn sell to those customers. For sales directly to OEMs, ODMs and CMs, revenue is recognized when the OEM, ODM or CM obtains control of the product, which occurs at a point in time, generally upon shipment to the customer.
The Company sells the majority of its products to its distributors at a uniform list price. However, distributors may resell the Company’s products to end customers at a very broad range of individually negotiated price points. Distributors are provided with price concessions subsequent to the delivery of product to them and such amounts are dependent on the end customer and product sales price. The price concessions are based on a variety of factors, including customer, product, quantity, geography and competitive differentiation. Price protection rights grant distributors the right to a credit in the event of declines in the price of the Company’s products. Under these circumstances, the Company remits back to the distributor a portion of their original purchase price after the resale transaction is completed in the form of a credit against the distributors’ outstanding accounts receivable balance. The credits are on a per unit basis and are not given to the distributor until the distributor provides information regarding the sale to their end customer. The Company estimates these credits and records such estimates in the same period the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and the establishment of an allowance for price concessions due to distributors. The Company estimates credits to distributors based on the historical rate of credits provided to distributors relative to sales. Revenue on shipments to distributors is recorded when control of the products has been transferred to the distributor.
The Company estimates the amount of its product sales that may be returned by its customers and records this estimate as a reduction of revenue in the period the related product revenue is recognized. The Company estimates its product return liability by analyzing its historical returns, current economic trends and changes in customer demand and acceptance of products. The Company has received insignificant returns to date and believes that returns of its products will continue to be minimal.
At the time of shipment to distributors, the Company records a trade receivable for the selling price as there is a legally enforceable obligation of the distributor to pay for the product delivered, an allowance is recorded for the estimated discount that will be provided to the distributor, and the net of these amounts is recorded as revenue on the statement of operations.
License Revenue
For licenses of technology, recognition of revenue is dependent upon whether the Company has delivered rights to the technology, and whether there are future performance obligations under the contract. In some instances, the license agreements call for future events or activities to occur in order for milestones amounts to become due from the customer. The terms of such agreements include payment to the Company of one or more of the following: non-refundable upfront fees; and royalties on net sales of licensed products. Historically, these license agreements have not included other future performance obligations for the Company once the license has been transferred to the customer.
The transaction price in each agreement is allocated to the identified performance obligations based on the standalone selling price (SSP) of each distinct performance obligation. Judgment is required to determine SSP. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as when a license or service is not sold separately, SSP is determined using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs.
Revenue from non-refundable up-front payments is recognized when the license is transferred to the customer and the Company has no other performance obligations.
Royalties
Revenue from sales-based royalties from licenses of the Company’s technology are recognized at the later of when (1) the sale occurs or (2) the performance obligation to which some or all of the sales-based royalty has been allocated is satisfied (in whole or in part).
Other Revenue
For certain revenue streams, the Company recognizes revenue based on the pattern of transfer of the services. The Company uses the input method of measuring costs incurred to date compared to total estimated costs to be incurred under the contract as this method most faithfully depicts its performance. The Company will record an unbilled receivable (within accounts receivable, net) for the portion of the work that has been completed but not invoiced at the end of each reporting period.
Revenue from milestone payments must be estimated using either the expected value method or the most likely amount method. At the inception of each agreement that includes milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being reached and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price by using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the probability or achievement of each such milestone and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment.
Net Loss per Common Share
Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period, less shares subject to repurchase, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per common share since the effect of potentially dilutive securities is anti-dilutive.
Prior Period Reclassifications
Certain amounts in the prior period have been reclassified to conform with current period presentation. There was no impact on total revenue or net loss for the prior period.
Recently Adopted Pronouncements
ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). Areas of revenue recognition that will be affected include, but are not limited to, transfer of control, variable consideration, allocation of transfer pricing, licenses, time value of money, contract costs and disclosures. The new standard permits adoption either by using (i) a full retrospective approach for all periods presented in the period of adoption or (ii) a modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard recognized at the date of initial application and providing certain additional disclosures. The new standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. The Company recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of its accumulated deficit. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods.
Topic 606 permits the application of certain practical expedients. The Company’s billing practices approximate the Company’s performance as measured by an output method, where each output represents the completion of a performance obligation. Accordingly, the Company utilizes the invoice practical expedient as defined in Topic 606, resulting in recognition of revenue in the amount that the Company has the right to invoice.
The Company incurs direct and incremental costs of obtaining contracts and such costs are expensed as incurred, as the life of the underlying contract is less than one year. Accordingly, the Company has concluded, based on the structure of its contracts, no adjustments are necessary under Topic 606.
As a result of the adoption of the new standard, the Company changed its accounting policy for revenue recognition and the details of the significant changes and quantitative impact of the changes are disclosed below.
Distributor sales - Some of the Company's contracts with distributors provide the distributor with certain concessions and price protection credits. Under Topic 605, Revenue, these concessions and price protection credits were not fixed or determinable and, as a result, the associated revenue was deferred until delivery of the product to the end customer. At the time of shipment to distributors, the Company recorded a trade receivable for the selling price as there was a legally enforceable obligation of the distributor to pay for the product delivered, inventory was reduced by the carrying value of goods shipped, and the net of these amounts, the gross profit, was recorded as deferred income on shipments to distributors on the balance sheet. Under Topic 606, the Company recognizes revenue from sales to distributors upon delivery of the product to the distributor and estimates the amount of the concessions and price protection credits at the point of revenue recognition. Accordingly, the balance of the deferred income on shipments to distributors was eliminated as a cumulative effect adjustment of implementing Topic 606 as of January 1, 2018, net of the Company’s estimate of concessions and price protection credits for those contracts.
Performance obligations delivered over time –Topic 605 permitted straight-line recognition of revenue for performance obligations that were delivered over time. The new revenue standard requires an entity to recognize revenue based on the pattern of transfer of the services. Entities must use either an input method or an output method to measure progress toward complete satisfaction of a performance obligation. The Company determined that the input method of measuring costs incurred to date compared to total estimated costs to be incurred under the contract most faithfully depicts its performance. Under Topic 606, the Company will record an unbilled receivable (within accounts receivable, net) for the portion of the service that has been completed but not invoiced at the end of each reporting period.
Milestone payments – Topic 605 permitted recognition using the milestone method, whereby revenue was recognized upon the completion of substantive milestones once the customers acknowledge the milestones have been met and the collection of the amounts is reasonably assured. The milestone method no longer exists under the new revenue standard. Revenue from milestone payments must be estimated using either the expected value method or the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. The adoption of Topic 606 did not have an impact on milestone revenue recorded to date as the performance obligations related to such milestones were completed as of the adoption date.
Sales-based royalties – Topic 605 permitted recognition of royalties when reported to the Company, which generally coincided with the receipt of payment. Under the new revenue standard, revenue generated from sales-based royalties from licenses of technology are recognized at the later of when (1) the sale occurs or (2) the performance obligation to which some or all of the sales-based royalty has been allocated is satisfied (in whole or in part).
The change in revenue recognition upon adoption of Topic 606 resulted in a decrease in the accumulated deficit balance of $1.3 million on January 1, 2018.
The following table summarizes the impact of adopting Topic 606 on select unaudited condensed balance sheet line items (in thousands):
Balances without
the adoption of
September 30, 2018
As reported
Adjustments
Topic 606
Accounts receivable, net
$
5,582
$
(630)
$
4,952
Inventory
9,482
58
9,540
Total current assets
46,938
(572)
46,366
Total assets
51,449
(572)
50,877
Deferred income on shipments to distributors
—
2,917
2,917
Total current liabilities
15,907
2,917
18,824
Total liabilities
23,835
2,917
26,752
Accumulated deficit
(130,513)
(3,489)
(134,002)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
51,449
(572)
50,877
The following table summarizes the impact of adopting Topic 606 on select unaudited condensed statement of operations line items (in thousands, except per share data):
Balances without
the adoption of
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
As reported
Adjustments
Topic 606
Product sales
$
10,469
$
(1,330)
$
9,139
Licensing, royalty, and other revenue
1,049
(72)
977
Total revenue
11,518
(1,402)
10,116
Cost of sales
6,109
(541)
5,568
Gross profit
5,409
(861)
4,548
Loss from operations
(5,539)
(861)
(6,400)
Net loss and comprehensive loss
(5,629)
(861)
(6,490)
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted
(0.33)
(0.05)
(0.38)
Balances without
the adoption of
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
As reported
Adjustments
Topic 606
Product sales
$
29,283
$
(2,748)
$
26,535
Licensing, royalty, and other revenue
7,853
(169)
7,684
Total revenue
37,136
(2,917)
34,219
Cost of sales
17,235
(728)
16,507
Gross profit
19,901
(2,189)
17,712
Loss from operations
(13,927)
(2,189)
(16,116)
Net loss and comprehensive loss
(14,274)
(2,189)
(16,463)
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted
(0.88)
(0.14)
(1.02)
The following table summarizes the impact of adopting Topic 606 on select unaudited condensed statement of cash flows line items (in thousands):
Balances without
the adoption of
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
As reported
Adjustments
Topic 606
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss
$
(14,274)
$
(2,189)
$
(16,463)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Accounts receivable
(1,876)
965
(911)
Inventory
309
(12)
297
Shipping term reversal
(39)
1,236
1,197
ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Scope of Modification Accounting, which is intended to amend the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment arrangements. The amendments in the update provide guidance on types of changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards that would require the Company to apply modification accounting under ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption was permitted. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018, and the impact of its adoption on the Company’s financial statements was not material.
ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. ASU 2016-15 identifies how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the Statement of Cash Flows. The standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The standard should be applied retrospectively and early adoption was permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018, and the impact of its adoption on the Company’s financial statements was not material.
Recently Issued Pronouncements
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016‑02, Leases, which establishes a comprehensive new lease accounting model. The new standard: (a) clarifies the definition of a lease; (b) requires a dual approach to lease classification similar to current lease classifications; and (c) causes lessees to recognize leases on the balance sheet as a lease liability with a corresponding right-of-use asset for leases with a lease-term of more than twelve months. This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2018. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842 Leases and ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842) Targeted Improvements. ASU 2018-10 clarifies how to apply certain aspects of ASU 2016-02. ASU 2018-11 provides entities with an additional transition method to adopt Topic 842. Under the new transition method, an entity initially applies the new leases standard at the adoption date, versus at the beginning of the earliest period presented, and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU No. 2016‑02 will have on its financial statements and related disclosures along with ASU 2018-10 and ASU 2018-11.
In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. ASU 2018-07 is intended to reduce the cost and complexity and to improve financial reporting for nonemployee share-based payments. The ASU expands the scope of Topic 718, (which currently only includes share-based payments to employees) to include share-based payments issued to nonemployees for goods or services. Consequently, the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees and employees will be substantially aligned. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than a company’s adoption date of Topic 606. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2018-07 will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.
In August 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) adopted the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-10532, Disclosure Update and Simplification, amending certain disclosure requirements that were redundant, duplicative, overlapping, outdated or superseded. In addition, the amendments expanded the disclosure requirements on the analysis of stockholders' equity for interim financial statements. Under the amendments, an analysis of changes in each caption of stockholders' equity presented in the balance sheet must be provided in a note or separate statement. The analysis should present a reconciliation of the beginning balance to the ending balance of each period for which a statement of comprehensive income is required to be filed. This final rule is effective on November 5, 2018; however, in light of the proximity of the effective date to the filing date for most filers’ quarterly reports, the SEC will allow a filer’s first presentation of the changes in stockholders’ equity to be included in its Form 10-Q for the quarter that begins after the effective date. The Company will begin to present a statement of changes in stockholders’ equity in its quarterly financial statements beginning on January 1, 2019. |
