Collaboration Agreements | 9 Months Ended |
Sep. 30, 2014 |
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] | ' |
Collaboration Agreements | ' |
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5. Collaboration Agreements |
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Celgene |
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In April 2010, the Company entered into a collaboration agreement focused on cancer metabolism with Celgene, a related party through ownership of the Company’s common stock. The agreement was amended in October 2011 and in July 2014, as described below. The goal of the collaboration is to discover, develop and commercialize disease-altering therapies in oncology based on the Company’s cancer metabolism research platform. The Company is leading discovery, preclinical and early clinical development for all cancer metabolism programs under the collaboration. The discovery phase of the amended collaboration was to expire in April 2014, subject to Celgene’s option to extend the discovery phase for up to an additional two years with additional funding to the Company. In December 2013, Celgene elected to extend the term of the initial discovery phase from four years to five years, to April 2015. Celgene has the ability to extend the term of the discovery phase for one additional year to April 2016 for the payment of a $20.0 million extension fee. |
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Pursuant to the collaboration agreement and subsequent amendments, the Company was responsible for nominating development candidates, of which two required confirmation by the Joint Research Committee (“JRC”) during the discovery phase. During the year ended December 31, 2012 the Company nominated its first development candidate and during the year ended December 31, 2013 the Company nominated its second development candidate, both of which have been confirmed by the JRC pursuant to the agreement. For each development candidate, Celgene elected to progress such development candidate into preclinical development requiring the Company to conduct studies to meet the requirements for filing an Investigational New Drug application (“IND”), or IND-enabling studies. Subsequently, the Company was required to file INDs for each development candidate and, upon the FDA’s acceptance of the INDs, Celgene requested that the Company conduct initial phase 1 studies. |
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Celgene may elect to convert each discovery program for which the Company has nominated a development candidate into a co-commercialized licensed program, the attributes of which are described below. The Company has the right, exercisable during a specified period following FDA acceptance of the applicable IND, to convert one of every three co-commercialized licensed programs into a split licensed program, for which the Company will retain the United States rights, other attributes of which are further described below. In June 2014, Celgene exercised its option to an exclusive global license for the development and commercialization of the Company’s isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (“IDH2”) program, AG-221. The Company elected to retain U.S. rights to its isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (“IDH1”) program, AG-120, in January 2014. If Celgene exercises its rights to this program, the program will become a split licensed program. In addition, Celgene may license certain discovery programs that the Company does not nominate or the JRC does not confirm as a development candidate and for which Celgene will lead and fund global development and commercialization. |
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The Company will retain the rights to development candidates and certain other compounds that Celgene does not elect to progress into preclinical development or convert into a co-commercialized licensed program. In addition, if the JRC or Celgene elects not to continue collaboration activities with respect to a particular target, either the Company or Celgene would have the right to independently undertake a discovery program on such target and would have rights to specified compounds from such program, subject to certain “buy-in” rights granted to the other party. |
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The agreement provides for three types of licensed programs as discussed above: |
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Co-Commercialized Licensed Programs: Celgene will lead and, following either IND acceptance by the FDA or, if Celgene requests the Company to conduct the initial phase 1 study upon completion of such phase 1 study, will fund global development and commercialization. The Company has the right to participate in a portion of sales activities in the United States for products from co-commercialized programs in accordance with the applicable commercialization plan. The Company will be eligible to receive milestone payments and royalties arising from the licensed program. |
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Split Licensed Programs: Celgene will lead development and commercialization outside the United States and the Company will lead development and commercialization in the United States. The Company and Celgene will equally fund the global development costs of each split licensed program that are not specific to any particular region or country, Celgene will be responsible for development and commercialization costs specific to countries outside the United States, and the Company will be responsible for development and commercialization costs specific to the United States. The Company will retain profits generated in the United States and will also be eligible to receive milestone payments and royalties arising from net sales outside the United States. The Company will be obligated to pay Celgene royalties arising from net sales in the United States. |
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Buy-In Programs: If a party elects to independently undertake a discovery program, with respect to a particular target under the agreement, the party that is conducting the independent program that becomes a buy-in program will lead the development and commercialization of such program. The party that elects to buy in to such program will be responsible for funding a portion of development costs incurred after acceptance of an IND for a buy-in program compound, and the lead party will be responsible for all other development costs and all commercialization costs for products from such buy-in program. The commercializing party will be obligated to pay the buy-in party specified royalties on worldwide net sales. |
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The term of the agreement will continue, unless earlier terminated by either party, until the expiration of the last-to-expire of all royalty terms with respect to all royalty-bearing products. Celgene may terminate the agreement for convenience in its entirety or with respect to one or more programs upon thirty days written notice to the Company. Either the Company or Celgene may terminate the agreement in its entirety or with respect to one or more programs, if the other party is in material breach and fails to cure such breach within the specified cure period; however, if such breach relates solely to a specific program, the non-breaching party may only terminate the agreement with respect to such program. Either the Company or Celgene may terminate the agreement in the event of specified insolvency events involving the other party. |
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Under the terms of the agreement, the Company received an upfront payment of approximately $121.2 million. In addition, Celgene purchased 5,190,551 shares of Series B convertible preferred stock (“Series B Preferred Stock”) at a price of $1.70 per share, resulting in net proceeds to the Company of approximately $8.8 million. The Company determined the price paid by Celgene for the Series B Preferred Stock represented a premium over the fair value of the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock as determined by the implied value of the Series B Preferred Stock pursuant to a contemporaneous valuation analysis that allocated the equity value of the Company to the various classes of its then-outstanding securities. The Company accounted for the $3.1 million premium as additional consideration under the agreement and the Series B Preferred Stock was recorded at its fair value of $5.7 million. In connection with the 1-for-2.75 reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock, the shares of Series B Preferred Stock converted into 1,887,473 shares of common stock upon the closing of the Initial Public Offering in July 2013. |
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In October 2011, the agreement was amended to extend the term of the initial discovery period from three to four years, to April 2014. The amendment was not deemed to be a material modification to the arrangement, pursuant to ASU No. 2009-13, since there were no changes in the deliverables or the total arrangement consideration, as the provisions of the original agreement provided Celgene with the option to extend the research period for the same consideration. Celgene made a payment to the Company of $20.0 million pursuant to the amendment. The payment was combined with the unamortized upfront payment and premium and was recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the estimated performance period prior to the July 2014 amendment described below. |
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In December 2013, Celgene elected to extend the term of the initial discovery period from four to five years, to April 2015. As a result of the extension, the Company received a $20.0 million extension payment from Celgene in May 2014. The payment was combined with the unamortized upfront payment, premium, and prior extension payment and was being recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the estimated performance period prior to the July 2014 amendment described below. The Company is also eligible to receive an additional $20.0 million extension payment in the event Celgene elects to extend the discovery phase until April 2016. |
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In July 2014, the Company amended the collaboration agreement to allow for more flexibility in the design and conduct of phase 1 clinical trials and additional nonclinical and/or clinical activities that the Company agrees to perform at Celgene’s request. The amendment further modifies the mechanism and timing for payments to be made with respect to such development activities. The amendment was determined to be a material modification pursuant to ASU No. 2009-13, due to a change in the total potential consideration that was more than insignificant and changes to certain of the deliverables in the arrangement. The amendment impacts the co-commercialized and split licensed programs as follows: |
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| • | | Co-commercialized licensed programs: The amendment modifies the timing and nature of the consideration for the development efforts related to an initial phase 1 study from a milestone due at the completion of the study to payments due upon the earlier of the determination of the maximum tolerated dose or Celgene’s election to license the program. |
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| • | | Split licensed programs: The amendment allows for the Company to receive reimbursement for costs and expenses it incurs for any disease-specific expansion cohort within a phase 1 clinical trial design, provided that the disease-specific expansion cohort supports the initiation of a subsequent pivotal clinical trial. The milestone reimbursement is the lesser of fifty percent of the costs incurred by the Company for disease specific cohorts and $10 million and is payable upon the first patient dosed within the corresponding pivotal trial. |
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Prior to the amendment, the Company concluded that none of the identified deliverables had stand-alone value and, therefore, accounted for the deliverables as a single unit of accounting. The Company further concluded it was unable to estimate the fair value of the undelivered items within the agreement. Consideration received was recognized on a straight-line basis through the period over which the Company expected to fulfill its performance obligations (the performance period), which was initially determined to be 6 years. |
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Upon concluding the arrangement had been materially modified in July 2014, the Company identified the remaining deliverables under the arrangement and determined its best estimate of selling price for the undelivered elements as of the modification date. The Company then allocated the total arrangement consideration, which included the remaining deferred revenue balance at the modification date and other consideration that was deemed to be determinable at the modification date, to each unit of accounting based on its best estimate of selling price. The difference between the total allocable consideration and the best estimate of selling price of the undelivered items was recorded as revenue at the modification date. The undelivered items, which are each considered by the Company to have stand-alone value and therefore are separate units of accounting, the related best estimate of selling price, and the method of recognizing the allocated consideration, for each unit of accounting are as follows: |
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| • | | License for the split licensed program – AG-120: The Company developed the best estimate of selling price of the license by probability weighting multiple cash flow scenarios using the income approach. Management estimates within the models include the expected, probability-weighted net profits from estimated future sales, an estimated royalty rate using comparable industry royalty agreements, an estimate of the direct cost incurred to generate future cash flows, a discount rate, an estimated contributory asset charge rate to reflect the cost associated with the use of other assets to generate the cash flow, an estimated income tax rate and other business forecast factors. There are significant judgments and estimates inherent in the determination of the best estimate of selling price of this unit of accounting. These judgments and estimates include assumptions regarding future operating performance, the timelines of the clinical trials and regulatory approvals and the estimated patient populations. Should different reasonable assumptions be utilized, the best estimate of selling price and the associated revenues recognized would be different. Based on the analysis using management’s best estimate, the Company allocated $21.2 million to the license and will recognize revenue upon Celgene’s election to exercise its option to the split licensed program – AG-120. The Company will immediately recognize the allocated consideration received to date on the exercise date; however, the Company is unable to determine when Celgene will elect to exercise its option to obtain the license. |
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| • | | Development services for five separate on-going phase 1 studies (each of which is a separate unit of accounting): The Company developed the best estimate of selling price of the on-going phase 1 study development services of $50.8 million for all five studies using management’s best estimate of the cost of obtaining these services from a third-party provider. The estimated costs were determined to represent management’s best estimate of the price these services could be sold for separately, as well as internal full time equivalent costs to support the development services. The amount allocated to these units of accounting will be recognized as revenue on a proportional performance basis as services are provided. The Company expects the performance period for these units of accounting to be delivered through the second quarter of 2016. |
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| • | | On-going research and development: The Company developed the best estimate of selling price of the research and development services of $13.6 million using management’s best estimate of the cost of obtaining these services from a third-party provider. The amount allocated to this unit of accounting will be recognized as revenue ratably over the performance period. The performance period has been determined to be through April 2015. |
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| • | | Committee participation: The Company developed the best estimate of selling price of the committee participation services of $0.2 million using management’s best estimate of the anticipated participation hours multiplied by a market rate for comparable participants. The amount allocated to this unit of accounting will be recognized as revenue ratably over the performance period. The performance period has been determined to be through April 2015. |
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The allocable consideration will increase as the Company performs certain services for which it is eligible to receive additional consideration. These amounts will be recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis for any in-process units of accounting or immediately for any fully delivered units of accounting. |
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For the period January 1, 2014 through the amendment date, the Company recognized a total of $42.7 million in revenues under the previous accounting guidance and upon the modification. The Company recognized $8.0 million in revenues subsequent to the modification date. The Company recognized total revenues of $33.9 million and $50.7 million in connection with the Celgene collaboration during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively. In determining the current and noncurrent classification of deferred revenue, the Company considers the total consideration expected to be earned in the next twelve months for services to be performed under certain units of accounting and the estimated proportional performance and timing of delivery of certain deliverables to determine the deferred revenue balance that will remain twelve months from the balance sheet date. |
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The Company recorded revenue of approximately $6.3 million and $18.8 million in connection with the Celgene collaboration during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. |
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Under the arrangement, the Company is eligible to receive up to $120.0 million in potential milestone payments payable for each program selected by Celgene. The potential milestone payments for each such program are comprised of: (i) a $25.0 million milestone payment upon achievement of a specified clinical development milestone event, (ii) up to $70.0 million in milestone payments upon achievement of specified regulatory milestone events, and (iii) a $25.0 million milestone payment upon achievement of a specified commercial milestone event. The Company is also eligible to receive additional milestone payments specific to co-commercialized licensed programs and split licensed programs. In addition, the Company is eligible to receive a substantive milestone payment of $22.5 million upon achievement of an early clinical development milestone event for certain co-commercialized licensed programs. In connection with the first split licensed program under the collaboration, the Company’s IDH1 program, AG-120, the Company is eligible to receive an additional one-time payment of $25.0 million upon the dosing of the last patient in a Company-sponsored phase 2 clinical trial. |
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In addition to the milestone payments described above, for each co-commercialized licensed program, the Company will be reimbursed for all eligible development costs of the related phase 1 multiple ascending dose (MAD) study. The initial costs will be reimbursed as a milestone payment equal to the greater of $5.0 million or eligible development costs incurred by the Company upon the earlier of the determination of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or Celgene’s election to license the program. Subsequent to the initial milestone payment, development costs will be reimbursed on a quarterly basis. As of September 30, 2014, the Company has recorded a collaboration receivable of $18.7 million related to reimbursable development costs for AG-221, which includes the initial milestone. |
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In addition to the milestone payments described above, for each split licensed program, the Company is eligible for reimbursement of the costs of disease-specific expansion cohort(s) that support the initiation of a subsequent pivotal clinical trial. Costs will be reimbursed as a milestone payment equal to the lesser of $10.0 million or fifty percent of the eligible costs for the disease-specific expansion cohort(s) upon the first patient dosed under the pivotal clinical trial. The maximum amount for the milestone payment will be $10.0 million for each split program regardless of the number of disease-specific expansion cohorts and pivotal trials undertaken for each split program. |
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The Company has concluded that certain of the clinical development and regulatory milestones that may be received under the Celgene agreement, if the Company is involved in future product development and commercialization, are substantive. Factors considered in the evaluation of the milestones included the degree of risk associated with performance of the milestone, the level of effort and investment required, whether the milestone consideration was reasonable relative to the deliverables and whether the milestone was earned at least in part based on the Company’s performance. Revenues from substantive milestones, if they are nonrefundable, are recognized as revenue upon successful accomplishment of the milestones. Clinical and regulatory milestones are deemed non-substantive if they are based solely on the collaborator’s performance. Non-substantive milestones will be recognized when achieved to the extent the Company has no remaining performance obligations under the arrangement. Milestone payments earned upon achievement of commercial milestone events will be recognized when earned. |
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The Company may also receive royalties at tiered, low- to mid-teen percentage rates on net sales and has the option to participate in the development and commercialization of certain products in the United States. The royalty payments are recognized as revenue in the period in which they are earned. No other milestone or royalty payments under the agreement have been earned. |