Exhibit 3.22
BY-LAWS
COMDATA NETWORK, INC. OF CALIFORNIA
(hereinafter called the “Corporation”)
ARTICLE I.
OFFICES
Section 1.Registered Office. The registered office of the Corporation shall be c/o CSC, 185 Southgate Road, Sacramento, California 95815.
Section 2.Other Offices. The Corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and without the State of California as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.
ARTICLE II.
MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS
Section 1.Place of Meetings. Meetings of the shareholders for the election of directors or for any other purpose shall be held at such time and place, either within or without the State of California, as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting or in a duly executed waiver of notice thereof.
Section 2.Annual Meetings. The Annual Meetings of Shareholders shall be held on such dates and at such times as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting, at which meetings the
shareholders shall elect by a plurality vote a Board of Directors, and transact such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting. Written notice of the Annual Meeting stating the place, date and hour of the meeting shall be given to each shareholder entitled to vote at such meeting not less than ten nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting. If there is a failure to hold the Annual Meeting for a period of 60 days after the date designated therefor, the superior court of the proper county may summarily order a meeting to be held upon the application of any shareholder after notice to the Corporation giving it an opportunity to be heard. The shares represented at such meeting, either in person or by proxy, and entitled to vote thereat shall constitute a quorum for the purpose of such meeting, notwithstanding any provision of the Articles of Incorporation or these By-Laws.
Section 3.Special Meetings. Unless otherwise prescribed by law, Special Meetings of Shareholders, for any purpose or purposes, may be called by either (i) the Chairman, if there be one, or (ii) the President, (iii) any Vice president, if there be one, (iv) the Secretary, or (v) any Assistant Secretary, if there be one, and shall be called by any such officer at the request in writing of shareholders entitled to cast not less than 10 percent of the votes at the meeting. Such request shall state the purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting and no other business may be transacted. Written notice of a Special Meeting
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stating the place, date and hour of the meeting and the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called shall be given not less than ten nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting to each shareholder entitled to vote at such meeting.
Section 4.Quorum. Except as otherwise provided by law or by the Articles of Incorporation, the holders of a majority of the capital stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the shareholders for the transaction of business, but in no event shall a quorum consist of less than one-third of the shares entitled to vote at the meeting. If, however, such quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the shareholders, the shareholders entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall have the power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed, provided, however, that any action taken (other than adjournment) is approved by at least a majority of the shares required to constitute a quorum. If the adjournment is for more than thirty days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each shareholder entitled to vote at the meeting.
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Section 5.Voting. Unless otherwise required by law, the Articles of Incorporation or these By-Laws, any question brought before any meeting of shareholders shall be decided by the vote of the holders of a majority of the stock represented and entitled to vote thereat. Each outstanding share, regardless of class shall be entitled to one vote on each matter submitted to a vote of shareholders except with regard to cumulative voting in elections of directors. Such votes may be cast in person or by proxy but no proxy shall be valid after the expiration of 11 months from the date thereof, unless such proxy provides for a longer period. The Board of Directors, in its discretion, or the officer of the Corporation presiding at a meeting of shareholders, in his discretion, may require that any votes cast at such meeting shall be cast by written ballot.
Section 6.Consent of Shareholders in Lieu of Meeting. Unless otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation, any action required or permitted to be taken at any Annual or Special Meeting of Shareholders of the Corporation, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares
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entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. Unless the consents of all shareholders entitled to vote have been solicited in writing, notice of any shareholders’ approval of (i) a contract or other transaction between the Corporation and one or more of its directors or another corporation, firm or association in which one or more of its directors has a material financial interest pursuant to Corp. C. Sec. 310, (ii) indemnification of an agent of the Corporation, pursuant to Corp. C. Sec. 317, (iii) the principal terms of a reorganization pursuant to Corp. C. Sec. 1201, and (iv) a plan of distribution as part of the winding up of the Corporation pursuant to Corp. C. Sec. 2007, without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent, shall be given at least ten (10) days before the consummation of the action authorized by such approval. Prompt notice of the taking of any other corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those shareholders who have not consented in writing.
Section 7.List of Shareholders Entitled to Vote. The officer of the Corporation who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten days before every meeting of shareholders, a complete list of the shareholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each shareholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each shareholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any shareholder, for any
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purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. This list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any shareholder of the Corporation who is present.
Section 8.Stock Ledger. The stock ledger of the Corporation shall be the only evidence as to who are the shareholders entitled to examine the stock ledger, the list required by Section 7 of this Article II or the books of the Corporation, or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of shareholders.
ARTICLE III.
DIRECTORS
Section 1.Number and Election of Directors. The Board of Directors shall consist of one or more members, the exact number of which shall initially be fixed by the Incorporator. After the issuance of shares, a By-Law specifying or changing a fixed number of directors or the maximum or minimum number or changing from a fixed to a variable board or vice versa may only be adopted by approval of the shareholders. Whenever all of the shares of the Corporation are owned beneficially and of record by either one or two shareholders, the number of
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directors may be less than three but not less than the number of shareholders. Whenever there are three or more shareholders, there must be at least three directors. Except as provided in Section 2 of this Article III, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast at Annual Meetings of Shareholders, and each director so elected shall hold office until the next Annual Meeting and until his successor is duly elected and qualified, or until his earlier resignation or removal. Any director may resign at any time upon notice to the Corporation. Directors need not be shareholders.
Section 2.Vacancies. Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, and the directors so chosen shall hold office until the next annual election and until their successors are duly elected and qualified, or until their earlier resignation or removal. Unless the Articles of Incorporation provide that the Board of Directors may fill vacancies occurring on the Board of Directors by reason of the removal of directors, such vacancies may be filled only by approval of the shareholders.
Section 3.Duties and Powers. The business of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors which may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by the Articles of Incorporation or by these By-Laws directed or required to be exercised or done by the shareholders.
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Section 4.Meetings. The Board of Directors of the Corporation may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of California. Unless otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman, or the President or any Vice President or the Secretary or any two directors. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and at such place as may from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors. Special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held upon four days’ notice by mail or 48 hours’ notice delivered personally or by telephone or telegraph. The Articles of Incorporation or By-Laws may not dispense with notice of a special meeting. A notice, or waiver of notice, need not specify the purpose of any regular or special meetings of the Board of Directors.
Section 5.Quorum. Except as may be otherwise specifically provided by law or the Articles of Incorporation, at all meetings of the Board of Directors a majority of the authorized number of directors constitutes a quorum for the transaction of business. The Articles of Incorporation or By-Laws may not provide that a quorum shall be less than one-third the authorized number of directors or less than two, whichever is larger, unless the authorized number of directors is one, in which case one
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director constitutes a quorum. The act of a majority of the directors present at a meeting duly held at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors. A meeting at which a quorum is initially present may continue to transact business notwithstanding the withdrawal of directors, if any action taken is approved by at least a majority of the required quorum for such meeting.
Section 6.Actions of Board. Unless otherwise provided by the Articles of Incorporation or these By-Laws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all the members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, shall individually or collectively consent thereto in writing, and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee. Such action by written consent shall have the same force and effect as a unanimous vote of such directors or members of the committee.
Section 7.Meetings by Means of Conference Telephone. Unless otherwise provided by the Articles of Incorporation or these By-Laws, members of the Board of Directors of the Corporation, or any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in
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the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting pursuant to this Section 7 shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.
Section 8.Committees. The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the authorized number of directors, designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of two or more of the directors to serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may replace any absent member at any meeting of the committee. The appointment of members or alternate members of a committee requires the vote of a majority of the authorized number of directors. Any such committee to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors or in the By-Laws, shall have the authority of the board, except with respect to (i) the approval of any action for which California General Corporation Law also requires shareholders’ approval or approval of the outstanding shares, (ii) the filling of vacancies on the Board of Directors or on any committee, (iii) the fixing of compensation of the directors for serving on the Board of Directors or on any committee, (iv) the amendment or repeal of By-Laws or the adoption of new By-Laws, (v) the amendment or repeal of any resolution of the Board of Directors which by its express terms is not so amendable or repealable, (vi) a distribution to the shareholders of the Corporation, except at a rate or in a periodic amount or within a price range determined by the Board of Directors, and (vii) the
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appointment of other committees of the Board of Directors or the members thereof. Each committee shall keep regular minutes and report to the Board of Directors when required.
Section 9.Compensation. The directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each such meeting of the Board of Directors or a stated salary as director. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of special or standing committees may be allowed like compensation for attending committee meetings.
Section 10.Interested Directors. No contract or transaction between the Corporation and one or more of its directors or officers, or between the Corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association, or other organization in which one or more of its directors or officers are directors or officers, or have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for this reason, or solely because the director or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the Board of Directors or committee thereof which authorizes the contract or transaction, or solely because his or their votes are counted for such purpose if (i) the material facts as to his or their relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the Board of Directors or the committee,
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and the Board of Directors or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative votes of a majority of the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors be less than a quorum; or (ii) the material facts as to his or their relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the shareholders, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved in good faith by vote of the shareholders; or (iii) the contract or transaction is fair as to the Corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified, by the Board of Directors, a committee thereof or the shareholders. Common or interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee which authorizes the contract or transaction.
Section 11.Removal of Directors. The Board of Directors may declare vacant the office of a director who has been declared of unsound mind by an order of court or convicted of a felony. Any or all of the directors may be removed with or without cause if such removal is approved by a majority of the outstanding shares, provided however, that no director may be removed (unless the entire Board of Directors is removed) when the votes cast against removal, or not consenting in writing to such removal, would be sufficient to elect such director if voted cumulatively at an election at which the same total number of votes were cast (or, if such action is taken by written consent,
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all shares entitled to vote were voted) and the entire number of directors authorized at the time of the director’s most recent election were then being elected.
ARTICLE IV.
OFFICERS
Section 1.General. The officers of the Corporation shall be chosen by the Board of Directors and shall be a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer. The Board of Directors, in its discretion, may also choose a Chairman of the Board of Directors (who must be a director) and one or more Vice Presidents, Assistant Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries, Assistant Treasurers and other officers. Any number of offices may be held by the same person, unless otherwise prohibited by law, the Articles of Incorporation or these By-Laws. The officers of the Corporation need not be shareholders of the Corporation nor, except in the case of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, need such officers be directors of the Corporation.
Section 2.Election. The Board of Directors at its first meeting held after each Annual Meeting of Shareholders shall elect the officers of the Corporation who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to time by the Board
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of Directors; and all officers of the Corporation shall hold office until their successors are chosen and qualified, or until their earlier resignation or removal. Any officer elected by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation shall be filled by the Board of Directors. The salaries of all officers of the corporation shall be fixed by the Board of Directors.
Section 3.Voting Securities Owned by the Corporation. Powers of attorney, proxies, waivers of notice of meeting, consents and other instruments relating to securities owned by the Corporation may be executed in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation by the Chairman of the Board, if there be one, the President or any Vice President and any such officer may, in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, take all such action as any such officer may deem advisable to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of security holders of any corporation in which the Corporation may own securities and at any such meeting shall possess and may exercise any and all rights and powers incident to the ownership of such securities and which, as the owner thereof, the Corporation might have exercised and possessed if present. The Board of Directors may, by resolution, from time to time confer like powers upon any other person or persons.
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Section 4.Chairman of the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there be one, shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and of the Board of Directors. He shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation, and except where by law the signature of the President is required, the Chairman of the Board of Directors shall possess the same power as the President to sign all contracts, certificates and other instruments of the Corporation which may be authorized by the Board of Directors. During the absence or disability of the President, the Chairman of the Board of Directors shall exercise all the powers and discharge all the duties of the President. The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall also perform such other duties and may exercise such other powers as from time to time may be assigned by him by these By-Laws or by the Board of Directors.
Section 5.President. The President shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors and, if there be one, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, have general supervision of the business of the Corporation and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors are carried into effect. He shall execute all bonds, mortgages, contracts and other instruments of the Corporation requiring a seal, under the seal of the Corporation, except where required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed and executed and except that the other officers of the Corporation may sign and execute documents when
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so authorized by these By-Laws, the Board of Directors or the President. In the absence or disability of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or if there be none, the President shall preside at all meetings, of the shareholders and the Board of Directors. If there be no Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation. The President shall also perform such other duties and may exercise such other powers as from time to time may be assigned to him by these By-Laws or by the Board of Directors.
Section 6.Vice Presidents. At the request of the President or in his absence or in the event of his inability or refusal to act (and if there be no Chairman of the Board of Directors), the Vice President or the Vice Presidents, if there are more than one (in the order designated by the Board of Directors), shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President. Each Vice President shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors from time to time may prescribe. If there be no Chairman of the Board of Directors and no Vice President, the Board of Directors shall designate the officer of the corporation who, in the absence of the President or in the event of the inability or refusal of the President to act, shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have all powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President.
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Section 7.Secretary.The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and all meetings of shareholders and record all the proceedings thereat in a book or books to be kept for that purpose; the Secretary shall also perform like duties for the standing committees when required. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the shareholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or President, under whose supervision he shall be. If the Secretary shall be unable or shall refuse to cause to be given notice of all meetings of the shareholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, and if there be no Assistant Secretary, then either the Board of Directors or the President may choose another officer to cause such notice to be given. The Secretary shall have custody of the seal of the Corporation and the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary, if there be one, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it and when so affixed, it may be attested by the signature of the Secretary or by the signature of any such Assistant Secretary. The Board of Directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest the affixing by his signature.
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Section 8.Treasurer. The Treasurer shall be the chief financial officer of the Corporation and shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the President and the Board of Directors, at its regular meetings, or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of all his transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation. If required by the Board of Directors, the Treasurer shall give the Corporation a bond in such sum with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors for the faithful performance of the duties of his office and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of his death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in his possession or under his control belonging to the Corporation.
Section 9.Assistant Vice Presidents. Except as may otherwise be provided in these By-Laws, Assistant Vice Presidents, if there be any, shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board
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of Directors, the President or any Vice President, and in the absence of any Vice President or in the event of his disability or his refusal to act, shall perform the duties of such Vice President, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon such Vice President.
Section 10.Assistant Secretaries.Except as may be otherwise provided in these By-Laws, Assistant Secretaries, if there be any, shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the President, any Vice President, if there be one, or the Secretary, and in the absence of the Secretary or in the event of his disability or refusal to act, shall perform the duties of the secretary, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Secretary.
Section 11.Assistant Treasurers. Assistant Treasurers, if there be any, shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the President, any Vice President, if there be one, or the Treasurer, and in the absence of the Treasurer or in the event of his disability or refusal to act, shall perform the duties of the Treasurer, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Treasurer. If required by the Board of Directors, an Assistant Treasurer shall give the Corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of
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Directors for the faithful performance of the duties of his office and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of his death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in his possession or under his control belonging to the Corporation.
Section 12.Other Officers. Such other officers as the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there be one, or the President may choose shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there be one, or the President.
ARTICLE V.
STOCK
Section 1.Form of Certificates. Every holder of stock in the Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate signed, in the name of the Corporation (i) by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President or a Vice President and (ii) by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation, certifying the number of shares owned by him in the Corporation.
Section 2.Lost Certificates. The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate to be issued in place of any certificate theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been
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lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, or his legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner as the Board of Directors shall require and/or to give the Corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the Corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.
Section 3.Transfers. Stock of the Corporation shall be transferable in the manner prescribed by law and in these By-Laws. Transfers of stock shall be made on the books of the Corporation only by the person named in the certificate or by his attorney lawfully constituted in writing and upon the surrender of the certificate therefor, which shall be cancelled before a new certificate shall be issued.
Section 4.Record Date. In order that the Corporation may determine the shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of shareholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or
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exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty days nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty days prior to any other action. A determination of shareholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
Section 5.Beneficial Owners. The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to hold liable for calls and assessments a person registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by law.
ARTICLE VI.
NOTICES
Section 1.Notices. Whenever written notice is required by law, the Articles of Incorporation or these By-Laws, to be given to any director, member of a committee or shareholder, such notice may be given by mail or overnight courier
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service, addressed to such director, member of a committee or shareholder, at his address as it appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid, and such notice shall be deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be deposited in the United States mail. Written notice may also be given personally or by telegram, telex or facsimile transmission.
Section 2.Waivers of Notice. Whenever any notice is required by law, the Articles of Incorporation or these By-Laws, to be given to any director, member of a committee or shareholder, a waiver thereof in writing, signed, by the person or persons entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto.
ARTICLE VII.
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section 1.Dividends. Dividends upon the capital stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting, and may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of capital stock. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the Board of Directors from time to time, in its absolute discretion, deems proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining
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any property of the corporation, or for any proper purpose, and the Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve.
Section 2.Disbursements. All checks or demands for money and notes of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers to such other person or persons as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.
Section 3.Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.
Section 4.Corporate Seal. The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation, the date of its organization and the words “Incorporated, California”. The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced, otherwise.
ARTICLE VIII.
INDEMNIFICATION
Section 1.Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings other Than Those by or in the Right of the Corporation. Subject to Section 3 of this Article VIII, the Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor) by reason of the fact that the person is or was an agent of the Corporation, against expenses, judgments, fines, settlements, and other amounts actually and reasonably
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incurred in connection with the proceeding if that person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in the best interests of the Corporation and, in the case of a criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the conduct of the person was unlawful. The termination of any proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which the person reasonably believed to be in the best interests of the Corporation, or that the person had reasonable cause to believe that the person’s conduct was unlawful.
Section 2.Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings by or in the Right of the corporation. Subject to Section 3 of this Article VIII, the Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he is or was an agent of the Corporation, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in the best interests of the Corporation; except that no indemnification shall be made (i) in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation
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unless and only to the extent that the court in which such proceeding was brought shall determine upon application that, in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the court shall deem proper, (ii) of amounts paid in settling or otherwise disposing of a pending action without court approval, and (iii) of expenses incurred in defending a pending action which is settled or otherwise disposed of without court approval.
Section 3.Authorization of Indemnification. Any indemnification under this Article VIII (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 1 or Section 2 of this Article VIII, as the case may be. Such determination shall be made (i) by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to such proceeding, or (ii) if such a quorum is not obtainable, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (iii) by the shareholders with the shares owned by the person to be indemnified not being entitled to vote thereon, or (iv) the court in which the proceeding is or was pending upon application made by the Corporation or the agent or the attorney or other person rendering services in connection with the defense, whether or not the application by the agent, attorney or
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other person is opposed by the Corporation. To the extent, however, that an agent of the Corporation has been successful on the merits in defense of any proceeding described in Section 1 or Section 2 of this Article VIII, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, he shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection therewith, without the necessity of authorization in the specific case.
Section 4.Good Faith Defined. For purposes of any determination under Section 3 of this Article VIII, a person shall be deemed to have acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, or, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, to have had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful, if his action is based on the records or books of account of the Corporation or another enterprise, or on information supplied to him by the officers of the Corporation or another enterprise in the course of their duties, or on the advice of legal counsel for the Corporation or another enterprise or on information or records given or reports made to the Corporation or another enterprise by an independent certified public accountant or by an appraiser or other expert selected with reasonable care by the Corporation or another enterprise. The term “another enterprise” as used in this Section 4 shall mean any other corporation or any partnership, joint venture, trust or
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other enterprise of which such person is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer or employee. The provisions of this Section 4 shall not be deemed to be exclusive or to limit in any way the circumstances in which a person may be deemed to have met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Sections 1 or 2 of this Article VIII, as the case may be.
Section 5.Indemnification by a Court. Notwithstanding any contrary determination in the specific case under Section 3 of this Article VIII, and notwithstanding the absence of any determination thereunder, any director, officer, employee or agent may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction in the State of California for indemnification to the extent otherwise permissible under Sections 1 and 2 of this Article VIII. The basis of such indemnification by a court shall be a determination by such court that indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standards of conduct set forth in Sections 1 or 2 of this Article VIII, as the case may be. Notice of any application for indemnification pursuant to this Section 5 shall be given to the Corporation promptly upon the filing of such application.
Section 6.Expenses Payable in Advance. Expenses incurred in defending any proceeding may be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of the proceeding upon
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receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director, officer, employee or agent to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in this Article VIII.
Section 7.Non-exclusivity and Survival of Indemnification. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, the other Sections of this Article VIII shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any statute, By-Law, agreement, contract, vote of shareholders or disinterested directors or pursuant to the direction (howsoever embodied) of any court of competent jurisdiction or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, it being the policy of the Corporation that indemnification of the persons specified in Sections 1 and 2 of this Article VIII shall be made to the fullest extent permitted by law. The provisions of this Article VIII shall not be deemed to preclude the indemnification of any person who is not specified in Sections 1 or 2 of this Article VIII but whom the Corporation has the power or obligation to indemnify under the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of California, or otherwise. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Article VIII shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who
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has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.
Section 8.Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power or the obligation to indemnify him against such liability under the provisions of this Article VIII.
Section 9.Meaning of “Corporation” for Purposes of Article VIII. For purposes of this Article VIII, references to “the Corporation” shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, and employees so that any person who is or was a director, officer or employee of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer or employee of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Article VIII with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.
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Section 10.Meaning of “agent” for Purposes of Article VIII. For purposes of this Article VIII, references to “agent” shall include any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or other agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another foreign or domestic corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or was a director, officer, employee or agent of a foreign or domestic corporation which was a predecessor corporation of the Corporation or of another enterprise at the request of such predecessor corporation.
Section 11.Meaning of “proceeding” and certain other terms for Purposes of Article VIII. For purposes of this Article VIII, references to “proceeding” shall include any threatened, pending or completed action or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative; references to “expenses” shall include, without limitation, attorneys, fees; references to “other enterprises” shall include employee benefit plans; references to “fines” shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to “serving at the request of the Corporation” shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such
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director, officer, employee, or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner “not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation” as referred to in this Article.
ARTICLE IX.
AMENDMENTS
Section 1. Except as otherwise provided in Section 1 of Article III, these By-Laws may be altered, amended or repealed, in whole or in part, or new By-Laws may be adopted by either the holders of a majority of the outstanding capital stock entitled to vote thereon or by a majority of the entire Board of Directors then in office.
Section 2.Entire Board of Directors. As used in this Article IX and in these By-Laws generally, the term “entire Board of Directors” means the total number of directors which the Corporation would have if there were no vacancies.
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