enable business process optimization. Moreover, our platform can be deployed in the cloud,on-premises or using a hybrid approach, with organizations able to access the same functionality and data sources in all cases.
Ourgo-to-market strategy consists of both direct sales and, to a lesser extent, sales through strategic partners. We sell our software almost exclusively through subscriptions and intend to grow our revenue both by adding new customers and increasing the number of users at existing customers that use applications developed on our platform. As of December 31, 2018, we had 436 customers in a wide variety of industries, of which 343 customers were commercial and 93 customers were government ornon-commercial entities. Our customers include financial services, life sciences, government, telecommunications, media, energy, manufacturing and transportation organizations. As of December 31, 2018, 27% of our commercial customers were Global 2000 organizations and included 50 Fortune 500 companies.
Customers receive all of the modules and functionality of our platform with their initial subscription, which facilitates the seamless creation of new applications. Many of our customers begin by building a single application and grow to build dozens of applications on our platform, which implicitly reduces theper-user cost of each application. Generally, the development of new applications results in the expansion of our user base within an organization and a corresponding increase in revenue to us because we charge subscription fees on aper-user basis for the significant majority of our customer contracts. Every additional application that an organization creates on our platform increases the value of our platform for that organization because it further integrates people, process and data across the organization and facilitates knowledge sharing. At the same time, our industry-leading professional services organization enables our customers to more easily build and deploy applications on our platform to achieve their digital transformation goals.
We have experienced strong revenue growth, with revenue of $226.7 million, $176.7 million and $132.9 million in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $126.5 million and $111.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, respectively. Our subscription revenue was $115.7 million, $82.8 million and $60.0 million in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, representing year-over-year growth rates of 40% from 2017 to 2018 and 38% from 2016 to 2017. Our subscription revenue was $71.6 million and $52.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, respectively, representing a year-over-year growth rate of 36%. Our professional services revenue was $100.7 million, $85.2 million and $63.0 million in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $52.3 million and $51.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, respectively. Over time, as the need for professional services associated with user deployments decreases and the number of end users increases, we expect the mix of total revenue to shift more toward subscription revenue.
We have invested in developing our platform, expanding our sales and marketing and research and development capabilities, and providing general and administrative resources to support our growth. As a result, we incurred net losses of $49.5 million, $31.0 million and $12.5 million in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $26.9 million and $20.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, respectively. We also used cash in operations of $(31.3) million, $(9.1) million and $(7.8) million in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We had cash provided by operations of $11.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2019 and used cash in operations of $(23.6) million in June 30, 2018.
Corporate Information
Appian Corporation was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware in August 1999.
Our principal executive offices are located at 7950 Jones Branch Drive, Tysons, Virginia 22102. Our telephone number is (703)442-8844. Our website address is www.appian.com. The information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement, and you should not consider any information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website as part of this prospectus supplement or in deciding whether to purchase our Class A common stock.