Appian (APPN) 10-Q 31 Oct 19 2019 Q3 Quarterly report Financial data

Cover Page

Cover Page - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Oct. 28, 2019
Document and Entity Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2019
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-38098
Entity Registrant Name	APPIAN CORPORATION
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	54-1956084
Entity Address, Address Line One	7950 Jones Branch Drive
Entity Address, City or Town	Tysons
Entity Address, State or Province	VA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	22102
City Area Code	(703)
Local Phone Number	442-8844
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A Common Stock
Trading Symbol	APPN
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001441683
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
Class A Common Stock
Document and Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		34,210,508
Class B Common Stock
Document and Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		32,942,636

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 165,554	$ 94,930
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $600 as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018	70,792	79,383
Deferred commissions, current	18,468	14,020
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	10,200	21,293
Total current assets	265,014	209,626
Property and equipment, net	40,023	7,539
Deferred commissions, net of current portion	13,069	15,088
Deferred tax assets	560	326
Other assets	561	601
Total assets	319,227	233,180
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	5,316	9,249
Accrued expenses	7,916	7,464
Accrued compensation and related benefits	11,458	13,796
Deferred revenue, current	100,497	95,523
Capital leases, current	1,429	0
Other current liabilities	2,067	2,369
Total current liabilities	128,683	128,401
Deferred tax liabilities	136	42
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	13,557	16,145
Deferred rent, net of current portion	21,280	15,400
Capital leases, net of current portion	2,763	0
Total liabilities	166,419	159,988
Stockholders’ equity
Additional paid-in capital	336,694	218,284
Accumulated other comprehensive income	1,106	542
Accumulated deficit	(184,998)	(145,640)
Total stockholders’ equity	152,808	73,192
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	319,227	233,180
Class A Common Stock
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock	3	3
Class B Common Stock
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock	$ 3	$ 3

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANC_2

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 600	$ 600
Class A Common Stock
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	34,204,362	29,626,054
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	34,204,362	29,626,054
Class B Common Stock
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	32,942,636	34,290,383
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	32,942,636	34,290,383

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMEN

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 69,387	$ 54,948	$ 195,877	$ 166,527
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	23,951	20,092	71,068	62,715
Gross profit	45,436	34,856	124,809	103,812
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	28,858	25,467	89,951	75,815
Research and development	15,697	11,737	42,418	32,392
General and administrative	11,191	12,537	29,468	29,022
Total operating expenses	55,746	49,741	161,837	137,229
Operating loss	(10,310)	(14,885)	(37,028)	(33,417)
Other expense:
Other expense, net	2,016	110	1,700	1,785
Interest expense	96	67	236	134
Total other expense	2,112	177	1,936	1,919
Loss before income taxes	(12,422)	(15,062)	(38,964)	(35,336)
Income tax expense (benefit)	5	(34)	394	212
Net loss	$ (12,427)	$ (15,028)	$ (39,358)	$ (35,548)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic and diluted (in dollar per share)	$ (0.19)	$ (0.24)	$ (0.61)	$ (0.58)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted (in shares)	65,508,113	62,480,927	64,860,342	61,583,610
Subscriptions, Software, And Support
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 41,599	$ 30,905	$ 115,767	$ 90,904
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	4,484	3,261	12,105	8,713
Professional Services
Revenue:
Total revenue	27,788	24,043	80,110	75,623
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	$ 19,467	$ 16,831	$ 58,963	$ 54,002

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEM_2

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (12,427)	$ (15,028)	$ (39,358)	$ (35,548)
Comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	954	(400)	564	137
Total other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes	$ (11,473)	$ (15,428)	$ (38,794)	$ (35,411)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEM_3

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		60,599,877
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 45,524	$ 6	$ 141,268	$ 439	$ (96,189)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(9,553)				(9,553)
Issuance of common stock to directors (in shares)		2,935
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		607,349
Exercise of stock options	982		982
Stock-based compensation expense	2,240		2,240
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(565)			(565)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2018		61,210,161
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2018	38,628	$ 6	144,490	(126)	(105,742)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		60,599,877
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2017	45,524	$ 6	141,268	439	(96,189)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(35,548)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2018		63,588,316
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2018	81,816	$ 6	212,971	576	(131,737)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2018		61,210,161
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2018	38,628	$ 6	144,490	(126)	(105,742)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(10,967)				(10,967)
Issuance of common stock to directors (in shares)		3,670
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		399,049
Exercise of stock options	1,090		1,090
Stock-based compensation expense	2,206		2,206
Other comprehensive income (loss)	1,102			1,102
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2018		61,612,880
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2018	32,059	$ 6	147,786	976	(116,709)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(15,028)				(15,028)
Issuance of common stock from public offering, net of issuance costs (in shares)		1,675,000
Issuance of common stock from public offering, net of issuance costs	57,829		57,829
Issuance of common stock to directors (in shares)		2,555
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		6,300
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		291,581
Exercise of stock options	555		555
Stock-based compensation expense	6,801		6,801
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(400)			(400)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2018		63,588,316
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2018	81,816	$ 6	212,971	576	(131,737)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		63,916,437
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2018	73,192	$ 6	218,284	542	(145,640)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(17,537)				(17,537)
Issuance of common stock to directors (in shares)		3,461
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		278,680
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		482,444
Exercise of stock options	1,073		1,073
Stock-based compensation expense	7,225		7,225
Other comprehensive income (loss)	340			340
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019		64,681,022
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2019	64,293	$ 6	226,582	882	(163,177)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		63,916,437
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2018	73,192	$ 6	218,284	542	(145,640)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	$ (39,358)
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	1,017,391
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2019		67,146,998
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2019	$ 152,808	$ 6	336,694	1,106	(184,998)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019		64,681,022
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2019	64,293	$ 6	226,582	882	(163,177)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(9,394)				(9,394)
Issuance of common stock to directors (in shares)		2,684
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		6,010
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		147,852
Exercise of stock options	914		914
Stock-based compensation expense	2,689		2,689
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(730)			(730)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019		64,837,568
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2019	57,772	$ 6	230,185	152	(172,571)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(12,427)				(12,427)
Issuance of common stock from public offering, net of issuance costs (in shares)		1,825,000
Issuance of common stock from public offering, net of issuance costs	101,303		101,303
Issuance of common stock to directors (in shares)		2,563
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		94,772
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		387,095
Exercise of stock options	2,065		2,065
Stock-based compensation expense	3,141		3,141
Other comprehensive income (loss)	954			954
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2019		67,146,998
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2019	$ 152,808	$ 6	$ 336,694	$ 1,106	$ (184,998)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEM_4

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (39,358)	$ (35,548)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	3,273	1,452
Loss (gain) on disposal of equipment	146	(4)
Bad debt expense	97	2
Deferred income taxes	(191)	69
Stock-based compensation	13,055	11,247
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	9,051	(6,226)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	11,351	76
Deferred commissions	(2,428)	(5,531)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(3,910)	1,255
Accrued compensation and related benefits	(2,159)	1,814
Other current liabilities	(251)	376
Deferred revenue	2,646	7,862
Deferred rent, non-current	5,718	(797)
Net cash used in operating activities	(2,960)	(23,953)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(31,430)	(2,187)
Proceeds from sale of equipment	0	4
Net cash used in investing activities	(31,430)	(2,183)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from public offering, net of any underwriting discounts	101,653	58,258
Payment of costs related to public offerings	(12)	(353)
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options	4,052	2,627
Principal payments on capital lease obligations	(299)	0
Net cash provided by financing activities	105,394	60,532
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(380)	(888)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	70,624	33,508
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	94,930	73,758
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	165,554	107,266
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	250	34
Cash paid for income taxes	236	178
Capital lease obligations to acquire new office furniture and fixtures and computer hardware	4,491	0
Offering costs included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$ 338	$ 76

Organization and Description of

Organization and Description of Business	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Organization and Description of Business	Organization and Description of BusinessAppian Corporation (together with its subsidiaries, “Appian,” the “Company,” “we” or “our”) provides a low-code development platform that accelerates the creation of high-impact business applications. The applications created on our platform help companies to improve customer experience, achieve operational excellence and simplify global risk management and compliance. We were incorporated in the state of Delaware in August 1999. We are headquartered in Tysons, Virginia and operate in Canada, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Australia, Spain, Singapore and Sweden.

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Significant Accounting Policies	Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and footnotes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) as contained in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) for interim financial information. In the opinion of management, the interim financial information includes all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations, financial position, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows. The results of operations for the current period are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year or the results for any future periods. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related footnotes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 21, 2019. Use of Estimates The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Although we believe that the estimates we use are reasonable, due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making these estimates, actual results reported in future periods could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates embedded in the condensed consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition, income taxes and the related valuation allowance and stock-based compensation. Principles of Consolidation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Appian and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Public Offering In September 2019, we completed an underwritten public offering of 2,329,000 shares of our Class A common stock, of which 1,825,000 shares of Class A common stock were sold by us and 504,000 shares of Class A common stock were sold by existing stockholders. The underwriter purchased the shares from us and the selling stockholders at a price of $55.70 per share. Our net proceeds from the offering were $101.3 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. We did not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders. Revenue Recognition We generate revenue primarily through sales of subscriptions to our platform, as well as professional services. We recognize revenue when all of the following conditions are met: (1) there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; (2) the service or product has been provided to the customer; (3) the amount of fees to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable; and (4) the collection of related fees is reasonably assured. If collection is not reasonably assured, we defer revenue recognition until collectability becomes reasonably assured. Our arrangements do not contain general rights of return. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers and subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Subscriptions, Software and Support Revenue Subscriptions, software and support revenue is primarily related to (1) software as a service (“SaaS”) subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support and hosting services and (2) term license subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support. We generally charge subscription fees on a per-user basis or, alternatively, non-user based single application licenses. We bill customers and collect payment for subscriptions to our platform in advance on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis. In certain instances, we have had customers pay their entire contract up front. SaaS Subscriptions Our SaaS subscription revenue is derived from customers accessing our cloud offering pursuant to contracts that are generally one Term License Subscriptions Our term license subscription revenue is derived from customers with on-premises installations of our platform pursuant to contracts that are generally one one Professional Services Our professional services revenue is comprised of fees for consulting services, including application development and deployment assistance and training related to our platform. Our professional services are not essential to the functionality of our platform because the platform is ready for the customer’s use immediately upon delivery and is not modified or customized in any manner. Consulting services are billed under both time-and-material and fixed-fee arrangements. For standalone time-and-material contracts, we recognize revenue at contractually agreed upon billing rates applied to hours performed. For standalone fixed-fee contracts, we also recognize revenue as the work is performed using the proportional performance method of accounting. Training revenue is recognized when the associated training services are delivered. Training is also sold in the form of a subscription arrangement where a customer agrees to pay an annual fixed fee for a fixed number of users to have access to all our training offerings during the year. Revenue from training subscription agreements is recognized ratably over the subscription period. We defer recognition of revenue from work performed on pending contract modifications until the period in which the modifications are accepted and funding is approved by the customer. Costs of work performed on pending contract modifications are expensed as incurred. Multiple Element Arrangements Our multiple element arrangements are from SaaS subscriptions and term license subscriptions that are generally sold in combination with maintenance and support service and frequently with professional services. SaaS Subscriptions For multiple element arrangements involving SaaS subscriptions that include professional services in addition to the subscription to our platform, we evaluate each element to determine whether it represents a separate unit of accounting. Because there are third-party vendors who routinely sell and provide the same professional services to our customers, our professional services are deemed to have standalone value apart from the SaaS subscription. Additionally, we offer both SaaS subscriptions and professional services on a standalone basis. Professional services revenue is therefore accounted for separately from subscription fees and recognized as the professional services are performed. We allocate revenue to the elements based on the selling price hierarchy using vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of selling price, third-party evidence (“TPE”) of selling price, or if neither exists, best estimated selling price (“BESP”). In cases where we do not have VSOE or TPE of the elements of our arrangements, we use BESP to allocate revenue. We determine BESP for a service by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, evaluating the weighted average of actual sales prices and other factors such as gross margin objectives, pricing practices and growth strategy. Pricing practices taken into consideration include historic contractually stated prices, volume discounts where applicable and our price lists. While we believe we can make reliable estimates regarding these matters, these estimates are inherently subjective. Once the revenue is allocated to these elements, revenue is recognized as such services are provided. Term License Subscriptions For multiple element arrangements involving term license subscriptions, maintenance and support and professional services, we do not have VSOE of fair value for the maintenance and support. Our term license subscriptions are generally not sold on a standalone basis, and therefore, we have not established VSOE of fair value for the subscriptions. Consequently, for our bundled arrangements that include certain professional services, there are two undelivered elements for which VSOE of fair value has not been established and, therefore, we utilize the combined services approach and defer all revenue until the software has been delivered and the provision of all services has commenced. We then recognize the entire fee from the arrangement ratably over the remaining period of the arrangement, assuming all other software revenue recognition criteria have been met. Deferred Revenue Deferred revenue primarily consists of amounts billed or billable in advance of revenue recognition from our subscriptions, software, and support and professional services described above. Deferred revenue is recognized as the revenue recognition criteria are met. Cost of Revenue Cost of Subscriptions, Software and Support Revenue Cost of subscriptions, software and support revenue consists primarily of fees paid to our third-party managed hosting providers and other third-party service providers, personnel costs, including payroll and benefits for our technology operations and customer support teams, and allocated facility costs and overhead. Cost of Professional Services Revenue Cost of professional services revenue includes all direct and indirect costs to deliver our professional services and training, including employee compensation for our global professional services and training personnel, travel costs, third-party contractor costs and allocated facility costs and overhead. Concentration of Credit and Customer Risk Our financial instruments that are exposed to concentration of credit and customer risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. We believe that the financial institutions that hold our cash deposits are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these balances. With regard to our customers, credit evaluation and account monitoring procedures are used to minimize the risk of loss. We believe that no additional credit risk beyond amounts provided for collection loss are inherent in accounts receivable. Revenue generated from government agencies represented 15.9% and 17.0% of our revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, of which the top three federal government agencies generated 7.0% of our revenue for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. Additionally, 32.5% and 31.1% of our revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, was generated from foreign customers. Revenue generated from government agencies represented 14.1% and 16.1% of our revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, of which the top three federal government agencies generated 7.2% and 8.7% of our revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. Additionally, 29.1% and 30.0% of our revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, was generated from foreign customers. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Accounts receivable are stated at realizable value, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on our assessment of the collectability of accounts. We regularly review the composition of the accounts receivable aging, historical bad debts, changes in payment patterns, customer creditworthiness and current economic trends. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in their inability to make required payments, additional provisions for doubtful accounts would be required and would increase bad debt expense. To date, our allowance and related bad debt write-offs have been nominal. There was no change in the allowance for doubtful accounts from December 31, 2018 to September 30, 2019. Non-Trade Receivables We record non-trade receivables to reflect amounts due for activities other than sales of subscriptions to our platform and professional services. Our non-trade receivables relate entirely to a receivable from our tenant improvement allowance. The tenant improvement allowance receivable was $14.4 million as of December 31, 2018 and is classified within prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. We recognized our initial tenant improvement allowance receivable of $15.8 million related to our new headquarters once we took initial possession of the space in October 2018. We recognized additional tenant improvement allowance receivable of $2.6 million when we took possession of adjacent office space in February 2019. We had received the entire tenant improvement allowance as of September 30, 2019, and therefore, there was no receivable balance remaining as of such date. Deferred Commissions Deferred commissions are the incremental costs that are directly associated with subscription agreements with customers and consist of sales commissions paid to our direct sales force. Commissions are considered direct and incremental and as such are deferred and amortized over the terms of the related customer contracts consistent with the related revenue. Amortization of deferred commissions is included in sales and marketing expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Commission expense was $4.9 million and $14.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Commission expense was $4.0 million and $10.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Significant additions or improvements extending the useful life of an asset are capitalized, while repairs and maintenance costs which do not significantly improve the related assets or extend their useful lives are charged to expense as incurred. Asset Category Useful Life (in years) Computer software 3 Computer hardware 3 Equipment 5 Office furniture and fixtures 10 Leasehold improvements Shorter of useful life of assets or lease term Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 because of the relatively short duration of these instruments. We use a three-tier fair value hierarchy to classify and disclose all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, in periods subsequent to their initial measurement. The hierarchy requires us to use observable inputs when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. The three tiers are defined as follows: • Level 1. Observable inputs based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; • Level 2. Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and • Level 3. Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, which require us to develop our own assumptions. Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs There were no instruments measured at fair value during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018. Stock-Based Compensation We account for stock-based compensation expense related to stock-based awards based on the estimated fair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the fair value of stock options containing only a service condition using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model. The fair value of restricted stock units is based on the closing market price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market on the date of grant. For service-based awards, stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. For performance-based awards, stock-based compensation expense is recognized using the accelerated attribution method, based on the probability of satisfying the performance condition. For awards that contain market conditions, compensation expense is measured using a Monte Carlo simulation and recognized using the accelerated attribution method over the derived service period based on the expected market performance as of the grant date. For restricted stock units, stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. We account for forfeitures as they occur, rather than estimating expected forfeitures. Emerging Growth Company Status We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”). We will remain an emerging growth company until December 31, 2019. After that date, we will no longer be an "emerging growth company" but will then be a "large accelerated filer," because over $700 million of our outstanding equity securities were held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2019. The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Thus, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to avail ourselves of this extended transition period and, as a result, we will not adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for other public companies. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”), which aims to reduce the existing diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 will require adoption on a retrospective basis unless it is impracticable to apply, in which case we would be required to apply the amendments prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 did not have an impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("ASU 2018-02"), which provides entities the option to reclassify to retained earnings tax effects related to items in accumulated other comprehensive income ("OCI") that the FASB refers to as having been stranded in accumulated OCI as a result of tax reform. ASU 2018-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2018-02 did not have an impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. Not Yet Adopted In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASC 606”), which provides new guidance for revenue recognition. ASC 606 provides that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASC 606 also requires improved disclosures to help users of financial statements better understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue that is recognized. Entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach for the adoption of the standard. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Principal Versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross Versus Net) (“ASU 2016-08”), which clarifies implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations in ASC 606. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing (“ASU 2016-10”), which clarifies the identification of performance obligations and the licensing implementation guidance in ASC 606. In addition, in May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients ("ASU 2016-12"), which clarifies the guidance on assessing collectibility, presentation of sales taxes, noncash consideration and completed contracts and contract modifications at transition. For public entities, the new standard is effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. For all other entities, the new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. We have elected to avail ourselves of the JOBS Act extended transition period that permits us to defer adoption until January 1, 2019. In accordance with guidance, the new standard will be adopted in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019 but has not been adopted in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q during 2019. The ASC 606 guidance allows two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period (full retrospective method) or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (modified retrospective method). We intend to adopt the new standard using the modified retrospective method. We do not expect the new standard to have a material impact on the timing of revenue recognition related to our cloud-based subscriptions and standalone professional services. However, we expect the new standard to have a significant impact on the timing of revenue recognition related to our on-premise term license contracts. Under current industry-specific software revenue recognition guidance, we have historically concluded that we did not have VSOE of fair value of the undelivered services related to on-premise term license contracts, and accordingly, have recognized on-premise term license contracts and related services ratably over the contract term. Under this new standard, the requirement to have VSOE for undelivered services is eliminated. Therefore, we will be required to recognize a portion of revenue from the on-premise term license contracts upon delivery of the software. In addition, we expect the new standard to impact our accounting for contract acquisition costs, both with respect to the amounts that will be capitalized as well as the period of amortization. Currently, we defer the direct and incremental commission costs to obtain a contract with a customer and amortize those costs over the term of the related customer contract consistent with the related revenue. Under the new standard, we will defer the incremental costs to obtain a contract with a customer. Therefore, the new standard will result in additional costs being capitalized, including fringe benefits. Under the new standard, initial incremental costs to obtain a contract will be amortized over the customer's estimated economic life of five years, which was calculated based on both qualitative and quantitative factors, such as product life cycles, contractual terms and customer attrition. Incremental contract costs paid relating to contract renewals will be deferred and amortized on a straight- line basis over the related renewal period. As a result, we expect the deferred commissions asset to increase and the related amortization expense in each reporting period to decrease under the new standard. We are still in the process of quantifying the effects of the adoption of ASC 606 as well as continuing to evaluate the impact of the adoption of the standard on our consolidated financial statements, including our footnotes. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), which was further clarified by ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases , and ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements , both issued in July 2018. ASU 2016-02 requires companies to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by lease assets. The new standard also requires additional disclosure of qualitative and quantitative information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements related to lease agreements. Because we will lose "emerging growth company" status effective December 31, 2019, the new standard will be adopted in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2019. ASU 2016-02 requires a transition adoption election of either (1) a modified retrospective approach with periods prior to the adoption date being restated or (2) a prospective adoption approach with a cumulative-effect adjustment recognized to the opening balance of retained earnings on the adoption date with prior periods not restated. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements. We plan to adopt this standard using the prospective adoption approach and electing the package of practical expedients allowed under the standard. The package of practical expedients will allow us not to reassess: (i) whether or not any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (ii) lease classification for any expired or existing leases and (iii) whether initial direct costs for any existing leases qualify for capitalization under ASU 2016-02. Additionally, we plan to elect the practical expedient to not separate lease components from non-lease components for leases related to office space. We do not plan on using the hindsight practical expedient when determining the lease term and assessing impairment of right-of-use assets. Although we are still evaluating the impact of the adoption of the standard on our condensed consolidated financial statements, we expect there will be a material increase to assets and liabilities related to the recognition of new right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on our balance sheet for leases currently classified as operating leases. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-02 to have a material impact on our consolidated statements of operations. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) ("ASU 2016-13"), which requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early application will be permitted for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on our consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement ("ASU 2018-13"), which eliminates, modifies and adds disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early application will be permitted. We do not expect ASU 2018-13 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Property and Equipment, net

Property and Equipment, net	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and Equipment, net	Property and Equipment, net Property and equipment, net consisted of the following as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands): September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Leasehold improvements $ 36,698 $ 9,958 Office furniture and fixtures 4,183 649 Computer hardware 3,690 2,535 Computer software 1,727 1,727 Equipment 80 138 46,378 15,007 Less: accumulated depreciation (6,355) (7,468) Property and equipment, net $ 40,023 $ 7,539 Depreciation and amortization totaled $1.3 million and $3.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Depreciation and amortization totaled $0.5 million and $1.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we retired $0.4 million of fully depreciated computer hardware and $0.1 million of fully depreciated equipment associated with the relocation of our corporate headquarters. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we retired $3.2 million of leasehold improvements, $0.8 million of computer hardware, $0.4 million of office furniture and fixtures and $0.1 million of equipment associated with the relocation of our corporate headquarters. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded a loss on disposal of $0.1 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we disposed of $0.1 million of fully depreciated computer hardware. There were no disposals in the three months ended September 30, 2018. At September 30, 2019, office furniture and fixtures included $3.7 million acquired under capital lease agreements and computer hardware included $0.8 million acquired under capital lease agreements. There were no assets acquired under capital lease agreements as of December 31, 2018. Accumulated depreciation related to office furniture and fixtures and computer hardware acquired under capital leases totaled $0.3 million at September 30, 2019. Amortization of assets acquired under capital leases is included in depreciation and amortization expense.

Accrued Expenses

Accrued Expenses	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued Expenses	Accrued Expenses Accrued expenses consisted of the following as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands): September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Accrued contract labor costs $ 2,558 $ 3,128 Accrued reimbursable employee expenses 1,318 459 Accrued hosting costs 931 579 Accrued audit and tax expenses 797 375 Accrued leasehold improvement costs 426 — Accrued third party license fees 301 729 Accrued marketing and tradeshow expenses 287 229 Accrued legal costs 276 — Other accrued expenses 1,022 1,965 Total $ 7,916 $ 7,464

Debt

Debt	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt	Debt Line of Credit In November 2017, we entered into a $20.0 million revolving line of credit with a lender. The facility matures in November 2022. We may elect whether amounts drawn on the revolving line of credit bear interest at a floating rate per annum equal to either the LIBOR or the prime rate plus an additional interest rate margin that is determined by the availability of the

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The provision for income taxes is based upon the estimated annual effective tax rates for the year applied to the current period income before tax plus the tax effect of any significant unusual items, discrete events or changes in tax law. Our operating subsidiaries are exposed to statutory effective tax rates ranging from zero to approximately 32%. Fluctuations in the distribution of pre-tax income among our operating subsidiaries can lead to fluctuations of the effective tax rate in the condensed consolidated financial statements. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the actual effective tax rates were (0.04)% and (1.0)%, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the actual effective tax rates were 0.2% and (0.6)%, respectively. We assess uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740-10, Accounting for Uncertainties in Income Taxes . As of September 30, 2019, our net unrecognized tax benefits totaled $1.0 million, of which the entire portion would favorably impact our effective tax rate in the period if recognized. We anticipate that the amount of reasonably possible unrecognized tax benefits that could decrease over the next 12 months due to the expiration of certain statutes of limitations and settlement of tax audits is not material to our consolidated financial statements. We file income tax returns in the United States federal jurisdiction and in many states and foreign jurisdictions. The tax years 2015 through 2018 remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions to which we are subject. We are not currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service for any open tax years.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation In May 2017, our board of directors adopted, and our stockholders approved, the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”), which became effective as of the date of the final prospectus for our initial public offering. The 2017 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options to employees, and for the grant of nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, stock appreciation rights, performance-based stock awards and other forms of equity compensation to employees, including officers, and to non-employee directors and consultants. We initially reserved 6,421,442 shares of Class A common stock for issuance under the 2017 Plan, which included 421,442 shares that remained available for issuance under our 2007 Stock Option Plan (the “2007 Plan”) at the time that the 2017 Plan became effective. The number of shares reserved under the 2017 Plan increases for any shares subject to outstanding awards originally granted under the 2007 Plan that expire or are forfeited prior to exercise. As a result of the adoption of the 2017 Plan, no further grants may be made under the 2007 Plan. As of September 30, 2019, there were 7,099,083 shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance under the 2017 Plan, of which 4,859,478 were available to be issued. We estimate the fair value of stock options containing only a service condition using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, which requires the use of subjective assumptions, including the expected term of the option, the current price of the underlying stock, the expected stock price volatility, expected dividend yield and the risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option. The expected term represents the period of time the stock options are expected to be outstanding. Due to the lack of sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to otherwise estimate the expected term of the stock options, we use the simplified method to estimate the expected term for our stock options. Under the simplified method, the expected term of an option is presumed to be the mid-point between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term. Expected volatility is based on historical volatilities for publicly traded stock of comparable companies over the estimated expected term of the stock options. We assume no dividend yield because dividends are not expected to be paid in the near future, which is consistent with our history of not paying dividends. In May 2019, our board of directors granted a stock option to purchase 700,000 shares of our Class A common stock to our Chief Executive Officer (the "2019 CEO Grant") under the 2017 Plan with an exercise price of $33.98 per share. The 2019 CEO Grant is eligible to vest based on the achievement of a stock price appreciation target of our Class A common stock. Specifically, the 2019 CEO Grant will vest when shares of our Class A common stock closes at or above $84.63 per share for a period equal to or greater than 90 calendar days or upon the occurrence of a change in control in which the value of our Class A common stock is equal to or greater than $84.63 per share within five years of the grant date. The fair value of the 2019 CEO Grant was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation. The fair value of the award at the grant date was $9.5 million and will be amortized over the derived service period of 2.6 years. There were no stock options granted during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. The following table summarizes the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018: Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 2018 Risk-free interest rate 2.1% * Expected term (in years) 2.6 * Expected volatility 55.0% * Expected dividend yield —% * * Not applicable because no stock options were granted during the period Stock Options The following table summarizes the stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019: Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) January 1, 2019 5,021,068 $ 7.30 6.4 $ 97,440 Granted 700,000 33.98 Exercised (1,017,391) 3.98 37,562 Canceled (58,620) 10.19 Outstanding at September 30, 2019 4,645,057 12.02 6.0 164,826 Exercisable at September 30, 2019 2,894,857 7.39 5.9 116,112 The weighted average grant-date fair value of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $13.57 per share. No stock options were granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The total fair value of stock options that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $1.7 million and $10.2 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2019, the total compensation cost related to unvested stock options not yet recognized was $9.6 million, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.2 years. Restricted Stock Units The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019: Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Non-vested outstanding at January 1, 2019 1,175,049 $ 26.04 Granted 199,845 36.50 Vested (379,462) 29.83 Canceled (28,556) 29.11 Non-vested outstanding at September 30, 2019 966,876 26.63 As of September 30, 2019, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units was approximately $21.3 million, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.2 years. In November 2018, our co-founders were granted 255,930 restricted stock units under the 2017 Plan at a fair value of $30.06 per share. The awards were approved by the board of directors. The value of these awards at the grant date was $7.7 million and was amortized over the vesting periods. The restricted stock units vested during the three months ended March 31, 2019. The following table summarizes the components of our stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 Stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock units $ 1,873 $ 1,477 $ 10,544 $ 3,388 Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options 1,176 5,232 2,235 7,559 Stock-based compensation expense related to the issuance of common stock to directors 92 92 276 300 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 3,141 $ 6,801 $ 13,055 $ 11,247 Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units, stock options and issuances of common stock is included in the following line items in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 Cost of revenue Subscriptions, software and support $ 147 $ 138 $ 462 $ 355 Professional services 243 222 2,461 645 Operating expenses Sales and marketing 776 736 3,971 1,781 Research and development 433 373 2,983 1,106 General and administrative 1,542 5,332 3,178 7,360 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 3,141 $ 6,801 $ 13,055 $ 11,247

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders' Equity	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Equity [Abstract]
Stockholders' Equity	Stockholders’ Equity As of September 30, 2019, we had authorized 500,000,000 shares of Class A common stock and 100,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, each with a par value of $0.0001 per share, of which 34,204,362 shares of Class A common stock and 32,942,636 shares of Class B common stock were issued and outstanding. The rights of the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion rights. The holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share, and the holders of Class B common stock are entitled to ten votes per share, on all matters that are subject to stockholder vote. The holders of Class B common stock also have approval rights for certain corporate actions. Each share of Class B common stock may be converted into one share of Class A common stock at the option of its holder and will be automatically converted into one share of Class A common stock upon transfer thereof, subject to certain exceptions. In addition, upon the date on which the outstanding shares of Class B common stock represent less than 10% of the aggregate voting power of our capital stock, all outstanding shares of Class B common stock shall convert automatically into Class A common stock.

Basic and Diluted Loss per Comm

Basic and Diluted Loss per Common Share	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Basic and Diluted Loss per Common Share	Basic and Diluted Loss per Common Share The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding, prior to the use of the treasury stock method or the if-converted method, have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding for the respective periods below because they would have been anti-dilutive: Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 2018 Stock options 4,645,057 5,642,484 Non-vested restricted stock units 966,876 1,021,970

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies Operating Leases We lease office space and equipment under non-cancellable operating lease agreements which have various expiration dates through 2031 for our office space and various expiration dates through 2020 for our equipment. In April 2018, we entered into a new lease agreement for a new headquarters in Tysons, Virginia. We took initial possession of the first phase of the new headquarters in October 2018 and began to recognize rent expense. We expect to start making recurring rental payments under the lease in the third quarter of 2020. Total payments committed under the lease amount to $87.2 million. In connection with the lease agreement, we also entered into a letter of credit of $9.4 million to fund the security deposit required by the lease. The lease for the new headquarters contains a tenant improvement allowance of up to $18.4 million from the landlord. The tenant improvement allowance is accounted for as a lease incentive obligation and is amortized as a reduction to rent expense over the lease term. We recorded a lease incentive obligation when we took initial possession of the first phase of the new headquarters. We took initial possession of the second phase in February 2019 and recorded an additional lease incentive obligation. As of September 30, 2019, $1.4 million was included in other current liabilities and $15.7 million was included in deferred rent, net of current portion on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2018, $1.2 million was included in other current liabilities and $14.4 million was included in deferred rent, net of current portion on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Capital Leases We lease certain office furniture and fixtures and computer hardware under non-cancellable capital lease agreements that have expiration dates in 2022. As of September 30, 2019, office furniture and fixtures and computer hardware acquired under capital lease agreements totaled $3.7 million and $0.8 million, respectively. There were no assets acquired under capital lease agreements as of December 31, 2018. A summary of our future minimum payments under non-cancellable operating and capital lease agreements by year as of September 30, 2019 is as follows (in thousands): Operating Leases Capital Leases Remainder of 2019 $ 1,073 $ 405 2020 3,312 1,620 2021 6,840 1,620 2022 6,983 884 2023 7,035 — Thereafter 65,217 — Total minimum lease payments 90,460 4,529 Less: amounts representing interest — (337) Present value of lease obligations $ 90,460 $ 4,192 We record rent expense using the total minimum rent commitment, amortized using the straight-line method over the term of the lease. The difference between monthly rental payments and recorded rent expense is charged to deferred rent. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, deferred rent totaled $22.6 million and $17.4 million, respectively, and is included within other current liabilities and deferred rent, net of current portion on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. In addition to rental payments, certain leases require additional payments for real estate taxes, common area maintenance and insurance, which are expensed when incurred and not included in future minimum payments. Total rent and lease expense was $2.5 million and $8.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Total rent and lease expense was $1.9 million and $5.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. Other Commitments We also have entered into a non-cancellable agreement for the use of technology that is integral in the development of our software and pay annual royalty fees of $0.3 million. Letters of Credit As of each of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $10.5 million in connection with securing our leased office space. All letters of credit are secured by our borrowing arrangement as described in Note 5. Legal

Segment and Geographic Informat

Segment and Geographic Information	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment and Geographic Information	Segment and Geographic Information The following table summarizes revenue by geography for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 Domestic $ 46,859 $ 38,982 $ 135,037 $ 116,498 International 22,528 15,966 60,840 50,029 Total $ 69,387 $ 54,948 $ 195,877 $ 166,527 With respect to geographic information, revenue is attributed to respective geographies based on the contracting address of the customer. Revenues from external customers attributed to the United Kingdom were 12.1% and 10.8% of our total revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. There were no individual foreign countries from which more than 10% of our total revenue was attributable for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Substantially all of our long-lived assets were held in the United States as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events In preparing our condensed consolidated financial statements, we evaluated subsequent events through October 31, 2019, which is the date that the condensed consolidated financial statements were available to be issued. On October 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the grant of 224,770 restricted stock units under the 2017 Plan at a fair value of $44.34 per share to members of management and other employees. The value of these awards at the grant date was $10.0 million and will be amortized over the vesting periods. The restricted stock units vest over five years through November 5, 2024.

Significant Accounting Polici_2

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and footnotes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) as contained in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) for interim financial information. In the opinion of management, the interim financial information includes all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations, financial position, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows. The results of operations for the current period are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year or the results for any future periods. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related footnotes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 21, 2019.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Although we believe that the estimates we use are reasonable, due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making these estimates, actual results reported in future periods could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates embedded in the condensed consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition, income taxes and the related valuation allowance and stock-based compensation.
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Appian and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Revenue Recognition, Deferred Revenue, and Cost of Revenue	Revenue Recognition We generate revenue primarily through sales of subscriptions to our platform, as well as professional services. We recognize revenue when all of the following conditions are met: (1) there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; (2) the service or product has been provided to the customer; (3) the amount of fees to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable; and (4) the collection of related fees is reasonably assured. If collection is not reasonably assured, we defer revenue recognition until collectability becomes reasonably assured. Our arrangements do not contain general rights of return. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers and subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Subscriptions, Software and Support Revenue Subscriptions, software and support revenue is primarily related to (1) software as a service (“SaaS”) subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support and hosting services and (2) term license subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support. We generally charge subscription fees on a per-user basis or, alternatively, non-user based single application licenses. We bill customers and collect payment for subscriptions to our platform in advance on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis. In certain instances, we have had customers pay their entire contract up front. SaaS Subscriptions Our SaaS subscription revenue is derived from customers accessing our cloud offering pursuant to contracts that are generally one Term License Subscriptions Our term license subscription revenue is derived from customers with on-premises installations of our platform pursuant to contracts that are generally one one Professional Services Our professional services revenue is comprised of fees for consulting services, including application development and deployment assistance and training related to our platform. Our professional services are not essential to the functionality of our platform because the platform is ready for the customer’s use immediately upon delivery and is not modified or customized in any manner. Consulting services are billed under both time-and-material and fixed-fee arrangements. For standalone time-and-material contracts, we recognize revenue at contractually agreed upon billing rates applied to hours performed. For standalone fixed-fee contracts, we also recognize revenue as the work is performed using the proportional performance method of accounting. Training revenue is recognized when the associated training services are delivered. Training is also sold in the form of a subscription arrangement where a customer agrees to pay an annual fixed fee for a fixed number of users to have access to all our training offerings during the year. Revenue from training subscription agreements is recognized ratably over the subscription period. We defer recognition of revenue from work performed on pending contract modifications until the period in which the modifications are accepted and funding is approved by the customer. Costs of work performed on pending contract modifications are expensed as incurred. Multiple Element Arrangements Our multiple element arrangements are from SaaS subscriptions and term license subscriptions that are generally sold in combination with maintenance and support service and frequently with professional services. SaaS Subscriptions For multiple element arrangements involving SaaS subscriptions that include professional services in addition to the subscription to our platform, we evaluate each element to determine whether it represents a separate unit of accounting. Because there are third-party vendors who routinely sell and provide the same professional services to our customers, our professional services are deemed to have standalone value apart from the SaaS subscription. Additionally, we offer both SaaS subscriptions and professional services on a standalone basis. Professional services revenue is therefore accounted for separately from subscription fees and recognized as the professional services are performed. We allocate revenue to the elements based on the selling price hierarchy using vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of selling price, third-party evidence (“TPE”) of selling price, or if neither exists, best estimated selling price (“BESP”). In cases where we do not have VSOE or TPE of the elements of our arrangements, we use BESP to allocate revenue. We determine BESP for a service by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, evaluating the weighted average of actual sales prices and other factors such as gross margin objectives, pricing practices and growth strategy. Pricing practices taken into consideration include historic contractually stated prices, volume discounts where applicable and our price lists. While we believe we can make reliable estimates regarding these matters, these estimates are inherently subjective. Once the revenue is allocated to these elements, revenue is recognized as such services are provided. Term License Subscriptions For multiple element arrangements involving term license subscriptions, maintenance and support and professional services, we do not have VSOE of fair value for the maintenance and support. Our term license subscriptions are generally not sold on a standalone basis, and therefore, we have not established VSOE of fair value for the subscriptions. Consequently, for our bundled arrangements that include certain professional services, there are two undelivered elements for which VSOE of fair value has not been established and, therefore, we utilize the combined services approach and defer all revenue until the software has been delivered and the provision of all services has commenced. We then recognize the entire fee from the arrangement ratably over the remaining period of the arrangement, assuming all other software revenue recognition criteria have been met. Deferred Revenue Deferred revenue primarily consists of amounts billed or billable in advance of revenue recognition from our subscriptions, software, and support and professional services described above. Deferred revenue is recognized as the revenue recognition criteria are met. Cost of Revenue Cost of Subscriptions, Software and Support Revenue Cost of subscriptions, software and support revenue consists primarily of fees paid to our third-party managed hosting providers and other third-party service providers, personnel costs, including payroll and benefits for our technology operations and customer support teams, and allocated facility costs and overhead. Cost of Professional Services Revenue Cost of professional services revenue includes all direct and indirect costs to deliver our professional services and training, including employee compensation for our global professional services and training personnel, travel costs, third-party contractor costs and allocated facility costs and overhead.
Concentration of Credit and Customer Risk	Concentration of Credit and Customer Risk Our financial instruments that are exposed to concentration of credit and customer risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. We believe that the financial institutions that hold our cash deposits are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these balances.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Non-Trade Receivables	Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Accounts receivable are stated at realizable value, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on our assessment of the collectability of accounts. We regularly review the composition of the accounts receivable aging, historical bad debts, changes in payment patterns, customer creditworthiness and current economic trends. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in their inability to make required payments, additional provisions for doubtful accounts would be required and would increase bad debt expense. To date, our allowance and related bad debt write-offs have been nominal. There was no change in the allowance for doubtful accounts from December 31, 2018 to September 30, 2019. Non-Trade Receivables We record non-trade receivables to reflect amounts due for activities other than sales of subscriptions to our platform and professional services. Our non-trade receivables relate entirely to a receivable from our tenant improvement allowance. The tenant improvement allowance receivable was $14.4 million as of December 31, 2018 and is classified within prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. We recognized our initial tenant improvement allowance receivable of $15.8 million related to our new headquarters once we took initial possession of the space in October 2018. We recognized additional tenant improvement allowance receivable of $2.6 million when we took possession of adjacent office space in February 2019. We had received the entire tenant improvement allowance as of September 30, 2019, and therefore, there was no receivable balance remaining as of such date.
Deferred Commissions	Deferred CommissionsDeferred commissions are the incremental costs that are directly associated with subscription agreements with customers and consist of sales commissions paid to our direct sales force. Commissions are considered direct and incremental and as such are deferred and amortized over the terms of the related customer contracts consistent with the related revenue. Amortization of deferred commissions is included in sales and marketing expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Property and Equipment	Property and EquipmentProperty and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Significant additions or improvements extending the useful life of an asset are capitalized, while repairs and maintenance costs which do not significantly improve the related assets or extend their useful lives are charged to expense as incurred.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 because of the relatively short duration of these instruments. We use a three-tier fair value hierarchy to classify and disclose all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, in periods subsequent to their initial measurement. The hierarchy requires us to use observable inputs when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. The three tiers are defined as follows: • Level 1. Observable inputs based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; • Level 2. Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and • Level 3. Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, which require us to develop our own assumptions.
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based CompensationWe account for stock-based compensation expense related to stock-based awards based on the estimated fair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the fair value of stock options containing only a service condition using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model. The fair value of restricted stock units is based on the closing market price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market on the date of grant. For service-based awards, stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. For performance-based awards, stock-based compensation expense is recognized using the accelerated attribution method, based on the probability of satisfying the performance condition. For awards that contain market conditions, compensation expense is measured using a Monte Carlo simulation and recognized using the accelerated attribution method over the derived service period based on the expected market performance as of the grant date. For restricted stock units, stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. We account for forfeitures as they occur, rather than estimating expected forfeitures.
Emerging Growth Company Status	Emerging Growth Company StatusWe are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”). We will remain an emerging growth company until December 31, 2019. After that date, we will no longer be an "emerging growth company" but will then be a "large accelerated filer," because over $700 million of our outstanding equity securities were held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2019. The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Thus, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to avail ourselves of this extended transition period and, as a result, we will not adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for other public companies.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”), which aims to reduce the existing diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 will require adoption on a retrospective basis unless it is impracticable to apply, in which case we would be required to apply the amendments prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 did not have an impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("ASU 2018-02"), which provides entities the option to reclassify to retained earnings tax effects related to items in accumulated other comprehensive income ("OCI") that the FASB refers to as having been stranded in accumulated OCI as a result of tax reform. ASU 2018-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2018-02 did not have an impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. Not Yet Adopted In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASC 606”), which provides new guidance for revenue recognition. ASC 606 provides that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASC 606 also requires improved disclosures to help users of financial statements better understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue that is recognized. Entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach for the adoption of the standard. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Principal Versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross Versus Net) (“ASU 2016-08”), which clarifies implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations in ASC 606. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing (“ASU 2016-10”), which clarifies the identification of performance obligations and the licensing implementation guidance in ASC 606. In addition, in May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients ("ASU 2016-12"), which clarifies the guidance on assessing collectibility, presentation of sales taxes, noncash consideration and completed contracts and contract modifications at transition. For public entities, the new standard is effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. For all other entities, the new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. We have elected to avail ourselves of the JOBS Act extended transition period that permits us to defer adoption until January 1, 2019. In accordance with guidance, the new standard will be adopted in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019 but has not been adopted in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q during 2019. The ASC 606 guidance allows two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period (full retrospective method) or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (modified retrospective method). We intend to adopt the new standard using the modified retrospective method. We do not expect the new standard to have a material impact on the timing of revenue recognition related to our cloud-based subscriptions and standalone professional services. However, we expect the new standard to have a significant impact on the timing of revenue recognition related to our on-premise term license contracts. Under current industry-specific software revenue recognition guidance, we have historically concluded that we did not have VSOE of fair value of the undelivered services related to on-premise term license contracts, and accordingly, have recognized on-premise term license contracts and related services ratably over the contract term. Under this new standard, the requirement to have VSOE for undelivered services is eliminated. Therefore, we will be required to recognize a portion of revenue from the on-premise term license contracts upon delivery of the software. In addition, we expect the new standard to impact our accounting for contract acquisition costs, both with respect to the amounts that will be capitalized as well as the period of amortization. Currently, we defer the direct and incremental commission costs to obtain a contract with a customer and amortize those costs over the term of the related customer contract consistent with the related revenue. Under the new standard, we will defer the incremental costs to obtain a contract with a customer. Therefore, the new standard will result in additional costs being capitalized, including fringe benefits. Under the new standard, initial incremental costs to obtain a contract will be amortized over the customer's estimated economic life of five years, which was calculated based on both qualitative and quantitative factors, such as product life cycles, contractual terms and customer attrition. Incremental contract costs paid relating to contract renewals will be deferred and amortized on a straight- line basis over the related renewal period. As a result, we expect the deferred commissions asset to increase and the related amortization expense in each reporting period to decrease under the new standard. We are still in the process of quantifying the effects of the adoption of ASC 606 as well as continuing to evaluate the impact of the adoption of the standard on our consolidated financial statements, including our footnotes. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), which was further clarified by ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases , and ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements , both issued in July 2018. ASU 2016-02 requires companies to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by lease assets. The new standard also requires additional disclosure of qualitative and quantitative information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements related to lease agreements. Because we will lose "emerging growth company" status effective December 31, 2019, the new standard will be adopted in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2019. ASU 2016-02 requires a transition adoption election of either (1) a modified retrospective approach with periods prior to the adoption date being restated or (2) a prospective adoption approach with a cumulative-effect adjustment recognized to the opening balance of retained earnings on the adoption date with prior periods not restated. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements. We plan to adopt this standard using the prospective adoption approach and electing the package of practical expedients allowed under the standard. The package of practical expedients will allow us not to reassess: (i) whether or not any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (ii) lease classification for any expired or existing leases and (iii) whether initial direct costs for any existing leases qualify for capitalization under ASU 2016-02. Additionally, we plan to elect the practical expedient to not separate lease components from non-lease components for leases related to office space. We do not plan on using the hindsight practical expedient when determining the lease term and assessing impairment of right-of-use assets. Although we are still evaluating the impact of the adoption of the standard on our condensed consolidated financial statements, we expect there will be a material increase to assets and liabilities related to the recognition of new right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on our balance sheet for leases currently classified as operating leases. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-02 to have a material impact on our consolidated statements of operations. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) ("ASU 2016-13"), which requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early application will be permitted for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on our consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement ("ASU 2018-13"), which eliminates, modifies and adds disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early application will be permitted. We do not expect ASU 2018-13 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, Plant, and Equipment (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property, Plant and Equipment	Property and equipment, net consisted of the following as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands): September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Leasehold improvements $ 36,698 $ 9,958 Office furniture and fixtures 4,183 649 Computer hardware 3,690 2,535 Computer software 1,727 1,727 Equipment 80 138 46,378 15,007 Less: accumulated depreciation (6,355) (7,468) Property and equipment, net $ 40,023 $ 7,539

Accrued Expenses (Tables)

Accrued Expenses (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Schedule of Accrued Expenses	Accrued expenses consisted of the following as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands): September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Accrued contract labor costs $ 2,558 $ 3,128 Accrued reimbursable employee expenses 1,318 459 Accrued hosting costs 931 579 Accrued audit and tax expenses 797 375 Accrued leasehold improvement costs 426 — Accrued third party license fees 301 729 Accrued marketing and tradeshow expenses 287 229 Accrued legal costs 276 — Other accrued expenses 1,022 1,965 Total $ 7,916 $ 7,464

Stock-Based Compensation (Table

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Summary of Assumptions Used to Estimate the Fair Value of Stock Options Granted	The following table summarizes the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018: Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 2018 Risk-free interest rate 2.1% * Expected term (in years) 2.6 * Expected volatility 55.0% * Expected dividend yield —% * * Not applicable because no stock options were granted during the period
Summary of the Stock Option Activity	The following table summarizes the stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019: Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) January 1, 2019 5,021,068 $ 7.30 6.4 $ 97,440 Granted 700,000 33.98 Exercised (1,017,391) 3.98 37,562 Canceled (58,620) 10.19 Outstanding at September 30, 2019 4,645,057 12.02 6.0 164,826 Exercisable at September 30, 2019 2,894,857 7.39 5.9 116,112
Schedule of Restricted Stock Unit Activity	The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019: Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Non-vested outstanding at January 1, 2019 1,175,049 $ 26.04 Granted 199,845 36.50 Vested (379,462) 29.83 Canceled (28,556) 29.11 Non-vested outstanding at September 30, 2019 966,876 26.63
Schedule of Components of Stock-based Compensation Expense	The following table summarizes the components of our stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 Stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock units $ 1,873 $ 1,477 $ 10,544 $ 3,388 Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options 1,176 5,232 2,235 7,559 Stock-based compensation expense related to the issuance of common stock to directors 92 92 276 300 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 3,141 $ 6,801 $ 13,055 $ 11,247
Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense Included in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units, stock options and issuances of common stock is included in the following line items in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 Cost of revenue Subscriptions, software and support $ 147 $ 138 $ 462 $ 355 Professional services 243 222 2,461 645 Operating expenses Sales and marketing 776 736 3,971 1,781 Research and development 433 373 2,983 1,106 General and administrative 1,542 5,332 3,178 7,360 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 3,141 $ 6,801 $ 13,055 $ 11,247

Basic and Diluted Loss per Co_2

Basic and Diluted Loss per Common Share (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Summary of Securities Excluded From Calculation of Weighted Average Common Shares	The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding, prior to the use of the treasury stock method or the if-converted method, have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding for the respective periods below because they would have been anti-dilutive: Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 2018 Stock options 4,645,057 5,642,484 Non-vested restricted stock units 966,876 1,021,970

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases	A summary of our future minimum payments under non-cancellable operating and capital lease agreements by year as of September 30, 2019 is as follows (in thousands): Operating Leases Capital Leases Remainder of 2019 $ 1,073 $ 405 2020 3,312 1,620 2021 6,840 1,620 2022 6,983 884 2023 7,035 — Thereafter 65,217 — Total minimum lease payments 90,460 4,529 Less: amounts representing interest — (337) Present value of lease obligations $ 90,460 $ 4,192

Segment and Geographic Inform_2

Segment and Geographic Information (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Summary of Revenue By Geography	The following table summarizes revenue by geography for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 Domestic $ 46,859 $ 38,982 $ 135,037 $ 116,498 International 22,528 15,966 60,840 50,029 Total $ 69,387 $ 54,948 $ 195,877 $ 166,527

Significant Accounting Polici_3

Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Feb. 28, 2019	Oct. 31, 2018
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Change in allowance for doubtful accounts				$ 0		$ 0
Tenant improvement allowance receivable	$ 0	$ 0		0		$ 14,400,000		$ 15,800,000
Additional tenant improvement receivable							$ 2,600,000
Commission expense		$ 4,900,000	$ 4,000,000	$ 14,000,000	$ 10,200,000
Customer Concentration Risk | Sales Revenue, Net | Foreign Customers
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage		32.50%	29.10%	31.10%	30.00%
Customer Concentration Risk | Sales Revenue, Net | Government Agencies
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage		15.90%	14.10%	17.00%	16.10%
Customer Concentration Risk | Sales Revenue, Net | Federal Government Agencies
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage		7.00%	7.20%	7.00%	8.70%
Minimum
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
SaaS Subscriptions contracts term				1 year
Term license subscription contracts term				1 year
Maximum
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
SaaS Subscriptions contracts term				3 years
Term license subscription contracts term				3 years
Computer software
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Useful Life (in years)				3 years
Computer hardware
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Useful Life (in years)				3 years
Equipment
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Useful Life (in years)				5 years
Office furniture and fixtures
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Useful Life (in years)				10 years
Underwritten Public Offering | Class A Common Stock
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of shares issued in public offering (in shares)	2,329,000
Number of shares issued in public offering, by the Company (in shares)	1,825,000
Number of shares issued in public offering, by the existing shareholders (in shares)	504,000
Exercise price of shares sold in public offering (in usd per share)	$ 55.70	$ 55.70		$ 55.70
Net proceeds from public offering	$ 101,300,000

Property, Plant, and Equipmen_2

Property, Plant, and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 46,378,000		$ 46,378,000		$ 15,007,000
Less: accumulated depreciation	(6,355,000)		(6,355,000)		(7,468,000)
Property and equipment, net	40,023,000		40,023,000		7,539,000
Depreciation and amortization expense	1,300,000	$ 500,000	3,300,000	$ 1,500,000
Disposal of property plant and equipment		$ 0
Loss (gain) on disposal of equipment			146,000	(4,000)
Capital leases					0
Accumulated depreciation for assets under capital lease	300,000		300,000
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	36,698,000		36,698,000		9,958,000
Disposal of property plant and equipment			3,200,000
Office furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	4,183,000		4,183,000		649,000
Disposal of property plant and equipment			400,000
Capital leases	3,700,000		3,700,000
Computer hardware
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	3,690,000		3,690,000		2,535,000
Disposal of property plant and equipment	400,000		800,000	$ 100,000
Computer software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	1,727,000		1,727,000		1,727,000
Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	80,000		80,000		$ 138,000
Disposal of property plant and equipment	$ 100,000		$ 100,000

Accrued Expenses - Schedule of

Accrued Expenses - Schedule of Accrued Expenses (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued contract labor costs	$ 2,558	$ 3,128
Accrued reimbursable employee expenses	1,318	459
Accrued hosting costs	931	579
Accrued audit and tax expenses	797	375
Accrued leasehold improvement costs	426	0
Accrued third party license fees	301	729
Accrued marketing and tradeshow expenses	287	229
Accrued legal costs	276	0
Other accrued expenses	1,022	1,965
Total	$ 7,916	$ 7,464

Debt - Additional Information (

Debt - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2019
Revolving Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit facility	$ 20,000,000
Term Loan
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit, outstanding borrowings		$ 0
Minimum
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Unused credit facility fee	0.15%
Quick ratio	135.00%
Minimum | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate margin	2.00%
Minimum | Prime Rate
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate margin	1.00%
Maximum
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Unused credit facility fee	0.25%
Maximum | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate margin	2.50%
Maximum | Prime Rate
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate margin	1.50%

Income Taxes - Additional Infor

Income Taxes - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Effective tax rate	(0.04%)	0.20%	(1.00%)	(0.60%)
Net unrecognized tax benefits which would impact effective tax rate if recognized	$ 1		$ 1
Earliest Tax Year
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Open tax year			2015
Latest Tax Year
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Open tax year			2018
Minimum | Subsidiaries
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Effective tax rate			0.00%
Maximum | Subsidiaries
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Effective tax rate			32.00%

Stock-Based Compensation - Addi

Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	May 31, 2019	Nov. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	May 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average grant-date fair value (in usd per share)			$ 13.57
Vested in period, value			$ 1.7	$ 10.2
Compensation cost related to nonvested stock options not yet recognized			$ 9.6
Unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock option recognized over weighted average period, in years			2 years 2 months 12 days
Stock option cancellation agreement, vested options to purchase (in shares)			700,000
Granted (in shares)			700,000
Exercise price of stock options granted (in usd per share)			$ 33.98
Service period (in years)			6 years		6 years 4 months 24 days
Restricted Stock Units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units			$ 21.3
Weighted average remaining vesting period			2 years 2 months 12 days
Grant of RSUs (in shares)			199,845
Fair value of shares granted (in usd per share)			$ 36.50
2017 Equity Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares available to be issued (in shares)			4,859,478
2017 Equity Incentive Plan | Restricted Stock Units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Value of award at grant date		$ 7.7
Grant of RSUs (in shares)		255,930
Fair value of shares granted (in usd per share)		$ 30.06
2017 Equity Incentive Plan | Class A Common Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares available to be issued (in shares)			7,099,083			6,421,442
2007 Stock Option Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares available to be issued (in shares)						421,442
Number of shares available for grants (in shares)						0
Chief Executive Officer | 2017 Equity Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock option cancellation agreement, vested options to purchase (in shares)	700,000
Granted (in shares)	700,000
Exercise price of stock options granted (in usd per share)	$ 33.98
Share price (in usd per share)	$ 84.63
Value of award at grant date	$ 9.5
Service period (in years)	2 years 7 months 6 days

Stock-Based Compensation - Assu

Stock-Based Compensation - Assumptions Used to Estimate Fair Value of Stock Options (Detail)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Risk-free interest rate	210.00%
Expected term (in years)	2 years 7 months 6 days
Expected volatility	55.00%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%

Stock-Based Compensation - Summ

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of the Stock Option Activity (Detail) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019USD ($)$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)$ / sharesshares
Number of Shares
January 1, 2019 (in shares) | shares	5,021,068
Granted (in shares) | shares	700,000
Exercised (in shares) | shares	(1,017,391)
Canceled (in shares) | shares	(58,620)
Outstanding at September 30, 2019 (in shares) | shares	4,645,057	5,021,068
Exercisable at September 30, 2019 (in shares) | shares	2,894,857
Weighted Average Exercise Price
January 1, 2019 (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 7.30
Granted (in usd per share) | $ / shares	33.98
Exercised (in usd per share) | $ / shares	3.98
Canceled (in usd per share) | $ / shares	10.19
Outstanding at September 30, 2019 (in usd per share) | $ / shares	12.02	$ 7.30
Exercisable at September 30, 2019 (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 7.39
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
January 1, 2019	6 years	6 years 4 months 24 days
Outstanding at September 30, 2019	6 years	6 years 4 months 24 days
Exercisable at September 30, 2019	5 years 10 months 24 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
January 1, 2019 | $	$ 97,440
Exercised | $	37,562
Outstanding at September 30, 2019 | $	164,826	$ 97,440
Exercisable at September 30, 2019 | $	$ 116,112

Stock-Based Compensation - Sche

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Restricted Stock Unit Activity (Detail) - Restricted Stock Units	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019$ / sharesshares
Number of Shares
Non-vested outstanding at January 1, 2019 (in shares) | shares	1,175,049
Granted (in shares) | shares	199,845
Vested (in shares) | shares	(379,462)
Canceled (in shares) | shares	(28,556)
Non-vested outstanding at September 30, 2019 (in shares) | shares	966,876
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested outstanding at January 1, 2019 (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 26.04
Fair value of shares granted (in usd per share) | $ / shares	36.50
Vested (in usd per share) | $ / shares	29.83
Canceled (in usd per share) | $ / shares	29.11
Non-vested outstanding at September 30, 2019 (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 26.63

Stock-Based Compensation - Sc_2

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 3,141	$ 6,801	$ 13,055	$ 11,247
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	1,873	1,477	10,544	3,388
Employee Stock Option
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	1,176	5,232	2,235	7,559
Issuance Of Common Stock To Directors
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 92	$ 92	$ 276	$ 300

Stock-Based Compensation - Sc_3

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense Included in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 3,141	$ 6,801	$ 13,055	$ 11,247
Subscriptions, Software, And Support
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	147	138	462	355
Professional Services
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	243	222	2,461	645
Selling and Marketing Expense
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	776	736	3,971	1,781
Research and Development Expense
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	433	373	2,983	1,106
General and Administrative Expense
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 1,542	$ 5,332	$ 3,178	$ 7,360

Stockholders' Equity (Detail)

Stockholders' Equity (Detail)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019vote_per_share$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2018$ / sharesshares
Class A Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, par value (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	34,204,362	29,626,054
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	34,204,362	29,626,054
Number of votes entitled to stockholders per share | vote_per_share	1
Conversion of stock (in shares)	1
Maximum percentage of aggregate voting power of capital stock which triggers conversion of stock	10.00%
Class B Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, par value (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	32,942,636	34,290,383
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	32,942,636	34,290,383
Number of votes entitled to stockholders per share | vote_per_share	10

Basic and Diluted Loss per Co_3

Basic and Diluted Loss per Common Share - Summary of Securities Excluded From Calculation of Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding (Detail) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Employee Stock Option
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock (in shares)	4,645,057	5,642,484
Restricted Stock Units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock (in shares)	966,876	1,021,970

Commitments and Contingencies -

Commitments and Contingencies -Narrative (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Apr. 30, 2018
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total payments committed under operating lease	$ 90,460,000		$ 90,460,000			$ 87,200,000
Tenant improvement allowance, maximum	18,400,000		18,400,000
Deferred rent credit	1,400,000		1,400,000		$ 1,200,000
Deferred rent credit, net of current portion	15,700,000		15,700,000		14,400,000
Office furniture and fixtures acquired under capital lease agreements					0
Deferred rent, noncurrent	22,600,000		22,600,000		17,400,000
Total rent and lease expense	2,500,000	$ 1,900,000	8,000,000	$ 5,800,000
Payment of royalty fees			300,000
Outstanding letters of credit	10,500,000		10,500,000		$ 10,500,000
Letter of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Letter of credit entered into in connection with lease						$ 9,400,000
Computer hardware
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Office furniture and fixtures acquired under capital lease agreements	800,000		800,000
Office furniture and fixtures
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Office furniture and fixtures acquired under capital lease agreements	$ 3,700,000		$ 3,700,000

Commitments and Contingencies_2

Commitments and Contingencies - Future Minimum Lease Commitments (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2018
Operating Leases
Remainder of 2019	$ 1,073
2020	3,312
2021	6,840
2022	6,983
2023	7,035
Thereafter	65,217
Total minimum lease payments	90,460	$ 87,200
Capital Leases
Remainder of 2019	405
2020	1,620
2021	1,620
2022	884
2023	0
Thereafter	0
Total minimum lease payments	4,529
Less: amounts representing interest	(337)
Present value of capital lease obligations	$ 4,192

Segment and Geographic Inform_3

Segment and Geographic Information - Summary of Revenues By Geography (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 69,387	$ 54,948	$ 195,877	$ 166,527
Domestic
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	46,859	38,982	135,037	116,498
International
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 22,528	$ 15,966	$ 60,840	$ 50,029

Segment and Geographic Inform_4

Segment and Geographic Information - Additional Information (Detail)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019
Sales Revenue, Net | Geographic Concentration Risk
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	12.10%	10.80%

Subsequent Events (Details)

Subsequent Events (Details) - Restricted Stock - Subsequent Event $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	Oct. 29, 2019USD ($)$ / sharesshares
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Grant of RSUs (in shares) | shares	224,770
Fair value of shares granted (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 44.34
Value of awards at the grant date | $	$ 10
Vesting period	5 years