| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated. Use of Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, allowances for doubtful accounts, stock-based compensation, fair value of common stock and redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants prior to the IPO, legal contingencies, fair value of acquired intangible assets and goodwill, useful lives of acquired intangible assets and property and equipment, and accounting for income taxes. The Company bases these estimates on historical and anticipated results, trends and various other assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances, including assumptions as to future events. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Emerging Growth Company Status As an “emerging growth company” (“EGC”), the Jump-start Our Business Start-ups Act (“JOBS Act”), allows the Company to delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. The Company has elected to use this extended transition period under the JOBS Act. As a result, the Company’s financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of issuers who are required to comply with the effective dates for new or revised accounting standards that are applicable to public companies, which may make the Company’s common stock less attractive to investors. Foreign Currency The functional currency of the Company’s international subsidiaries is either the U.S. dollar or the local currency in which the international subsidiary operates. For these subsidiaries where the U.S. dollar is the functional currency, foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are re-measured into U.S. dollars at current exchange rates and foreign currency denominated nonmonetary assets and liabilities are re-measured into U.S. dollars at historical exchange rates. Gains or losses from foreign currency re-measurement and settlements are included in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. For foreign subsidiaries where the functional currency is the local currency, the Company uses the period-end exchange rates to translate assets and liabilities, and the average exchange rates to translate revenue and expenses into U.S. dollars. The Company records translation gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a component of stockholders' equity (deficit). Comprehensive Loss The Company’s comprehensive loss includes net loss and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities and foreign currency translation adjustments. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments, including money market funds with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase, to be cash equivalents. Marketable Securities The Company’s short-term investments consist of U.S. government treasury securities and money market instruments. The Company determines the appropriate classification of its short-term investments at the time of purchase and reevaluates such designation at each balance sheet date. The Company has classified and accounted for its short-term investments as available-for-sale securities as the Company may sell these securities at any time for use in its current operations or for other purposes, even prior to maturity. As a result, the Company classifies its short-term investments within current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value each reporting period. Unrealized gains and losses on these short-term investments are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets until realized. The Company periodically evaluates its short-term investments to assess whether those with unrealized loss positions are other than temporarily impaired. The Company considers various factors in determining whether to recognize an impairment charge. Realized gains and losses are determined based on the specific identification method and are reported in interest income in the consolidated statements of operations. If the Company determines that the decline in an investment's fair value is other-than-temporary, the difference is recognized as an impairment loss in the consolidated statements of operations. As of January 31, 2018 and 2017 , the Company has no t recorded any other-than-temporary-impairment in its consolidated statements of operations. Restricted Cash The Company pledged $0.5 million and $0.1 million of collateral for its available credit on corporate credit cards as of January 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. Restricted cash balances are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability. Cash equivalents are stated at amortized cost, which approximates fair value at the balance sheet dates, due to the short period of time to maturity. Short-term investments are recorded at fair value. Accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are stated at their carrying value, which approximates fair value due to the short time to the expected receipt or payment date. The redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability is carried at fair value. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the balance sheets consisting of cash equivalents, short-term investments and the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair values. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The standard describes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, as described below, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value: • Level 1: Observable inputs, such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. • Level 2: Observable inputs, other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. • Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. The Company’s financial instruments that are carried at fair value consist of Level 1 assets and Level 3 liabilities. Level 1 assets include highly liquid money market funds classified as cash equivalents and U.S. government treasury securities classified as short-term investments. Level 3 liabilities consist of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk are primarily cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments, and accounts receivable. The primary focus of the Company’s investment strategy is to preserve capital and meet liquidity requirements. The Company maintains its cash accounts with financial institutions where, at times, deposits exceed federal insurance limits. The Company invests its excess cash in highly-rated money market funds and in short-term investments consisting of U.S. government treasury securities. The Company extends credit to customers in the normal course of business. The Company performs credit analyses and monitors the financial health of its customers to reduce credit risk. Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company records an allowance for doubtful accounts relating to certain trade accounts receivable. The allowance is based on various factors, including the review of credit profiles of its customers, contractual terms and conditions, current economic trends and historical customer payment experience. As of January 31, 2018 and 2017 , no customer represented 10% or more of net accounts receivable. For the years ended January 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , no customer represented 10% of more of revenue. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The Company performs initial and ongoing evaluations of its customers' financial position, and generally extends credit without collateral. The Company determines the need for an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon various factors, including past collection experience, credit quality of the customer, age of the receivable balance, and current economic conditions, as well as specific circumstances arising with individual customers. Trade receivables are written off against the allowance when management determines a balance is uncollectible and the Company no longer actively pursues collection of the receivable. Capitalized Software Costs Software development costs for software to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed are expensed as incurred until the establishment of technological feasibility, at which time those costs are capitalized until the product is available for general release to customers and amortized over the estimated life of the product. Technological feasibility is established upon the completion of a working prototype that has been certified as having no critical bugs and is a release candidate. To date, costs and time incurred between the establishment of technological feasibility and product release have not been material, resulting in software development costs qualifying for capitalization being immaterial. As a result, all software development costs have been recorded in research and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Costs related to software acquired, developed, or modified solely to meet the Company’s internal requirements, with no substantive plans to market such software at the time of development, or costs related to development of web-based product are capitalized. Costs incurred during the preliminary planning and evaluation stage of the project and during post implementation operational stage are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred during the application development stage of the project are capitalized. The Company did no t capitalize any costs related to computer software developed for internal use or web-based product in the years ended January 31, 2018 and 2017 . Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method and the following estimated useful lives: Property and Equipment Estimated Useful Life Computer and office equipment Two to three years Purchased software Two to three years Servers Three years Furniture and fixtures Five years Leasehold improvements Lesser of estimated useful life or remaining lease term Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed of, and the related accumulated depreciation, is removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. There was no material gain or loss incurred as a result of retirement or sale in the periods presented. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Long-Lived Assets, Including Goodwill and Other Acquired Intangible Assets The Company evaluates the recoverability of property and equipment and amortizable intangible assets for possible impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If such review indicates that the carrying amount of property and equipment and intangible assets is not recoverable, the carrying amount of such assets is reduced to fair value. In addition, the Company tests goodwill for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that this asset may be impaired. These tests are based on the Company’s single operating segment and reporting unit structure. No indications of impairment of goodwill were noted during the years ended January 31, 2018 and 2017 . Acquired amortizable intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated remaining useful lives for intangible assets range from 1.8 to 2.2 years as of January 31, 2018 and 2.8 to 3.2 years as of January 31, 2017 . In addition to the recoverability assessment, the Company periodically reviews the remaining estimated useful lives of property and equipment and amortizable intangible assets. If the estimated useful life assumption for any asset is changed, the remaining unamortized balance would be depreciated or amortized over the revised estimated useful life, on a prospective basis. Deferred Rent Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable term of the operating lease. The Company records the difference between cash rent payments and recognized rent expense as a deferred rent liability included in accrued liabilities and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Incentives granted under the Company’s facility leases, including allowances to fund leasehold improvements, are deferred and are recognized as adjustments to rental expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Revenue Recognition The Company derives its revenue from two sources: (1) sales of subscriptions, including term license and technical support arrangements, and consumption-based hosted as-a-service offerings; and (2) services revenue comprised of consulting and training arrangements. The Company considers revenue realizable and earned when all of the following criteria are satisfied: • there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; • delivery has occurred; • the collection of the fees is probable; and • fees for consideration are fixed or determinable. The Company’s subscription service arrangements generally are non-cancelable and do not contain refund-type provisions. The Company recognizes subscription revenue ratably over the contract term, provided that all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. The Company provides its support services pursuant to these subscription arrangements, which are primarily on an annual basis and involve technical support and access to new software versions on a when-and-if available basis. In addition, revenue related to hosted as-a-service solutions are recognized on a usage-basis, as consideration for these arrangements are contingent upon the frequency that the licensee uses the product or on the size and speed of the required infrastructure of the hosted deployment. The Company recognizes revenue from services agreements on a percent complete basis if sold on a stand-alone basis and over the contractual subscription period if sold as a bundled element along with the Company’s subscriptions. When services commence later than the start date of the subscription, no revenue is recognized until services commence. Once services commence, as long as all other revenue recognition criteria have been met, we record a cumulative catch up of revenue that would have been recognized over the period from the beginning of the subscription term until the commencement of services. Subscription Revenue The Company’s subscription revenue is primarily comprised of time-based software licenses sold in conjunction with post-contract customer support (“PCS”). The Company typically bills subscription revenue annually in advance. As the Company’s subscription offerings include a software license and PCS for which the Company has not established Vendor Specific Objective Evidence (“VSOE”), the entire fee is recognized ratably over the term of the PCS. See "—Multiple-Element Arrangements" section below. In certain circumstances, the Company makes software available to its customers online under hosting arrangements. The online services are currently comprised of an automated database backup storage tool, a database management automation tool and a database as-a-service tool wherein the customer can purchase storage, security and monitoring capabilities. Generally, revenue related to hosted as-a-service solutions are recognized on a usage-basis, as consideration for these arrangements are contingent upon the frequency that the licensee uses the product or on the size and speed of the required infrastructure of the hosted deployment. Services Revenue The Company’s services contracts are provisioned on either a time-and-materials basis, fixed-fee basis or subscription basis. Revenue is recognized on a proportional performance basis as the services are delivered for standalone time and materials contracts and for standalone fixed price contracts. As arrangements in which services are sold with subscription offerings are in essence multiple-element arrangements, all revenue in the arrangement is recognized ratably over the term of the undelivered elements assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. See "—Multiple-Element Arrangements" section below. Multiple-Element Arrangements Guidance for multiple-element arrangements (“MEA”) dictate that contract fees be allocated across each element in an MEA based on VSOE of fair value. In cases where MEA software arrangements include both delivered and undelivered elements and VSOE of fair value exists for all undelivered elements, the Company may utilize the residual method for allocating fair value. Essentially, revenue recognition occurs immediately for the delivered elements and commences for the undelivered element(s), assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. In the event an MEA includes both delivered and undelivered elements, and the Company has not established VSOE for the undelivered elements, all revenue from the arrangement shall be deferred until the earlier of the point at which VSOE is established or all elements have been delivered. As an exception to this guidance, in the event VSOE is not established for the undelivered elements and the only undelivered element is either PCS or services that do not involve significant production, modification or customization of software, the entire fee is recognized ratably over the term of the undelivered elements assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met and services are generally provided at the beginning or over the course of the arrangement. Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue consists primarily of costs related to providing the Company’s subscription and hosting services to its paying customers, including personnel costs, including salaries, bonuses and benefits, and stock-based compensation and related expenses for datacenter operations, customer support and services personnel, as well as depreciation of servers and equipment. Deferred Commissions and Commissions Expense Deferred commissions are the incremental costs that are directly associated with non-cancelable subscription contracts with customers and consist of sales commissions paid to the Company’s direct sales force. The commissions are deferred and amortized over the non-cancelable terms of the related customer contracts. Sales commissions are generally paid up front and one month in arrears, however, payment timing is based on contractual terms of the underlying subscription contract and is subject to an evaluation of customer credit-worthiness. The deferred commission amounts are recoverable through the future revenue streams under the non-cancelable customer contracts. The Company capitalized commission costs of $15.5 million and $14.2 million for the years ended January 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. Amortization of deferred commissions is included in sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations. As of January 31, 2018 and 2017 , the Company recorded short-term deferred commissions of $11.8 million and $7.5 million , respectively, and long-term deferred commissions of $6.8 million and $5.6 million , respectively, in other long-term assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and consist primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, bonuses and benefits, and stock-based compensation. Research and development costs also include amortization associated with intangible acquired assets and allocated overhead. Advertising Advertising costs are charged to operations as incurred or the first time the advertising takes place, based on the nature of the advertising, and include direct marketing, events, public relations, sales collateral materials and partner programs. Advertising costs were $3.4 million , $2.4 million and $1.2 million for the years ended January 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Advertising costs are recorded in sales and marketing expenses in the consolidated statement of operations. Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant The Company previously issued redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants, which required liability classification and accounting as the underlying convertible preferred stock were contingently redeemable as discussed in Note 8, Warrants . As of January 31, 2018 , all redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants were exercised in full. Common Stock Warrant The Company previously issued common stock warrants, as discussed in Note 8, Warrants , which were measured at their estimated fair value upon issuance using the Black-Scholes pricing model and were recorded in additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheets. As of January 31, 2018 , all common stock warrants were exercised in full. Stock-Based Compensation Compensation expense related to stock options granted to employees is calculated based on the fair value of stock-based awards on the date of grant. The Company determines the grant date fair value of the awards using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The related stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the period in which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the stock-based award, which is generally four years. For stock-based awards issued to non-employees, including consultants, the Company records expense related to stock options based on the fair value of the options calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model over the service performance period. The Company believes that the fair value of the stock options is more reliably measured than the fair value of the services received. The fair value of each non-employee stock-based compensation award is re-measured each period until a commitment date is reached, which is generally the vesting date. The Company’s stock price volatility and expected option life involve management's best estimates, both of which impact the fair value of the option calculated under the Black-Scholes option pricing model and, ultimately, the expense that will be recognized over the life of the option. During the year ended January 31, 2017, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-09 allowing the recognition of forfeitures as they occur. See "Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements" for the impact of the adoption. Net Loss Per Share The Company calculates basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders in conformity with the two-class method required for companies with participating securities. The Company considers all series of redeemable convertible preferred stock to be participating securities as the holders are entitled to receive non-cumulative dividends on a pari passu basis in the event that a dividend is paid on common stock. Under the two-class method, the net loss attributable to common stockholders is not allocated to the redeemable convertible preferred stock as the holders of redeemable convertible preferred stock do not have a contractual obligation to share in losses. Under the two-class method, basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, less shares subject to repurchase. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the period. For purposes of this calculation, redeemable convertible preferred stock, stock options to purchase common stock, early exercised stock options, and warrants to purchase redeemable convertible preferred stock and common stock are considered common shares equivalents, but have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as their effect is antidilutive. Segment Information The Company operates as one operating segment as it only reports financial information on an aggregate and consolidated basis to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker. Income Taxes The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. This method requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. A valuation allowance has been established for the full amount of the net deferred tax assets as the Company has determined that the future realization of the tax benefit is not more likely than not. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the tax authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit is measured based on the largest benefit that is more likely than not of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company recognizes interest and penalties on amounts due to taxing authorities as a component of other income and (expense), net. On December 22, 2017, the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) was enacted into law and the new legislation significantly revised the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The newly enacted federal income tax law, among other things, contains significant changes to corporate taxation, including the reduction of the corporate tax rate from a top marginal rate of 35% to a flat rate of 21%, limitation of the tax deduction for interest expense to 30% of adjusted earnings, limitation of the deduction for newly generated net operating losses (“NOLs”) to 80% of current year taxable income and elimination of NOL carrybacks, one time taxation of offshore earnings at reduced rates regardless of whether they are repatriated (the “Transition Tax”), future taxation of certain classes of offshore earnings regardless of whether they are repatriated, immediate deductions for certain new investments instead of deductions for depreciation expense over time, and modifying or repealing many business deductions and credits. The Company is required to recognize the effect of these significant tax law changes in the period of enactment. Also on December 22, 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“SAB 118”), which allows the Company to record provisional amounts during a measurement period not to extend beyond one year of the enactment date. Given the significant complexity of the Tax Act, anticipated guidance from the Internal Revenue Service about implementing the Tax Act, and the potential for additional guidance from the SEC or the FASB related to the Tax Act, the Company’s current estimates may be adjusted in future periods. The Company expects to complete its analysis within the measurement period in accordance with SAB 118. Any subsequent adjustments to current estimates will be recorded to tax expense during the quarter in the Company’s fiscal year ending January 31, 2019 in which the Company’s analysis of and accounting for the Tax Act is complete. Refer to Note 11, Income Taxes , for further information. Related Party Transactions All contracts with related parties are executed in the ordinary course of business. There were no material related party transactions in the years ended January 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 . As of January 31, 2018 and 2017 , there were no material amounts payable to or amounts receivable from related parties. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements Stock-Based Compensation. Starting February 1, 2016, the Company elected to early adopt ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvement to Employee Share-based Payment Accounting , which would among other items, provide an accounting policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur, rather than to account for them based on an estimate of expected forfeitures and modifies financial statement presentation of excess tax benefits or deficiencies. The Company elected to account for forfeitures as they occur and therefore, stock-based compensation expense for the years ended months ended January 31, 2018 and 2017 has been calculated based on actual forfeitures in the consolidated statements of operations. The cumulative effect of this change increased the accumulated deficit and decreased additional paid-in capital as of February 1, 2016 by $1.5 million . In addition, the effect on the Company’s historical consolidated financial statements was limited to an immaterial cumulative-effect adjustment for previously unrecognized excess tax benefits as a deferred tax asset with an offset to opening accumulated deficit, which was fully offset by a valuation allowance. In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718). The amendments in the update provide guidance on types of changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards, which would be required to apply modification accounting under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718. The new guidance became effective for the Company for the fiscal year ending January 31, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2017-09 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Starting February 1, 2016, the Company elected to early adopt ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments and ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash . ASU No. 2016-15 eliminates the diversity in practice related to the classification of certain cash receipts and payments for debt prepayment or extinguishment costs, the maturing of a zero-coupon bond, the settlement of contingent liabilities arising from a business combination, proceeds from insurance settlements, distributions from certain equity method investees and beneficial interests obtained in a financial asset securitization. ASU No. 2016-18 requires that the statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash |
