Revenue | REVENUE Revenue Recognition The Company's revenues from contracts with customers (clients) are derived from offerings that include consulting, analytics, digital solutions, engineering, and cyber services, substantially with the U.S. government and its agencies and, to a lesser extent, subcontractors. The Company also serves foreign governments, as well as domestic and international commercial clients. The Company performs under various types of contracts, which include cost-reimbursable-plus-fee contracts, time-and-materials contracts, and fixed-price contracts. The Company considers a contract with a customer to exist under Topic 606 when there is approval and commitment from both the Company and the customer, the rights of the parties and payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectability of consideration is probable. The Company also will consider whether two or more contracts entered into with the same customer should be combined and accounted for as a single contract. Furthermore, in certain transactions with commercial clients and with the U.S. government, the Company may commence providing services prior to receiving a formal approval from the customer. In these situations, the Company will consider the factors noted above, the risks associated with commencing the work and legal enforceability in determining whether a contract with the customer exists under Topic 606. Customer contracts are often modified to change the scope, price, specifications or other terms within the existing arrangement. Contract modifications are evaluated by management to determine whether the modification should be accounted for as part of the original performance obligation(s) or as a separate contract. If the modification adds distinct goods or services and increases the contract value proportionate to the stand-alone selling price of the additional goods or services, it will be accounted for as a separate contract. Generally, the Company’s contract modifications do not include goods or services which are distinct, and therefore are accounted for as part of the original performance obligation(s) with any impact on transaction price or estimated costs at completion being recorded as through a cumulative catch-up adjustment to revenue. The Company evaluates each service deliverable contracted with the customer to determine whether they represent promises to transfer distinct goods or services. Under Topic 606, these are referred to as performance obligations. One or more service deliverables often represent a single performance obligation. This evaluation requires significant judgment and the impact of combining or separating performance obligations may change the time over which revenue from the contract is recognized. The Company’s contracts generally provide a set of integrated or highly interrelated tasks or services and are therefore accounted for as a single performance obligation. However, in cases where we provide more than one distinct good or service within a customer contract, the contract is separated into individual performance obligations which are accounted for discretely. Contracts with the U.S. government are subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulation ("FAR") and are priced based on estimated or actual costs of providing the goods or services. The Company derives a majority of its revenue from contracts awarded through a competitive bidding process. Pricing for non-U.S. government agencies and commercial customers is based on discrete negotiations with each customer. Certain of the Company’s contracts contain award fees, incentive fees or other provisions that may increase or decrease the transaction price. These variable amounts generally are awarded upon achievement of certain performance metrics, program milestones or cost targets and may be based upon customer discretion. Management estimates variable consideration as the most likely amount that we expect to achieve based on our assessment of the variable fee provisions within the contract, prior experience with similar contracts or clients, and management’s evaluation of the performance on such contracts. The Company may perform work under a contract that has not been fully funded if the work has been authorized by the management and the customer to proceed. The Company evaluates unfunded amounts as variable consideration in estimating the transaction price. We include the estimated variable consideration in our transaction price to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur upon the ultimate settlement of the variable fee provision. In the limited number of situations where our contracts with customers contain more than one performance obligation, the Company allocates the transaction price of a contract between the performance obligations in the proportion to their respective stand-alone selling prices. The Company generally estimates the stand-alone selling price of performance obligations based on an expected cost-plus margin approach as allowed under Topic 606. Our U.S. government contracts generally contain FAR provisions that enable the customer to terminate a contract for default or for the convenience of the U.S. government. The Company recognizes revenue for each performance obligation identified within our customer contracts when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied by transferring the promised goods or services. Revenue may either be recognized over time, or at a point in time. The Company generally recognizes revenue over time as our contracts typically involve a continuous transfer of control to the customer. A continuous transfer of control under contracts with the U.S. government and its agencies is evidenced by clauses which require the Company to be paid for costs incurred plus a reasonable margin in the event that the customer unilaterally terminates the contract for convenience. For contracts where the Company recognizes revenue over time, a contract cost-based input method is generally used to measure progress towards satisfaction of the underlying performance obligation(s). Contract costs include direct costs such as materials, labor and subcontract costs, as well as indirect costs identifiable with, or allocable to, a specific contract that are expensed as incurred. The Company does not incur material incremental costs to acquire or fulfill contracts. Under a contract cost-based input method, revenue is recognized based on the proportion of contract costs incurred to the total estimated costs expected to be incurred upon completion of the underlying performance obligation. The Company includes both funded and unfunded portions of customer contracts in this estimation process. For interim financial reporting periods, contract revenue attributable to indirect costs is recognized based upon agreed-upon annual forward-pricing rates established with the U.S. government at the start of each fiscal year. Forward pricing rates are estimated and agreed upon between the Company and the U.S. government and represent indirect contract costs required to execute and administer contract obligations. The impact of any agreed-upon changes, or changes in the estimated annual forward-pricing rates, will be recorded in the interim financial reporting period when such changes are identified. This change relates to the interim financial reporting period differences between the actual indirect cost incurred and allocated to customer contracts compared to the estimated amounts allocated to contracts using the estimated annual forward-pricing rates established with the U.S. government. On certain contracts, principally time-and-materials and cost-reimbursable-plus-fee contracts, revenue is recognized using the right-to-invoice practical expedient as the Company is contractually able to invoice the customer based on the control transferred. However, we did not elect to use the practical expedient which would allow the Company to exclude contracts recognized using the right-to-invoice practical expedient from the remaining performance obligations disclosed below. Additionally, for stand-ready performance obligations to provide services under fixed-price contracts, revenue is recognized over time using a straight-line measure of progress as the control of the services is provided to the customer ratably over the term of the contract. If a contract does not meet the criteria for recognition of revenue over time, we recognize revenue at the point in time when control of the good or service is transferred to the customer. Determining a measure of progress towards the satisfaction of performance obligations requires management to make judgments that may affect the timing of revenue recognition. In addition to the right-to-invoice practical expedient discussed above, the Company applied certain other practical expedients permitted by Topic 606, which include: a) using the portfolio approach where contracts with similar characteristics were assessed collectively to evaluate risk of being impacted by the adoption of Topic 606; b) applying the practical expedient allowing the Company to not restate completed contracts which began and ended in the same fiscal year prior to the date of the initial adoption; and c) electing to omit the disclosure related to remaining performance obligations for reporting periods presented before the date of the initial adoption. Contract Estimates Many of our contracts recognize revenue under a contract cost-based input method and require an Estimate-at-Completion (EAC) process, which management uses to review and monitor the progress towards the completion of our performance obligations. Under this process, management considers various inputs and assumptions related to the EAC, including, but not limited to, progress towards completion, labor costs and productivity, material and subcontractor costs, and identified risks. Estimating the total cost at completion of performance obligations is subjective and requires management to make assumptions about future activity and cost drivers under the contract. Changes in these estimates can occur for a variety of reasons and, if significant, may impact the profitability of the Company’s contracts. Changes in estimates related to contracts accounted for under the EAC process are recognized in the period when such changes are made on a cumulative catch-up basis. If the estimate of contract profitability indicates an anticipated loss on a contract, the Company recognizes the total loss at the time it is identified. For the three and six months periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, the aggregate impact of adjustments in contract estimates was not material. Performance Obligations Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of exercised contracts for which work has not yet been performed, irrespective of whether funding has or has not been authorized and appropriated as of the date of exercise. Remaining performance obligations do not include negotiated but unexercised options. As of September 30, 2018 , the Company had $7.8 billion of remaining performance obligations and we expect to recognize more than half of the remaining performance obligations as revenue over the next 12 months, and approximately three quarters over the next 24 months. The remainder is expected to be recognized thereafter. Disaggregation of Revenue We disaggregate our revenue from contracts with customers by contract type, customer, as well as whether the Company acts as prime contractor or sub-contractor, as we believe these categories best depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The following series of tables presents our revenue disaggregated by these categories. Revenue by Contract Type: We generate revenue under the following three basic types of contracts: • Cost-Reimbursable Contracts: Cost-reimbursable contracts provide for the payment of allowable costs incurred during performance of the contract, up to a ceiling based on the amount that has been funded, plus a fixed fee or award fee. • Time-and-Materials Contracts: Under contracts in this category, we are paid a fixed hourly rate for each direct labor hour expended, and we are reimbursed for billable material costs and billable out-of-pocket expenses inclusive of allocable indirect costs. We assume the financial risk on time-and-materials contracts because our costs of performance may exceed negotiated hourly rates. • Fixed-Price Contracts: Under a fixed-price contract, we agree to perform the specified work for a predetermined price. To the extent our actual direct and allocated indirect costs decrease or increase from the estimates upon which the price was negotiated, we will generate more or less profit, respectively, or could incur a loss. The table below presents the total revenue for each type of contract: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2018 2017 2018 2017 Cost-reimbursable $ 851,394 53 % $ 795,819 52 % $ 1,711,278 53 % $ 1,565,914 51 % Time-and-materials 390,509 24 % 384,587 25 % 796,093 24 % 766,814 25 % Fixed-price 372,094 23 % 362,399 23 % 753,474 23 % 733,087 24 % Total Revenue $ 1,613,997 100 % $ 1,542,805 100 % $ 3,260,845 100 % $ 3,065,815 100 % Revenue by Customer Type: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2018 2017 2018 2017 U.S. government: Defense Clients $ 755,570 47 % $ 706,526 46 % $ 1,513,552 47 % $ 1,418,265 46 % Intelligence Clients 385,733 24 % 379,536 25 % 783,213 24 % 748,005 24 % Civil Clients 417,636 26 % 403,410 26 % 853,162 26 % 808,694 27 % Total U.S. government 1,558,939 97 % 1,489,472 97 % 3,149,927 97 % 2,974,964 97 % Global Commercial Clients 55,058 3 % 53,333 3 % 110,918 3 % 90,851 3 % Total Revenue $ 1,613,997 100 % $ 1,542,805 100 % $ 3,260,845 100 % $ 3,065,815 100 % Revenue by Whether the Company Acts as a Prime Contractor or a Sub-Contractor: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2018 2017 2018 2017 Prime Contractor $ 1,482,153 92 % $ 1,413,210 92 % $ 2,989,335 92 % $ 2,801,249 91 % Sub-contractor 131,844 8 % 129,595 8 % 271,510 8 % 264,566 9 % Total Revenue $ 1,613,997 100 % $ 1,542,805 100 % $ 3,260,845 100 % $ 3,065,815 100 % Contract Balances Contract assets primarily consist of unbilled receivables typically resulting from revenue recognized exceeding the amount billed to the customer and right to payment is not just subject to the passage of time. Contract liabilities primarily consist of advance payments, billings in excess of costs incurred and deferred revenue. Contract assets and liabilities are reported on a net contract basis at the end of each reporting period. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts to provide for an estimate of uncollected receivables. Refer to Note 5 for more information on receivables recognized from contracts accounted for under Topic 606. The following table summarizes the contract balances recognized on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets: September 30, March 31, Contract assets: Current $ 749,672 $ 738,646 Long-term 60,093 59,633 Total $ 809,765 $ 798,279 Contract liabilities: Advance payments, billings in excess of costs incurred and deferred revenue $ 22,165 $ 27,522 Changes in contract assets and contract liabilities are primarily due to the timing difference between the Company’s performance of services and payments from customers. For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , we recognized revenue of $ 3.8 million and $ 0.8 million and for the six months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , we recognized revenue of $ 10.6 million and $ 6.6 million related to our contract liabilities on April 1, 2018 and 2017, respectively. To determine revenue recognized from contract liabilities during the reporting periods, the Company allocates revenue to individual contract liability balances and applies revenue recognized during the reporting periods first to the beginning balances of contract liabilities until the revenue exceeds the balances. |