Exhibit 99.1
Ecopetrol S. A.
Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
For the three-month periods ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, as at March 31, 2015, December 31 2014 and the opening statement of financial position at January 1, 2014.
ECOPETROL S.A.
Consolidated statement of financial position
at March 31, 2015, December 31, 2014 and January 1, 2014
(figures expressed in millions of Colombian Pesos)
| | | | March 31 | | | December 31 | | | January 1 | |
Assets | | Notes | | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
Current assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | 5 | | | 10,941,003 | | | | 7,015,731 | | | | 8,541,138 | |
Trade and other receivables | | 6 | | | 4,403,743 | | | | 4,462,104 | | | | 5,560,753 | |
Inventories | | 7 | | | 2,804,040 | | | | 2,953,856 | | | | 3,573,827 | |
Other financial assets | | 8 | | | 2,547,765 | | | | 1,586,314 | | | | 1,948,172 | |
Current tax assets | | 9 | | | 1,858,426 | | | | 2,018,486 | | | | 1,545,325 | |
Non-current assets held for sale | | 10 | | | 1,464,788 | | | | 1,582,828 | | | | 1,506,395 | |
Other assets | | 11 | | | 1,462,011 | | | | 1,392,527 | | | | 707,702 | |
Total current assets | | | | | 25,481,776 | | | | 21,011,846 | | | | 23,383,312 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-current assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investments in associates and joint ventures | | 12 | | | 2,441,497 | | | | 2,392,128 | | | | 2,657,198 | |
Trade and other receivables | | 6 | | | 469,301 | | | | 455,176 | | | | 708,161 | |
Property, plant and equipment | | 13 | | | 60,753,896 | | | | 57,538,638 | | | | 47,345,057 | |
Natural and environmental resources | | 14 | | | 25,592,235 | | | | 25,215,921 | | | | 21,961,766 | |
Intangibles | | 15 | | | 215,924 | | | | 225,327 | | | | 250,457 | |
Deferred tax assets | | 9 | | | 3,058,059 | | | | 3,091,013 | | | | 3,618,084 | |
Other financial assets | | 8 | | | 671,866 | | | | 490,056 | | | | 369,374 | |
Goodwill | | 16 | | | 1,407,213 | | | | 1,407,213 | | | | 1,407,213 | |
Other non-current assets | | 11 | | | 1,097,526 | | | | 1,094,077 | | | | 1,187,570 | |
Total non-current assets | | | | | 95,707,517 | | | | 91,909,549 | | | | 79,504,880 | |
Total assets | | | | | 121,189,293 | | | | 112,921,395 | | | | 102,888,192 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans and borrowings | | 17 | | | 4,611,531 | | | | 3,456,441 | | | | 3,121,335 | |
Trade and other payables | | 18 | | | 12,920,633 | | | | 8,806,021 | | | | 9,981,321 | |
Labor and pension plan obligations | | 19 | | | 1,308,514 | | | | 1,380,000 | | | | 1,337,616 | |
Current tax liabilities | | 9 | | | 2,599,679 | | | | 1,894,761 | | | | 2,966,277 | |
Estimated liabilities and provisions | | 20 | | | 901,527 | | | | 848,051 | | | | 1,091,782 | |
Other financial liabilities | | 21 | | | 225,428 | | | | 140,055 | | | | 46 | |
Other liabilities | | | | | 305,906 | | | | 297,628 | | | | 245,767 | |
Total current liabilities | | | | | 22,873,218 | | | | 16,822,957 | | | | 18,744,144 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-current liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans and borrowings | | 17 | | | 38,114,386 | | | | 31,490,900 | | | | 19,120,078 | |
Trade and other payables | | 18 | | | 140,673 | | | | 126,431 | | | | 489,238 | |
Labor and pension plan obligations | | 19 | | | 4,192,293 | | | | 4,274,083 | | | | 5,414,008 | |
Deferred tax liabilities | | 9 | | | 3,787,949 | | | | 4,040,143 | | | | 4,036,488 | |
Estimated liabilities and provisions | | 20 | | | 4,842,089 | | | | 4,718,722 | | | | 3,584,511 | |
Other long-term liabilities | | | | | 358,740 | | | | 373,960 | | | | 508,467 | |
Total non-current liabilities | | | | | 51,436,130 | | | | 45,024,239 | | | | 33,152,790 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | | | 74,309,348 | | | | 61,847,196 | | | | 51,896,934 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity | | 22 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity attributable to owners of the Company | | | | | 45,408,136 | | | | 49,619,504 | | | | 49,714,416 | |
Non-controlling interests | | | | | 1,471,809 | | | | 1,454,695 | | | | 1,276,842 | |
Total Equity | | | | | 46,879,945 | | | | 51,074,199 | | | | 50,991,258 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and equity | | | | | 121,189,293 | | | | 112,921,395 | | | | 102,888,192 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements
ECOPETROL S.A.
Consolidated statement of profit or loss
For the three month periods ended March 31
(figures expressed in millions of Colombian Pesos, except for the earnings per share, expressed in Colombian pesos)
| | Notes | | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Revenue | | 23 | | | 12,300,855 | | | | 17,971,324 | |
Cost of sales | | 24 | | | 8,554,637 | | | | 10,768,934 | |
Gross income | | | | | 3,746,218 | | | | 7,202,390 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Administration expenses | | 25 | | | 819,030 | | | | 198,724 | |
Operation and project expenses | | 25 | | | 604,953 | | | | 796,995 | |
Other operating income and expenses, net | | 26 | | | (35,613 | ) | | | (57,995 | ) |
Operating income | | | | | 2,357,848 | | | | 6,264,666 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Finance results, net | | 27 | | | | | | | | |
Financial income | | | | | 205,814 | | | | 172,208 | |
Financial expenses | | | | | (561,236 | ) | | | (316,114 | ) |
Foreign exchange gain (loss), net | | | | | (1,174,852 | ) | | | 22,994 | |
| | | | | (1,530,274 | ) | | | (120,912 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Share of profit of associates | | | | | 744 | | | | 15,314 | |
Income before income tax | | | | | 828,318 | | | | 6,159,068 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Income tax | | 9 | | | (472,376 | ) | | | (2,094,229 | ) |
Net income for the period | | | | | 355,942 | | | | 4,064,839 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Income attributable to: | | | | | | | | | | |
Owners of the Company | | | | | 160,030 | | | | 3,888,101 | |
Non-controlling interest | | | | | 195,912 | | | | 176,738 | |
| | | | | 355,942 | | | | 4,064,839 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Earnings per share (basic and diluted) | | | | | 3.9 | | | | 94.6 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements
ECOPETROL S.A.
Consolidated statement of other comprehensive income
For the three month periods ended March 31
(figures expressed in millions of Colombian Pesos, except for the earnings per share, expressed in Colombian pesos)
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
| | | | | | |
Net income for the year | | | 355,942 | | | | 4,064,839 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Components of comprehensive income of income tax that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss: | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Accumulated foreign currency translation | | | 1,129,571 | | | | (291,201 | ) |
Net fair value gain (Loss) on available-for-sale financial assets, net of taxes | | | (118,239 | ) | | | 29,065 | |
| | | 1,011,332 | | | | (262,136 | ) |
Components of comprehensive income of income tax that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss: | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Remeasurement of defined benefit obligation, net of taxes | | | 85,779 | | | | 62,147 | |
Other comprehensive income for the period | | | 1,097,111 | | | | (199,989 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total comprehensive income for the year | | | 1,453,053 | | | | 3,864,850 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Attributable to: | | | | | | | | |
Shareholders | | | 1,238,308 | | | | 3,688,112 | |
Non-controlling interests | | | 214,745 | | | | 176,738 | |
| | | 1,453,053 | | | | 3,864,850 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements
ECOPETROL S.A.
Consolidated statement of cash flows
For the three month periods ended March 31
(figures expressed in millions of Colombian Pesos)
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
| | | | | | |
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Net income for the period attributable to owners of Ecopetrol S.A. | | | 160,030 | | | | 3,888,101 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Non-controlling interest | | | 195,912 | | | | 176,738 | |
Deferred income tax | | | (284,176 | ) | | | 20,551 | |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | | | 1,586,918 | | | | 1,574,939 | |
Foreign exchange loss (gain) | | | 1,174,852 | | | | (22,993 | ) |
Finance costs recognised in profit or loss | | | 426,105 | | | | 295,215 | |
Gain on disposal of non-current assets | | | 494 | | | | (3,956 | ) |
Impairment of assets | | | 41,748 | | | | 2,076 | |
Fair Value Loss (gain) on financial assets valuation | | | 60,563 | | | | (5,875 | ) |
Share of profit of associates | | | (744 | ) | | | (15,314 | ) |
Movements in working capital: | | | | | | | | |
Trade and other receivables | | | 354,043 | | | | (457,012 | ) |
Inventories | | | 140,296 | | | | 274,417 | |
Trade and other payables | | | (1,402,364 | ) | | | (741,597 | ) |
Current tax assets and liabilities | | | 1,036,629 | | | | 1,378,992 | |
Labor and pension plan obligations | | | (153,131 | ) | | | (142,636 | ) |
Estimated liabilities and provisions | | | 21,075 | | | | 29,154 | |
Other assets and liabilities | | | 65,855 | | | | (485,079 | ) |
Income tax paid | | | (125,109 | ) | | | (1,367,557 | ) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | | 3,298,996 | | | | 4,398,164 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash flow from investing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Investment in property, plant and equipment | | | (2,089,147 | ) | | | (1,471,042 | ) |
Investment in natural and environmental resources | | | (890,524 | ) | | | (839,714 | ) |
Payments for intangibles | | | (6,973 | ) | | | (83,834 | ) |
(Purchases) sales of other financial assets | | | (869,689 | ) | | | 641,344 | |
Interest received | | | 73,690 | | | | 109,990 | |
Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment | | | 15,285 | | | | 132,401 | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | (3,767,358 | ) | | | (1,510,855 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from borrowings | | | 5,056,025 | | | | 1,440,333 | |
Repayment of borrowings | | | (560,606 | ) | | | (1,373,703 | ) |
Interest paid | | | (403,071 | ) | | | (348,252 | ) |
Capitalizations | | | 11 | | | | 43 | |
Dividends paid | | | (181,704 | ) | | | (1,328,044 | ) |
Net cash generated/(used in) financing activities | | | 3,910,655 | | | | (1,609,623 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Effects of exchange rate changes on the balance of cash held in foreign currencies | | | 482,979 | | | | 81,926 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | | | 3,925,272 | | | | 1,359,612 | |
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period | | | 7,015,731 | | | | 8,541,138 | |
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period | | | 10,941,003 | | | | 9,900,750 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Non-cash transactions: | | | | | | | | |
Payment of income tax through offset of recoverable balances | | | 594,451 | | | | - | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements
ECOPETROL S.A.
Consolidated statement of changes in equity
For the three month periods ended March 31, 2015 and 2014
(figures expressed in millions of Colombian Pesos)
| | Subscribed and paid-in capital | | | Additional paid- in capital | | | Legal reserves | | | Other reserves | | | Other comprehensive income | | | Retained earnings | | | Non-controlling interests | | | Total Equity | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance as of December 31, 2014 | | | 10,279,175 | | | | 6,607,613 | | | | 4,938,718 | | | | 13,170,693 | | | | 3,821,973 | | | | 10,801,332 | | | | 1,454,695 | | | | 51,074,199 | |
Net income | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 160,030 | | | | 195,912 | | | | 355,942 | |
Dividends declared | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (5,468,520 | ) | | | (197,631 | ) | | | (5,666,151 | ) |
Additions to paid-in capital | | | - | | | | 5 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 5 | |
Additional paid-in capital receivable | | | - | | | | 6 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 6 | |
Release of reserves - Occasional | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (12,823,783 | ) | | | - | | | | 12,823,783 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Appropriation of reserves | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Legal | | | - | | | | - | | | | 23,617 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (23,617 | ) | | | - | | | | - | |
Fiscal | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 439,757 | | | | - | | | | (439,757 | ) | | | - | | | | - | |
Occasional | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 15,037,180 | | | | - | | | | (15,037,180 | ) | | | - | | | | - | |
Other comprehensive income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Actuarial valuation | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 85,779 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 85,779 | |
Net fair value gain (loss) on available-for-sale financial assets | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (118,239 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | (118,239 | ) |
Foreign currency translation | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 1,129,571 | | | | - | | | | 18,833 | | | | 1,148,404 | |
Balance as of March 31, 2015 | | | 10,279,175 | | | | 6,607,624 | | | | 4,962,335 | | | | 15,823,847 | | | | 4,919,084 | | | | 2,816,071 | | | | 1,471,809 | | | | 46,879,945 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance as of January 1, 2014 | | | 10,279,175 | | | | 6,607,541 | | | | 4,700,873 | | | | 10,354,141 | | | | 245,711 | | | | 17,526,975 | | | | 1,276,842 | | | | 50,991,258 | |
Net income | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 3,888,101 | | | | 176,738 | | | | 4,064,839 | |
Dividends declared | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (10,690,342 | ) | | | (103,229 | ) | | | (10,793,571 | ) |
Additions to paid-in capital | | | - | | | | 43 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 43 | |
Additional paid-in capital receivable | | | - | | | | 30 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 30 | |
Release of reserves - Occasional | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (10,161,139 | ) | | | - | | | | 10,161,139 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Appropriation of reserves | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Legal | | | - | | | | - | | | | 228,326 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (228,326 | ) | | | - | | | | - | |
Occasional | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 12,823,784 | | | | - | | | | (12,823,784 | ) | | | - | | | | - | |
Other comprehensive income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Actuarial valuation | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 62,147 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 62,147 | |
Net fair value gain (loss) on available-for-sale financial assets | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 29,065 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 29,065 | |
Foreign currency translation | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (291,201 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | (291,201 | ) |
Balance as of March 31, 2014 | | | 10,279,175 | | | | 6,607,614 | | | | 4,929,199 | | | | 13,016,786 | | | | 45,722 | | | | 7,833,763 | | | | 1,350,351 | | | | 44,062,610 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
Contents
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
Ecopetrol S.A. is a mixed economy company, with a commercial nature, constituted in 1948. Dedicated to commercial or industrial activities arising from or related to the exploration, production, refining, transportation, storage, distribution, and selling of hydrocarbons, their by-products and associated products on its own or through its subsidiaries (“Ecopetrol”, the “Company” or Ecopetrol Business Group).
11.51% of Ecopetrol S.A.’s shares are publicly traded on the Colombian, New York, Lima and Toronto Stock Exchanges. The remaining shares (89.49% of the total outstanding shares) are owned by the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit.
The address of the principal office of Ecopetrol S.A. is Bogotá – Colombia, Carrera 13 No. 36-24.
| 2.1 | Statement of compliance and authorization of financial statements |
IFRS have been adopted in Colombia for the periods beginning January 1, 2015, in conformity with Law 1314 of 2009, Regulatory Decree 2784 of December 2012, Decrees 3023 and 3024 of 2013 and Decree 2615 of 2014.
These interim consolidated financial statements for the three month period ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 have been prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard (IAS) 34 – Interim Financial Reporting and do not include all of the information required for full annual financial statements. These are the Group´s first IFRS condensed consolidated interim financial statements for part of the period covered by the first IFRS annual financial statements and IFRS 1 First-time adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards has been applied. Effects originated in application of IFRS are set out in note 4.
These interim consolidated financial statements were approved by the Administration of the Company on June 22, 2015. The Consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 have been prepared in accordance with Public Accounting Regime issued by theContaduría General de la Nación (CGN – National Accounting Office) and other legal dispositions, which were considered as previous Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (previous GAAP). Previous GAAP differs in certain respects from IFRS, as disclosed in Note - 4 - First time adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards - IFRS.
Principal accounting policies are set out in note 3 to these interim consolidated financial statements.
| 2.2 | Basis of consolidation |
For presentation purposes, the interim consolidated financial statements were prepared by consolidating all companies set out in Exhibit 1, which are those that Ecopetrol is able to control directly or indirectly. Control is achieved when the Company:
| · | has power over the investee; |
| · | is exposed, or has the rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee; and |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
| · | has the ability to use its power to affect its returns. |
When the Company has less than a majority of the voting rights of an investee, it still has power over the investee when the voting rights are sufficient to give it the practical ability to direct the relevant activities of the investee unilaterally. The Company considers all relevant facts and circumstances in assessing whether or not the Company’s voting rights in an investee are sufficient to give it power, including:
| · | the size of the Company’s holding of voting rights relative to the size and dispersion of holding of the other shareholders; |
| · | potential voting rights held by the Company, other vote holders or other parties; |
| · | rights arising from other contractual arrangements; and |
| · | any additional facts and circumstances that indicate that the Company has, or does not have, the current ability to direct the relevant activities, at the time that decisions need to be made, including voting patterns at previous shareholders´ meetings. |
All intragroup assets and liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows relating transactions between entities of the Group were eliminated on consolidation.
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except for financial assets that are measured at fair value through profit or loss and / or through other comprehensive income at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies below.
Historical cost is generally based on fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In estimating the fair value of an asset or liability, the Group takes into account the characteristic of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.
| 2.4 | Presentation and functional currency |
Transactions included in these financial statements are valued and presented in Colombian pesos, the currency of the primary economic environment in which Ecopetrol operates. This is also its functional currency.
The statement of profit or loss and statement of cash flows of subsidiaries with functional currencies different from Ecopetrol’s functional currency are translated at the exchange rates at the dates of the transaction or based on the monthly average rate. Assets and liabilities are translated at the closing rate and other equity items are translated at exchange rates at the moment of the transaction. All resulting exchange differences are recognized in other comprehensive income.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
In preparing the financial statements of Ecopetrol, transactions in currencies other than the entity’s functional currency are recognized at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at the dateand variations presented on translation are recognized in financial results, net.Non-monetary items carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined.
| 2.6 | Classification of assets and liabilities between current and non-current |
In the consolidated statement of financial position, assets and liabilities are classified according to their nature between current, being those with a maturity date equal or less than twelve months, and non-current, being those with a maturity date greater than twelve months.
| 2.7 | Net earnings per share |
Net earnings per share is calculated based on net earnings for the period attributable to the controlling stockholders, divided by the weighted average number of subscribed shares in circulation during the period. There are no potentially dilutive securities.
The accounting policies indicated below have been applied consistently for all the periods presented, unless otherwise stated.
| 3.1 | Significant accounting judgments and estimations |
The preparation of financial statements requires that the Company’s management make estimates about the carrying amounts of assets, liabilities, income, expenses and commitments recognized in the Financial Statements. These estimates are carried out based on the best available information on the matters under review. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized prospectively in the period in which the estimate is revised.
The following are the critical judgments and estimations that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements.
| 3.1.1 | Oil and Gas reserves |
The reserves audit process is conducted annually as of December 31 in accordance with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) definitions and rules set forth in Rule 4-10(a) of SEC Regulation S-X and the disclosure guidelines contained in the SEC’s Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting final rule.
The estimated reserve amounts are based on the average prices during the 12-month period prior to the ending date of the period covered in the report, determined as the unweighted arithmetic averages of the prices in effect on the first-day-of-the-month for each month within such period, unless prices were defined by contractual arrangements, as required by the SEC regulations.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
Reserves estimates are prepared using geological, technical and economic factors, including projections of future production rates, oil prices, engineering data and length and amount of future investments with a certain degree of uncertainty. These estimates that are based on conditions in existence as of the date of the report which could significantly differ from other conditions during the year or in future periods. Any changes in regulatory and/or market conditions could materially change the quantity and value of our reserves.
Changes to estimates of proved developed reserves affect prospectively the amounts of depreciation, depletion and amortisation charged and, consequently, the carrying amounts of exploration and production assets. It is expected, however, that in the normal course of business the diversity of the asset portfolio will limit the effect of such revisions. The outcome of, or assessment of plans for, exploration or appraisal activity may result in the related capitalised exploration drilling costs being recognised in in the Consolidate statement of profit and loss that period.
Information about the carrying amounts of exploration and production assets and the amounts charged to income, including depreciation, depletion and amortisation, is presented in Note 14.
| 3.1.2 | Abandonment of fields and other facilities |
According to environmental and oil regulations, the Ecopetrol Business Group must recognize the costs for the abandonment of oil extraction and transportation facilities, which include the cost of plugging and abandoning wells, dismantling facilities and environmental remediation in the affected areas.
The estimated costs of dismantling and removing these facilities are recorded in the functional currency of each company at the time of the installation of the assets. The estimated obligations created for the abandonment and dismantling are subject to annual reviews and adjusted to reflect the best available estimate, due to technological changes and political, economic, environmental and security issues, and also relations with stakeholders.
The calculations of these estimates are complex and involve significant judgments made by Management, such as internal projections of costs, future inflation and discount rates. We consider that the retirement costs and obligations are reasonable, based on the experience of the Ecopetrol business group and market conditions; nevertheless, significant variations in external factors used for the calculation of the estimate could significantly impact the financial statements.
| 3.1.3 | Pension plan and other benefits |
The determination of the expense, liability and adjustments relating to our pension plans and other retirement benefits requires us to use judgment in the determination of actuarial assumptions. These include the number of active employees with indefinite term contracts, retirees and their heirs, pension benefits, healthcare and education expenses, the number of temporary employees who will remain with us until retirement, voluntary retirement plans and pension bonds. The calculation of pension bonds is maintained to comply with our pension obligations, pursuant to Decrees 1748 of 1995, 1474 of 1997, and 876 of 1998, as well as Law 100 of 1993 and its regulatory decree.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
These actuarial assumptions include estimates of future mortality, withdrawal, changes in compensation and discount rates as well as the estimated rate of return on pension bonds and other plan assets. These assumptions are reviewed annually for actuarial valuation purposes and may differ materially from the actual results due to the changing economic and market conditions, regulatory events, court rulings, higher or lower retirement rates, or longer or shorter life expectations of employees.
We consider that the assumptions used for the recognition of our obligations under defined benefit plans are reasonable based on our experience and market conditions.
| 3.1.4 | Impairment of oil and gas assets |
During annual impairment testing management must make reasonable and supportable assumptions and estimates with respect to, among other factors, (1) the fair value of reserves, (2) oil fields’ production profiles and future production of refined and chemical products, (3) future investments, taxes and costs, (4) future capital expenditures and useful life for properties and (5) future prices, among other factors. Any change in the variables used to prepare such assumptions and estimates may have a significant effect on the results of the impairment tests.
Ecopetrol performs annual impairment tests of goodwill in reference to fair value. Goodwill, for impairment testing purposes, is allocated to each of the cash-generating units (or groups of cash generating units) that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination.
Fair value is determined using the discounted free cash flow methodology that requires significant assumptions and estimates to be made. The Company considers that the assumptions and estimates used are reasonable and supportable based on the current market conditions and are aligned to the risk profile of the related assets. However, different assumptions and estimates may be used which would lead to different results. Valuation models used are sensitive to changes in the underlying assumptions. For example, sales volumes and prices that will be paid for the purchase of raw materials are assumptions that may vary in the future. Adverse changes in any of these assumptions could lead to recognition of goodwill impairment.
| 3.1.6 | Litigation Assessments |
We are subject to claims for regulatory and arbitration proceedings, tax assessments and other claims arising in the normal course of business. Management and legal counsel evaluate these situations based on their nature, the likelihood that they materialize, and the amounts involved, to decide on any changes to the amounts accrued and/or disclosed. This analysis, which may require considerable judgment, includes assessment of current legal proceedings brought against us and claims not yet initiated. In accordance with management’s evaluation and guidance provided by IFRS, we create provisions to meet these costs when the liability is probable and reasonable estimates of the liability can be made.
Ecopetrol considers that the payments required to settle the quantities related to the claims, in case of loss, will not vary significantly from the estimated costs, and therefore will not have a material adverse effect on our financial statements taken as a whole.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities in our financial statements and their respective tax bases. Deferred taxes on assets and liabilities are calculated based on enacted or substantively enacted statutory tax rates that will be applied to our taxable income during the years in which temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases are expected to be reversed.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
The classification of financial instruments depends on the nature and purpose for which the financial assets or liabilities were acquired and is determined at the time of initial recognition. All regular way purchases or sales of financial instruments are recognized and derecognized on a trade date basis. Regular purchases or sales of financial assets are those that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or agreement in the marketplace.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognized immediately in profit or loss.
Financial assets through profit or loss and through other comprehensive income are stated at fair value. Financial instruments at amortized cost, loans and trade receivables, other receivables and financial assets held-to-maturity are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.
Equity investments available for sale that do not have a market quotation price and which fair price cannot be reliably measured are measured at cost less any loss for impairment identified at the end of each reporting period
Fair value
The fair value hierarchy is based on the level of market available information which includes the security liquidy and availability of exchange prices or indicators generated from market operations (rates, curves, volatilities and other required valuation variables).
.
Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. For the Company, level 1 inputs include marketable securities that are actively traded.
Level 2: Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly. For the Company, Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets, prices obtained through third-party broker quotes, and prices that can be corroborated with other observable inputs for substantially the same term as the contract.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs. The Company does not use Level 3 inputs for any of its recurring fair –value measurements. Level 3 inputs may be required for the determination of fair value associated with certain non-recurring measurements of non-financial assets and liabilities. The Company uses Level 3 inputs to determine the fair value of certain non-recurring non-financial assets.
Effective interest method
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a debt instrument and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts or payments (including all fees, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts that are included in the calculation of the effective interest rate) through the expected life of the financial instrument (or, when appropriate, at a shorter period), to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
Impairment
Financial assets at amortized cost are assessed for impairment indicators at the end of each reporting period. Financial assets are considered to be impaired when there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after initial recognition, the estimated future cash flows of the investment have been affected. For financial assets measured at amortized cost, the amount of the impairment loss recognized is the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate.
De-recognition of financial assets and financial liabilities
Ecopetrol derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire and when it transfers substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. If neither the risks nor rewards of ownership are transferred and the Company continues to control the transferred asset, its retained interest in the asset and any associated liability for amounts it may have to pay continue to be recognized. If all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset are retained, the financial asset and any collateralized borrowing for the proceeds received are recognized.
| 3.2.1 | Cash and cash equivalents |
Cash and cash equivalents include negotiable investments and special funds with maturity dates that fall within ninety (90) days of their acquisition and are subject to minimal risks of changes in value.
| 3.2.2 | Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss |
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are financial assets held for trading acquired principally for the purpose of selling them in the short term. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on re-measurement recognized in profit or loss.
Loans to employees are initially recognized using the present value of the future cash flows, discounted at the current market rate of return for similar loans. If the interest rate is less than the current market rate, fair value will be less than the amount of the loan. This difference is recorded as a benefit to employees.
| 3.2.3 | Available for sale financial assets |
Available for sale financial assets are equity instruments of other non-controlled or non-strategic companies where the Company does not exercise any type of control or significant influence thereon and where the Company does not intend to sell the instruments in the short term. They are recognized at their fair value and unrealized losses or profits are recognized in other comprehensive income. At the time of sale or impairment of the assets the related adjustments are attributed to the results of the period.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
| 3.2.4 | Loans and receivables |
Financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market are classified as current, except for those that have a maturity date longer than twelve months from the statement of financial position date, which are classified as non-current. Loans and receivables, including trade and other receivables, are measured initially at fair value and then at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method.
| 3.2.5 | Financial liabilities |
Financial liabilities correspond to the financing obtained by the Company through bank credit facilities and bonds, accounts payable to suppliers and creditors.
Bank credit facilities and bonds are initially recognized at their fair value, net of transactions costs incurred, and subsequently carried at amortized cost. The difference between the amount received and its nominal value is recognized in the results of the period during the time of amortization of the financial obligation, using the effective interest rate method.
Accounts payable to suppliers and creditors are short term financial liabilities recorded at their face value, since they do not differ significantly from their fair value.
| 3.2.6 | Derivative financial instruments |
Ecopetrol may enter into hedging agreements to reduce exposure to the fluctuations of international crude oil and products prices and foreign exchange and interest rates. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. Ecopetrol has established control activities to assess, approve and monitor derivative financial instruments. During the past few years, these types of instruments have not been recurrent or have not generated any significant impact on the financial statements.
During 2014, exchange rate derivative were utilized, however, these instruments did not meet the necessary requirements for the application of hedge accounting and the impact with respect to the fair value movements was recognized directly in the results of the period.
Inventories include assets extracted, in production process, transformed or acquired for any reason, for the purpose of being sold, transformed and consumed in the production process, or as part of services delivered.
Crude oil is valued at its production cost, including necessary expenses incurred to transport the inventory to its current locations.
The cost of inventories is determined under the weighted average method, which includes acquisition costs (deducting commercial discounts, rebates obtained and other similar amounts), transformation, as well as other costs incurred in order to deliver the inventories to their current location and conditions, such as transportations costs.
Inventories of consumables (spare parts and supplies) are recognized as inventory and subsequently charged to expense, maintenance or projects, as such elements are consumed.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
Ecopetrol makes an evaluation of the net realizable value of inventories at the end of the period, recording, with charge to profit and loss, an impairment to the value when they are overvalued. When the circumstances that previously caused impairment cease to exist, or when there is clear evidence of an increase in the net realizable value due to a change in economic circumstances, the amount thereof is then reversed.
Associates and joint ventures are considered related parties. Investments in associates and joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method and are initially recognized at cost. The Company's investment in associates and joint ventures includes goodwill identified on acquisition, net of any accumulated impairment loss.
The Company's share of the profit or loss of its associates and joint ventures is recognized in the statement of income and its share of reserve movements is recognized in the Company reserves.
Unrealized gains on transactions between the Company and its associates and joint ventures are eliminated to the extent of the Company's interest.
Accounting policies of associates and joint ventures have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Company.
| 3.4.1 | Investments in associates |
An associate is an entity over which the Group has significant influence but not control. Generally these entities are those in which a equity interest is maintained from 20% to 50% of the voting rights. See Exhibit I for a detail of these companies.
A joint venture is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the joint arrangement. Joint control exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.
Joint operation contracts are entered into between Ecopetrol and third parties in order to share risk, secure capital, maximize operating efficiency and optimize the recovery of reserves. In these joint operations, one party is designated as the operator to execute the expense and investment budget and report to partners according to their participation interests. Furthermore, each party takes its share of the hydrocarbons (crude oil or gas) produced according to its agreed participation.
When Ecopetrol participates as a non-operator partner, it records the assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses based on information reported by the operators. When Ecopetrol is the direct operator of the joint venture contracts, it records its percentage of the assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses, based on each partner’s participation interests in the line items corresponding to assets, liabilities, expenses, costs and revenues.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
| 3.6 | Non-current assets held for sale |
Non-current assets and disposals groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the sale is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification and the asset (or disposal group) is available for immediate sale in its present condition. These assets are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.
| 3.7 | Property, plant and equipment |
Recognition and measurement
Property, plant and equipment are presented at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated losses for impairment. Tangible components related to natural and the environmental resources are part of property, plant and equipment.
All directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management are considered capitalizable. Such costs are mainly: a) purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes; b) costs of employee benefits arising directly from the construction or acquisition; c) all directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management; d) borrowing costs incurred in loans directly attributable to the acquisition and construction of assets and; e) the initial estimate of the costs of dismantling and removing the item.
Spare parts and servicing equipment are carried as inventories and recognised as an expense as they are consumed. Major spare parts and stand-by equipment that the entity expects to use during more than one period are recognized as property, plant and equipment.
Any gain or loss arising from the disposal of a property, plant and equipment item is recognized in profit or loss in the period incurred.
Subsequent disbursements
All disbursements made on the existing assets in order to increase or extend the initial expected useful life, increase productivity or productive efficiency, that allow a significant reduction of operating costs, increase the level of reserves in exploration or production areas or replace a part or component of an asset that is considered critical for the operation are considered additions or improvements and are recognized as property, plants and equipment.
The costs of the day-to-day servicing, repair or maintenance of an item of property, plant and equipment are recognised as expense when incurred. However, major inspections performed, are capitalized.
Depreciation
Property, plant and equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method, except for those associated with Exploration and Production activities which are depreciated using the technical units-of-production method. Technical useful lives are updated annually considering factors such as: additions or improvements (due to parts replacement or critical components for the asset’s operation), technological advances, obsolescence and other factors; the effect of this change is recognised in future periods. Depreciation of an asset commences when it is available for use.
Useful lives are determined based on the period over which an asset is expected to be available for use, physical exhaustion, technical or commercial obsolescence and legal limits or restrictions over the use of the asset.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
Estimated useful lives are between the following ranges:
Plant and equipment | 10 – 60 years |
Pipelines, networks and lines | 9 – 58 years |
Buildings | 15 – 74 years |
Others | 3 – 42 years |
Lands are recorded independently of buildings and facilities and have indefinite useful lives therefore they are not subject to depreciation.
Depreciation methods and useful lives are reviewed annually by business units and adjusted if appropriate.
Investment properties
As investment property is recognized when the property owned by the Company is used to obtain income, appreciations or both, rather than in the production or supply of goods or services, for administrative purposes or for their sale in the ordinary course of operations.
The acquisition cost of an investment property consists of its purchase price and any directly attributable disbursement. Cost model is used for measurement after initial recognition.
| 3.8 | Natural and environmental resources |
Recognition and measurement
Ecopetrol uses the successful efforts method to account for exploration and production of crude oil and gas activities, also considering IFRS 6 – Exploration for the evaluation of mineral resources.
Exploration costs
All costs associated with exploration and evaluation are capitalized as exploration and evaluation assets pending determination of whether the exploration drilling is successful or not; if determined to be unsuccessful all costs are expensed.
Exploration costs are those incurred with the objective of identifying areas that are considered to have prospects of containing oil and gas reserves, including geological and geophysical (G&G), seismic costs, exploratory wells, exploratory-type stratigraphic test wells, among others. Exploratory wells costs are recognised as assets pending determination of commercial viability and if not are expensed as exploration expenses. Other expenditures are expensed when incurred.
An exploration and evaluation asset is classified as such once the technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting a mineral resource are demonstrable. Before reclassification, assets are assessed for impairment, and any resulting impairment is recognised. Exploration and evaluation assets are assessed for impairment when facts and circumstances suggest its carrying value is below its recoverable value.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
Development costs
Development costs correspond to those costs incurred to obtain access to proved hydrocarbon reserves and to provide facilities for extracting, treating, gathering and storing. When a project is approved for development, the accumulated value of the acquisition and exploration costs is classified as natural and environmental resources and costs subsequent to the exploration phase are capitalized as development costs of the properties that contain such natural resources assets. All development costs are capitalized, including drilling costs of unsuccessful development wells.
Production costs
Production costs are those incurred to operate and maintain productive wells as well as the corresponding equipment and facilities. The production activity includes extraction of oil and gas to the surface, its gathering, treatment and processing as well as storage in the field. Production costs are expenses at the time they are incurred unless they add reserves, in which case they are capitalized.
Production and support equipment is recognised at historical cost and is part of property, plant and equipment and subject to depreciation.
Capitalized costs also include dismantlement, retiring and restoring costs, as well as the estimated cost of future environmental obligations. The estimation includes plugging and abandonment costs, facility dismantling and environmental recovery of areas and wells. Changes arising in new abandonment liability estimations and environmental recovery are capitalized to the related asset.
Capitalized costs include net income obtained by the sale of crude oil from extensive testing, since they are considered necessary to complete the asset.
Depletion
Depletion of natural and environmental resources are determined using the unit-of-production method, using proved developed reserves as a base. Depletion factors are reviewed annually, based on the reserve report.
Reserves are audited by internationally recognized external consultants and approved by the Company’s Board of directors. Proved reserves consist of the estimated quantities of crude oil and natural gas demonstrated with reasonable certainty by geological and engineering data to be recoverable in future years from known reserves under existing economic and operating conditions, that is, at the prices and costs that apply at the date of the estimate.
Impairment
Assets associated to exploration, evaluation and production are subject to review annually for possible impairment in their recoverable value. See policy 3.11 – Impairment of assets.
| 3.9 | Capitalization of borrowing costs |
Borrowing costs related to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset that requires a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are capitalized as part of the cost of that asset when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and costs can be measured reliably. The other borrowing costs are recognized as finance costs in the period in which they are incurred.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Amortization is recognized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life and amortization method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimates being accounted for prospectively.
Expenditures on research activities are recognized as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.
Goodwill is the excess ofthe purchase price over the fair value of theidentifiable assets and liabilities of acquired companies, measured at the acquisition date. The carrying amount of goodwill is not amortized and is reviewed annually for possible impairment losses.
For the purposes of impairment testing, the discounted cash flow method is used to assess impairment of goodwill. If the net present value is less than the carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the Cash Generating Units (CGU) or group of CGUs and then to the other assets of the CGU or group of CGUs. Any impairment loss is recognized directly in profit or loss. Once an impairment loss on goodwill is recognized, it is not reversed in subsequent periods.
Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership. All other leases are classified as operating leases.
Assets held under finance leases, when Ecopetrol is the lessee, are recognized in the statement of financial position at an amount equal to the fair value of the leased asset or, if lower, the present value of the minimum lease payment. The corresponding liability to the lessor is included in the consolidated statement of financial position as a finance lease obligation.
Lease payments are apportioned between finance expenses and reduction of the lease obligation so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance expenses are recognized immediately in profit or loss.
Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term, except where another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased asset are consumed. Contingent rentals arising under operating leases are recognized as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.
In order to evaluate the recoverable amount of tangible and intangible assets, Ecopetrol compares the carrying amount with its recoverable amount at the end of each reporting period or earlier, if there is any indication that an asset may be impaired.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
In order to make an impairment analysis, the assets are grouped into cash generating units (CGU), provided that those assets individually considered do not generate cash inflows that, to a great extent, are independent from those generated by other assets or CGUs. The grouping of assets in different CGUs requires the exercise of professional judgment and the consideration, among other parameters, of the business segments. In this sense, in the segment of Exploration and Production, each CGU corresponds to each one of the different contractual areas commonly called “fields”; by exception, in those cases in which the cash inflows generated by several fields are interdependent on each other, those fields are grouped into a single CGU. In the case of the Refining and Petrochemicals segment, the CGU´s correspond to each one of the refineries of the group and for the segment of Transportation each pipeline is taken as an independent CGU.
The recoverable value is the higher of the fair value less costs of sale and value in use. If the recoverable amount of an asset (or of a CGU) is lower than its net book value, its book value (or that of the CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount, recognizing a loss for impairment of value as expense.
The value in use is determined as the sum of the future discounted cash flows adjusted to the estimated risk. The estimates of future cash flows used in the evaluation of impairment of assets are made with projections of commodity prices, supply and demand estimates and the margins of the products. In case of assets or cash generating units engaged in the evaluation and exploration of reserves, proved, probable and possible reserves are considered, with a risk factor associated to them also being considered.
Once a loss for impairment of value has been recorded, future amortization expense is calculated on the basis of the adjusted recoverable value.
Impairment losses may be reversed, except those corresponding to goodwill, only if the reversal is related to a change in estimates used after the loss for impairment was recognized. These reversals shall not exceed the book value of the assets net of depreciation or amortization that would have been determined if the impairment had never been recognized.
In the reclassification of any non-current asset to non-current assets held-for-sale, the book value of these assets is revised to its fair value less costs to sell. No other provision for depreciation, depletion or amortization is recorded if the fair value less costs to sell is less than the book value.
| 3.14 | Provisions and Contingent Liabilities |
Provisions are recognized when Ecopetrol has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that Ecopetrol will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Where applicable, they are recorded at present value.
Disbursements related to the conservation of the environment for current or future operations, are accounted for as expenses or assets, as it may correspond. Disbursements related to operations of the past that do not contribute to the obtaining of current or future income, are charged to expenses.
The creation of these provisions coincides with the identification of an obligation related to environmental remediation and Ecopetrol has adequate information to determine a reasonable estimate of the respective cost.
Contingent liabilities are not recognized but are subject to disclosure in the explanatory notes whenever the outlay of resources is possible, including those which values cannot be estimated.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
Asset retirement obligation
Liabilities associated to the retirement of assets are recognized when there are current obligations, either legal or implied, related to the abandonment and reclamation of wells, facilities, pipelines, buildings and equipment, as the case may be; they must be recognized using the discounted cash flow technique taking into consideration the economic limit of the field or useful life of the respective asset. When it is not possible to determine a reliable estimate in the period in which the obligation originates, a provision is recognized when there is sufficient information available to make the best estimate.
The book value of the provision is reviewed and adjusted annually considering changes in the variables used for its estimate. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as an interest expense.
Income tax expense is comprised of income tax payable for the period (including, income tax and complementary taxes and income tax for equality - CREE, as appropriate) and the effect of deferred taxes in each period.
The provision for income tax and complementary taxes and income tax for equality (CREE), as appropriate, is calculated based on the higher of the taxable income and presumptive income (the minimum estimated amount of profitability on which the law expects to quantify and collect the income tax). Taxable profit differs from profit before tax as reported in the consolidated statement of profit or loss, because of items income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other periods, special taxable deductions, taxable losses and income or expenses that are non-taxable or non-deductible according to the applicable tax laws in each jurisdiction. Current tax is calculated by applying the enacted or substantially enacted tax rates, as of the close of the corresponding fiscal year.
Deferred tax is accounted for under the liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities in our consolidated financial statements and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax liability is recognized for all temporary differences. Deferred taxes asset is recognized for all deductible temporary differences and for all tax losses to be amortized, insofar there is a reasonable expectation that such differences will be offset against taxable profits.
Deferred taxes on assets and liabilities are calculated based on enacted or substantively enacted statutory tax rates that we believe will be applied to our taxable income during the years in which temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases are expected to be reversed.
Deferred tax asset carrying amounts are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced if it is no longer probable that tax income will be available in the future, that allows full or partial recovery of the asset.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
Deferred taxes are not recognized when they arise in the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction (except in a business combination) that, at the time of the transaction, does not affect the accounting or tax profit, or in respect of the taxes on the possible future distribution of accumulated profits of subsidiaries or investments accounted for by the equity method, if at the time of the distribution it may be controlled by Ecopetrol S.A. and it is probable that the retained earnings will be reinvested by the Group companies and therefore, will not be distributed to Ecopetrol S.A.
The Colombian tax regime does not contemplate any taxation on economic groups or consolidated financial situations. There is therefore no obligation under the Colombian tax regime to make the calculation of the deferred taxes based on the consolidated financial statements. Nevertheless, because of the requirement under IFRS to report deferred tax, it is calculated as the sum of the tax calculated in the individual financial statements of the companies of the Ecopetrol Business Group plus or minus deferred taxes on business combinations, intragroup transactions or other adjustments at a consolidated level.
Salaries and benefits for Ecopetrol staff are governed by the Collective Labor Agreement 01 of 1977, and in their absence, by the Substantive Labor Code. In addition to the legally mandated benefits, employees are entitled to fringe benefits which are subject to the place of work, type of work, length of service, and basic salary. Annual interest of 12% is recognized on accumulated severance amounts for each employee, and the payment of indemnities is provided for when special circumstances arise that result in the non-voluntary termination of the contract, without just cause, and in periods other than the probationary period.
Ecopetrol S.A. belonged to the Special Pension Regime, under which allowances are the responsibility of the company and not a Pension Fund. However Act 797 of January 29, 2003 determined that Ecopetrol employees who joined the Company as of that date would be subject to the provisions of the General Pension Regime. Consequently allowances for employees retired as of July 31, 2010 are still Ecopetrol’s responsibility. Likewise, these employees are entitled to such pension bonus if they worked with Ecopetrol prior to January 29, 2003, but whose employment agreement expired without renewal before that date.
All social benefits of employees who joined the Company before 1990 are the responsibility of Ecopetrol, without the involvement of any social security entity or institution. The cost of health services for the employee and his/her relatives registered with the Company is determined by means of a mortality table, prepared based on facts occurring during the year.
For employees who joined the Company subsequent to the entry into effect of Law 50 of 1990, the Company makes periodic contributions for severance payments, pensions and occupational injuries the funds created for these respective obligations.
In 2008, Ecopetrol S.A. partially switched over the value corresponding to monthly pension payments from its pension liabilities, transferring the said liabilities and their underlying amounts to pension-related autonomous equities (PAP, per its acronym in Spanish). The funds transferred, and returns on those funds, cannot be redirected nor can they be returned to the Company until all of the pension obligations have been fulfilled. The switched obligation covers allowances and pensional bonds payments; while health and education remains under the labor liability in charge of Ecopetrol.
Employee-benefits are divided in four groups comprised as follows:
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
| a) | Short term employee benefits and post-employment benefits |
Benefits to employees in the short term correspond mainly to those which payment will be made in the term of twelve months following the closing of the period in which the employees have rendered their services. This includes mainly salaries, severance, vacations, bonuses and other benefits.
Post-employment benefits of defined contributions correspond to the periodic payments for pensions that the Company makes to the respective funds that assume these obligations in their entirety.
The above benefits are recognized as a liability after deducting any already paid amounts.
| b) | Post-employment defined benefit plans. |
In the defined benefits plan, the Company provides the benefits agreed to current and former employees and assumes the actuarial and investment risks.
The following benefits are classified as long-term defined benefit plans recognized in the financial statements according to the valuations made by an independent actuarial:
| - | Health care to relatives |
The liabilities recognized in the balance sheet in respect of these benefit plans is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date, minus the fair value of plan assets.
The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows using market interest rates, and that have terms to maturity approximating the terms of the related pension obligation.
Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in actuarial assumptions are charged or credited to equity in other comprehensive income in the period in which they arise.
There is no service cost for pensions plan as the beneficiaries were retired on as before July 31, 2010. The service cost is generated by the other benefits that includes current employees in the Company, recognized in the income statement, reflects the increase in the defined benefit obligation resulting from employee service in the current year, benefit changes curtailments and settlements.
| c) | Other long-term benefits |
Other long-term benefit is the five-year term bonus which also makes part of the actuarial valuation. This benefit is a cash bonus accrues on a yearly basis and is paid out at the end of each five-year period that an employee works in the Ecopetrol S.A. The company records in the profit and loss statement the service cost, net liability interests and adjustments of defined benefit plan net liability
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
Termination benefits are recognized only when a detailed plan exists for such process and there is no possibility to withdraw the offer. The Company recognizes a liability and an expense for termination benefits at the earlier date between the date when the offer of said benefits cannot be withdrawn and the date when the restructuration costs are recognized.
These benefits are not part of the actuarial valuation and they relate mainly to retirement allowances.
Revenue from crude oil and natural gas sales is recognized at the time of transfer of title to the buyer, including risks and rewards of ownership. In the case of refined and petrochemical products, revenue is recognized when products are shipped by the refinery and subsequently adjusted in accordance with the volumes actually delivered. Revenue from transportation services is recognized when products are transported and delivered to the buyer in accordance with sale terms. In other cases, revenue is recognized at the time it is earned and a true, probable and quantifiable right to demand its payment arises.
Under current regulations, Ecopetrol and Refinería de Cartagena S.A, sell regular gasoline and ACPM at a regulated price.
Per Decree 1880 of 2014, the Ministry of Mines and Energy semi-annually calculates and liquidates Ecopetrol’s net position to be stabilized for each fuel by the Fuel Price Stabilization Fund (FEPC). The net position is calculated by summarizing all differentials throughout the half year and the result is an amount in pesos in favor of the Company or the FEPC and chargeable to the FEPC. The differential is calculated as the volume reported by the Company at the time of sale multiplied by the difference between the international parity price and the reference price. The international parity price the daily prices of gasoline and diesel oil of the respective month in pesos, indexed to the Unites States of America Gulf market in accordance with Resolution 18 0522 of 2010 and the Producer Price reference defined by the Ministry of Mines and Energy.
Costs and expenses are presented according to their function; they are detailed in the related disclosures in cost of sales, administrative, operating, projects and other associated expenses.
New standards and interpretations that apply for annual periods beginning on 1 January 2016 or later, and which have not been applied in preparing these consolidated financial statements are as follows:
Standard | | Description | | Effective date |
| | | | |
IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments | | Includes the requirements of classification and measurement of impairment and hedge accounting; and in relation to the impairment of financial assets, IFRS 9 requires an expected credit loss model, as opposed to an incurred credit loss model under IAS 39. Therefore it is no longer necessary for a credit event to have occurred before credit losses are recognized. | | January 1st, 2018 |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with customers | | Establishes a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from customers. Under IFRS 15, an entity recognizes revenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, i.e. when “control” of the goods or services underlying the particular performance obligation is transferred to the customer. IFRS 15 will supersede the current revenue recognition guidance including IAS 18 – Revenue, IAS 11 Construction Contracts and the related interpretations when it becomes effective. | | January 1st, 2017 |
| | | | |
Amendments to IFRS 11 – Accounting for Acquisitions of Interests in Joint Operations | | The amendments to IFRS 11 provide guidance on how to account for the acquisition of a joint operation that constitutes a business. | | January 1st, 2016 |
| | | | |
Amendments to IAS 16 – Property, plant and equipment and IAS 38 – Intangible assets | | Amendments clarify the acceptable methods of Depreciation and Amortization and prohibit entities from using a revenue-based depreciation method for items of property, plant and equipment. The amendments introduce a rebuttable presumption that revenue is not an appropriate basis for amortization of an intangible asset. | | January 1st, 2016 |
| | | | |
Amendment to IFRS 10 - Consolidated Financial Statements and IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures | | Amendments clarify that a full gain or loss is recognized when a transaction involves a business (as defined under IFRS 3). A partial gain or loss is recognized when a transaction involves assets that do not constitute a business, even if those assets are in a subsidiary. | | January 1st, 2016 |
Ecopetrol does not anticipate that the application of the new and the amended standards will have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.
| 4. | First time adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards - IFRS |
As part of the implementation process of International Financial Reporting Standards (hereinafter ¨IFRS¨) In conformity with the provisions of Law 1314 of 2009, Regulatory Decree 2784 of December 2012 and Decrees 3023 and 3024 of 2013, Ecopetrol S.A. belongs to Group 1 of preparers of financial information and, consequently, the issuance of the first financial statements under Financial Reporting Standards shall be as of December 31, 2015 and opening statement financial position as of January 1, 2014, being the transition date.
In preparing these Financial Statements in accordance with IFRS 1, First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS 1), we applied the following optional and mandatory exemptions from full retrospective application of IFRS:
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
| 4.1 | Exemptions to retrospective application chosen by the company |
| (a) | Business combinations – IFRS 1 includes an optional exception for business combinations as an alternative to applying IFRS 3 retrospectively (business combinations that occurred before the date of transition to IFRS). However, the entity may elect to restate business combinations from any date prior to the date of transition. If any business combination is restated, then all later business combinations must also be restated and also has to apply IFRS 10. |
Ecopetrol applied the exemption set out above for all business combinations that occurred up to the date of transition. Therefore, it has not restated any business combination that took place before January 1, 2014.
| (b) | Fair value used as deemed cost of property, plant and equipment– The exemption to IFRS 1 allows fair value, at the date of the transition to IFRS, to be used as deemed cost of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and investment properties. IFRS 1 establishes that a revaluation under previous GAAP (RCP), at the date of transition or previous, may be used as deemed cost, at the date of the revaluation, if it is broadly comparable to: |
| § | Depreciated cost under IFRS. |
Ecopetrol elected to measure certain land properties at fair value as at the transition date and use that amount as its deemed cost in the opening IFRS balance sheet. Fair value was measured on the basis of a valuation performed by external, independent experts. See Note 4.2 (1) (i)
For other Property, plant and equipment items, useful lives where established according to appraisals and technical support from the operating areas of the Company. Accumulated depreciation was recalculated based on these new useful lives and adjustments were recognized in the opening IFRS balance sheet. For minor property, plant and equipment items such as office equipment, computer equipment and vehicles the Company has considered depreciated or revaluated cost under RCP as deemed cost at transition date, since it is comparable to its depreciated cost in accordance with IFRS. See Note 4.2 (1) (v)
| (c) | Leases– The exemption on IFRS 1 establishes that a company may determine whether arrangements in existence on the date of the transition to IFRS contain leases on the basis of the facts and circumstances existing at the date of transition. |
Ecopetrol elected to apply this exemption and therefore has considered the facts and circumstances existing at the date of transition to determine the existence of implied leases in its contracts and agreements.
| (d) | Decommissioning liabilities included in the cost of property, plant and equipment – A first-time adopter may elect not to comply with requirements of IFRIC 1 for changes in decommissioning, restoration and similar liabilities. Therefore the Company can: |
| i. | Measure the liability as at the date of transition in accordance with IAS 37; |
| ii. | To the extent that the liability is within the scope of IFRIC 1, estimate the amount that would have been included in the cost of related asset when the liability arose, by discounting the liability to that date using its best estimate of the historical risk-adjusted discount rate that would have applied for that liability over the intervening period and; |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
| iii. | Calculate the accumulated depreciation on that amount, as at the date of transition to IFRSs, on the basis of the current estimate of the useful life of the asset, using depreciation policy adopted by the entity under IFRS. |
Ecopetrol elected to apply this exemption and measure its Asset Retirement Obligation as at the date of transition and estimate the cost of the related asset and depreciate it to the transition date.
| (e) | Borrowing costs – IFRS 1 permits the entity to either capitalize borrowing costs relating to the construction of any qualifying assets; or designate a date before the date of transition and apply the standard to borrowing costs related to qualifying assets for which the commencement date for capitalization is on or after that designated date. (See Note 4.2(1)(iv)) |
The Company elected to apply this exemption and adopted as a policy to capitalize borrowing costs under IAS 23 starting on the transition date, January 1, 2014.(See Note 4.2(1)(ii))
| (f) | Classification of financial instruments – IFRS 1 includes a number of optional exemptions for first-time adopters, applying IFRS 9, in relation to the designation of previously recognized financial instruments. Ecopetrol elected to apply the following exemptions: |
| i. | A first-time adopter may designate a financial asset as at fair value through profit or loss provided that the asset meets the criteria for such classification as at the date of transition to IFRS. |
| ii. | An entity may designate an equity instrument as at fair value through other comprehensive income provided that the asset meets the criteria for such classification as at the date of transition. |
| (g) | Fair value measurement of financial assets or financial liabilities at initial recognition –Ecopetrol applied measurement of financial assets and liabilities at fair value prospectively at the date of transition. |
| (h) | Financial assets and intangible assets service concession arrangements – Ecopetrol recognized financial assets and intangible assets at carrying amounts at the date of transition to IFRS. |
| (i) | Fair value measurement of financial assets or financial liabilities at initial recognition –Ecopetrol applied measurement of financial assets and liabilities at fair value prospectively at the date of transition. |
| (j) | The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates – IFRS 1 permits the entity do not determine the cumulative translation differences recognized in other comprehensive income that existed at the date of transition to IFRSs. If this exemption is applied, the cumulative translation differences for all foreign operations are deemed to be zero at the date of transition to IFRSs. |
| 4.2 | Reconciliation of financial position |
The reconciliations that follow reflect the impact of the transition to IFRS on the financial position previously reported by Ecopetrol:
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
Equity reconciliation at March 31, December 31 and January 1, 2014:
| | December 31, | | | March 31, | | | January 1, | |
| | 2014 | | | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
Consolidated shareholders’ equity under previous GAAP | | | 68,545,972 | | | | 63,053,198 | | | | 71,119,203 | |
Property, plant and equipment and natural resources (1) | | | (22,901,793 | ) | | | (21,190,074 | ) | | | (21,246,532 | ) |
Non-controlling interest in Equion (2) | | | (1,017,201 | ) | | | (1,281,457 | ) | | | (1,222,118 | ) |
Deferred tax (3) | | | (530,725 | ) | | | (69,978 | ) | | | (268,794 | ) |
Deferred charges (4) | | | (230,516 | ) | | | (528,186 | ) | | | (706,655 | ) |
Non-controlling interests (5) | | | 4,195,935 | | | | 4,731,000 | | | | 4,573,748 | |
Foreign currency translation (6) | | | 1,400,203 | | | | 23,577 | | | | - | |
Liabilities and assets at amortized cost, equity method and others (7) | | | 1,378,162 | | | | 597,264 | | | | 132,252 | |
Employee benefits liability (8) | | | 234,162 | | | | (1,272,734 | ) | | | (1,389,846 | ) |
Consolidated equity under IFRS | | | 51,074,199 | | | | 44,062,610 | | | | 50,991,258 | |
| (1) | The detail of adjustments related to property, plant and equipment and natural resources, is as follows: |
| | December 31, | | | March 31, | | | January 1, | |
| | 2014 | | | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
Reversal of revaluation and provisions recognized under RCP (i) | | | (21,211,265 | ) | | | (22,241,913 | ) | | | (22,294,768) | |
Non-capitalizable borrowing costs, elimination of inflation adjustments and others (ii) | | | (2,321,353 | ) | | | (260,311 | ) | | | (341,480 | ) |
Assets impairment (iii) | | | (495,110 | ) | | | (414,806 | ) | | | (428,151 | ) |
Abandonment costs (iv) | | | (492,779 | ) | | | (298,630 | ) | | | (366,847 | ) |
Depreciation (v) | | | 1,618,714 | | | | 2,025,586 | | | | 2,184,715 | |
Total property, plant and equipment adjustments | | | (22,901,793 | ) | | | (21,190,074 | ) | | | (21,246,532 | ) |
| i. | Reversal of revaluations and provisions recognized under previous GAAP were made since the Company elected to recognize its property, plant and equipment, other than lands, at its cost. |
| - | Borrowing costs non-capitalized under IFRS in the amount of $2,212,286(March 31, 2014 - $101,067. Due to the exemption adopted by the Company which is described in Note 4.1 there is no value for this adjustment at the opening balance. Under previous GAAP, the Company capitalized a higher value of expense for exchange differences relating to capital expenditures, while under IFRS, the exchange difference is limited to a hypothetical interest expense in the functional currency and the interest expense on the debt. |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
| - | Sales of oil production for assets under extensive tests in exploration and evaluation phase are recorded as a lower value of assets under IFRS of ($157,420) (March 31, 2014 - $146,677 and (January 1, 2014 - $146,985). Under previous GAAP these sales are recognized as income. |
| - | Adjustment for assets related to incorporated institutional equity in the amount of $41,204 (March 31, 2014 - $40,300 and January 1, 2014 - $43,033) |
| - | A decrease of $116,029 (March 31 and January 1, 2014 - $174,400) due to embedded leases not recognized under previous GAAP and other minor amounts. |
| iii. | Recognition of impairment of assets in accordance with IAS 36 – Impairment of assets, taking into account that the Company established its Cash Generating Units (CGUs) as the oil and gas production fields or groups of fields, refineries and pipelines. |
| iv. | Discount to present value of dismantling and abandonment of asset costs for the Business Group companies and depreciation of the related abandonment assets under IFRS. The amounts were not discounted under previous GAAP. |
| v. | Under previous GAAP useful lives of property, plant and equipment were established under tax criteria, while under IFRS useful lives are established based on technical and economic criteria. Therefore depreciation was recalculated to reflect this change. Moreover, for the exploration and production segment’s fixed assets, the depreciation method was changed from straight-line to technical-units of production. In addition, we eliminated the inflation adjustments due to they are not permitted under IFRS. These values were eliminated from the opening balance. |
| (2) | Non-controlling interest in Equion: There is a lower value of equity due to the fact that under IFRS, the investment in Equion is recognized using the equity method, while under previous GAAP Equion was recorded as a consolidated entity. |
| (3) | Net decrease in deferred tax generated by variations in measurement of assets and liabilities under IFRS that resulted in temporary differences in assets (liabilities). Main variations are: increase in carrying amount of property, plant and equipment generating a higher deferred tax liability, presumptive tax excesses and tax loss carry forwards generating a higher deferred tax asset. |
| (4) | Deferred charges: Decrease due to the fact that some assets recognized as deferred assets under previous GAAP are considered expenses under IFRS, such as tax on equity and others. |
| (5) | Non-controlling interest: Increase due to the fact that under IFRS it is presented as an equity item, while under previous GAAP is presented as a liability. |
| (6) | Corresponds to the foreign currency translation, for consolidation purposes, of those companies under the Business Group with a functional currency different to Colombian peso. |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
| (7) | Includes the following adjustments: |
| - | Financial obligations and accounts payable valuation at amortized cost of 735,433 (March 31, 2014 - $615,981 and January 1, 2014 - $38,257). Under Previous GGAP, transaction costs are recorded directly in the statement of income, while IFRS are taken into account for calculating the effective interest rate and carried at amortize under cost. |
| - | Equity method for investments in associates and jointly controlled entities under IFRS of $652,562 (March 31, 2014 - $260,195 and January 1, 2014 - $319,729). The adjustment is mainly due to the variation in the calculation of the equity method because the asset base of these associates was determined in accordance with IFRS. |
| - | Financial assets at fair value and other minor adjustments $9,833 (March 31, 2014-$278,912). At January 1, 2014, other adjustments primarily include adjustments of inventory at net realizable value and the amortized cost of receivables is presented of $211,046. |
| (8) | Under IFRS, the assets that back the pension liability (pension-related autonomous equities - PAP) are part of the balance sheet, as well as the liabilities corresponding to labor obligations subject to actuarial estimation (pensions, pension bonds, five year period benefit, health and education). Such estimation is made under IFRS guidelines using the projected unit credit method, which differ from estimations performed under previous GAAP. |
Another difference between IFRS and previous GAAP corresponds to the discount rate used in the actuarial calculations under IFRS is a long-term rate while previous GAAP, the discount rate is fixed by law (the average inflation in years).
| 4.3 | Reconciliation of net income |
Reconciliation of net income for the year ended December 31, 2014 and the three month period ended March 31 2014:
| | December 31 | | | March 31 | |
| | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
| | (12 months) | | | (3 months) | |
Consolidated net income under previous GAAP | | | 7,510,270 | | | | 3,287,378 | |
Foreign currency exchange and borrowing costs (a) | | | (1,739,471 | ) | | | 186,901 | |
Consolidation, crude oil over/under lift, inventories, equity method and other (b) | | | 236,478 | | | | (77,979 | ) |
Property, plant and equipment and natural resources (c) | | | (488,709 | ) | | | (14,509 | ) |
Deferred taxes (d) | | | 533,953 | | | | (69,978 | ) |
Deferred charges (e) | | | 527,712 | | | | 521,326 | |
Actuarial liability (f) | | | 438,863 | | | | - | |
Consolidated net income under IFRS | | | 7,019,096 | | | | 3,888,101 | |
Accumulated foreign currency translation | | | 2,717,632 | | | | (291,201 | ) |
Net fair value gain (loss) on available-for-sale financial assets | | | 76,436 | | | | 29,065 | |
Remeasurement of defined benefit obligation | | | 782,194 | | | | 62,147 | |
Total comprehensive income under IFRS | | | 10,595,358 | | | | 3,688,112 | |
| (a) | In 2014 the effect is a net decrease of $1,739,471 mainly due to: lower value of capitalized borrowing costs and foreign currency exchange amounting to $2,212,286 due to a increase in the foreign currency exchange generated for the Group’s companies with functional currency different to Colombian peso in the amount of $472,815. |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
| (b) | Decrease in net income in 2014 by $236,478 mainly due to: a) ($167,998) adjustments at consolidation level of differences between previous GAAP and IFRS, mainly in unrealized gains and equity method in associates; b) ($21,395) adjustments to over/under lift at fair value; c) ($77,753) adjustments to inventory at net realizable value; and d) ($2,271) for other minor adjustments. These adjustments are offset by an increase of $501,353 mainly because of the application of equity method and the effects in non-controlling interests. |
During first quarter of 2014 net income decreased by $77,979 mainly due to: a) ($99,243) of adjustments to over/under lift at fair value; b) ($27,856) equity method and non-controlling interests adjustments and; c) a $49,120 increase mainly due to differences in consolidation between IFRS and previous GAAP.
| (c) | Property, plant and equipment generated a net decrease of $488,709 in 2014 ($14,509 – first quarter of 2014) mainly related to: a) increase by $46,740 ($131,529 – first quarter of 2014) for a lower depreciation and amortization expense and; b) decrease by $535,449 ($146,307 – first quarter of 2014) due to: |
| i) | impairment of assets $90,332 ($28,773 first quarter of 2014) |
| ii) | decrease related to discount to present value of abandonment costs liability $143,059 ($69,528 first quarter of 2014) |
| iii) | A decrease on other fixed assets for costs that cannot be capitalized under IFRS and others minor items by $302,058 ($49,006 first quarter of 2014). |
| (d) | There are differences from deferred tax under IFRS and previous GAAP, due to variations in the measurement of assets and liabilities under IFRS, which have resulted in temporary differences in assets (liabilities). In 2014 deferred tax expense decreased by $533,953. Among the main variations in net income under IFRS for 2014 there are a) higher value of deferred tax assets by $671,741 originated in the change for recording capitalized interests and foreign currency exchange b) increase in the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment as a result of a lower rate of depreciation under IFRS and c) other temporary differences that generate a lower value of deferred tax by $4,239. During the first quarter of 2014, there is a decrease in income by $ 69,978, due to: a) lower value of deferred tax assets by ($34,078) caused by a lower carrying amount of property, plant and equipment construction in progress under IFRS compared to previous GAAP, b) Difference in the abandonment cost under previous GAAP that generate higher deferred tax expense by $23,509 and c) other minor adjustments by $10,569. |
| (e) | Deferred charges generated an increase in net income mainly as a result of elimination of the last equity tax payment by $490,923 which under IFRS is recognized in equity as an opening financial statement adjustment and under previous GAAP was expensed during 2014. Elimination of assets that under IFRS cannot be classified as deferred assets by $33,629 ($30,043 - first quarter of 2014). |
| (f) | Adjustments in actuarial valuations that relate to long-term employee-benefits (pensions, severance, five-year term, health and education) were performed in accordance with IFRS criteria. The last valuation was made at December 31, 2014. |
| 4.4 | Reconciliation of cash flow |
At the end of the first quarter of 2014, cash and cash equivalents under previous GAAP amounted $9,511,483 and under IFRS amounted to $9,900,750. The difference between IFRS and previous GAAP of $389,267 is explained by:
a) A $241,358 decrease in cash for the non-consolidation of Equion Energy Limited.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
b) A $153,708 decrease due to the fact that changes of criteria of presentation of resources recorded under previous GAAP as other financial assets.
c) An increase of $476,909 due to at the end of March 2014, the consolidation under previous GAAP was prepared with the Reficar's financial statements available at that date (February 2014). For IFRS, available information corresponded to March 2014.
The transition from Colombian GAAP to IFRS did not materially change the underlying cash flows of the Company.
The main changes in operating activities are justified by the impact explained in section 4.3 and reclassifications of financial interest paid and receipts, which for previous GAAP regulations were recorded under operating cash flows. The change in investment activities is generated by the presentation of interest received under investing activities and the difference in the criteria for capitalization of maintenance of fixed assets; and the change in financing activities is for the presentation of interest paid under financing activities which were presented within operating activities under previous GAAP.
| 5. | Cash and cash equivalents |
The balance of cash and cash equivalents is comprised as follows:
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | January 1, | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
Banks and corporations | | | 7,514,895 | | | | 5,117,770 | | | | 6,429,567 | |
Short term investments | | | 2,288,523 | | | | 880,455 | | | | 616,344 | |
Special funds (1) | | | 1,136,478 | | | | 1,016,780 | | | | 1,494,760 | |
Cash | | | 1,107 | | | | 726 | | | | 467 | |
| | | 10,941,003 | | | | 7,015,731 | | | | 8,541,138 | |
| (1) | Includes restricted cash used exclusively for the repayment of the loan acquired by Oleoducto Bicentenario S.A.S. for the amount of $94,432 as of March 31, 2015 ($96,740 as of December 31, 2014 and $111,482 as of January 1, 2014). |
Fair value of cash and cash equivalents approximates its carrying amount due to its short-term nature (less than 3 months maturity) and high liquidity.
| 6. | Trade and other receivables |
The balance of trade and other receivables is comprised as follows:
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | January 1, | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
Current portion | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Customers | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Foreign | | | 1,791,028 | | | | 1,718,507 | | | | 2,934,134 | |
National | | | 1,344,818 | | | | 1,203,480 | | | | 1,118,960 | |
Related parties (see note 29) | | | 145,056 | | | | 75,561 | | | | 164,711 | |
Price differential to be received from the Ministry of Mines and Energy (1) | | | 314,872 | | | | 750,055 | | | | 1,058,739 | |
Accounts receivable from employees (2) | | | 139,332 | | | | 135,421 | | | | 60,177 | |
Industrial service clients | | | 18,361 | | | | 1,686 | | | | 13,004 | |
Reimbursements and investments yields | | | 15,955 | | | | 141 | | | | 122 | |
Doubtful accounts | | | 9,169 | | | | 8,667 | | | | 25,819 | |
Various debtors | | | 634,321 | | | | 577,253 | | | | 210,906 | |
Total | | | 4,412,912 | | | | 4,470,771 | | | | 5,586,572 | |
Minus – Allowance for doubtful accounts (3) | | | (9,169 | ) | | | (8,667 | ) | | | (25,819 | ) |
Total current | | | 4,403,743 | | | | 4,462,104 | | | | 5,560,753 | |
Non-current portion | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Customers | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Foreign | | | 15,848 | | | | 16,530 | | | | 2,506 | |
National | | | 9,478 | | | | 9,788 | | | | 5,664 | |
Accounts receivable from employees (2) | | | 318,589 | | | | 305,117 | | | | 244,207 | |
Doubtful accounts | | | 238,947 | | | | 235,810 | | | | 227,372 | |
Price differential to be received from the Ministry of Mines and Energy (1) | | | 77,510 | | | | 77,510 | | | | 77,510 | |
Others | | | 47,876 | | | | 46,231 | | | | 378,274 | |
Total | | | 708,248 | | | | 690,986 | | | | 935,533 | |
Minus – Allowance for doubtful accounts (3) | | | (238,947 | ) | | | (235,810 | ) | | | (227,372 | ) |
Total Non-current | | | 469,301 | | | | 455,176 | | | | 708,161 | |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
| (1) | Account receivable from the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit, arising from the regular motor gasoline and diesel price differentials pursuant to Resolution 180522 issued on March 29, 2010. During the first quarter of 2015, this account has been reduced as a result of the International Parity Price has been lower than the index price. The Ministry makes the payment in consideration of the resolution for the net liquidation position in favor of Ecopetrol for months with pending payments. |
| (2) | The administration, management and control of loans granted to employees by Ecopetrol were transferred to Cavipetrol, which, in its capacity as administrator, monitors, in its database and financial system, the details per employee of said loans and their respective conditions. |
| (3) | The following shows the changes in allowance for doubtful accounts: |
| | March 31 | | | December 31 | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
Opening balance | | | 244,477 | | | | 253,191 | |
Additions (new allowances) | | | 44 | | | | 2,430 | |
Accounts receivable write-off | | | (225 | ) | | | (19,628 | ) |
Effects of exchange rate changes on allowances and other | | | 3,820 | | | | 8,484 | |
Closing balance | | | 248,116 | | | | 244,477 | |
Carrying amounts of trade and other receivables approximates to its fair value.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
The balance of Inventories is comprised as follows:
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | January 1, | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
Finished products | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Crude oil | | | 673,079 | | | | 611,718 | | | | 1,019,621 | |
Fuels | | | 866,408 | | | | 931,440 | | | | 894,837 | |
Petrochemicals | | | 111,684 | | | | 140,118 | | | | 86,101 | |
Purchase products | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fuels | | | 102,817 | | | | 44,169 | | | | 65,615 | |
Crude oil | | | 210,529 | | | | 224,106 | | | | 296,289 | |
Petrochemicals | | | 36,976 | | | | 25,515 | | | | 21,732 | |
Raw materials | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Crude oil | | | 160,910 | | | | 174,290 | | | | 255,748 | |
Fuels | | | 40,889 | | | | 58,158 | | | | 40,011 | |
Agricultural Products | | | 685 | | | | 681 | | | | - | |
Products in process | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fuels | | | 299,415 | | | | 376,635 | | | | 484,745 | |
Petrochemicals | | | 17,138 | | | | 16,133 | | | | 11,282 | |
Materials for the production of goods | | | 417,088 | | | | 440,807 | | | | 419,107 | |
Materials in transit | | | 47,452 | | | | 62,083 | | | | 79,229 | |
Total | | | 2,985,070 | | | | 3,105,853 | | | | 3,674,317 | |
Minus – Allowance for inventories (1) | | | (181,030 | ) | | | (151,997 | ) | | | (100,490 | ) |
Total | | | 2,804,040 | | | | 2,953,856 | | | | 3,573,827 | |
(1) The following shows a breakdown of the changes in the allowance for inventories:
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
Opening Balance | | | 151,997 | | | | 100,490 | |
Allowance increase | | | 35,748 | | | | 74,195 | |
Use of allowance | | | (6,715 | ) | | | (22,688 | ) |
Closing Balance | | | 181,030 | | | | 151,997 | |
The Increase in the inventory allowance is mainly due to the adjustment of inventory to its net realizable value due to the current fluctuations in international crude oil prices and derivatives.
The balance of other financial assets is comprised as follows:
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | January 1, | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
Assets measured at fair value through profit and loss (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Securities issued by financial entities | | | 1,628,414 | | | | 610,678 | | | | 711,417 | |
Securities issued or secured by US government | | | 392,302 | | | | 257,697 | | | | 271,525 | |
Securities issued or secured by Colombian government | | | 328,324 | | | | 271,253 | | | | 92,969 | |
Securities issued or secured by government sponsored enterprise (GSEs) | | | 265,994 | | | | 261,896 | | | | 204,259 | |
Other financial assets | | | 37,068 | | | | 27,137 | | | | 62,238 | |
| | | 2,652,102 | | | | 1,428,661 | | | | 1,342,408 | |
Assets measured at amortized cost | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other financial assets | | | 567,431 | | | | 600,738 | | | | 832,790 | |
Securities issued or secured by Colombian government | | | 98 | | | | 46,971 | | | | 142,348 | |
| | | 567,529 | | | | 647,709 | | | | 975,138 | |
Total | | | 3,219,631 | | | | 2,076,370 | | | | 2,317,546 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current | | | 2,547,765 | | | | 1,586,314 | | | | 1,948,172 | |
Non-current | | | 671,866 | | | | 490,056 | | | | 369,374 | |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
| (1) | Includes restricted resources made up of fixed yield investments entered into based on the court rulings linked to the Derecho Comuneros – Santiago de las Atalayas y Pueblo Viejo de Cusiana proceedings, with regard to the attachment and seizure of royalty payments that Ecopetrol was to have paid pursuant to Royalty Contracts Nos. 15, 15A, 16 and 16A, declared null by statute in the State Council ruling of September 13, 1999. At March 31, 2015 this resources amount to $594,011 (2014 - $548,412 and January 1, 2014 -$371,386). |
The classification of the other financial assets at fair value at March 31, 2015, December 31, 2014 and January 1, 2014 is comprised as follows:
| | Level 1 | | | Level 2 | | | Level 3 | | | Total | |
Assets measured at fair value through profit and loss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Securities issued by financial entities | | | - | | | | 70,014 | | | | 1,558,400 | | | | 1,628,414 | |
Securities issued or secured by US government | | | - | | | | 328,324 | | | | | | | | 328,324 | |
Securities issued or secured by Colombian government | | | 327,717 | | | | 64,586 | | | | | | | | 392,303 | |
Securities issued or secured by government sponsored enterprise (GSEs) | | | - | | | | 265,993 | | | | | | | | 265,993 | |
Other financial assets | | | - | | | | 37,068 | | | | | | | | 37,068 | |
| | | 327,717 | | | | 765,985 | | | | 1,558,400 | | | | 2,652,102 | |
| | Level 1 | | | Level 2 | | | Level 3 | | | Total |
Assets measured at fair value through profit and loss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Securities issued by financial entities | | | - | | | | 210,296 | | | | 400,381 | | | 610,677 |
Securities issued or secured by US government | | | - | | | | 271,252 | | | | | | | 271,252 |
Securities issued or secured by Colombian government | | | 257,697 | | | | - | | | | | | | 257,697 |
Securities issued or secured by government sponsored enterprise (GSEs) | | | - | | | | 261,896 | | | | | | | 261,896 |
Other financial assets | | | - | | | | 27,138 | | | | | | | 27,138 |
| | | 257,697 | | | | 770,582 | | | | 400,381 | | | 1,428,660 |
| | Level 1 | | | Level 2 | | | Level 3 | | | Total | |
Assets measured at fair value through profit and loss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Securities issued by financial entities | | | - | | | | 641,657 | | | | 69,761 | | | | 711,418 | |
Securities issued or secured by US government | | | - | | | | 92,969 | | | | | | | | 92,969 | |
Securities issued or secured by Colombian government | | | 135,662 | | | | 135,863 | | | | | | | | 271,525 | |
Securities issued or secured by government sponsored enterprise (GSEs) | | | 8,251 | | | | 196,007 | | | | | | | | 204,258 | |
Other financial assets | | | 5,730 | | | | 56,508 | | | | | | | | 62,238 | |
| | | 149,643 | | | | 1,123,004 | | | | 69,761 | | | | 1,342,408 | |
Ecopetrol´s portfolio securities are valued, in their majority, at market prices. As well, the portfolio is made up by some investments in instruments called CDTs (Certificates of Deposit) in pesos that use the margin methodology for the calculation of the market value.
For the US dollar denominated investments, five information suppliers are taken as reference: JP Morgan, Bloomberg, Merrill Lynch, Reuters and Infovalmer. For the investments denominated in pesos, the supplier of prices and margins is Infovalmer, an entity authorized by the Financial Superintendency of Colombia that provides the information for valuation of investments locally.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
| 9. | Tax assets and liabilities and current and deferred income tax |
The balance of current tax assets and liabilities is comprised as follows:
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | January 1, | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
Current tax assets | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Taxes credits to be claimed to the government | | | 1,371,024 | | | | 1,474,388 | | | | 1,324,436 | |
Income tax and income tax for equality (CREE) | | | 342,136 | | | | 324,758 | | | | 132,646 | |
Other receivables taxes | | | 145,266 | | | | 219,340 | | | | 88,243 | |
Total | | | 1,858,426 | | | | 2,018,486 | | | | 1,545,325 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current tax liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income tax and complementary taxes | | | 964,343 | | | | 537,745 | | | | 446,178 | |
Income taxes for equality -CREE | | | 478,121 | | | | 674,977 | | | | 1,452,575 | |
Income taxes for equality -CREE surcharge | | | 17,424 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Industry and commerce tax and other minor taxes | | | 358,526 | | | | 412,427 | | | | 247,138 | |
National tax on gasoline and surtax on gasoline | | | 290,082 | | | | 269,612 | | | | 267,459 | |
Wealth tax | | | 491,183 | | | | - | | | | 552,927 | |
Total | | | 2,599,679 | | | | 1,894,761 | | | | 2,966,277 | |
Income tax and complementary taxes
The Tax regulations applicable to Ecopetrol S.A.’s establish the following:
| (a) | Starting January 1, 2013, taxable revenues in Colombia are taxed at the rate of 25% for income tax and complementary taxes, except for taxpayers with an express provision for special rates. The basis for determining the income tax may not be lower than 3% of the taxpayer’s net equity on the last day of the immediately preceding taxable period (presumptive income), except for those taxpayers that have different regulations established by law. |
| (b) | Beginning with the 2007 fiscal period, the inflation adjustments system was eliminated for tax purposes, and the tax on capital gains was reestablished for legal persons on the total taxable capital gains obtained by taxpayers during the year, which will be taxed in accordance with the rates that are in effect at the closing of each period. |
| (c) | Starting January 1, 2013, Law 1607 of December 2012 created the income tax for equality (CREE) as a contribution from taxpaying companies and legal and naturalized persons filing income and complementary taxes to benefit workers, job creation and social investment. Taxpayers of income and complementary taxes are: Corporations, Legal persons and similar foreign corporations and entities with national source income. Taxpayers should not file the CREE return, if they areIndividuals, Nonprofit entities, Companies declared as part of the free trade zone as of December 31, 2012 or that had filed an application as of December 31, 2012, Free trade zone users subject to the special income and complementary tax rate established in article 240-1 TC. |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
Tax reform
On December 23rd, 2014, Law 1739 provided for tax reform including the following provisions:
| - | Set a surtax on the income tax for equality (CREE) for those tax payers established in the article 20 of Law 1607 of 2012. The surtax will increase the rate of income tax for equality (CREE) by 5% in 2015, 6% in 2016, 8% in 2017 and 9% on 2018. |
| - | Established a wealth tax, which defines as its taxable event the possession of wealth as of January 1, 2015, 2016 and 2017, to be paid by income tax payers. Wealth tax is generated by the possession of wealth as of January 1, 2015, that is higher than or equal to $1.000 million pesos. In this law, the concept of wealth is equal to gross equity minus debt at said date. At March 31, 2015, Ecopetrol recognized the wealth tax of 2015, considering the best estimate of its equity. The Company will adjust the amounts estimated when the tax settlement is made in May 2015. |
Income tax expenses
The following shows a breakdown of the income tax and complementary taxes, income tax for equality – CREE and income tax for equality – CREE surcharge recognized in profit and loss for the first quarter of 2015 and 2014:
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
Current taxes | | | | | | | | |
Income tax | | | 530,202 | | | | 1,531,494 | |
Income tax for equality – CREE | | | 154,884 | | | | 542,184 | |
Income tax for equality – CREE surcharge | | | 71,466 | | | | - | |
| | | 756,552 | | | | 2,073,678 | |
Deferred taxes | | | | | | | | |
Deferred income tax | | | (245,370 | ) | | | (67,906 | ) |
Deferred income tax for equality – CREE | | | (76,777 | ) | | | 88,457 | |
Deferred income tax for equality – CREE surcharge | | | 37,971 | | | | - | |
| | | (284,176 | ) | | | 20,551 | |
Income tax expense | | | 472,376 | | | | 2,094,229 | |
Income tax expense is recognised based on management's estimate of the weighted average annual income tax rate expected for the full financial year. The estimated average annual tax rate used for the first quarter of 2015 is 57.03% (the estimated annual tax rate for the first quarter of 2014 was 33%). This increase is mainly due to adjustments related with foreign exchange currencies on investments due to a higher devaluation in 2015 as compared to the same period in 2014, an increase on leases related with the new wealth tax and the CREE surtax for 2015.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
Deferred income tax
The balance of deferred taxes at March 31, 2015, December 31, 2015 and January 1, 2014 is comprised as follows:
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | January 1, | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
Asset – Deferred income tax and complementary taxes | | | 2,366,709 | | | | 2,376,651 | | | | 2,795,133 | |
Asset – Deferred income tax for equality – CREE | | | 603,911 | | | | 632,434 | | | | 822,951 | |
Asset – Deferred income tax for equality – CREE surcharge | | | 87,439 | | | | 81,928 | | | | - | |
| | | 3,058,059 | | | | 3,091,013 | | | | 3,618,084 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liability – Deferred income tax and complementary taxes | | | (2,682,414 | ) | | | (2,908,435 | ) | | | (3,007,027 | ) |
Liability – Deferred income tax for equality – CREE | | | (943,532 | ) | | | (1,033,122 | ) | | | (1,029,461 | ) |
Liability – Deferred income tax for equality – CREE surcharge | | | (162,003 | ) | | | (98,586 | ) | | | - | |
| | | (3,787,949 | ) | | | (4,040,143 | ) | | | (4,036,488 | ) |
Total deferred income tax | | | (729,890 | ) | | | (949,130 | ) | | | (418,404 | ) |
The following shows a breakdown of the changes in deferred assets and liabilities:
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | January 1, | |
Deferred tax asset in relation to: | | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
Accounts payable | | | 167,731 | | | | 203,347 | | | | 547,888 | |
Inventories | | | 1,026 | | | | 57,970 | | | | 726 | |
Trade and other receivables | | | 1,149 | | | | 18,371 | | | | 41,480 | |
Property, plant and equipment | | | 450,785 | | | | 378,318 | | | | 290,328 | |
Other assets | | | 65,915 | | | | 63,807 | | | | 537,200 | |
Financial obligations | | | 143,130 | | | | 105,206 | | | | 47,457 | |
Provisions of employee benefits | | | 228,991 | | | | 258,973 | | | | 469,633 | |
Estimated liabilities and provisions | | | 1,712,673 | | | | 1,721,087 | | | | 1,390,170 | |
Other liabilities | | | 28,714 | | | | 29,986 | | | | 44,905 | |
Income received in advance | | | 902 | | | | 838 | | | | 563 | |
Tax losses | | | 215,589 | | | | 215,589 | | | | 202,240 | |
Intangibles | | | - | | | | - | | | | 87 | |
Tax liabilities | | | 1,879 | | | | 744 | | | | 80 | |
Excess of presumptive income tax | | | 38,297 | | | | 34,652 | | | | 38,170 | |
Others | | | 1,278 | | | | 2,125 | | | | 7,157 | |
Total | | | 3,058,059 | | | | 3,091,013 | | | | 3,618,084 | |
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | January 1, | |
Deferred tax liabilities in relation to: | | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
Trade and other payables | | | 22,144 | | | | 21,053 | | | | 39,258 | |
Financial obligations | | | 106,802 | | | | 139,585 | | | | 146,590 | |
Trade and other receivables | | | 50,958 | | | | 5,928 | | | | 5,943 | |
Natural and environmental resources (1) | | | 1,493,855 | | | | 1,358,247 | | | | 1,939,618 | |
Investments | | | 36,050 | | | | 27,626 | | | | 23,610 | |
Goodwill (2) | | | 518,411 | | | | 514,878 | | | | 322,124 | |
Inventories | | | 3,266 | | | | 11,322 | | | | 323,525 | |
Property, plant and equipment (1) | | | 1,294,275 | | | | 1,790,018 | | | | 1,131,025 | |
Other assets | | | 36,158 | | | | 37,257 | | | | 58,271 | |
Other | | | 226,030 | | | | 134,229 | | | | 46,524 | |
| | | 3,787,949 | | | | 4,040,143 | | | | 4,036,488 | |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
(1)For tax purposes, natural resources and PP&E have a specific useful life. According to IFRS the useful life is determined by a technical analysis. This difference will result in a difference in the depreciable basis for accounting and tax purposes.
(2)According to Colombian tax law, intangibles and goodwill are able to be amortized, for IFRS purposes, goodwill cannot be amortized, this difference results in a deferred tax liability.
Variations of deferred tax balances at March 31, 2014 and 2015 were recognized through profit or loss with the exception of the following that were recognized as set out below:
Concept | | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | Recognized through: |
Deferred (liability) asset – financial assets | | | (75,595 | ) | | | 14,973 | | | Other comprehensive income |
Deferred asset – Remeasurement of defined benefit obligation | | | 54,842 | | | | 32,015 | | | Other comprehensive income |
Accumulated taxable losses will be deductible in future years, depending on the country regulations. As of December 31, 2014, companies of the Group had accumulated taxable losses and excess of presumptive income as follows:
Expiration date | | Tax losses December 2014 | | | Deferred taxes December 2014 | | | Excess of presumptive income December 2014 | | | Deferred taxes December 2014 | |
2014 | | | 203 | | | | 30 | | | | 77,982 | | | | 11,697 | |
2015 | | | - | | | | — | | | | 59,092 | | | | 8,864 | |
2016 | | | - | | | | - | | | | 36,460 | | | | 5,469 | |
2017 | | | - | | | | - | | | | 33,953 | | | | 5,292 | |
2018 | | | - | | | | - | | | | 16,169 | | | | 2,550 | |
2019 | | | - | | | | - | | | | 1,019 | | | | 252 | |
2020 | | | - | | | | - | | | | 2,143 | | | | 528 | |
Without expiration date | | | 1,389,528 | | | | 215,558 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Total | | | 1,389,731 | | | | 215,588 | | | | 226,818 | | | | 34,652 | |
Most of the tax losses carry forward (without expiration date) related to a subsidiary's operation (Reficar). According to tax legislation, Reficar's operational activity is taxable under a special tax rate of 16%.
Transfer pricing
Income taxpayers who had entered into transactions with related parties abroad, and/or with residents of countries considered to be tax havens, are under the obligation of determining, for income tax purposes, their ordinary and extraordinary income, costs and deductions, and assets and liabilities, taking into account the denominated market prices and profit margins for these transactions (Arm’s length principles). Based on the opinion of the Company’s advisor, no significant changes are expected for taxable year 2014 related to the compliance with the principle of full jurisdiction set out in Article 260-2 of the Colombian Tax Code, and there are no foreseen adjustments to the determination of income tax expenses for the said year.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
To date, the Company, with its Transfer Pricing external consultants, is in process of preparing the informative Transfer Pricing statement of year 2014 and its corresponding corroboratory documentation; however, based on preliminary results, no adjustments to the income tax provision derived from the 2014 price analysis, affecting the results of the period, are required.
| 10. | Non-current assets held for sale |
The balance of Non-current assets held for sale is comprised as follows:
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | January 1, | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
Equity instruments (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Empresa de Energía de Bogotá (1) | | | 1,025,534 | | | | 1,072,867 | | | | 968,735 | |
Interconexión Eléctrica S.A | | | 437,816 | | | | 508,527 | | | | 536,222 | |
Other minor assets | | | 1,438 | | | | 1,434 | | | | 1,438 | |
Total | | | 1,464,788 | | | | 1,582,828 | | | | 1,506,395 | |
| (1) | In April 13, 2015 as part of Law 226 of 1995, the National Government issued approval to start the divestiture process of the Shares that Ecopetrol S.A. owns in Interconexión Eléctrica S.A. E.S.P., taking in the recommendation of Ecopetrol’s Board of Directors. Ecopetrol S.A.’s stock ownership in Interconexión Eléctrica S.A. ESP amounts to a total of 58,925,480 shares (equivalent to a 5.32% of the total outstanding shares). |
We have obtained all governmental authorizations in order to start the divestiture process (Decree 2305 of November 13, 2014) of the shares that Ecopetrol S.A. owns in Empresa de Energía de Bogotá S.A. ESP. Stock ownership is for a total of 631,098,00 stocks (equivalent to a total of 6.87% of the total outstanding shares).
Resources obtained from the sale will be used to fund the Company’s investment plan.
These equity instruments are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. Its hierarchy level is 1, using as reference quoted prices of shares on the Bolsa de Valores de Colombia.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
The balance of other assets is comprised as follows:
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | January 1 | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
Current | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Partners in joint operations (See note 30) | | | 732,015 | | | | 763,444 | | | | 158,826 | |
Advanced payments to contractors and suppliers | | | 446,226 | | | | 328,677 | | | | 332,001 | |
Prepaid expenses | | | 172,754 | | | | 259,575 | | | | 181,260 | |
Related parties (see note 30) | | | 52,141 | | | | 9,338 | | | | 15,558 | |
Other advances and agreements | | | 58,875 | | | | 31,493 | | | | 20,057 | |
Total current | | | 1,462,011 | | | | 1,392,527 | | | | 707,702 | |
Non-current | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Trust funds (1) | | | 489,818 | | | | 483,480 | | | | 460,545 | |
Prepaid expenses | | | 230,905 | | | | 226,402 | | | | 401,235 | |
Facility abandonment funds | | | 23,779 | | | | 22,756 | | | | 19,403 | |
Advances and deposits | | | 17,596 | | | | 16,626 | | | | 11,660 | |
Other assets | | | 335,428 | | | | 344,813 | | | | 294,727 | |
Total non-current | | | 1,097,526 | | | | 1,094,077 | | | | 1,187,570 | |
Total | | | 2,559,537 | | | | 2,486,604 | | | | 1,895,272 | |
| 1) | Includes mainly pension funds administered by the Fiduciaria Bancolombia Trust, received upon termination of the Asociación Cravo Norte contract with Occidental de Colombia and deposits to the Oil Savings and Stabilization Fund (from the SpanishFondo de Ahorro y Estabilización Petrolera - FAEP) in Ecopetrol’s favor to address the remainder of the National Royalties Fund. Its sole purpose is the payment of debts and financing development programs and projects in hydrocarbon producing and non-producing municipalities and departments. |
12. Investments in associates and joint ventures
The balance of Investments in associates and joint ventures is comprised as follows:
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | January 1, | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
Investments in joint ventures | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equion Energía Limited | | | 1,455,365 | | | | 1,392,896 | | | | 1,634,603 | |
Investments in associates | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Offshore International Group | | | 1,030,809 | | | | 1,017,435 | | | | 879,621 | |
Invercolsa S.A. | | | 36,442 | | | | 58,672 | | | | 109,664 | |
Ecodiesel Colombia S.A. | | | 25,648 | | | | 29,892 | | | | 25,342 | |
Serviport S.A. | | | 8,445 | | | | 8,445 | | | | 8,445 | |
Sociedad Portuaria Olefinas | | | 649 | | | | 649 | | | | 649 | |
| | | 2,557,358 | | | | 2,507,989 | | | | 2.658.324 | |
Minus – impairment of investments | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Offshore International Group | | | 114,735 | | | | 114,735 | | | | - | |
Serviport S.A. | | | 1,126 | | | | 1,126 | | | | 1,126 | |
| | | 115,861 | | | | 115,861 | | | | 1.126 | |
Total | | | 2,441,497 | | | | 2,392,128 | | | | 2,657,198 | |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
The details of the investments in associates and jointly controlled entities´s ownership, economic activity, domicile, country of operations and financial information is shown in Exhibit I.
The following shows a breakdown of the changes in the investments in associates:
| | March 31 | | | December 31 | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
Opening balance | | | 2,392,128 | | | | 2,657,198 | |
Effects of equity method through profit or loss | | | 744 | | | | 167.999 | |
Effects of equity method through equity | | | 86,063 | | | | 348.696 | |
Dividends declared | | | (37,438 | ) | | | (667.030 | ) |
Impairment | | | - | | | | (114.735 | ) |
Closing balance | | | 2,441,497 | | | | 2,392,128 | |
Restrictions over investments in associates
As of May 15, 2015, regarding the legal proceedings of Invercolsa S.A.: The cessation extraordinary appeal put forth by AFIB S.A. and Fernando Londoño Hoyos against the order of the Superior Court of the Judicial District of Bogota – Civil Chamber, on January 11, 2011 and confirming the first order issued by the 28th Civil Circuit Court on February 8, 2007 have been submitted to the civil chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice.
It is made clear that the judgment by the Superior Court of Bogotá at January 11, 2011: i) Declared the absolute nullity of the purchase of the 145 million shares of Invercolsa by Fernando Londoño Hoyos. ii) Declared that Ecopetrol and others were the owners and holders of the 145 million shares. iii) Ordered the recording in the shareholders’ book the cancellation of such purchase, including the pledge in favor of Pacífico Colombia y Panamá banks, as well as the payment in kind of the shares of Arrendadora Financiera Internacional Bolivariana S.A. iv) Ordered Fernando Londoño Hoyos and AFIB to return to Ecopetrol the dividends received from Invercolsa, along with the new shares received as profit and/or reappraisal. v) Declared that Fernando Londoño Hoyos had not acquired or was the holder in good faith of the 145 million shares of Invercolsa; therefore, he does not have any right of recourse against the plaintiffs for the amount he had paid for those shares. v) Ordered Invercolsa to adjust its operation and the Shareholders’ Meeting to the declarations made in the sentence. vii) Acquitted the defendants INVERCOLSA, Corredor and Alban. viii) Ordered Fernando Londoño to pay the court costs and Ecopetrol in respect of the acquitted defendants.
The balance of assets, liabilities and results of material associates and joint ventures is comprised as follows:
| | Equion Energía Limited | | | March 31, 2015 Offshore International Group * | | | Equion Energía Limited | | | December 31, 2014 Offshore International Group | | | Equion Energía Limited | | | January 1, 2014 Offshore International Group | |
Statement of financial position | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current assets | | | 1,184,109 | | | | 319,711 | | | | 1,052,893 | | | | 350,969 | | | | 1,900,976 | | | | 386,259 | |
Non-current assets | | | 2,006,682 | | | | 1,928,948 | | | | 1,984,484 | | | | 1,893,465 | | | | 1,512,282 | | | | 1,663,223 | |
Total assets | | | 3,190,791 | | | | 2,248,659 | | | | 3,037,377 | | | | 2,244,434 | | | | 3,413,259 | | | | 2,049,482 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current liabilities | | | 802,091 | | | | 484,482 | | | | 815,463 | | | | 511,918 | | | | 793,321 | | | | 562,447 | |
Non-current liabilities | | | 252,939 | | | | 385,456 | | | | 217,461 | | | | 380,543 | | | | 151,488 | | | | 410,689 | |
Total liabilities | | | 1,055,030 | | | | 869,938 | | | | 1,032,924 | | | | 892,461 | | | | 944,809 | | | | 973,136 | |
Equity | | | 2,135,761 | | | | 1,378,721 | | | | 2,004,453 | | | | 1,351,973 | | | | 2,468,450 | | | | 1,076,346 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other complementary information | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 534,337 | | | | 46,869 | | | | 470,710 | | | | 63,858 | | | | 155,479 | | | | 47,112 | |
Financial obligations, short-term | | | 682,575 | | | | 329,603 | | | | 690,741 | | | | 334,944 | | | | 737,610 | | | | 307,329 | |
Financial obligations, long-term | | | 548 | | | | 34,878 | | | | 447 | | | | 35,046 | | | | 3,817 | | | | 115,999 | |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
Statement of profit or loss | | Equion Energía Limited | | | Three month period ended March 31, 2015 Offshore International Group | | | Equion Energía Limited | | | Three month period ended March 312014 Offshore International Group | |
Revenue | | | 241,853 | | | | 64,987 | | | | 333,653 | | | | 118,629 | |
Costs | | | (187,525 | ) | | | (75,770 | ) | | | (130,633 | ) | | | (64,511 | ) |
Administration and other expenses | | | (36,643 | ) | | | (23,022 | ) | | | (13,440 | ) | | | (15,188 | ) |
Financial income (expenses) | | | 19,121 | | | | (838 | ) | | | 38,470 | | | | (992 | ) |
Income tax | | | (16,324 | ) | | | 2,308 | | | | (73,974 | ) | | | (16,785 | ) |
Net income for the period | | | 20,482 | | | | (32,335 | ) | | | 154,075 | | | | 21,153 | |
The following shows a reconciliation of equity among the most significant participations and the book value of investments:
| | March 31, 2015 | | | December 31, 2014 | | | January 1, 2014 | |
| | Equion Energía Limited | | | Offshore International Group * | | | Equion Energía Limited | | | Offshore International Group | | | Equion Energía Limited | | | Offshore International Group | |
Equity of the associate | | | 2,135,761 | | | | 1,378,721 | | | | 2,004,453 | | | | 1,351,973 | | | | 2,468,450 | | | | 1,076,346 | |
Adjustment unrealized loss | | | (18,758 | ) | | | | | | | (9,938 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Adjusted equity | | | 2,117,003 | | | | 1,378,721 | | | | 1,994,515 | | | | 1,351,973 | | | | 2,468,450 | | | | 1,076,346 | |
% of Ecopetrol’s ownership | | | 51 | % | | | 50 | % | | | 51 | % | | | 50 | % | | | 51 | % | | | 50 | % |
Ecopetrol’s ownership | | | 1,079,672 | | | | 689,361 | | | | 1,017,203 | | | | 675,987 | | | | 1,258,910 | | | | 538,173 | |
Goodwill | | | 375,693 | | | | 341,448 | | | | 375,693 | | | | 341,448 | | | | 375,693 | | | | 341,448 | |
Carrying amount of the investment | | | 1,455,365 | | | | 1,030,809 | | | | 1,392,896 | | | | 1,017,435 | | | | 1,634,603 | | | | 879,621 | |
* Information for Offshore International Group at February, 2015
13. Property, plant and equipment
The following shows a breakdown of the changes in property, plant and equipment and its depreciation and impairment for the first quarter of 2015 and year ended December 31, 2014
| | Property Plant and equipment | | | Pipelines, networks and lines | | | Work in progress (1) | | | Buildings | | | Lands (2) | | | Other | | | Total | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2014 | | | 15,964,763 | | | | 19,385,762 | | | | 23,993,566 | | | | 5,185,398 | | | | 4,211,299 | | | | 3,208,517 | | | | 71,949,305 | |
Additions | | | 225,372 | | | | 319,450 | | | | 1,374,583 | | | | 131,532 | | | | 20,224 | | | | 17,985 | | | | 2,089,146 | |
Interest capitalized | | | - | | | | - | | | | 198,714 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 198,714 | |
Effect of exchange rate differences | | | - | | | | - | | | | 32,257 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 32,257 | |
Disposals | | | (6,663 | ) | | | (7,663 | ) | | | - | | | | (82 | ) | | | - | | | | (6,196 | ) | | | (20,604 | ) |
Foreign currency translation | | | 147,549 | | | | 272,555 | | | | 374,645 | | | | 26,658 | | | | 83,354 | | | | 19,527 | | | | 924,288 | |
Reclassifications | | | 235,191 | | | | (66 | ) | | | 633,851 | | | | 62 | | | | - | | | | 28,538 | | | | 897,576 | |
Balance at March 31, 2015 | | | 16,566,212 | | | | 19,970,038 | | | | 26,607,616 | | | | 5,343,568 | | | | 4,314,877 | | | | 3,268,371 | | | | 76,070,682 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accumulated depreciation and Impairment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2014 | | | (7,268,758 | ) | | | (5,597,583 | ) | | | - | | | | (1,127,434 | ) | | | - | | | | (416,892 | ) | | | (14,410,667 | ) |
Depreciation expense | | | (251,031 | ) | | | (301,406 | ) | | | - | | | | (82,861 | ) | | | - | | | | (37,756 | ) | | | (673,054 | ) |
Impairment losses recognized in profit or loss | | | (233 | ) | | | (12 | ) | | | - | | | | (1 | ) | | | - | | | | (5,713 | ) | | | (5,959 | ) |
Eliminated on disposals of assets | | | 5,124 | | | | 7,397 | | | | - | | | | 21 | | | | - | | | | 3,509 | | | | 16,051 | |
Foreign currency translation | | | (103,692 | ) | | | (125,476 | ) | | | - | | | | (8,429 | ) | | | - | | | | (5,443 | ) | | | (243,040 | ) |
Reclassifications | | | (131 | ) | | | 13 | | | | - | | | | (11 | ) | | | - | | | | 12 | | | | (117 | ) |
Balance at March 31, 2015 | | | (7,618,721 | ) | | | (6,017,067 | ) | | | - | | | | (1,218,715 | ) | | | - | | | | (462,283 | ) | | | (15,316,786 | ) |
Net Balance at March 31, 2015 | | | 8,947,491 | | | | 13,952,971 | | | | 26,607,616 | | | | 4,124,853 | | | | 4,314,877 | | | | 2,806,088 | | | | 60,753,896 | |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
| | Property Plant and equipment | | | Pipelines, networks and lines | | | Work in progress (1) | | | Buildings | | | Lands (2) | | | Other | | | Total | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at January 1, 2014 | | | 14,326,459 | | | | 15,951,313 | | | | 17,827,867 | | | | 3,862,087 | | | | 4,037,110 | | | | 2,941,639 | | | | 58,946,475 | |
Additions | | | 1,305,892 | | | | 2,776,702 | | | | 4,068,869 | | | | 929,553 | | | | 117,151 | | | | 593,038 | | | | 9,791,205 | |
Interest capitalized | | | - | | | | - | | | | 198,924 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 198,924 | |
Effect of exchange rate differences | | | - | | | | - | | | | 36,357 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 36,357 | |
Disposals | | | (217,125 | ) | | | (29,725 | ) | | | (15,202 | ) | | | (18,425 | ) | | | (6,948 | ) | | | (265,746 | ) | | | (553,171 | ) |
Foreign currency translation | | | 578,526 | | | | 220,846 | | | | 652,576 | | | | 83,106 | | | | 214,884 | | | | 54,685 | | | | 1,804,623 | |
Reclassifications | | | (28,989 | ) | | | 466,626 | | | | 1,224,175 | | | | 329,077 | | | | (150,898 | ) | | | (115,099 | ) | | | 1,724,892 | |
Balance at December 31, 2014 | | | 15,964,763 | | | | 19,385,762 | | | | 23,993,566 | | | | 5,185,398 | | | | 4,211,299 | | | | 3,208,517 | | | | 71,949,305 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accumulated depreciation and Impairment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at January 1, 2014 | | | (6,216,426 | ) | | | (4,217,533 | ) | | | - | | | | (840,590 | ) | | | - | | | | (326,869 | ) | | | (11,601,418 | ) |
Depreciation expense | | | (905,443 | ) | | | (1,088,778 | ) | | | - | | | | (313,547 | ) | | | - | | | | (158,352 | ) | | | (2,466,120 | ) |
Impairment losses recognized in profit or loss | | | (44,206 | ) | | | (42,793 | ) | | | - | | | | 34,849 | | | | - | | | | (21,278 | ) | | | (73,428 | ) |
Eliminated on disposals of assets | | | 157,615 | | | | 18,665 | | | | - | | | | 2,755 | | | | - | | | | 73,613 | | | | 252,648 | |
Foreign currency translation | | | (263,802 | ) | | | (322,247 | ) | | | - | | | | (21,972 | ) | | | - | | | | (13,299 | ) | | | (621,320 | ) |
Reclassifications | | | 3,504 | | | | 55,103 | | | | - | | | | 11,071 | | | | - | | | | 29,293 | | | | 98,971 | |
Balance at December 31, 2014 | | | (7,268,758 | ) | | | (5,597,583 | ) | | | - | | | | (1,127,434 | ) | | | - | | | | (416,892 | ) | | | (14,410,667 | ) |
Net Balance at December 31, 2014 | | | 8,696,005 | | | | 13,788,179 | | | | - | | | | 4,057,964 | | | | - | | | | 2,791,625 | | | | 57,538,638 | |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to consolidated financial statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
| (1) | Mainly includes investments made for the modernization of the Cartagena Refinery in the amount of $18,653,730 (2014 - $16,598,809 and January 1, 2014 - $11,408,900). |
| (2) | The balance of land includes $930,045 (December 31, 2014 and January 1, 2014 -$939,045) for investment properties corresponding to land and lots kept for leasing. For the initial measurement of these assets, their fair value was used as deemed cost and its subsequent measurement is made by the cost method. Income generated relating to leases during the first quarter of 2015 amounted to $409 (first quarter of 2014 -$383). |
| | During the evaluated period there were no changes caused by additions, disposals and/or impairment of these lands. |
14. Natural and environmental resources
The following shows a breakdown of the changes in Natural and environmental resources and its depletion and impairment for the first quarter of 2015 and year ended December 31, 2014:
| | Oil investments | | | Abandonment costs | | | Exploration and Evaluation | | | Total | |
Cost | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2014 | | | 37,459,879 | | | | 1,965,202 | | | | 6,114,020 | | | | 45,539,101 | |
Additions (1) | | | 657,192 | | | | - | | | | 275,779 | | | | 932,971 | |
Capitalization of projects | | | - | | | | - | | | | (13,393 | ) | | | (13,393 | ) |
Dry wells | | | - | | | | - | | | | (42,447 | ) | | | (42,447 | ) |
Interest capitalized | | | - | | | | - | | | | 31,208 | | | | 31 ,208 | |
Effect of exchange rate differences capitalized | | | - | | | | - | | | | 46,804 | | | | 46,804 | |
Foreign currency translation | | | 339,898 | | | | 12,379 | | | | 71,017 | | | | 423,294 | |
Reclassifications | | | (284,517 | ) | | | | | | | (10,678 | ) | | | (295,195 | ) |
Balance at March 31, 2015 | | | 38,172,452 | | | | 1,977,581 | | | | 6,472,310 | | | | 46,622,343 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accumulated depletion and Impairment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2014 | | | (19,517,736 | ) | | | (805,444 | ) | | | - | | | | (20,323,180 | ) |
Depletion expense | | | (796,457 | ) | | | (71,078 | ) | | | - | | | | (867,535 | ) |
Foreign currency translation | | | (130,846 | ) | | | (4,677 | ) | | | - | | | | (135,523 | ) |
Reclassifications | | | 322,474 | | | | (26,344 | ) | | | - | | | | 296,130 | |
Balance at March 31, 2015 | | | (20,122,565 | ) | | | (907,543 | ) | | | - | | | | (21,030,108 | ) |
Net Balance at March 31, 2015 | | | 18,049,887 | | | | 1,070,038 | | | | 6,472,310 | | | | 25,592,235 | |
| (1) | During 2015 first quarter, additions are represented mainly to the drilling plan in the following fields: Rubiales, Quifa, Castilla y La Cira Infantas, and the extension of the Acacías and Castilla 3 station. |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
| | Oil investments | | | Abandonment costs | | | Exploration and Evaluation | | | Total | |
Cost | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at January 1, 2014 | | | 31,277,931 | | | | 1,227,664 | | | | 5,575,489 | | | | 38,081,084 | |
Additions (1) | | | 4,741,394 | | | | 63,508 | | | | 1,973,174 | | | | 6,778,076 | |
Additions in abandonment costs | | | | | | | 645,679 | | | | | | | | 645,679 | |
Capitalization of projects | | | - | | | | - | | | | (120,505 | ) | | | (120,505 | ) |
Dry wells (2) | | | - | | | | - | | | | (1,563,384 | ) | | | (1,563,384 | ) |
Interests capitalized | | | | | | | | | | | 92,633 | | | | 92,633 | |
Effect of exchange rate differences capitalized | | | | | | | | | | | 16,931 | | | | 16,931 | |
Disposals | | | (11 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | (11 | ) |
Foreign currency translation | | | 878,789 | | | | 28,351 | | | | 165,594 | | | | 1,072,734 | |
Reclassifications | | | 561,776 | | | | - | | | | (25,912 | ) | | | 535,864 | |
Balance at December 31, 2014 | | | 37,459,879 | | | | 1,965,202 | | | | 6,114,020 | | | | 45,539,101 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accumulated depletion and Impairment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at January 1, 2014 | | | (15,471,266 | ) | | | (648,052 | ) | | | - | | | | (16,119,318 | ) |
Depletion expense | | | (2,972,799 | ) | | | (135,082 | ) | | | - | | | | (3,107,881 | ) |
Impairment losses (3) | | | (478,180 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | (478,180 | ) |
Eliminated on disposals of assets | | | 11 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 11 | |
Foreign currency translation | | | (323,148 | ) | | | (14,506 | ) | | | | | | | (337,654 | ) |
Reclassifications | | | (272,354 | ) | | | (7,804 | ) | | | - | | | | (280,158 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2014 | | | (19,517,736 | ) | | | (805,444 | ) | | | - | | | | (20,323,180 | ) |
Net Balance at December 31, 2014 | | | 17,942,143 | | | | 1,159,758 | | | | 6,114,020 | | | | 25,215,921 | |
| (1) | Additions are represented mainly in the following fields: Castilla, Casabe, Chichimene, Rubiales, Pauto, Caño Sur Este, Quifa, Cusiana, Nare y Akacías CPO-9. |
| (2) | Includes mainly dry wells in Ecopetrol S.A. of $527,670, Ecopetrol America Inc. by $462.060, Ecopetrol Brazil by $116,608, Ecopetrol Germany by $285,548 and Hocol S.A. by $171,467. |
| (3) | During 2014 an impairment was recognized for $474,552 related to oil and gas activities, resulting from the evaluation based on the estimated fair value of future cash flows of principal oil investments. |
The depletion method used is the units-of-production method.
15. Intangibles
The following shows a breakdown of the changes in Intangibles and its amortization for the first quarter of 2015 and year ended December 31, 2014:
| | Licenses and software | | | Other intangibles | | | Total | |
Cost | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2014 | | | 445,813 | | | | 147,189 | | | | 593,002 | |
Additions | | | 5,495 | | | | 1,475 | | | | 6,970 | |
Disposals | | | (539 | ) | | | - | | | | (539 | ) |
Effect of exchange rate differences | | | 2,213 | | | | | | | | 2,213 | |
Reclassifications | | | 14,315 | | | | | | | | 14,315 | |
Balance at March 31, 2015 | | | 467,297 | | | | 148,664 | | | | 615,961 | |
Accumulated amortization | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2014 | �� | | (322,462 | ) | | | (45,213 | ) | | | (367,675 | ) |
Depletion expense | | | (28.653 | ) | | | (2,449 | ) | | | (31,102 | ) |
Disposals | | | - | | | | | | | | - | |
Effect of exchange rate differences | | | (1,260 | ) | | | | | | | (1,260 | ) |
Balance at March 31, 2015 | | | (352,375 | ) | | | (47,662 | ) | | | (400,037 | ) |
Net Balance at March 31, 2015 | | | 114,922 | | | | 101,002 | | | | 215,924 | |
Useful lives | | | <5 years | | | | <5 years | | | | | |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
| | Licenses and software | | | Other | | | Total | |
Cost | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at January 1, 2014 | | | 411,859 | | | | 137,002 | | | | 548,861 | |
Additions | | | 26,406 | | | | 12,221 | | | | 38,627 | |
Disposals | | | (539 | ) | | | - | | | | (539 | ) |
Effect of exchange rate differences | | | 5,204 | | | | - | | | | 5,204 | |
Reclassifications | | | 2,883 | | | | (2,034 | ) | | | 849 | |
Balance at December 31, 2014 | | | 445,813 | | | | 147,189 | | | | 593,002 | |
Accumulated amortization | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at January 1, 2014 | | | (262,583 | ) | | | (35,821 | ) | | | (298,404 | ) |
Depletion expense | | | (58,884 | ) | | | (9,392 | ) | | | (68,276 | ) |
Disposals | | | 539 | | | | - | | | | 539 | |
Reclassifications | | | 1,156 | | | | - | | | | 1,156 | |
Foreign currency translation | | | (2,690 | ) | | | - | | | | (2,690 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2014 | | | (322,462 | ) | | | (45,213 | ) | | | (367,675 | ) |
Net Balance at December 31, 2014 | | | 123,351 | | | | 101,976 | | | | 225,327 | |
Useful life | | | <5 years | | | | <5 years | | | | | |
16. Goodwill
The balance of Goodwill through business combinations is comprised as follows:
| | March 31 | | | December 31 | | | January 1st | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Transport | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CENIT Transporte y Logística de Hidrocarburos S.A.S.(1) | | | 683,496 | | | | 683,496 | | | | 683,496 | |
Exploration and production | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Hocol Petroleum Limited | | | 537,598 | | | | 537,598 | | | | 537,598 | |
Refining and petrochemicals | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Andean Chemical Limited | | | 127,812 | | | | 127,812 | | | | 127,812 | |
Propilco S,A, | | | 108,137 | | | | 108,137 | | | | 108,137 | |
| | | 1,457,043 | | | | 1,457,043 | | | | 1,457,043 | |
Minus – Impairment losses | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Hocol Petroleum Limited (2) | | | (49,830 | ) | | | (49,830 | ) | | | (49,830 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 1,407,213 | | | | 1,407,213 | | | | 1,407,213 | |
| (1) | CENIT’s Goodwill arose from the acquisition of Ocensa in 2009. |
| (2) | As of December 31, 2014 and January 1, 2014, the Business Group evaluated the recoverability of the carrying amount of goodwill by comparing it to the fair value of the CGU. The process implied projections of future cash flows after taxes, market variables and discount rates after taxes and risks associated with the segment of the evaluated company. |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Ecopetrol S.A. recognized an impairment loss as of January 1, 2014 of $49,830, related to the CGU of Hocol Premium Limited.
17. Loans and borrowings
| 17.1 | Composition of loans and borrowings |
| | Weighted average effective interest rate at March 31, 2015 | | | March 31 2015 | | | December 31 2014 | | | January 1st 2014 | |
Local-currency | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Bonds | | | 8.97 | % | | | 1,931,255 | | | | 1,931,140 | | | | 1,927,467 | |
Syndicated loans | | | 7.94 | % | | | 4,437,248 | | | | 4,446,529 | | | | 4,597,181 | |
Other | | | 8.24 | % | | | 778,202 | | | | 726,414 | | | | 454,954 | |
Total local-currency | | | | | | | 7,146,705 | | | | 7,104,083 | | | | 6,979,602 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Foreign-currency | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Bonds | | | 6.12 | % | | | 19,840,731 | | | | 18,527,409 | | | | 7,821,818 | |
Commercial loan – Modernization plan at the Cartagena Refinery | | | 2.00 | % | | | 8,146,325 | | | | 7,480,719 | | | | 5,831,549 | |
Other commercial loans (1) | | | 4.07 | % | | | 6,076,557 | | | | 1,125,480 | | | | 835,935 | |
Other (2) | | | 1.22 | % | | | 1,515,599 | | | | 709,650 | | | | 772,509 | |
Total foreign-currency | | | | | | | 35,579,212 | | | | 27,843,258 | | | | 15,261,811 | |
Total financial obligations | | | | | | | 42,725,917 | | | | 34,947,341 | | | | 22,241,413 | |
Minus – short-term | | | | | | | 4,611,531 | | | | 3,456,441 | | | | 3,121,335 | |
Total long-term | | | | | | | 38,114,386 | | | | 31,490,900 | | | | 19,120,078 | |
| (1) | In February 2015, Ecopetrol S.A. entered into a commercial loan of US$1,925 million. The following international banks participated in the facility: JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A; BNP Paribas; Mizuho Bank Ltd; Bank of America, N.A.; HSBC Bank USA, National Association; Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria S.A., Grand Cayman Branch; Banco Santander S.A.; Citibank, N.A. The loan has a February 2020 maturity date and beans interest at a rate per annum of Libor + 140 basis points. |
In May and September 2014, Ecopetrol S.A. issued bonds for an amount of US$2,000 and US$1,200 million, respectively. The first issuance has a May 2045 maturity date and a 5.875% coupon rate. The second issuance has a January 2015 maturity date and a 4.125% coupon rate.
| | In May, 2014, Oleoducto Central S.A. issued international bonds (RegS/144A) for the amount of US$500 million with a 4% coupon rate, maturing in May 2021. |
| (2) | Includes remittances financed in U.S. dollars with the national bank for the payment of imports that amounted to US$459 million (2014-US$196), with a financing rate of Libor and a spread between 0.5 and 0.8%. |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following table details the main characteristics of the Group’s most significant loans:
Type | | Company | | Disbursement date | | Original amount (millions) | | Maturity | | Interest rate | | Principal payment |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Dec/2010 | | COP $ | 97,100 | | Dec/2015 | | Floating | | Bullet * |
| | | | Dec/2010 | | COP $ | 138,700 | | Dec/2017 | | Floating | | Bullet |
| | | | Dec/2010 | | COP $ | 479,900 | | Dec/2020 | | Floating | | Bullet |
Bonds in local-currency | | Ecopetrol S.A. | | Dec/2010 | | COP $ | 284,300 | | Dec/2040 | | Floating | | Bullet |
| | | | Aug/2013 | | COP $ | 120,950 | | Aug./2018 | | Floating | | Bullet |
| | | | Aug/2013 | | COP $ | 168,600 | | Aug./2023 | | Floating | | Bullet |
| | | | Aug/2013 | | COP $ | 347,500 | | Aug./2028 | | Floating | | Bullet |
| | | | Aug/2013 | | COP $ | 262,950 | | Aug./2043 | | Floating | | Bullet |
| | Ecopetrol S.A. | | May/2013 | | COP $ | 1,839,000 | | May/2025 | | Floating | | Semi-annually |
Syndicated loan in local-currency | | ODL Finance S.A. | | Aug/2013 | | COP $ | 647,029 | | Aug./2020 | | Floating | | Quarterly |
| | Oleoducto Bicentenario | | July/2012 | | COP $ | 2,100,000 | | July/2024 | | Floating | | Quarterly |
| | | | July/2009 | | USD $ | 1,500 | | July/2019 | | Fixed | | Bullet |
| | | | Sep/2013 | | USD $ | 350 | | Sep/2018 | | Fixed | | Bullet |
Bonds in foreign-currency | | Ecopetrol S.A. | | Sep/2013 | | USD $ | 1,300 | | Sep/2023 | | Fixed | | Bullet |
| | | | Sep/2013 | | USD $ | 850 | | Sep/2043 | | Fixed | | Bullet |
| | | | May/2014 | | USD $ | 2,000 | | May/2045 | | Fixed | | Bullet |
| | | | Sep/2014 | | USD $ | 1,200 | | May/2025 | | Fixed | | Bullet |
| | Oleoducto Central S.A. | | May/2014 | | USD $ | 500 | | May/2021 | | Fixed | | Bullet |
| | | | Dec/2011 | | USD $ | 2,747 | | Dec/2027 | | Fixed | | Semi-annually |
International commercial loans | | Refinería de Cartagena S.A. | | Dec/2011 | | USD $ | 310 | | Dec/2027 | | Floating | | Semi-annually |
| | | | Dec/2011 | | USD $ | 440 | | Dec/2025 | | Floating | | Semi-annually |
| | Ecopetrol S.A. | | Feb/2015 | | USD $ | 1,925 | | Feb/2020 | | Floating | | Bullet |
| | | | Mar/2013 | | USD $ | 245 | | July/2023 | | Floating | | Semi-annually |
| | | | Mar/2013 | | USD $ | 151 | | July/2019 | | Floating | | Semi-annually |
*Bullet - Face value is paid in full on the maturity date.
| 17.2 | Maturity of financial obligations |
The following is the maturity of financial obligations as of March 31, 2015:
| | Up to 1 year | | | 1 – 5 years | | | 5-10 years | | | > 10 years | | | Total | |
Local-currency | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Bonds | | | 250,618 | | | | 669,066 | | | | 647,160 | | | | 364,411 | | | | 1,931,255 | |
Syndicated credit | | | 498,110 | | | | 2,337,586 | | | | 1,550,497 | | | | 51,055 | | | | 4,437,248 | |
Other | | | 177,801 | | | | 235,067 | | | | 131,137 | | | | 234,197 | | | | 778,202 | |
Total local-currency | | | 926,529 | | | | 3,241,719 | | | | 2,328,794 | | | | 649,663 | | | | 7,146,705 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Foreign-currency | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Bonds | | | 1,081,391 | | | | 7,368,932 | | | | 7,444,683 | | | | 3,945,725 | | | | 19,840,731 | |
Syndicated credit | | | 695,671 | | | | 3,822,003 | | | | 3,628,651 | | | | - | | | | 8,146,325 | |
Commercial loans | | | 561,282 | | | | 5,329,483 | | | | 185,792 | | | | - | | | | 6,076,557 | |
Other | | | 1,346,658 | | | | 108,966 | | | | 14 | | | | 59,961 | | | | 1,515,599 | |
Total foreign-currency | | | 3,685,002 | | | | 16,629,384 | | | | 11,259,140 | | | | 4,005,686 | | | | 35,579,212 | |
Total Financial obligations | | | 4,611,531 | | | | 19,871,103 | | | | 13,587,934 | | | | 4,655,349 | | | | 42,725,917 | |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Financing obtained by Ecopetrol S.A. through capital markets, which correspond to issuance of local and foreign bonds, syndicated credit and others financial obligations are not guaranteed.
Reficar entered into an international commercial loan for $ 3,497 million to finance the expansion project of the refinery in Cartagena in 2011. This operation imposes restrictions on the Reficar´s debt ratio, except for certain conditions expressly set out in contracts about working capital needs. Regarding financial covenats, Reficar is required to maintain a coverage ratio of minimum debt service of 1.50: 1 at certain times of the loan’s life.
Under the same transaction, Reficar entered into a commercial trust and Security and Depositary Agreement to receive the resources of the new refinery to meet specific purposes such as operating expenses, interest and others.
For the case of the financing obtained by Oleoducto Bicentenario SAS for the construction of the project and start up of the pipeline, the creation of a main fund was established to manage the funds for the payment of the syndicated loan. (See Note 5).
The following shows the loan’s fair value:
| | March 31, 2015 | | | December 31, 2014 | | | January 1, 2014 | |
Fair value of the loans: | | | 43,598,868 | | | | 33,564,765 | | | | 21,755,619 | |
Business Group’s financial obligations are recognised at its amortized cost, which corresponds to the present value of cash flows, discounted at the effective interest rate.
For the measurement at fair value, bonds and securities in local currency were valued using Infovalmer reference prices for the local market, while for the bonds in US dollars the source taken was Bloomberg. Regarding the remaining financial obligations for which there is no market benchmark a present value discounting technique was used. These rates incorporate market risk through certain benchmarks (Libor, DTF) and the credit risk (spread) of the Company.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
18. Trade and other payables
The balance of trade and other payables is comprised as follows:
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | January 1, | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
Current | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Dividends payable | | | 5,472,224 | | | | 3,704 | | | | 1,313,596 | |
Suppliers | | | 4,885,072 | | | | 6,187,110 | | | | 5,767,754 | |
Partner advances (See note 30) | | | 1,236,746 | | | | 1,113,908 | | | | 849,933 | |
Deposits received from third parties | | | 302.633 | | | | 312,787 | | | | 613,812 | |
Related parties (see note 29) | | | 92.909 | | | | 107,820 | | | | 127,093 | |
Income and VAT tax withholdings | | | 48,462 | | | | 58,214 | | | | 50,568 | |
Various creditors | | | 882,587 | | | | 1,022,478 | | | | 1,258,565 | |
Total current | | | 12,920,633 | | | | 8,806,021 | | | | 9,981,321 | |
Non-current | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Suppliers | | | 26,862 | | | | 30,432 | | | | 33,457 | |
Various creditors | | | 113,811 | | | | 95,999 | | | | 455,781 | |
Total non-current | | | 140,673 | | | | 126,431 | | | | 489,238 | |
Carrying amount of trade and other payables approximates its fair value due to their short term mature.
19. Labor and pension plan obligations
The balance of labor and pension plan obligations is comprised as follows:
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | January 1, | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
Post-employment benefits | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Health | | | 4,841,071 | | | | 4,787,784 | | | | 5,127,275 | |
Education | | | 550,565 | | | | 584,053 | | | | 512,800 | |
Pension | | | 102,925 | | | | 104,324 | | | | 730,865 | |
Pension bonds | | | (347,702 | ) | | | (252,994 | ) | | | 13,183 | |
Other | | | 45,280 | | | | 48,126 | | | | 34,537 | |
| | | 5,192,139 | | | | 5,271,293 | | | | 6,418,660 | |
Welfare benefits and salaries payable | | | 237,318 | | | | 308,804 | | | | 266,420 | |
Other post-employment benefits | | | 71,350 | | | | 73,986 | | | | 66,544 | |
Total | | | 5,500,807 | | | | 5,654,083 | | | | 6,751,624 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current | | | 1,308,514 | | | | 1,380,000 | | | | 1,337,616 | |
Non-current | | | 4,192,293 | | | | 4,274,083 | | | | 5,414,008 | |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following shows a breakdown of the changes in assets and liabilities of post-employment benefits:
| | Pension and pension bonds (1) | | | Other | | | Total | |
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | March 31, | | | December 31, | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
Liabilities opening balance | | | 11,559,018 | | | | 12,193,924 | | | | 5,419,963 | | | | 5,674,612 | | | | 16,978,981 | | | | 17,868,536 | |
Current service cost | | | - | | | | - | | | | 15,771 | | | | 64,020 | | | | 15,771 | | | | 64,020 | |
Past service cost | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (87,465 | ) | | | - | | | | (87,465 | ) |
Interest expense | | | 198,436 | | | | 821,783 | | | | 96,903 | | | | 386,675 | | | | 295,339 | | | | 1,208,458 | |
Actuarial gains (losses) | | | - | | | | (771,717 | ) | | | - | | | | (233,590 | ) | | | - | | | | (1,005,307 | ) |
Other | | | - | | | | - | | | | (3,945 | ) | | | 13,136 | | | | (3,945 | ) | | | 13,136 | |
Paid benefits | | | (153,506 | ) | | | (684,972 | ) | | | (91,776 | ) | | | (397,425 | ) | | | (245,282 | ) | | | (1,082,397 | ) |
Liabilities-closing balance | | | 11,603,948 | | | | 11,559,018 | | | | 5,436,916 | | | | 5,419,963 | | | | 17,040,864 | | | | 16,978,981 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Plan assets-opening balance | | | 11,707,688 | | | | 11,449,876 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 11,707,688 | | | | 11,449,876 | |
Return on plan assets | | | 209,704 | | | | 761,674 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 209,704 | | | | 761,674 | |
Benefits paid | | | (154,446 | ) | | | (685,082 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | (154,446 | ) | | | (685,082 | ) |
Actuarial gains (losses) | | | 85,779 | | | | 181,220 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 85,779 | | | | 181,220 | |
Plan assets-closing balance | | | 11,848,725 | | | | 11,707,688 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 11,848,725 | | | | 11,707,688 | |
Net post-employment benefits liability (asset) | | | (244,777 | ) | | | (148,670 | ) | | | 5,436,916 | | | | 5,419,963 | | | | 5,192,139 | | | | 5,271,293 | |
| (1) | There is no service cost for pension and pension bound plans because the beneficiaries were all retired from July 31, 2010. |
The following shows a breakdown of the changes in profit and loss and other comprehensive income for the quarters ended on March 31, 2015 and 2014:
| | March 31, | | | March 31, | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
Recognized in profit and loss | | | | | | | | |
Service cost | | | 15,771 | | | | | |
Interest cost | | | 295,339 | | | | 302,115 | |
Return on plan assets | | | (209,704 | ) | | | (192,076 | ) |
| | | 101,406 | | | | 110,039 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Recognized in other comprehensive income | | | | | | | | |
Pension | | | 80,101 | | | | 58,033 | |
Pension bonds | | | 5,678 | | | | 4,114 | |
| | | 85,779 | | | | 62,147 | |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Plan assets
The Company funded pension and pension bonds plans through five trust funds. The composition by type of investment is comprised as follows:
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | January 1, | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
Bonds issued by the Colombian Government | | | 4,500,764 | | | | 4,298,278 | | | | 4,311,575 | |
Bonds of private entities | | | 3,515,636 | | | | 3,591,046 | | | | 3,567,065 | |
Other bonds of public entities | | | 797,757 | | | | 825,970 | | | | 864,917 | |
Bonds of foreign entities | | | 270,546 | | | | 230,772 | | | | 196,404 | |
Other local-currency | | | 2,050,684 | | | | 2,070,405 | | | | 2,037,551 | |
Other foreign-currency | | | 480,865 | | | | 480,712 | | | | 389,416 | |
Variable yield | | | 232,473 | | | | 210,505 | | | | 82,948 | |
| | | 11,848,725 | | | | 11,707,688 | | | | 11,449,876 | |
The fair value hierarchy of plan assets is comprised as follows:
| | March 31 | | | December 31 | | | January 1st | |
Fair value | | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2015 | |
Level 1 | | | 5,193,103 | | | | 4,504,887 | | | | 4,815,213 | |
Level 2 | | | 6,655,622 | | | | 7,202,801 | | | | 6,634,663 | |
| | | 11,848,725 | | | | 11,707,688 | | | | 11,449,876 | |
The fair value of the plan assets is calculated using prices quoted in the relevant assets’ market. The Company obtains these prices through reliable financial data suppliers recognized in Colombia or abroad, depending on the investment.
For the securities issued in local currency, the fair value of the plan assets is calculated using information published by INFOVALMER, supplier of prices authorized by the Financial Superintendence of Colombia. According to its methodology, prices may be calculated based on market information at the valuation date or estimated based on historic inputs in accordance with the criteria established for the calculation of each of the prices.
The fair value is calculated based on the most representative market of the transactions carried out through the electronic platforms approved and supervised by the regulator.
The estimated fair value is calculated for the investments that do not have sufficient information to estimate an average market price, by replicating the prices quoted for similar assets or prices obtained through quotations from stock brokers. This estimated price is also given by INFOVALMER as a result of the application of robust methodologies approved by the financial regulator and widely used by the financial sector.
Actuarial assumptions
The following are the actuarial assumptions used in determining the present value of defined employee benefit obligations at January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2014. Actuarial assumptions used at closing date of 2014 were used for the projections based at March 31, 2015.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2014
| | Pension | | | Pension bonds | | | Health | | | Education | | | Other benefits | |
Discount rate | | | 7.50 | % | | | 7.00 | % | | | 7.50 | % | | | 6.75 | % | | | 7.50 | % |
Salary growth rate | | | 4.25 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 4.25 | % |
Expected inflation rate | | | 3.00 | % | | | 3.00 | % | | | 3.00 | % | | | 3.00 | % | | | 3.00 | % |
Cost tendency (1) | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 10.40 | % | | | 7.50 | % | | | N/A | |
January 1, 2014
| | Pension | | | Pension bonds | | | Health | | | Education | | | Other benefits | |
Discount rate | | | 7.00 | % | | | 6.25 | % | | | 7.00 | % | | | 6.50 | % | | | 6.75 | % |
Salary growth rate | | | 4.50 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 4.50 | % |
Expected inflation rate | | | 3.00 | % | | | 3.00 | % | | | 3.00 | % | | | 3.00 | % | | | 3.00 | % |
Cost tendency (1) | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 10.40 | % | | | 7.50 | % | | | N/A | |
| (1) | The cost tendency is the projected increase for the initial year and the rate blends into the expected inflation rate. |
The mortality table used for all calculations was RV-08 “Valid Annuitants” for men and women 2005-2008, of the Colombian Social Security Institute – ISS.
Duration of benefit obligation
According to the latest actuarial valuations, weighted average duration (in years) of the liability for defined benefits, for each plan is comprised as follows:
| | December 31 | | | January 1st | |
| | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
Pension | | | 11.3 | | | | 12.7 | |
Health | | | 13.3 | | | | 14.9 | |
Education | | | 5.7 | | | | 5.6 | |
Pension bonds | | | 10.7 | | | | 12.1 | |
Five-year term | | | 7.0 | | | | 7.5 | |
Severance | | | 7.0 | | | | 11.3 | |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Sensitivity analysis
Some relevant actuarial assumptions changes could occur at the presentation date of these financial statements. The sensitivity analysis below has been determined based on reasonably possible changes of the respective assumptions occurring at the end of the reporting period, while holding all other assumptions constant at December 31, 2014:
| | Pension | | | Pension bonds | | | Health | | | Education | | | Other benefits | |
Discount rate | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-50 basis points | | | 11,580,791 | | | | 651,975 | | | | 5,117,292 | | | | 703,682 | | | | 31,571 | |
+50 basis points | | | 10,362,677 | | | | 586,365 | | | | 4,492,644 | | | | 665,038 | | | | 29,468 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Inflation rate | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-50 basis points | | | 10,358,095 | | | | 618,808 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
+50 basis points | | | 11,581,821 | | | | 617,188 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Salary growth rate | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-50 basis points | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 29,435 | |
+50 basis points | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 31,597 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost tendency | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-50 basis points | | | - | | | | - | | | | 4,496,688 | | | | 666,565 | | | | - | |
+50 basis points | | | - | | | | - | | | | 5,110,409 | | | | 701,901 | | | | - | |
The Company performed a sensitivity analysis related to the interest rate variation on plan assets. See section 29 – Risk management for further information
| 20. | Estimated liabilities and provisions |
The following shows a breakdown of the changes in the different categories of estimated liabilities and provisions for the quarter ended on March 31, 2015 and year ended December 31, 2014:
| | Provision for abandonment (1) | | | Legal proceedings (2) | | | Provision comuneros (3) | | | Environmental contingencies and others (4) | | | Total | |
Balance at January 1, 2014 | | | 3,214,132 | | | | 537,440 | | | | 445,364 | | | | 479,357 | | | | 4,676,293 | |
Additions (recoveries) | | | 698,920 | | | | (210,144 | ) | | | 106,133 | | | | 228,681 | | | | 823,590 | |
Expenditures | | | (104,163 | ) | | | (27,238 | ) | | | - | | | | (49,270 | ) | | | (180,671 | ) |
Financial cost | | | 194,769 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 194,769 | |
Foreign currency translation | | | 37,118 | | | | (507 | ) | | | - | | | | 16,181 | | | | 52,792 | |
Balance at December 31, 2014 | | | 4,040,776 | | | | 299,551 | | | | 551,497 | | | | 674,949 | | | | 5,566,773 | |
Current | | | 189,721 | | | | 292,451 | | | | - | | | | 365,879 | | | | 848,051 | |
Non-current | | | 3,851,055 | | | | 7,100 | | | | 551,497 | | | | 309,070 | | | | 4,718,722 | |
| | | 4,040,776 | | | | 299,551 | | | | 551,497 | | | | 674,949 | | | | 5,566,773 | |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
| | Provision for abandonment (1) | | | Legal proceedings (2) | | | Provision comuneros (3) | | | Environmental contingencies and others (4) | | | Total | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Additions (recoveries) | | | 51,305 | | | | 4,298 | | | | 43,239 | | | | 26,419 | | | | 125,261 | |
Expenditures | | | (11,073 | ) | | | (2,979 | ) | | | - | | | | (5,691 | ) | | | (19,743 | ) |
Financial cost | | | 50,626 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 50,626 | |
Foreign currency translation | | | 15,116 | | | | 113 | | | | - | | | | 5,470 | | | | 20,699 | |
Balance at March 31, 2015 | | | 4,146,750 | | | | 300,983 | | | | 594,736 | | | | 701,147 | | | | 5,743,616 | |
Current | | | 211,109 | | | | 294,421 | | | | | | | | 395,997 | | | | 901,527 | |
Non-current | | | 3,935,641 | | | | 6,562 | | | | 594,736 | | | | 305,150 | | | | 4,842,089 | |
| | | 4,146,750 | | | | 300,983 | | | | 594,736 | | | | 701,147 | | | | 5,743,616 | |
| (1) | The increase of the provision for abandonment costs was generated mainly by drilling of wells for secondary recovery, exchange rate increase and decrease in the discount rate. |
| (2) | The following is a summary of the legal proceedings, for which allowances have been recognized in the consolidated financial statements due to a probable outflow of resources: |
| | | | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | January 1, | |
Type of action | | Suit | | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Class action suit | | Contributions to the solidarity and electric-power-generation income redistribution fund, pursuant to Law 142 of 1994. | | | 141,505 | | | | 141,505 | | | | 283,010 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class action suit | | By extension of the Garcero Association Contract, in defense of the public heritage and free economic competition. | | | 77,592 | | | | 77,592 | | | | 155,184 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeding for damages | | Compensation for damages for hydrocarbon easement in property near theRefinería de Cartagena | | | 11,019 | | | | 11,019 | | | | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Labor proceedings | | Labor proceeding of 2007 for the reassessment of salaries and social benefits to 232 Ecopetrol contractors. | | | 10,060 | | | | 10,060 | | | | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Labor proceedings | | Proceeding to reassess social, legal and extralegal benefit payments and monthly pension payments made under the saving stimulus heading. | | | 4,902 | | | | 4,731 | | | | 18,689 | |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
| (3) | Included the interim relief ordered by the Council of State in its decree 1994 in the invalidity action brought by the Ministry of Mines and Energy againstComuneros (community members) of Santiago de las Atalayas and Pueblo Viejo de Cusiana, corresponding to the attachment and seizure of the payments to be made by Ecopetrol for royalties, based on Royalty contracts declared null and void by the Council of State in its ruling of 1999, in which it was ordered that said interim relief should be cancelled and that the attached and seized amounts should be handed over to the State – the Ministry of Mines. Ecopetrol has capacity as receiver. Of said amount, $90,752 corresponds to the value initially recognized by Ecopetrol, as well as the valuation of the fund containing the resources; $503,984 corresponds to net interest income generated. In a ruling on December 12, 2012, notified by edict on January 21, 2013, the Council of State declared that the special plea for reconsideration filed by theComuneros was dismissed. In November 2014, a new application was filed whereby Ecopetrol reiterated its request that the amounts seized in these proceedings be handed over, as the Company has paid the Nation and the beneficiary territorial entities the amount of total royalties incurred during the enforcement of the interim relief, and subsequently, these resources belong to Ecopetrol. See Note 8. |
| (4) | Mainly includes a provision to cover the works of relocation of the intake of the Cucuta Aqueduct as a result of the rupture of the Caño Limon-Coveñas pipeline and environmental provisions for potential events that may impact the regions where the Company has presence. |
| 20.1 | Legal proceedings not recognized |
The following is a summary of the proceedings, for which allowances have not been recognized, according to evaluations by the Company’s internal and external advisors:
| | | | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | January 1, | |
Type of action | | Suit | | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Class action | | Contributions to electric-power-generation pursuant to Law 142 of 1994. | | | 219,944 | | | | 219,944 | | | | 219,944 | |
Labor proceedings | | Proceeding to reassess social, legal and extralegal benefit payments made under the saving stimulus heading. | | | 16,561 | | | | 16,561 | | | | 16,561 | |
Contractual administrative | | Breach of contract, the plaintiff declaring the rupture of the economic equilibrium thereof. | | | - | | | | 112,637 | | | | - | |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
| 20.2 | Detail of contingent assets |
Following is the detail of the major assets contingencies, which probability of occurrence is eventual:
| | | | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | January 1, | |
Type of action | | Claims | | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Nullity and reinstatement of the right | | Nullity of Resolution number 113 of 1971 from the Presidency of the Republic, in respect of the ownership of the subsoil to private parties known with the name of Santiago de Las Atalayas and Pueblo Viejo de Cusiana. | | | 175,000 | | | | 175,000 | | | | 175,000 | |
Indemnification for third party liability | | Arbitration court formed to settle the differences between Offshore LLC against Ecopetrol and KNOC. | | | 191,347 | | | | 176,885 | | | | - | |
Civil ordinary general | | Nonfulfillment of the contract for delivery of hydrotreating units. | | | 142,715 | | | | 142,715 | | | | 142,715 | |
Contractual administrative | | Nonfulfillment of the pipeline purchase order | | | 21,231 | | | | 21,231 | | | | 21,231 | |
Nullity and reinstatement of the right | | Nullity of the administrative act that established a special contribution for public works contracts | | | 14,956 | | | | 14,956 | | | | - | |
Nullity and reinstatement of the right | | Nullity of the administrative act that established a special contribution for public works contracts | | | 13,214 | | | | 13,214 | | | | - | |
| 21. | Other financial liabilities |
Other financial liabilities are comprised by Oleoducto Central S.A. and Hocol S.A. derivative financial instruments whose purpose is to hedge the risk in exchange rate changes to protect the cash flows required by these companies. Balance at March 31, 2015 in the statement of financial position is $225,428 (2014 - $140,055 and January 1, 2014 - $46), which corresponds to its fair value at Level 2 hierarchy, valued according to observable inputs, using the forward price methodology.
The impact in the profit and loss for the quarters ended on March 31, 2015 and 2014 is a loss of $94,453 and $303, respectively.
The main components of equity are comprised as follows:
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
| 22.1 | Subscribed and paid-in capital |
Ecopetrol’s authorized capital amounts to $15,000,000, and is comprised of 60,000,000,000 ordinary shares at a par value of $250 pesos 41,116,698,456 of such shares have been subscribed represented by 11.51% of non-controlling interest and 88.49% held by Government entities. The value of the reserve shares amounts to $4,720,825 comprised by 18,883,301,544 shares. At March 31, 2015, subscribed and paid-in capital amounts to $10,279,175. There no potentially dilutive instruments.
On March 26, 2015, the General Stockholders’ Meeting approved the capitalization of occasional reserves of Ecopetrol S.A. for $14,760,892 through the mechanism of increase of face value. Upon completion of the relevant processes in the second quarter, the face value of the shares will be $609 pesos per share and the subscribed and paid capital will amount to $25,040,067. This capitalization of reserves did not modify the number of ordinary registered shares.
| 22.2 | Additional paid-in capital |
Mainly corresponds to: (i) surplus with respect to its nominal value derived from the sale of shares upon capitalization in 2007, in the amount of $4,457,997, (ii) $31,351, the value generated by the process of placing the shares on the secondary market, arising from the calling of guarantees from debtors in arrears, according to the stipulations of Article 397 of the Commercial Code, (iii) to the surplus over nominal value arising from the sale of shares awarded in the second round, which took place in September 2011, in the amount of $2,118,492, and (iv) Additional paid-in capital receivable $216.
The balance of equity reserves is comprised as follows:
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | January 1, | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2014 | |
Legal | | | 4,962,335 | | | | 4,938,718 | | | | 4,700,873 | |
Occasional | | | 15,152,392 | | | | 12,938,995 | | | | 9,956,268 | |
Tax and mandatory | | | 671,455 | | | | 231,698 | | | | 397,873 | |
| | | 20,786,182 | | | | 18,109,411 | | | | 15,055,014 | |
Legal reserve
The Colombian Code of Commerce establishes the obligation of the appropiation of 10% of net income to our legal reserves until our legal reserves meet 50% of suscriped capital. The legal reserve can be used as compensation for losses or for distribution in the event of liquidation of the Company.
Occasional reserves
This corresponds to the appropriation of earnings ordered by the Stockholders’ meeting to carry out new explorations and future investments, as well as unrealized profits between group companies. On March 26, 2015, the Stockholders’ Meeting approved, after the appropriation of the occasional reserves of the 2014 period, the capitalization of occasional reserves for $14,760,895, through the mechanism of face value increase. This transaction will be formalized in the second quarter once the respective legal processes are performed.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Tax and mandatory reserves
The Colombian tax regime contemplates the appropriation of the profits for the period equivalent to 70% when the value of the depreciation claimed for tax purposes exceeds the accounting depreciation. This reserve may be released to the extent that the depreciations subsequently accounted for exceed those claimed annually for tax purposes, or the assets that generated the higher value deducted are sold.
In addition, Decree 2336 of 1995 established the obligation to establish a reserve for valuation of investments. The profits that are generated at the closing of the accounting period as a consequence of the application of special valuation systems at market prices and that have not been made in the name of the Company will be taken to a reserve.
| 22.4 | Retained earnings and payment of dividends |
The following shows the balance and a breakdown of the changes in retained earnings:
| | March 31 | | | December 31 | |
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
Retained earnings | | | 2,816,071 | | | | 10,801,332 | |
Balance at beginning of year | | | 10,801,332 | | | | 17,526,975 | |
Income attributable to owners of Ecopetrol | | | 160,030 | | | | 7,019,096 | |
Appropriation of reserves | | | (2,676,771 | ) | | | (3,054,397 | ) |
Dividends declared | | | (5,468,520 | ) | | | (10,690,342 | ) |
Balance at end of year | | | 2,816,071 | | | | 10,801,332 | |
On the results of the 2014 year end, the General Stockholders Meeting approved the distribution of an ordinary dividend per share of $133 pesos that will be paid to the minority stockholders in June 2015 for $629,344 and to the majority stockholder in 4 installments payable in the months of October, November and December 2015 and March 2016, for a total value of $4,839,177.
In 2014 ordinary dividends of $227 pesos were paid per share and extraordinary for $33 per share, for a total dividend of $260 pesos per share, which were paid in their entirety as of December 31, 2014.
| 22.5 | Other comprehensive income |
Includes income and expenses derived from the defined benefits plan, valuation of non-current assets held for sale and foreign currency translation controlled companies’ financial statements with functional currency different to Ecopetrol S.A.’s
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following is the detail of revenue for the three month periods ended March 31:
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
National sales | | | | | | | | |
Mid-distillates | | | 2,478,322 | | | | 2,948,867 | |
Gasoline | | | 1,490,006 | | | | 1,519,602 | |
Services | | | 1,109,809 | | | | 811,221 | |
Natural gas | | | 414,567 | | | | 318,649 | |
Crude | | | 151,622 | | | | 455,603 | |
Asphalts | | | 119,148 | | | | 119,646 | |
L.P.G. and propane | | | 61,581 | | | | 129,074 | |
Other products | | | 436,896 | | | | 531,302 | |
| | | 6,261,951 | | | | 6,833,964 | |
Recognition of price differential (1) | | | (435,183 | ) | | | 436,461 | |
| | | 5,826,768 | | | | 7,270,425 | |
Foreign sales | | | | | | | | |
Crude | | | 5,274,050 | | | | 8,194,402 | |
Fuel oil | | | 584,979 | | | | 1,182,088 | |
Natural gas | | | 100,188 | | | | 138,917 | |
Propylene | | | 3,216 | | | | 16,645 | |
Gasoline and turbo fuel | | | - | | | | 89,798 | |
Diesel | | | - | | | | 179,738 | |
Other products | | | 511,654 | | | | 899,311 | |
| | | 6,474,087 | | | | 10,700,899 | |
Total revenues | | | 12,300,855 | | | | 17,971,324 | |
| 1) | Corresponds to the application of Decree 1880 of September 2014 and Resolution 180522 of 2010, which defined the procedure for price differentials (value generated by the difference between parity price and regulated price, which can be positive or negative). See section 3.17 – Revenue recognition for more details. |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following is the detail of cost of sales according to their function for three month periods ended March 31:
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
Variable costs | | | | | | | | |
Imported products (1) | | | 2,764,883 | | | | 3,302,991 | |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | | | 1,179,081 | | | | 1,223,792 | |
Hydrocarbon purchases - ANH (2) | | | 814,886 | | | | 1,781,847 | |
Purchases of crude in association and concession | | | 602,215 | | | | 793,150 | |
Hydrocarbon transportation services | | | 320,576 | | | | 385,582 | |
Purchases of other products and gas | | | 244,341 | | | | 379,009 | |
Services contracted in associations | | | 149,092 | | | | 162,253 | |
Gas royalties in cash (3) | | | 122,371 | | | | 84,685 | |
Electric power | | | 97,316 | | | | 89,793 | |
Processing materials | | | 53,909 | | | | 61,579 | |
Adjustment of inventories to net realizable value | | | 31,682 | | | | (5,594 | ) |
Volume adjustments and other allocations | | | 56,207 | | | | 360,494 | |
| | | 6,436,559 | | | | 8,619,581 | |
Fixed costs | | | | | | | | |
Maintenance | | | 401,334 | | | | 463,168 | |
Services contracted in associations | | | 376,922 | | | | 393,251 | |
Labor costs | | | 376,134 | | | | 340,272 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 362,324 | | | | 325,076 | |
Services contracted | | | 282,609 | | | | 303,772 | |
Taxes and contributions | | | 117,439 | | | | 137,387 | |
Materials and operating supplies | | | 65,237 | | | | 73,162 | |
Hydrocarbon transportation services | | | 24,232 | | | | 936 | |
Non-capitalized project costs | | | 23,660 | | | | 42,996 | |
General costs | | | 88,187 | | | | 69,333 | |
| | | 2,118,078 | | | | 2,149,353 | |
| | | 8,554,637 | | | | 10,768,934 | |
| 1) | Corresponds mainly to purchases of ACPM and diluent agents to facilitate the transportation of heavy crude oil. |
| 2) | Corresponds mainly to the purchases of crude royalties that Ecopetrol makes from the ANH derived from national production, both by the Company in direct operation and by third parties. |
| 3) | Through Resolution 877 of September 2013, the National Hydrocarbons Agency established that, starting January 1, 2014, it will collect payment for royalties generated by gas production in cash and not in kind. |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
| 25. | Administration, operation and project expenses |
The following is the detail of administration, operation and project expenses, according to their function, for the three month periods ended on March 31:
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
Administration expenses | | | | | | | | |
Taxes (1) | | | 611,960 | | | | 18,793 | |
Labor expenses | | | 122,185 | | | | 99,222 | |
General expenses and other | | | 59,784 | | | | 56,869 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 25,101 | | | | 23,840 | |
| | | 819,030 | | | | 198,724 | |
Operation and project expenses | | | | | | | | |
Commissions, fees, freights and services | | | 186,027 | | | | 194,892 | |
Taxes | | | 101,847 | | | | 89,564 | |
Exploration expenses | | | 84,533 | | | | 363,573 | |
Labor expenses | | | 76,921 | | | | 65,692 | |
Maintenance | | | 54,334 | | | | 46,236 | |
Audit fees | | | 24,000 | | | | 14,500 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 20,412 | | | | 2,231 | |
Various | | | 56,879 | | | | 20,307 | |
| | | 604,953 | | | | 796,995 | |
| (1) | Includes mainly the recognition of wealth tax. See Note 9 – Current tax assets and liabilities for more details. |
| 26. | Other operating income and expenses, net |
The following is the detail of other operating income and expenses, according to their function, for three month periods ended on March 31:
| | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
Deferred Build, Operate, Maintain and Transfer Contracts (BOMT) income | | | 43,384 | | | | 34,965 | |
Compensation received | | | 5,448 | | | | 1,779 | |
Earnings from the sale of materials and property, plant and equipment | | | 4,186 | | | | 4,139 | |
Loss on fixed assets and natural resources disposals | | | (3,211 | ) | | | (151 | ) |
Recovery of legal proceeding’s provisions | | | (15,737 | ) | | | (9,626 | ) |
Recovery of other provisions, net | | | (10,066 | ) | | | (7,670 | ) |
Gas pipeline availability under BOMTS contracts | | | (28,915 | ) | | | (24,727 | ) |
Other income (expenses), net | | | 40,524 | | | | 59,286 | |
| | | 35,613 | | | | 57,995 | |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following is the detail of finance results, net for three month periods ended on March 31:
| | March 31, | | | March 31, | |
Finance Income | | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
Financial income from financial assets | | | 116,332 | | | | 8,976 | |
Yield and interest | | | 73,690 | | | | 109,990 | |
Dividends | | | 15,792 | | | | 53,187 | |
Gain on fair value of derivatives | | | - | | | | 55 | |
| | | 205,814 | | | | 172,208 | |
Finance costs | | | | | | | | |
Interest (1) | | | (291,785 | ) | | | (142,019 | ) |
Other liabilities financial costs | | | (134,320 | ) | | | (153,196 | ) |
Loss on fair value of derivatives | | | (97,453 | ) | | | (358 | ) |
Other finance expenses | | | (37,678 | ) | | | (20,541 | ) |
| | | (561,236 | ) | | | (316,114 | ) |
Foreign exchange (loss) gain, net | | | (1,174,852 | ) | | | 22,994 | |
Financial result, net | | | (1,530,274 | ) | | | (120,912 | ) |
| (1) | Interest was capitalized to natural resources and property plant and equipment for $229,922 and $195,434 for the three month periods ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 respectively. |
Our business depends substantially on international prices for crude oil and refined products. The prices for these products are volatile; a sharp decrease couldadversely affect our business prospects and results of operations.
A large proportion of our revenues come from sales of crude oil, natural gas and refined products. These products are indexed to international reference prices such as Brent. Consequently, fluctuations in those international indexes have a direct effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Prices of crude oil, natural gas and refined products have traditionally fluctuated as a result of a variety of factors including, among others, competition within the oil and natural gas industry; changes in international prices of natural gas and refined products; long-term changes in the demand for crude oil, natural gas and refined products; regulatory changes; changes in the cost of capital; adverse economic conditions; transactions in derivative financial instruments related to oil and gas and development or availability of alternative fuels.
The Ecopetrol business group has a policy approved by the Board of Directors that permits it to use derivative financial instruments in the organized market or over the counter (OTC) to cover itself from the risk of price fluctuations of crude oil and refined products associated to physical transactions. The Company has established appropriate process to handle risk that include constant monitoring of physical and financial market to identify risks in order to subsequently prepare and execute hedging strategies. As of this date there have been no hedging transactions performed to cover this type of risk.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following table provides information about the sensitivity of our Gross Income as of March 31, 2015, to variations of US$1 in the index price of our products and of 1% in the COP$/US$ exchange rate.
| | | | | Effect on our income before tax | |
| | Results as of March 31, 2015 | | | Variation +/- US$1 in index prices | |
Gross income | | | 3,746,218 | | | | 109,105 | |
| | Results as of March 31 2015 | | | Variation +/- 1% COP$/US$ (2) | |
Gross income | | | 3,746,218 | | | | 101,693 | |
The group operates mainly in Colombia and makes sales in the local and international markets. We are exposed to the exchange rate risk that arises from various foreign currency exposures due toour commercial transactions and assets and liabilities held in foreign currency.The impact of fluctuations in exchange rates, especially the Peso/U.S. dollar rate, on our operations could be material.
The U.S. dollar/Peso exchange rate has fluctuated during the last several years. The Peso depreciated 7.1% in 2014. During the first quarter of 2015 the peso depreciated 7.7% going from a closing rate at December 31, 2014 of $2,392.46 to $2,576.05 peso per dollar. During the first quarter of 2014, the peso depreciated 2% going from a closing rate at January 1, 2014 of $1,926.83 to $1,965.32 at March 31, 2014 peso per dollar.
When the Peso appreciates against the U.S. dollar, our revenues from exports decrease when converted into Pesos. However, imported goods, oil services and interest on external debt denominated in U.S. dollars become less expensive for us. Conversely, when the Peso depreciates against the U.S. dollar, our revenues from exports, when converted into Pesos, increase, and our imports and external debt service become more expensive.
The following table shows the impact a variation of 1 and 5% in the exchange rate of Colombian peso Vs United States of America dollar would have on the assets and liabilities held in said currency at March 31, 2015:
Variation in the exchange rate | | | Effect in income before taxes (+/-) | | | Effect in other comprehensive income (+/-) | |
| 1 | % | | $ | 213,261 | | | $ | 38,426 | |
| 5 | % | | $ | 1,016,041 | | | $ | 384,264 | |
Sensitivity analysis includes only monetary assets and liabilities held in foreign at closing date. The sensitivity analysis for income and cost is shown in Section 29.1 – Price risk.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Credit risk is the risk that the Company may suffer losses as a consequence of the nonfulfillment of the contracts for purchase and sale of crude oil, gas, refined and petrochemical products and transportation services, in addition to the financial institutions in which it keeps investments or the counterparties with which it has contracted derivative financial instruments.
In performance of the purchase and sale process of crude oil, gas, refined and petrochemical products and transportation services, the Company may be exposed to credit risk in the event that customers fail to comply with their payment obligations. The administration of this risk has designed mechanisms and procedures that have permitted the Company to minimize the probability of materialization, thus safeguarding the Company’s cash flow.
The Company makes a continuous analysis of the financial strength of its counterparties, which implies their classification according to their risk level and financial supports in the event of a cessation of payments. In addition, a constant monitoring is made of the national and international market conditions in order to establish early alerts of major changes that may have an impact on the timely payment of obligations from customers of the Company.
For the receivables portfolio that is considered deteriorated, an individual analysis is made that permits us to analyze individually the situation of each customer and thus define the applicable allowance to be established, such as age of receivables. The group carries out the administrative and legal actions necessary to recover past due accounts receivable, as well as the collection of interest from customers who do not comply with payment policies.
As of March 31, 2015, the business group does not have significant concentrations of credit risk. The following is the analysis of the receivables aged by customer in default but considered not impaired, as of March 31, 2015:
| | March 31, | |
| | 2015 | |
Less than 3 months overdue | | | 143,105 | |
Between 3 and 6 months overdue | | | 15,968 | |
More than 6 months overdue | | | 1,728 | |
Total | | | 160,801 | |
Interest rate risk arises from our exposure to changes in interest rates, as we have fixed and floating-rate instruments in our investment portfolio and issuances of floating rate debt linked to LIBOR, DTF and IPC rates. Thus, volatility in interest rates may affect the fair value and cash flows related to our investments and floating rate debt.
As of March 31, 2015, approximately 34% of our total indebtedness consisted of floating rate debt. If market interest rates rise, our financing expenses will increase, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Ecopetrol S.A. controls the exposure to interest rate risk by establishing limits to its effective duration, Value at Risk and Tracking Error.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The trust funds linked to Ecopetrol S.A.’s pension obligations (PAP) are also exposed to changes in interest rates, as they include fixed- and floating-rate instruments that are marked to market. Colombian regulation for pension funds, as stipulated in the Decree 941 of 2002 and Decree 1861 of 2012, indicates that they have to follow the same regime as the regular obligatory pension funds in their moderate portfolio.
The following table provides information about the sensitivity of our results and other comprehensive income, for the next 12 months, to variations in interest rate of 100 basis points:
Variation in interest rate | | Financial liabilities (Financial expenses) | | | Financial assets (Financial income) | | | Trust funds (Other comprehensive income) | |
+ 100 basis points | | | (140,267 | ) | | | (20,582 | ) | | | (343,437 | ) |
- 100 basis points | | | 138,596 | | | | 20,582 | | | | 343,437 | |
Sensitivity analysis of discount rates on pension plans is shown in its corresponding note of Labor and pension plan obligations.
Our ability to access the capital necessary to finance our investment plans on terms acceptable to us, can be limited due to deterioration in market conditions. A new financial crisis could worsen the risk perception in the emerging markets.
Risks related to Colombia’s political and regional environment could also make it more difficult for us and our subsidiaries to access international capital markets. These conditions, along with significant write-offs in the financial services sector and the re-pricing of credit risk, can make it difficult for us to obtain funding for our capital needs on favorable terms. As a result, we may be forced to revise the timing and scope of these projects as necessary to adapt to existing market and economic conditions, or access the financial markets on terms less favorable, therefore negatively affecting our results of operations and financial condition.
Liquidity risk is managed in accordance with our policies aimed at ensuring that there are sufficient net funds to meet the Company's financial commitments within its maturity schedules, with no additional costs. The main method for the measurement and monitoring of liquidity is cash flow forecasting.
The following is a summary of the maturity of financial liabilities as of March 31, 2015. The amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows. Consequently, these amounts may not reconcile with the amounts disclosed on the Consolidated statement of financial position.
| | Up to 1 year | | | 1 - 5 years | | | 5 - 10 years | | | > 10 years | | | Total | |
Loans (Principal and Interests) | | | 4,794,164 | | | | 24,255,239 | | | | 18,730,630 | | | | 18,822,602 | | | | 66,602,635 | |
Accounts payable | | | 12,920,633 | | | | 140,673 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 13,061,306 | |
Other financial liabilities | | | 225,428 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 225,428 | |
Total | | | 17,940,225 | | | | 24,395,912 | | | | 18,730,630 | | | | 18,822,602 | | | | 79,889,369 | |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The main objective of Ecopetrol’s Capital Management is to secure a financial structure that will optimize the Company’s cost of capital, that maximizes the returns to its shareholders and permits access to financial markets at a competitive cost to cover is financing needs.
The leverage index at the relevant periods is comprised as follow:
| | March 31, 2015 | | | December 31, 2014 | | | January 1st, 2014 | |
Financial obligations (Note 18) | | | 42,725,917 | | | | 34,947,341 | | | | 22,241,413 | |
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 5) | | | (10,941,003 | ) | | | (7,015,731 | ) | | | (8,541,138 | ) |
Other non-restricted financial assets (nota 8) | | | (2,619,062 | ) | | | (1,520,110 | ) | | | (1,939,745 | ) |
Net financial debt | | | 29,165,852 | | | | 26,411,500 | | | | 11,760,530 | |
Equity (Note 22) | | | 46,879,945 | | | | 51,074,199 | | | | 50,991,258 | |
Leverage (1) | | | 38.4 | % | | | 34.1 | % | | | 18.7 | % |
(1) Net financial debt / (Net financial debt + Equity)
The most representative balances as of March 31, 2015, December 31, and January 1, 2014, with related parties in which Ecopetrol holds investments where it exercises significant influence and joint ventures are included in accounts receivable, suppliers, accounts payable and loans, as follows:
| | Accounts receivables | | | Other assets | | | Accounts payable | | | Loans | |
Joint ventures | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equion Energía Limited | | | 107,618 | | | | 52,141 | | | | 73,469 | | | | 92,149 | |
Associates | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Invercolsa S.A. | | | 31,212 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
Ecodiesel Colombia S.A. | | | 6,226 | | | | - | | | | 15,168 | | | | - | |
Serviport S.A. | | | - | | | | - | | | | 4,272 | | | | - | |
Balance at March, 2015 | | | 145,056 | | | | 52,141 | | | | 92,909 | | | | 92,149 | |
| | Accounts receivables | | | Other assets | | | Accounts payable | | | Loans | |
Joint ventures | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equion Energía Limited | | | 75,561 | | | | 9,338 | | | | 84,006 | | | | 36,728 | |
Associates | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ecodiesel Colombia S.A. | | | - | | | | - | | | | 20,308 | | | | - | |
Serviport S.A. | | | - | | | | - | | | | 3,506 | | | | - | |
Balance at December, 2014 | | | 75,561 | | | | 9,338 | | | | 107,820 | | | | 36,728 | |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
| | Accounts receivables | | | Other assets | | | Accounts payable | | | Loans | |
Joint ventures | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equion Energía Limited | | | 164,711 | | | | 15,558 | | | | 102,529 | | | | 578,423 | |
Associates | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ecodiesel Colombia S.A. | | | - | | | | - | | | | 22,890 | | | | - | |
Serviport S.A. | | | - | | | | - | | | | 1,674 | | | | - | |
Balance at January 1, 2014 | | | 164,711 | | | | 15,558 | | | | 127,093 | | | | 578,423 | |
Outstanding amounts are not guaranteed and will be settled in cash. No guarantees have been granted or received. No expense has been recognized in the current period or in previous periods in respect to uncollectable or doubtful accounts related to amounts due by related parties
The most significant transactions with related parties for the quarters ended on March 31, 2014 and 2015 are comprised as follows:
| | Period ended March 31, 2015 | | | Period ended March 31, 2014 | |
| | Sales and services | | | Purchase of products and services | | | Sales and services | | | Purchase of products and services | |
Joint ventures | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equion Energía Limited | | | 147,485 | | | | 122,503 | | | | 126,031 | | | | 44,984 | |
Associates | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ecodiesel Colombia S.A. | | | 315 | | | | 53,286 | | | | 304 | | | | 47,323 | |
Total transactions | | | 147,799 | | | | 175,790 | | | | 126,334 | | | | 92,307 | |
Compensation of directors
Based on a resolution adopted at our annual shareholders’ meeting in 2012, compensation for directors is the equivalent of four to six minimum monthly wage salaries, which totals approximately $3,700 for 2014 and $3,900 for 2015. Fees for attendance at virtual meetings are set at 50% of the in-person meeting fee. The Board of directors is not subject to any variable remuneration.
The total compensation paid to our Directors, executive officers and senior management during 1st quarter 2015 amounted to $5,092 (2014 - $9,058). Our Directors are not eligible to receive pension and retirement benefits from us. The total amount set aside to provide pension and retirement benefits to our eligible executive officers at December 31, 2014 totals $13,958.
Government related parties
Colombian Government holds control of Ecopetrol S.A. with a stock ownership of 88.49%. The most significant transactions with governmental entities are comprised as follows:
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
| a) | Purchase of oil from the National Hydrocarbons Agency - ANH |
Because of the nature of the business, the company has a direct relationship with ANH, the entity that operates under the Ministry of Mines and Energy, which objective is to manage the oil and gas reserves and resources owned by the Nation.
Ecopetrol S.A. purchases the crude oil that the ANH receives from all producers in Colombia at the prices set in accordance with a jointly established formula, which reflects the export sale prices (crude oils and products), adjustment to the API gravity quality, sulfur content, transportation rates from the wellhead to the ports of Coveñas and Tumaco, refining process cost and a commercialization rate. This contract was extended to June 30, 2015.
Up to December 2013, the Company commercialized, on behalf of the ANH, the natural gas received by the latter in kind from the producers. Since January 2014 the ANH receives the royalties for production of natural gas in cash.
The purchase value of oil and gas from the AHN is detailed in Note 25-Cost of sales.
Regular gasoline and diesel (ACPM) sale prices are regulated by the National Government. In this event, there are differentials between the volume reported by the Companies at the time of the sale and the difference between the parity price and the benchmark price, the parity price being that corresponding to the daily motor gasoline and diesel (ACPM) prices observed during the month. These differentials may be in favor or against the producers. The value of this differential is detailed in Note 24 – Revenue.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The Company carries out exploration and production operations through Exploration and Production (E&P) Contracts, Technical Evaluation (TEA) Contracts and Agreements signed with theAgencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos (National Hydrocarbons Agency, hereinafter ANH), as well as through Partnership Contracts and other types of contracts in various forms. The main joint operations at the close of March 2015 one as follows:
Contracts in which Ecopetrol is not the operator:
Partners | | Contract | | Type | | Geographic area of Operations | | % Participation |
Perenco Oil and Gas Colombia Limited | | Boquerón | | Production | | Colombia | | 75% |
Perenco Colombia Limited | | Casanare | | Production | | Colombia | | 60% |
Occidental de Colombia LLC | | Cravo Norte | | Production | | Colombia | | 55% |
| Rondón | | Production | | Colombia | | 50% |
Chevron Petroleum Company | | Guajira | | Production | | Colombia | | 57% |
| CE-M-715 | | Exploration-ANH | | Brasil | | 50% |
Mansarovar Energy Colombia Ltd. | | Nare | | Production | | Colombia | | 50% |
Equion energia Ltd | | Piedemonte | | Production | | Colombia | | 50% |
Meta Petroleum Corp. | | Quifa | | Production | | Colombia | | 40% |
| Rubiales (1) | | Production – Shared-risk participation | | Colombia | | 60% |
| (1) | In March, 2015, Ecopetrol and Pacific Rubiales Energy announce that they have agreed not to extend the Rubiales risk participation and Piriri joint venture contracts that expire in 2016. As a result, Ecopetrol will obtain a 100% interest in both fields as of June, 2016. |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Contracts in which Ecopetrol is the operator:
Partners | | Contract | | Type | | Geographic area of Operations | | % Participation |
Talisman Colombia Oil & Gas Ltd | | Niscota | | Exploración | | Colombia | | 20% |
| CPO9 | | Exploración | | Colombia | | 55% |
| Mundo Nuevo | | Exploración | | Colombia | | 15% |
Occidental Andina Llc | | LA CIRA | | Producción | | Colombia | | 61,5% |
Exxonmobil Exploration Colombia | | VMM29 | | Exploración | | Colombia | | 50% |
Lewis Energy Colombia Inc | | SSJN1 | | Exploración | | Colombia | | 50% |
| 31.1 | Basis of classification |
The Group operates under three segments: 1) Exploration and Production, 2) Transportation and Logistics and 3) Refining, petrochemicals and Biocombustibles
| 1) | Exploration and Production- this segment includes the Company’s oil & gas exploration and production activities. Revenue is derived from the sale of crude oil, regulated fuels, nonregulated fuels and natural gas to inter-company segments, at market prices, and to third parties (local and foreign). Costs include those costs incurred in production. Expenses include all exploration costs that are not capitalized. |
| 2) | Transportation and Logistics- this segment includes the Company’s sales and costs associated with the transportation of crude oil, motor fuels, fuel oil and other refined products. |
| 3) | Refining and Petrochemicals -this segment includes the Company’s refining activities performed in Barrancabermeja and Cartagena refineries, where crude oil from locations is transformed into products. Revenue is derived from the sale of goods sold, both internally and to third parties (local and foreign), including refined products such as motor fuels, fuel oils and petrochemicals at market prices and some regulated fuels. This segment also includes sales of industrial services to third parties. |
These functions have been defined as the operating segments of the Group since these are the segments (a) that engage in business activities from which revenues are earned and expenses are incurred; (b) whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the Group’s chief operating decision maker to allocate resources to the segments and assess their performance; and (c) for which discrete financial information is available. Internal transfers represent sales to intercompany segments and are recorded and presented at market prices.
| 31.2 | Financial information by segments |
The following segment information is reported based on the information used by the Board, as the highest body to make strategic and operational decisions of these business segments. The performance of the segments are based primarily on analysis of income, costs, expenses and results for the period generated by each segment , which are regularly monitored.
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The information disclosed in each segment is presented net of transactions between Group companies.
The following presents the consolidated statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income as of March, 2015 and 2014:
| | Consolidated statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income for the three month period ended 31 March 2015 | |
| | Exploration and production | | | Refining and petrochemicals | | | Transportation and logistics | | | Eliminations | | | Total | |
Third party sales | | | 6,328,960 | | | | 4,903,969 | | | | 1,067,926 | | | | - | | | | 12,300,855 | |
Inter-segment sales | | | 1,226,132 | | | | 203,304 | | | | 1,423,714 | | | | (2,853,150 | ) | | | - | |
Total Revenue | | | 7,555,092 | | | | 5,107,273 | | | | 2,491,640 | | | | (2,853,150 | ) | | | 12,300,855 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed costs | | | 1,623,328 | | | | 467,996 | | | | 637,253 | | | | (610,499 | ) | | | 2,118,078 | |
Variable costs | | | 4,232,726 | | | | 4,179,153 | | | | 260,701 | | | | (2,236,021 | ) | | | 6,436,559 | |
Gross income | | | 1,699,038 | | | | 460,124 | | | | 1,593,686 | | | | (6,630 | ) | | | 3,746,218 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Administration expenses | | | 390,118 | | | | 187,515 | | | | 241,734 | | | | (337 | ) | | | 819,030 | |
Operation and projects expenses | | | 360,030 | | | | 274,857 | | | | 35,080 | | | | (65,014 | ) | | | 604,953 | |
Other operating income and expenses, net | | | (18,821 | ) | | | (20,815 | ) | | | 4,023 | | | | - | | | | (35,613 | ) |
Operating income | | | 967,711 | | | | 18,567 | | | | 1,312,849 | | | | 58,721 | | | | 2,357,848 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial income and expenses, net | | | (1,263,791 | ) | | | (347,175 | ) | | | 142,169 | | | | (77,269 | ) | | | (1,546,066 | ) |
Share of profit of associates | | | 690 | | | | 42 | | | | 12 | | | | - | | | | 744 | |
Investment income | | | 60,695 | | | | (22,279 | ) | | | 4,962 | | | | (27,586 | ) | | | 15,792 | |
Income before tax | | | (234,695 | ) | | | (350,845 | ) | | | 1,459,992 | | | | (46,134 | ) | | | 828,318 | |
Income tax | | | 69,135 | | | | 50,532 | | | | (592,187 | ) | | | 144 | | | | (472,376 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income for the period | | | (165,560 | ) | | | (300,313 | ) | | | 867,805 | | | | (45,990 | ) | | | 355,942 | |
Income attributable to: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Owners of the Company | | | (165,560 | ) | | | (298,359 | ) | | | 669,939 | | | | (45,990 | ) | | | 160,030 | |
Non-controlling interests | | | - | | | | (1,954 | ) | | | 197,866 | | | | - | | | | 195,912 | |
| | | (165,560 | ) | | | (300,313 | ) | | | 867,805 | | | | (45,990 | ) | | | 355,942 | |
Complementary information | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | | | 1,222,860 | | | | 137,362 | | | | 226,696 | | | | - | | | | 1,586,918 | |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
| | Consolidated statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income for the three month period ended 31 March 2014 | |
| | | |
| | Exploration and production | | | Refining and petrochemicals | | | Transportation and logistics | | | Eliminations | | | Total | |
Third party sales | | | 9,816,893 | | | | 7,384,970 | | | | 769,461 | | | | - | | | | 17,971,324 | |
Inter-segment sales | | | 1,997,783 | | | | 216,433 | | | | 1,160,349 | | | | (3,374,565 | ) | | | - | |
Total Revenue | | | 11,814,676 | | | | 7,601,403 | | | | 1,929,810 | | | | (3,374,565 | ) | | | 17,971,324 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed costs | | | 1,540,816 | | | | 446,961 | | | | 642,013 | | | | (480,437 | ) | | | 2,149,353 | |
Variable costs | | | 4,696,352 | | | | 6,645,096 | | | | 108,201 | | | | (2,830,068 | ) | | | 8,619,581 | |
Gross income | | | 5,577,508 | | | | 509,346 | | | | 1,179,596 | | | | (64,060 | ) | | | 7,202,390 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - | |
Administration expenses | | | 35,355 | | | | 77,204 | | | | 86,165 | | | | - | | | | 198,724 | |
Operation and projects expenses | | | 661,047 | | | | 179,796 | | | | 7,660 | | | | (51,508 | ) | | | 796,995 | |
Other operating income and expenses, net | | | (25,264 | ) | | | (12,248 | ) | | | (20,523 | ) | | | 40 | | | | (57,995 | ) |
Operating income | | | 4,906,370 | | | | 264,594 | | | | 1,106,294 | | | | (12,592 | ) | | | 6,264,666 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial income and expenses, net | | | (93,159 | ) | | | (54,972 | ) | | | (12,645 | ) | | | (13,323 | ) | | | (174,099 | ) |
Share of profit of associates | | | 11,838 | | | | 3,375 | | | | 101 | | | | - | | | | 15,314 | |
Investment income | | | 53,999 | | | | 6,853 | | | | 3,810 | | | | (11,475 | ) | | | 53,187 | |
Income before tax | | | 4,879,048 | | | | 219,850 | | | | 1,097,560 | | | | (37,390 | ) | | | 6,159,068 | |
Income tax | | | 1,664,503 | | | | 103,014 | | | | 326,712 | | | | - | | | | 2,094,229 | |
Net income for the period | | | 3,214,545 | | | | 116,836 | | | | 770,848 | | | | (37,390 | ) | | | 4,064,839 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income attributable to: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Owners of the Company | | | 3,214,545 | | | | 118,516 | | | | 592,430 | | | | (37,390 | ) | | | 3,888,101 | |
Non-controlling interests | | | - | | | | (1,680 | ) | | | 178,418 | | | | - | | | | 176,738 | |
| | | 3,214,545 | | | | 116,836 | | | | 770,848 | | | | (37,390 | ) | | | 4,064,839 | |
Complementary information | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | | | 1,244,894 | | | | 137,607 | | | | 192,438 | | | | - | | | | 1,574,939 | |
| 31.3 | Sales of products by segment, geographic areas, customers and investments |
Sales of products by segment March 31, 2015 and 2014:
| | Sales of products by segment | | | | | | | |
| | for the three month period ended 31 March 2015 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Exploration and production | | | Refining and petrochemicals | | | Transportation and logistics | | | Eliminations | | | Total | |
Local sales | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Medium distillates | | | 387 | | | | 2,477,935 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 2,478,322 | |
Gasolines | | | - | | | | 1,054,823 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 1,054,823 | |
Natural gas | | | 486,468 | | | | - | | | | 81 | | | | (71,982 | ) | | | 414,567 | |
Crude oil | | | 1,277,662 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (1,126,040 | ) | | | 151,622 | |
Diesel and asphalts | | | 12,686 | | | | 106,462 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 119,148 | |
Plastic and rubber | | | 0 | | | | 169,327 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 169,327 | |
L.P.G. and propane | | | 27,193 | | | | 34,388 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 61,581 | |
Services and other products | | | 107,239 | | | | 373,974 | | | | 2,491,419 | | | | (1,595,254 | ) | | | 1,377,378 | |
Total local sales | | | 1,911,635 | | | | 4,216,909 | | | | 2,491,500 | | | | (2,793,276 | ) | | | 5,826,768 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Foreign sales | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Crude oil | | | 5,274,050 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | | | | | 5,274,050 | |
Fuel oil | | | - | | | | 584,979 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 584,979 | |
Plastic and rubber | | | - | | | | 258,647 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 258,647 | |
Natural gas | | | 101,690 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (1,502 | ) | | | 100,188 | |
L.P.G. and propane | | | 2,089 | | | | 7,432 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 9,521 | |
Other products and services | | | 265,628 | | | | 39,306 | | | | 140 | | | | (58,372 | ) | | | 246,702 | |
Total foreign sales | | | 5,643,457 | | | | 890,364 | | | | 140 | | | | (59,874 | ) | | | 6,474,087 | |
Total sales by segment | | | 7,555,092 | | | | 5,107,273 | | | | 2,491,640 | | | | (2,853,150 | ) | | | 12,300,855 | |
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Sales of products by segment for the three month period ended 31 March 2014 |
| | Exploration and production | | | Refining and petrochemicals | | | Transportation and logistics | | | Eliminations | | | Total | |
Local sales | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Medium distillates | | | - | | | | 2,964,368 | | | | - | | | | (15,501 | ) | | | 2,948,867 | |
Gasolines | | | - | | | | 1,956,063 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 1,956,063 | |
Crude oil | | | 1,711,608 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (1,256,005 | ) | | | 455,603 | |
Natural gas | | | 379,327 | | | | - | | | | 6 | | | | (60,684 | ) | | | 318,649 | |
Plastic and rubber | | | - | | | | 151,652 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 151,652 | |
L.P.G. and propane | | | 53,411 | | | | 75,663 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 129,074 | |
Diesel and asphalts | | | 10,185 | | | | 109,461 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 119,646 | |
Other products and services | | | 192,817 | | | | 405,895 | | | | 1,929,499 | | | | (1,337,340 | ) | | | 1,190,871 | |
Total local sales | | | 2,347,348 | | | | 5,663,102 | | | | 1,929,505 | | | | (2,669,530 | ) | | | 7,270,425 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Foreign sales | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Crude oil | | | 8,887,532 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (693,130 | ) | | | 8,194,402 | |
Fuel oil | | | - | | | | 1,182,088 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 1,182,088 | |
Plastic and rubber | | | - | | | | 236,859 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 236,859 | |
Diesel | | | - | | | | 179,738 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 179,738 | |
Natural gas | | | 146,424 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (7,507 | ) | | | 138,917 | |
Gasolines | | | - | | | | 89,798 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 89,798 | |
L.P.G. and propane | | | 747 | | | | 8,453 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 9,200 | |
Other products and services | | | 432,625 | | | | 241,365 | | | | 305 | | | | (4,398 | ) | | | 669,897 | |
Total foreign sales | | | 9,467,328 | | | | 1,938,301 | | | | 305 | | | | (705,035 | ) | | | 10,700,899 | |
Total sales by segment | | | 11,814,676 | | | | 7,601,403 | | | | 1,929,810 | | | | (3,374,565 | ) | | | 17,971,324 | |
Sales by geographic zones
Operating revenue by geographic zones is comprised as follows:
Zone | | March 31, 2015 | | | Participation | | | March 31, 2014 | | | Participation | |
Colombia | | | 5,666,303 | | | | 46.1 | % | | | 6,949,781 | | | | 38.7 | % |
United States of America | | | 2,969,623 | | | | 24.1 | % | | | 4,636,818 | | | | 25.8 | % |
Asia | | | 1,311,677 | | | | 10.7 | % | | | 3,751,915 | | | | 20.9 | % |
Europe | | | 1,276,801 | | | | 10.4 | % | | | 1,165,516 | | | | 6.5 | % |
Central America and Caribbean | | | 857,330 | | | | 7.0 | % | | | 1,102,719 | | | | 6.1 | % |
South America | | | 200,410 | | | | 1.6 | % | | | 354,477 | | | | 2.0 | % |
Other | | | 18,711 | | | | 0.2 | % | | | 10,098 | | | | 0.1 | % |
Total | | | 12,300,855 | | | | 100 | % | | | 17,971,324 | | | | 100 | % |
Concentration of customers
In 2015 one customer of the refining segment accounted for 10% (2014 – 11,1%) of total sales. No other customers accounted for more than 10% of total sales. There was no exposure that affects the financial position of Ecopetrol if the company lost the client.
Non-current assets-distribution by geographic zone
The majority of the Company’s assets and activities are located in Colombia. The financial position and results of operations of those subsidiaries located outside of Colombia are not material to the Group.
Capital expenditures
The following table shows a breakdown of the changes of capital expenditures during the first quarter 2015 and year ended December 31, 2014:
Ecopetrol S.A.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
| | Capital expenditures in first quarter 2015 | |
| | Exploration and production | | | Refining and petrochemicals | | | Transportation and logistics | | | Total | |
Property, plant and equipment | | | 813,043 | | | | 767,029 | | | | 509,074 | | | | 2,089,146 | |
Natural resources | | | 932,971 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 932,971 | |
Intangibles | | | 5,475 | | | | 167 | | | | 1,328 | | | | 6,970 | |
Total | | | 1,751,489 | | | | 767,196 | | | | 510,402 | | | | 3,029,087 | |
| | Capital expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2014 | |
| | Exploration and production | | | Refining and petrochemicals | | | Transportation and logistics | | | Total | |
Property, plant and equipment | | | 669,254 | | | | 3,878,758 | | | | 2,406,216 | | | | 6,954,228 | |
Natural resources | | | 9,615,053 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 9,615,053 | |
Intangibles | | | 27,564 | | | | 10,103 | | | | 960 | | | | 38,627 | |
Total | | | 10,311,871 | | | | 3,888,861 | | | | 2,407,176 | | | | 16,607,908 | |
Ecopetrol Business Group
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
All amounts in millions of pesos unless otherwise stated
Exhibit 1. Consolidated companies, associates and joint ventures
Consolidated subsidiaries
Company | | Ownership | | | Activity | | Subsidiaries | | Country/Domicile | | Geographic area of operations | | Net Equity | | | Income (loss) for the period | |
Ecopetrol Global Energy | | | 100 | % | | Investment vehicle. | | Ecopetrol América Inc., Ecopetrol oleo & Gas do Brasil Ltda, Ecopetrol del Perú S. A.,Ecopetrol Germany Gmbh, Refinería de Cartagena S. A., Bioenergy S. A. | | Spain | | Spain | | | 3,517,411 | | | | (33 | ) |
Ecopetrol Oleo é Gas do Brasil Ltda. | | | 100 | % | | Hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation. | | Sociedad portuaria de oleofinas y derivados, Propileno del Caribe S. A | | Brazil | | Brazil | | | 16,612 | | | | (6,909 | ) |
Ecopetrol del Perú S. A. | | | 100 | % | | Hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation. | | - | | Peru | | Peru | | | 67,309 | | | | (2,253 | ) |
Ecopetrol América Inc. | | | 100 | % | | Hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation. | | Ecopetrol Perú S.A, Ecopetrol Oleo é Gas do Brasil Ltda.,Propileno del Caribe S. A,Sociedad portuaria de oleofinas y derivados | | United States of America | | United States of America | | | 2,855,297 | | | | (67,625 | ) |
Black Gold Re Ltd. | | | 100 | % | | Reinsurer of Ecopetrol and its subsidiaries. | | - | | Bermuda | | Bermuda | | | 446,725 | | | | 9,586 | |
Ecopetrol Germany Gmbh | | | 100 | % | | Hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation. | | - | | Germany | | Angola | | | 2,686 | | | | 101 | |
Hocol Petroleum Limited | | | 100 | % | | Investment vehicle. | | Hocol S. A. | | Bermuda | | Bermuda | | | 3,585,265 | | | | 18,435 | |
Hocol S.A | | | 100 | % | | Hydrocarbon exploration, exploitation and production. | | Oleoducto Central S.A.-ODC | | Cayman Islands | | Colombia | | | 2,039,010 | | | | (16,157 | ) |
Andean Chemicals Ltd. | | | 100 | % | | Investment vehicle. | | Bioenergy S. A., Refinería de Cartagena, Propileno del Caribe S. A. y Comai S.A. | | Bermuda | | Bermuda | | | 4,685,000 | | | | 15,822 | |
Ecopetrol Business Group
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Refinería de Cartagena S. A. | | | 100 | % | | Hydrocarbons refining, marketing and distribution. | | - | | Colombia | | Colombia | | | 8,099,205 | | | | (157,606 | ) |
Propileno del Caribe Propilco S. A. | | | 100 | % | | Production and marketing of polypropylene resin. | | Comai S. A., Refinería de Cartagena., Bioenergy S. A. Sociedad Porturaria Olefinas y Derivados | | Colombia | | Colombia | | | 1,001,507 | | | | 24,172 | |
COMAI - Compounding and Masterbatching Industry | | | 100 | % | | Manufacturing of polypropylene compounds and master batches for a wide range of uses. | | Refinería de Cartagena., Bioenergy S. A., Zona franca de Cartagena S.A , Sociedad Portuaria del Dique | | Colombia | | Colombia | | | 76,481 | | | | 14,423 | |
Bioenergy S. A. | | | 93,47 | % | | Biofuels production. | | Bioenergy Zona Franca S. A., Amandine Holdings Corp. y Los Arces Group Corp. | | Colombia | | Colombia | | | 258,228 | | | | (14,467 | ) |
Bioenergy Zona Franca S. A. S. | | | 93,47 | % | | Biofuels production. | | - | | Colombia | | Colombia | | | 112,100 | | | | (15,480 | ) |
Amandine Holdings Corp. | | | 93,47 | % | | In a winding-up process. | | - | | Panama | | Panama | | | 6,657 | | | | - | |
Los Arces Group Corp. | | | 93,47 | % | | In a winding-up process. | | - | | Panama | | Panama | | | 5,100 | | | | - | |
Cenit S.A.S. | | | 100 | % | | Almacenamiento y Transporte por ductos de Hidrocarburos. | | Oleoducto Bicentenario, Ocensa, ODC, ODL, Serviport | | Colombia | | Colombia | | | 15,091,710 | | | | 694,823 | |
Oleoducto Central S. A. - Ocensa | | | 72,65 | % | | Pipeline transportation of crude oil. | | - | | Colombia | | Colombia | | | 2,248,321 | | | | 465,967 | |
ODL S. A. | | | 65 | % | | Pipeline transportation of crude oil. | | - | | Panama | | Panama | | | 1,044,815 | | | | 69,994 | |
Oleoducto de Colombia S. A. – ODC | | | 73 | % | | Pipeline transportation of crude oil. | | - | | Colombia | | Colombia | | | 305,339 | | | | 56,028 | |
Oleoducto Bicentenario de Colombia SAS | | | 55.97 | % | | Pipeline transportation of crude oil. | | - | | Colombia | | Colombia | | | 826,845 | | | | 60,472 | |
Ecopetrol Capital AG | | | 100 | % | | Financing, liquidation of funding for companies, groups or any business or related activity. | | - | | Switzerland | | Switzerland | | | 732,030 | | | | 20,164 | |
Ecopetrol Global Capital SL | | | 100 | % | | Investment vehicle. | | - | | Spain | | Spain | | | 8 | | | | - | |
Ecopetrol Business Group
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Associates and joint ventures
Company | | Ownership | | | Activity | | Country/Domicile | | Geographic area of operations | | Net Equity | | | Income (loss) for the period | |
Associates | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Invercolsa S.A. | | | 43,35 | % | | Investment in companies of transport and distribution of Natural Gas and L.P.G. in Colombia. | | Colombia | | Colombia | | | 129,265 | | | | 4,159 | |
Offshore International Group | | | 50 | % | | Hydrocarbon exploration, development, production and processing. | | United States of America | | Peru | | | 1,378,721 | | | | (32,335 | ) |
Ecodiesel Colombia S.A. | | | 50 | % | | Production, marketing and distribution of biofuels and oleo chemicals. | | Colombia | | Colombia | | | 63,748 | | | | 3,963 | |
Serviport S.A. | | | 49 | % | | Services for oil-vessel loading and unloading support; supply of equipment for the same purpose; technical inspections and loading measurements. | | Colombia | | Colombia | | | 12,704 | | | | 8,083 | |
Sociedad Portuaria Olefinas y Derivados S.A. | | | 50 | % | | Construction, use, maintenance, adequation and administration of ports and private or public docks facilities. | | Colombia | | Colombia | | | 1,050 | | | | (202 | ) |
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Joint Ventures | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equion Energía Limited | | | 51 | % | | Hydrocarbon exploration, exploitation and production | | United Kingdom | | Colombia | | | 2,135,761 | | | | 20,482 | |