Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2013 |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | ' |
Principles of Consolidation | ' |
(b) Principles of Consolidation |
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The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and results of operations of Territorial Bancorp Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Territorial Savings Bank, Territorial Real Estate Co., Inc., and Territorial Financial Services, Inc. Significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | ' |
(c) Cash and Cash Equivalents |
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Cash and cash equivalents includes cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits in other banks, federal funds sold, and short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. |
Investment Securities | ' |
(d) Investment Securities |
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The Company classifies and accounts for its investment securities as follows: (1) held-to-maturity debt securities in which the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are reported at amortized cost; (2) trading securities that are purchased for the purpose of selling in the near term are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in current earnings; and (3) available-for-sale securities not classified as either held-to-maturity or trading securities are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from current earnings and reported as a separate component of equity. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company classified all of its investments as held-to-maturity. |
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A decline in the market value of any available-for-sale or held-to-maturity security below cost, that is deemed to be other than temporary, results in an impairment to reduce the carrying amount to fair value. To determine whether impairment is other than temporary, the Company considers whether it has the intent and ability not to sell and would not be required to sell for a sufficient period of time to recover the remaining amortized cost basis. |
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Gains or losses on the sale of investment securities are computed using the specific-identification method. The Company amortizes premiums and accretes discounts associated with investment securities using the interest method over the contractual life of the respective investment security. Such amortization and accretion is included in the interest and dividend income line item in the consolidated statements of income. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned. |
Loans Receivable | ' |
(e) Loans Receivable |
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This policy applies to all loan classes. Loans receivable are stated at the principal amount outstanding, less the allowance for loan losses, loan origination fees and costs, and commitment fees. Interest on loans receivable is accrued as earned. The Company has a policy of placing loans on a nonaccrual basis when more than 90 days contractually delinquent or when, in the opinion of management, collection of all or part of the principal balance appears doubtful. For nonaccrual loans, the Company records payments received as a reduction in principal. The Company, considering current information and events regarding the borrowers’ ability to repay their obligations, considers a loan to be impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. When a loan is considered to be impaired, the amount of the impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or, if the loan is considered to be collateral dependent, based on the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell. Impairment losses are written off against the allowance for loan losses. For impaired loans, the Company records payments received as a reduction in principal. A nonaccrual loan may be restored to an accrual basis when principal and interest payments are current and full payment of principal and interest is expected. |
Loans Held for Sale | ' |
(f) Loans Held for Sale |
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Loans held for sale are stated at the lower of aggregate cost or market value. Net fees and costs of originating loans held for sale are deferred and are included in the basis for determining the gain or loss on sales of loans held for sale. |
Deferred Loan Origination Fees and Unearned Loan Discounts | ' |
(g) Deferred Loan Origination Fees and Unearned Loan Discounts |
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Loan origination and commitment fees and certain direct loan origination costs are being deferred, and the net amount is recognized over the life of the related loan as an adjustment to yield. Net deferred loan fees are amortized using the interest method over the contractual term of the loan, adjusted for actual prepayments. Net unamortized fees on loans paid in full are recognized as a component of interest income. |
Real Estate Owned | ' |
(h) Real Estate Owned |
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Real estate owned is valued at the time of foreclosure at fair value, less estimated cost to sell, thereby establishing a new cost basis. The Company obtains appraisals based on recent comparable sales to assist management in estimating the fair value of real estate owned. Subsequent to acquisition, real estate owned is valued at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated cost to sell. Declines in value are charged to expense through a direct writedown of the asset. Costs related to holding real estate are charged to expense while costs related to development and improvements are capitalized. |
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Profits from the sale of real estate are recognized when title has passed, minimum down payment requirements are met, the terms of any notes received are such as to satisfy continuing investment requirements, and the Company is relieved of any requirements for continued involvement with the properties. If the minimum down payment or the continuing investment is not adequate to meet the criteria specified in the Property, Plant and Equipment topic of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC), the Company will defer income recognition and account for such sales using alternative methods, such as installment, deposit, or cost recovery. |
Allowance for Loan Losses | ' |
(i) Allowance for Loan Losses |
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The Company’s allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for losses that can be estimated based upon specific and general conditions. All loan losses are charged, and all recoveries are credited, to the allowance for loan losses. Additions to the allowance for loan losses are provided by charges to income based on various factors, which, in the Company’s judgment, deserve current recognition in estimating probable losses. Charge-offs to the allowance are made when management determines that collectability of all or a portion of a loan is doubtful and available collateral is insufficient to repay the loan. |
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General allowances are established for loan losses on a portfolio basis for loans that do not meet the definition of impaired, in accordance with the Receivables topic of the FASB ASC. The portfolio is grouped into similar risk characteristics, primarily loan type and delinquency status. The Company applies an estimated loss rate to each loan group. The loss rates applied are based upon its loss experience adjusted, as appropriate, for environmental factors discussed below. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant revisions based upon changes in economic and real estate market conditions. Actual loan losses may be significantly more than the allowance for loan losses the Company has established, which could have a material negative effect on its financial results. |
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Residential mortgage loans represent the largest segment of the Company’s loan portfolio. All of the residential mortgage loans are secured by a first mortgage on residential real estate in Hawaii and consist primarily of fixed-rate mortgage loans which have been underwritten to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae guidelines and have similar risk characteristics. The loan loss allowance is determined by first calculating the historical loss rate for this segment of the portfolio. The loss rate may be adjusted for qualitative and environmental factors. The allowance for loan loss is calculated by multiplying the adjusted loss rate by the total loans in this segment of the portfolio. |
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The adjustments to historical loss experience are based on an evaluation of several qualitative and environmental factors, including: |
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· changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collections, charge-off and recovery practices; |
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· changes in international, national, and local economic trends; |
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· changes in the types of loans in the loan portfolio; |
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· changes in the experience and ability of personnel in the mortgage loan origination and loan servicing departments; |
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· changes in the number and amount of delinquent loans and classified assets; |
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· changes in the type and volume of loans being originated; |
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· changes in the value of underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans; |
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· changes in any concentration of credit; and |
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· external factors such as competition, legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in the existing loan portfolio. |
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The Company also uses historical loss rates adjusted for qualitative and environmental factors to establish loan loss allowances for the following portfolio segments: |
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· home equity loans and lines of credit; and |
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· consumer and other loans. |
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The Company has a limited loss experience for the construction, commercial and other mortgage segment of the loan portfolio. The loan loss allowance on this portfolio segment is determined using the loan loss rate of other financial institutions in the State of Hawaii. The allowance for loan loss is calculated by multiplying the loan loss rate of other financial institutions in the state by the total loans in this segment of the Company’s loan portfolio. |
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In addition, the unallocated allowance is established to provide for probable losses that have been incurred as of the reporting date but are not reflected in the allocated allowance. |
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While the Company uses the best information available to make evaluations, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary if conditions differ substantially from the information used in making the evaluations. In addition, as an integral part of their examination process, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency will periodically review the allowance for loan losses. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency may require the Company to increase the allowance based on their analysis of information available at the time of their examination. |
Transfer of Financial Assets | ' |
(j) Transfer of Financial Assets |
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Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control is surrendered. Control is surrendered when the assets have been isolated from the Company, the transferee obtains the right to pledge or exchange the assets without constraint, and the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets. Mortgage loans sold for cash are accounted for as sales as the above criteria have been met. |
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Mortgage loans may also be packaged into securities that are issued and guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises. The Company receives 100% of the mortgage-backed securities issued. Securitizations are not accounted for as sales and no gain or loss is recognized. The mortgage-backed securities received in securitizations are valued at amortized cost and classified as held-to-maturity. |
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Mortgage loan transfers accounted for as sales and securitizations are without recourse, except for normal representations and warranties provided in sales transactions, and the Company may retain the related rights to service the loans. The retained servicing rights create mortgage servicing assets that are accounted for in accordance with the Transfers and Servicing topic of the FASB ASC. Mortgage servicing assets are initially valued at fair value and subsequently at the lower of cost or fair value and are amortized in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income. The Company uses a discounted cash flow model to determine the fair value of retained mortgage servicing rights. Prior to 2010, we retained the servicing rights on residential mortgage loans sold. In 2010, we began selling loans primarily on a servicing-released basis. |
Premises and Equipment | ' |
(k) Premises and Equipment |
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Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is principally computed on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. The estimated useful life of buildings and improvements is 30 years, furniture, fixtures, and equipment is 3 to 10 years, and automobiles are 3 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. |
Income Taxes | ' |
(l) Income Taxes |
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The Company files consolidated federal income tax and consolidated state franchise tax returns. |
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Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized using the asset and liability method of accounting for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. |
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We establish income tax contingency reserves for potential tax liabilities related to uncertain tax positions. A liability for income tax uncertainties would be recorded for unrecognized tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions where it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by a taxing authority. |
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As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had not recognized a liability for income tax uncertainties in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Management concluded that a liability for income tax uncertainties is not expected to be recorded within the next 12 months. |
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Tax years 2010 to 2012 currently remain subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and by the Department of Taxation of the State of Hawaii. |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | ' |
(m) Impairment of Long-Lived Assets |
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Long-lived assets, such as premises and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in the consolidated balance sheets and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. |
Pension Plan | ' |
(n) Pension Plan |
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Pension benefit costs (returns) are charged (credited) to salaries and employee benefits expense, and the corresponding prepaid (accrued) pension cost is recorded in prepaid expenses and other assets or accounts payable and accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s policy is to fund pension costs in amounts that will not be less than the minimum funding requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and will not exceed the maximum tax-deductible amounts. The Company generally funds at least the net periodic pension cost, subject to limits and targeted funded status as determined with the consulting actuary. |
Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) | ' |
(o) Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) |
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The cost of shares issued to the ESOP, but not yet allocated to participants, is shown as a reduction of stockholders’ equity. Compensation expense is based on the market price of shares as they are committed to be released to participant accounts. Dividends on allocated ESOP shares reduce retained earnings; dividends on unearned ESOP shares reduce debt and accrued interest. |
Earnings Per Share | ' |
(p) Earnings Per Share |
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Basic earning per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the sum of the weighted-average number of shares outstanding plus the dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock. ESOP shares not committed to be released are not considered outstanding. |
Common Stock Repurchase Program | ' |
(q) Common Stock Repurchase Program |
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In 2013, 2011 and 2010, the Company adopted common stock repurchase programs in which shares repurchased reduce the amount of shares issued and outstanding. The repurchased shares may be reissued in connection with share-based compensation plans and for general corporate purposes. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had accumulated repurchases of 2,528,259 and 1,684,171 shares, respectively, of the total 2,699,253 and 1,867,253 shares authorized by the Board of Directors, respectively. During 2013 and 2012, shares were repurchased at an average cost of $22.58 and $21.52, respectively. |
Bank-Owned Life Insurance | ' |
(r) Bank-Owned Life Insurance |
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The Company’s investment in bank-owned life insurance is based on cash surrender value. The Company invests in bank-owned life insurance to provide a funding source for benefit plan obligations. Bank-owned life insurance also generally provides noninterest income that is nontaxable. Federal regulations generally limit the investment in bank-owned life insurance to 25% of the Company’s Tier 1 capital plus the allowance for loan losses. At December 31, 2013, this limit was $50.4 million, and the Company had invested $40.2 million in bank-owned life insurance at that date. |
Use of Estimates | ' |
(s) Use of Estimates |
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The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amount of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the allowance for loan losses; valuation of certain investment securities and determination as to whether declines in fair value below amortized cost are other than temporary; valuation allowances for deferred income tax assets; mortgage servicing assets; and assets and obligations related to employee benefit plans. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. |
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements | ' |
(t) Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements |
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In June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) amended the Comprehensive Income topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC). The amendment eliminated the option of presenting components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity. Nonowner changes in stockholders’ equity must be presented either in a continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. The amendment was effective for interim or annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011, with early adoption permitted. In December 2011, the FASB deferred the effective date of the part of this amendment requiring reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income to be shown on the face of the financial statements to allow time for further deliberation. Until final reporting requirements were effective, previous disclosure requirements would remain in effect. The Company adopted this amendment on January 1, 2012, and other than the location of disclosures related to other comprehensive income, the adoption did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements. In February 2013, the FASB finalized the reporting requirements for reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income. When an amount reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income is required to be reported in net income in its entirety, the effect on income statement items must be disclosed. When an amount reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income is not required to be reported in net income in its entirety in the same period, cross references to other required disclosures providing information about the transaction are required. This amendment was effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2012. The Company adopted this amendment on January 1, 2013 and the adoption did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements. |
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In December 2011, the FASB amended the Balance Sheet topic of the FASB ASC. The amendment requires disclosures about the gross and net information related to instruments and transactions eligible for offset in the statement of financial position. The disclosures are meant to assist users of financial statements to more easily compare information that is presented based on the differing offsetting requirements of U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and International Financial Reporting Standards. In January 2013, the FASB issued a clarification that stated the amendment applies only to certain derivatives, repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and securities lending transactions that are either offset or subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement. The amendment was effective for interim and annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013. The Company adopted this amendment on January 1, 2013 and the adoption did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements. |
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In January 2014, the FASB amended the Receivables topic of the FASB ASC. The amendment clarifies when an in substance repossession or foreclosure occurs and when a mortgage loan should be derecognized and the related real property recognized. The amendment also requires disclosures about the amount of foreclosed residential real property held and the recorded investment in mortgage loans collateralized by residential real property in the process of foreclosure. The amendment is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2014, with early adoption allowed. The Company does not expect the adoption of this amendment to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements. |