Stockholders’ Equity | 8. Stockholders’ Equity Common Stock and Equity Payable 2023 On January 31, 2023 a total of 545,012 On March 27, 2023 a total of 154,106 166,432 44,325 On March 27, 2023 a total of 9,651 10,423 2,757 On March 31, 2023 a total of $ 195,171 180,715 10,315 On March 31, 2023 a total of $ 10,196 9,441 542 During March of 2023, 15 3,587,487 1.00 3,587,487 1,792,745 2.00 577,000 63 0.3216 On June 30, 2023 a total of $ 196,148 181,620 On June 30, 2023 a total of $ 10,309 9,546 During the six months ended June 30, 2023 a total of 163,757 As of the June 30, 2023 we had an equity payable balance of $ 307,318 2024 On June 30, 2024 a total of $ 445,379 1,093,267 On June 30, 2024 a total of $ 20,617 50,609 During the six months ended June 30, 2024 no 465,996 As of the six months ended June 30, 2024 we had an equity payable balance of $ 1,455,943 Stock-based Plans Stock Option Activity The following table summarizes stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Share Based Payment Arrangement Options Activity Options Outstanding at December 31, 2022 6,691,216 Granted 2,678,500 Exercised — Forfeited/canceled (329,893 ) Expired (1,742,468 ) Outstanding at December 31, 2023 7,297,355 Granted 250,000 Exercised — Forfeited/canceled (980,520 ) Expired (2,128,335 ) Outstanding at June 30, 2024 4,438,500 2023 On May 11, 2023 the Company granted three employees 295,000 options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at the closing price as of May 11, 2023 of $ 0.98 per share. The option shares will vest 25 % on the first anniversary of the grant, then equally in 36 monthly installments thereafter, and are exercisable until May 16, 2033. The total estimated value using the Black-Scholes Model, based on a volatility rate of 75.76 % and an option fair value of $ 0.705183 was $ 208,029 . 2024 On April 1, 2024, the Company granted two 250,000 0.502 25 36 73.63 0.212377 53,094 Stock-Based Compensation Expense from Stock Options and Warrants The impact on our results of operations of recording stock-based compensation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows: Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense 2024 2023 2024 2023 Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 General and administrative $ 3,224 $ 53,750 $ (39,103 ) $ 118,783 Sales and marketing 88,283 71,796 196,145 140,442 Engineering, research, and development 39,907 38,029 87,032 72,504 Total $ 131,414 $ 163,575 $ 244,074 $ 331,729 Valuation Assumptions The fair value of each stock option award was calculated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The following weighted average assumptions were used for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. Schedule of Stock Options Valuation Assumptions Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 2023 Risk-free interest rate 4.72 % 3.37 % Expected life (years) 7.00 7.00 Expected dividend yield 7.00 % — % Expected volatility 73.63 % 75.76 % The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon published interest rates appropriate for the expected life of our employee stock options. The expected life of the stock options represents the weighted-average period that the stock options are expected to remain outstanding and was determined based on the historical experience of similar awards, giving consideration to the contractual terms of the stock-based awards, vesting schedules and expectations of future employee behavior as influenced by changes to the terms of the Company’s stock-based awards. The dividend yield assumption is based on our history of not paying dividends and no future expectations of dividend payouts. The expected volatility in 2024 and 2023 is based on the historical publicly traded price of our common stock. Restricted stock units The following table summarizes restricted stock unit activity under our stock-based plans for the year ended December 31, 2023 and for the six months ended June 30, 2024: Schedule of Restricted Stock Unit Activity Shares Outstanding at December 31, 2022 1,929,933 Awarded 414,104 Released (545,012 ) Canceled/forfeited/expired — Outstanding at December 31, 2023 1,799,025 Awarded 349,710 Released — Canceled/forfeited/expired — Outstanding at June 30, 2024 2,148,735 Expected to vest at June 30, 2024 2,148,735 Vested at June 30, 2024 2,148,735 Unvested at June 30, 2024 — Unrecognized expense at June 30, 2024 $ — 2023 On March 31, 2023, the Company granted four 61,342 65,002 1.05 On June 30, 2023, the Company granted four 80,160 65,003 0.81 In the six months ended June 30, 2023 the Company recorded $ 130,005 2024 On March 31, 2024 the company granted five 162,500 81,250 .50 On June 30,2024 the company granted five 187,210 81,249 .434 In the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company recorded $ 162,499 Stock Based Compensation from Restricted Stock The impact on our results of operations of recording stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows: Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense 2024 2023 2024 2023 Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 General and administrative $ 81,249 $ 65,002 $ 162,499 $ 130,005 Total $ 81,249 $ 65,002 $ 162,499 $ 130,005 As of June 30, 2024, there was no Warrants The following table summarizes investor warrants as of June 30, 2024 and the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022: Schedule of Investor Warrants Shares Weighted Weighted Average Outstanding at December 31, 2022 6,147,898 $ 1.45 2.27 Granted 9,563,787 $ — — Exercised (5,548,463 ) $ — — Canceled/forfeited/expired — $ — — Outstanding at December 31, 2023 10,163,222 $ 0.94 2.48 Granted 6,791,661 $ — — Exercised — $ — — Canceled/forfeited/expired — $ — — Outstanding at June 30, 2024 16,954,883 $ 0.80 2.87 2023 During March 2023, 15 3,587,487 1.00 3,557,487 3,921,952 2.00 577,000 63 0.3216 2024 During the first quarter of 2024, one 3,291,664 .60 2,250,000 466,594 93 0.1418 During the second quarter of 2024, one 3,499,997 .60 2,100,000 371,242 91 0.1768 |