Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2014 |
Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Significant Accounting Policies | |
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2. Significant Accounting Policies |
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires those responsible for preparing financial statements to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed by the Trust. |
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2.1. Basis of Accounting |
Since the Trust’s inception, the Sponsor determined that the Trust was not an investment company within the scope of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Codification of Accounting Standards, Topic 946, Financial Services—Investment Companies (“Topic 946”). Consequently, the Trust did not prepare its financial statements applying standards applicable to investment companies in accordance with Topic 946, including recording its investment in silver at “fair value” as defined in Topic 946. Instead, the Trust recorded its investment in silver at the lower of cost or fair value in accordance with ASC 330, Inventory and ASC 270, Interim Reporting. |
Following the release of FASB Accounting Standards Update ASU 2013-08, Financial Services—Investments Companies (Topic 946): Amendments to the Scope, Measurement and Disclosure Requirements, the Sponsor has re-evaluated whether the Trust falls within scope and has concluded that for reporting purposes, the Trust is classified as an investment company effective January 1, 2014. The Trust is not registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and is not required to register under such act. |
As a result of the change in the evaluation of investment company status, the Trust must, from January 1, 2014, present its investment in silver at “fair value” as defined in Topic 946. |
The adoption of Topic 946 accounting changed the presentation of the Trust’s financial statements prospectively from January 1, 2014 (the date of the adoption), the most significant aspects of which are as follows: |
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| 1 | Presentation of prior year information has been conformed to the current year accounting standards in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities and Statement of Operations. A Statement of Changes in Net Assets is required and has been presented for the year ended December 31, 2014. | | | | | | | |
| 2 | A Schedule of Investments is required as of December 31, 2014. The Schedule has also been included as of December 31, 2013, for comparative presentation. | | | | | | | |
| 3 | Financial Highlights are required for year ended December 31, 2014. | | | | | | | |
| 4 | As the Trust meets the exemption criteria under Topic 946, a cash flow statement is not required for the year ended December 31, 2014. Since the adoption of the new accounting principle is prospective, the prior years’ statements of cash flows are still presented. | | | | | | | |
| 5 | Required disclosures under Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements, have been included in the footnotes to the financial statements as of December 31, 2014. December 31, 2013 disclosures have also been included for comparative purposes. | | | | | | | |
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The quantitative effect of the adoption of investment company accounting is presented below: |
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| | Value at | | | | Gain / (loss) |
| | 31-Dec-13 | | Value at | | as a result of |
| | at lower of cost | | 1-Jan-14 | | change in |
(Amounts in 000's of US$) | | or market value | | at fair value | | accounting principle |
Investment in silver | | $ | 346,436 | | $ | 346,436 | | $ | - |
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2.2. Valuation of Silver |
The Trust follows the provisions of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ("ASC 820"). ASC 820 provides guidance for determining fair value and requires disclosure regarding the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. |
Silver is held by HSBC Bank Plc (the “Custodian”), on behalf of the Trust at its London, England vaulting premises. Silver is recorded at fair value. Effective from August 15, 2014, CME Group, Inc. has been conducting an electronic, over-the-counter silver bullion auction in London, England to establish a fixing price for an ounce of silver once each trading day, which is disseminated by Thomson Reuters (the “London Silver Price”). As of the date of filing, the London Silver Price is established by the five LBMA-authorized bullion banks and market makers participating in the auction. The “London Metal Price” for silver held by the Trust is the London Silver Price. Prior to August 15, 2014, the Trust utilized the “London Fix” as its benchmark for valuation purposes. The London Fix for silver, which London Silver Market Fixing Ltd. discontinued on August 14, 2014, was the price of an ounce of silver as set by three market making members of the LBMA at approximately 12:00 noon, London time, on each London business day and was widely accepted among silver market participants. |
Realized gains and losses on transfers of silver, or silver distributed for the redemption of Shares, are calculated on a trade date basis using cost. |
Once the value of silver has been determined, the Net Asset Value (the “NAV") is computed by the Trustee by deducting all accrued fees and other liabilities of the Trust, including the remuneration due to the Sponsor (the “Sponsor’s Fee”), from the fair value of the silver and all other assets held by the Trust. |
The table below summarizes the unrealized gains or realized losses on the Trust’s silver holdings as of December 31, 2014 and 2014: |
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(Amounts in 000's of US$) | | 31-Dec-14 | | 31-Dec-13 | | | |
Investment in silver - cost | | $ | 359,027 | | $ | 346,436 | | | |
Unrealized loss on investment in silver | | | -65,154 | | | - | | | |
Investment in silver - fair value | | $ | 293,873 | | $ | 346,436 | | | |
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Effective January 1, 2014, the Trust records its investment in silver at fair value and recognizes changes in fair value of the investment in silver as change in unrealized gain / loss on investment in silver in the Statement of Operations. |
Prior to 2014, the Trust recognized the movements in value of the investment in silver arising from market declines on an interim basis. Increases in the value of the investment in silver through market price recoveries in later interim periods of the same fiscal year were recognized in the later interim period. Increases in value recognized on an interim basis were not permitted to exceed the previously recognized diminution in value. Unrealized losses at December 31, 2013 were crystallized as realized losses, and the average cost of silver was written down to market value. |
The per Share amount of silver exchanged for a purchase or redemption is calculated daily by the Trustee, using the London silver fix to calculate the silver amount in respect of any liabilities for which covering silver sales have not yet been made, and represents the per-Share amount of silver held by the Trust, after giving effect to its liabilities, to cover expenses and liabilities and any losses that may have occurred. |
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2.2. Valuation of Silver (continued) |
Fair Value Hierarchy |
Inputs |
Generally accepted accounting principles establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The three levels of inputs are as follows: |
– | Level 1. | Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the company has the ability to access. | | | | | | | |
– | Level 2. | Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly. These inputs may include quoted prices for the identical instrument on an inactive market, prices for similar instruments and similar data. | | | | | | | |
– | Level 3. | Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability to the extent that relevant observable inputs are not available, representing the company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that a market participant would use in valuing the asset or liability, and that would be based on the best information available. | | | | | | | |
To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in level 3. |
The inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement falls in its entirety is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. |
The investment in silver is classified as a level 2 asset, as the Trust’s investment in silver is calculated using third party pricing sources supported by observable, verifiable inputs. |
The categorization of the Trust’s assets is as shown below: |
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(Amounts in 000's of US$) | | 31-Dec-14 | | 31-Dec-13 | | | |
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Level 2 | | | | | | | | | |
Investment in silver | | $ | 293,873 | | $ | 346,436 | | | |
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There were no re-allocations or transfers between levels during the period. | | | |
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2.3. Silver Receivable and Payable |
Silver receivable or payable represents the quantity of silver covered by contractually binding orders for the creation or redemption of Shares respectively, where the silver has not yet been transferred to or from the Trust’s account. Generally, ownership of the silver is transferred within three days of trade date. There was no silver receivable or payable at December 31, 2014 and 2013. |
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2.4. Creations and Redemptions of Shares |
The Trust expects to create and redeem Shares from time to time, but only in one or more Baskets (a Basket equals a block of 100,000 Shares). The Trust issues Shares in Baskets to Authorized Participants on an ongoing basis. Individual investors cannot purchase or redeem Shares in direct transactions with the Trust. An Authorized Participant is a person who (1) is a registered broker-dealer or other securities market participant such as a bank or other financial institution which is not required to register as a broker-dealer to engage in securities transactions, (2) is a participant in The Depository Trust Company, (3) has entered into an Authorized Participant Agreement with the Trustee and the Sponsor and (4) has established an Authorized Participant Unallocated Account with the Custodian or another silver bullion clearing bank to effect transactions in silver bullion. An Authorized Participant Agreement is an agreement entered into by each Authorized Participant, the Sponsor and the Trustee which provides the procedures for the creation and redemption of Baskets and for the delivery of the silver required for such creations and redemptions. An Authorized Participant Unallocated Account is an unallocated silver account established with the Custodian by an Authorized Participant. |
The creation and redemption of Baskets is only made in exchange for the delivery to the Trust or the distribution by the Trust of the amount of silver represented by the Baskets being created or redeemed, the amount of which is based on the combined NAV of the number of Shares included in the Baskets being created or redeemed determined on the day the order to create or redeem Baskets is properly received. |
Authorized Participants may, on any business day, place an order with the Trustee to create or redeem one or more Baskets. The typical settlement period for Shares is three business days. In the event of a trade date at period end, where a settlement is pending, a respective account receivable and/or payable will be recorded. When silver is exchanged in settlement of redemption, it is considered a sale of silver for financial statement purposes. |
The amount of bullion represented by the Baskets created or redeemed can only be settled to the nearest 1/1000th of an ounce. As a result, the value attributed to the creation or redemption of Shares may differ from the value of bullion to be delivered or distributed by the Trust. In order to ensure that the correct metal is available at all times to back the Shares, the Sponsor accepts an adjustment to its management fees in the event of any shortfall or excess. For each transaction, this amount is not more than 1/1000th of an ounce. |
As the Shares of the Trust are subject to redemption at the option of Authorized Participants, the Trust has classified the outstanding Shares as Redeemable Capital Shares as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 and as Net Assets as of December 31, 2014. The Trust records the redemption value, which represents the maximum obligation (based on NAV per Share) with the difference from historical cost recorded as an offsetting amount to Shareholders’ Equity. |
Changes in the Shares for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are set out below: |
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| | Year | | Year | | | |
| | Ended | | Ended | | | |
(Amounts in 000's of US$, except for Share and per Share data) | | 31-Dec-13 | | 31-Dec-12 | | | |
Number of Redeemable Shares | | | | | | | | | |
Opening balance | | | 18,600,000 | | | 19,100,000 | | | |
Creations | | | 900,000 | | | 1,700,000 | | | |
Redemptions | | | -1,500,000 | | | -2,200,000 | | | |
Closing balance | | | 18,000,000 | | | 18,600,000 | | | |
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Redeemable Shares | | | | | | | | | |
Opening balance | | $ | 551,340 | | $ | 534,305 | | | |
Creations | | | 24,087 | | | 54,303 | | | |
Redemptions | | | -32,844 | | | -64,809 | | | |
Adjustment to redemption value | | | -196,235 | | | 27,541 | | | |
Closing balance | | $ | 346,348 | | $ | 551,340 | | | |
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Redemption value per Share at period end | | $ | 19.24 | | $ | 29.64 | | | |
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2.5. Realized Gains / Losses |
Revenue consists of realized gains / losses resulting from the transfer of silver for Share redemptions and / or to pay expenses. Realized gains / losses are recognized on a trade date basis. |
The primary expense of the Trust is the Sponsor’s Fee, which is paid by the Trust through in-kind transfers of silver to the Sponsor. With respect to expenses not otherwise assumed by the Sponsor, the Trustee will, at the direction of the Sponsor or in its own discretion, sell the Trust’s silver as necessary to pay these expenses. When selling silver to pay expenses, the Trustee will endeavor to sell the smallest amounts of silver needed to pay these expenses in order to minimize the Trust’s holdings of assets other than silver. |
Unless otherwise directed by the Sponsor, when selling silver the Trustee will endeavor to sell at the price established by the London Silver Price. The Trustee will place orders with dealers (which may include the Custodian) through which the Trustee expects to receive the most favorable price and execution of orders. The Custodian may be the purchaser of such silver only if the sale transaction is made at the next London Silver Price, or such other publicly available price that the Sponsor deems fair, in each case as set following the sale order. A gain or loss is recognized based on the difference between the selling price and the cost of the silver sold. Neither the Trustee nor the Sponsor is liable for depreciation or loss incurred by reason of any sale. |
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2.6. Income Taxes |
The Trust is classified as a “grantor trust” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, the Trust itself will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. Instead, the Trust’s income and expenses will “flow through” to the Shareholders, and the Trustee will report the Trust’s proceeds, income, deductions, gains, and losses to the Internal Revenue Service on that basis. |
The Trust has adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740-10, Income Taxes. The Sponsor has evaluated the application of ASC 740-10 to the Trust, to determine whether or not there are uncertain tax positions in its major jurisdictions that require financial statement recognition. Based on this evaluation, the Sponsor has determined no reserves for uncertain tax positions are required to be recorded as a result of the application of ASC 740. As a result, no income tax liability or expense has been recorded in the accompanying financial statements. |
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2.7 Investment in Silver |
Changes in ounces of silver and the respective values for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 are set out below: |
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| | Year | | Year | | Year |
| | Ended | | Ended | | Ended |
(Amounts in 000's of US$, except for ounces data) | | 31-Dec-14 | | 31-Dec-13 | | 31-Dec-12 |
Ounces of silver | | | | | | | | | |
Opening balance | | | 17,765,948.8 | | | 18,413,374.2 | | | 19,263,211.3 |
Creations | | | 1,379,900.5 | | | 890,077.9 | | | 1,684,899.6 |
Redemptions | | | -689,042.60 | | | -1,482,521.10 | | | -2,479,571.60 |
Transfers of silver to pay expenses | | | -55,272.20 | | | -54,982.20 | | | -55,165.10 |
Closing balance | | | 18,401,534.5 | | | 17,765,948.8 | | | 18,413,374.2 |
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Investment in silver | | | | | | | | | |
Opening balance | | $ | 346,436 | | $ | 509,601 | | $ | 524,563 |
Creations | | | 27,119 | | | 24,087 | | | 54,303 |
Redemptions | | | -11,865 | | | -32,844 | | | -73,201 |
Realized (loss) / gain on silver distributed for the redemption of Shares | | | -1,584 | | | -8,241 | | | 5,448 |
Transfers of silver to pay expenses | | | -1,068 | | | -1,360 | | | -1,708 |
Realized (loss) / gain on silver transferred to pay expenses | | | -11 | | | -163 | | | 196 |
Unrealized loss on investment in silver | | | -65,154 | | | - | | | - |
Realized loss on investment in silver | | | - | | | -144,644 | | | - |
Closing balance | | $ | 293,873 | | $ | 346,436 | | $ | 509,601 |
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2.8. Expenses |
The Trust will transfer silver to the Sponsor to pay the Sponsor’s Fee that will accrue daily at an annualized rate equal to 0.45% of the adjusted daily NAV of the Trust, paid monthly in arrears. Presently, the Sponsor is continuing to waive a portion of its fee and reduce the Sponsor’s Fee to 0.30% (which it has done since the Date of Inception). |
The Sponsor has agreed to assume administrative and marketing expenses incurred by the Trust, including the Trustee’s monthly fee and out-of-pocket expenses, the Custodian’s fee and the reimbursement of the Custodian’s expenses, exchange listing fees, United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) registration fees, printing and mailing costs, audit fees and certain legal expenses. |
For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Sponsor’s Fee, net of waiver, was $1,055,956 (December 31, 2013: $1,308,257; December 31, 2012: $1,707,955). |
As a result of the waiver, fees waived for the year ending December 31, 2014 were $527,978 (December 31, 2013: $654,129; December 31, 2012: $853,978). |
At December 31, 2014, $75,911 was payable to the Sponsor (December 31, 2013: $88,391). |
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2.9. Subsequent Events |
In accordance with the provisions set forth in FASB ASC 855-10, Subsequent Events, the Trust’s management has evaluated the possibility of subsequent events existing in the Trust’s financial statements through the issuance date. Management has determined that there are no material events that would require adjustment to or disclosure in the Trust’s financial statements through this date. |
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