Income Taxes | 8. Income Taxes Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 Switzerland $ (279,261) $ 201,268 $ (549,727) $ (70,825) South Africa (2,491) (49,745) (4,817) (101,142) United States (68,933) (211,776) (333,628) (334,861) Brazil - - - - Total Net Loss $ (350,685) $ (60,253) $ (888,172) $ (506,828) Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 Current tax provision: Switzerland $ - $ - $ - $ - South Africa - - - - United States - - - - Brazil - - - - Total current tax provision $ - $ - $ - $ - Deferred tax provision: Switzerland $ (50,263) $ 36,151 $ (98,771) $ (12,560) South Africa (666) (13,901) (1,286) (28,265) United States (24,127) (74,121) (116,770) (117,201) Brazil - - - - Change in valuation allowance 75,056 51,871 216,827 158,026 Total deferred provision - - - - Total $ - $ - $ - $ - The Company has determined that the future tax benefits from net operating losses are not likely to be realized in future periods and a 100 June 30, December 31, 2017 2016 Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carryforwards $ 6,175,869 $ 5,959,069 Less: valuation allowance (6,175,869) (5,959,069) Total $ - $ - United Switzerland South Africa States Brazil Total Statutory rate of tax 8.5%/18 % 28.0 % 35.0 % 25.0 % Three months ended June 30, 2017: Net loss from operations before taxes $ (279,261) $ (2,491) $ (68,933) $ - $ (350,685) As calculated at the statutory rate (50,263) (729) (24,127) - (75,119) Permanent differences - 63 - - 63 Change in valuation reserves 50,263 666 24,127 - 75,056 Provision for income taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Three months ended June 30, 2016: Net loss from operations before taxes $ 201,268 $ (49,745) $ (211,776) $ - $ (60,253) As calculated at the statutory rate 36,151 (13,929) (74,121) - (51,899) Permanent differences - 28 - - 28 Change in valuation reserves (36,151) 13,901 74,121 - 51,871 Provision for income taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Six months ended June 30, 2017: Net loss from operations before taxes $ (549,727) $ (4,817) $ (333,628) $ - $ (888,172) As calculated at the statutory rate (98,771) (1,349) (116,770) - (216,890) Permanent differences - 63 - - 63 Change in valuation reserves 98,771 1,286 116,770 - 216,827 Provision for income taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Six months ended June 30, 2016: Net loss from operations before taxes $ (70,825) $ (101,142) $ (334,861) $ - $ (506,828) As calculated at the statutory rate (12,560) (28,320) (117,201) - (158,081) Permanent differences - 55 - - 55 Change in valuation reserves 12,560 28,265 117,201 - 158,026 Provision for income taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Permanent differences are principally related to loss on disposal of property and equipment, interest and penalties and unallowable expenses. The Company and Group members remain subject to tax examinations for the two years ended December 31, 2016 in Switzerland and South Africa, for the eight years ended December 31, 2016 in the U.S and for the six years ended December 31, 2016 in Brazil. During June 2016, the IRS levied penalties of $ 120,000 |