ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Note: The information contained in this item has been updated for the change to the Company's reportable segments discussed in the Notes to Financial Statements. This item has not been updated for any other changes since the filing of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013. For developments since the filing of the Annual Report on Form 10-K, refer to the documents filed by the Company with the SEC subsequent to the filing of the Annual Report on Form 10-K.
General
We are a non-bank integrated mortgage company focused on the U.S. residential mortgage market. We were initially incorporated in the State of Indiana in January 2005. As a result of an acquisition and subsequent merger with Swain Mortgage Company in 2009, we are now an Ohio corporation. We originate, acquire, sell, finance and service residential mortgage loans. We predominantly sell mortgage loans to the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae" or "FNMA"), to the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac" or "FHLMC") and in Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae" or "GNMA") pools of mortgage backed securities ("MBS"). We also sell mortgage loans to other third-party investors in the secondary market and provide short-term warehouse financing to other residential mortgage loan originators. As of December 31, 2013, we were licensed to originate and service residential mortgage loans in 45 states and Washington, D.C., and we are an approved Seller Servicer of FNMA, FHLMC and GNMA. We intend to become licensed in the final three of the contiguous United States, New York, Vermont and Nevada, in 2014.
Significant Transactions
Acquisition of Crossline Capital, Inc.
On December 19, 2013, we acquired Crossline Capital, Inc. ("Crossline"), a California-based mortgage lender that originates and services residential mortgages. The acquisition of Crossline will allow the Company to increase its origination volume through geographic expansion. Crossline is licensed to originate mortgages in 20 states including Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Utah, Virginia and Washington, and is an approved FNMA Seller Servicer. In addition, Crossline operates two national mortgage origination call centers in Lake Forest, California and Scottsdale, Arizona and also operates retail mortgage origination branches in seven other locations in Southern California. Total consideration for Crossline, which, along with working capital for the business, has or will be funded out of our existing cash resources and line of credit facilities with our warehouse lenders, was $11.5 million, which includes cash consideration of $9.8 million and contingent consideration based primarily on future origination volume estimated to be $1.7 million at the acquisition date. Crossline contributed approximately $21 million in mortgage loan originations during the year ended December 31, 2013 (during the period between the December 19, 2013 acquisition date and December 31, 2013). For additional information regarding this transaction, refer to Note 4, "Business Combinations," to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Acquisition of Wholesale Channel and Retail Assets from Nationstar Mortgage Holdings, Inc.
On November 29, 2013, we acquired the wholesale lending channel and certain distributed retail assets of Nationstar Mortgage Holdings Inc. ("Nationstar"). The acquisition of Nationstar’s wholesale lending channel and retail assets complement our existing wholesale and retail channels and accelerates our geographic retail channel expansion. In the acquisition, we agreed to purchase the assets and offer employment to certain employees associated with these businesses. The cash purchase price for the assets acquired from Nationstar was $0.5 million, which, along with working capital for the business, was funded out of our existing cash resources and line of credit facilities with our warehouse lenders. For additional information regarding this transaction, refer to Note 4, "Business Combinations," to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Initial Public Offering
On October 16, 2013, we completed our initial public offering of 8,165,000 shares of common stock (including 1,065,000 shares exercised pursuant to an overallotment option granted to the underwriters) at a price to the public of $16.00 per share, resulting in net proceeds of $123.9 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $6.7 million. In addition, we incurred $3.3 million of issuance costs associated with the initial public offering. We intend to use the net proceeds of our initial public offering to make investments related to our business and for other general corporate purposes. Additionally, we may choose to expand our business through acquisitions of or investments in other businesses using cash or shares of our common stock.
Launch of Non-Agency Jumbo Loans
During the third quarter of 2013, we launched our non-agency jumbo loan program, which includes mortgage loans exceeding the conforming loan limits of FNMA and FHLMC (the "GSEs"). Under current limits, a jumbo loan represents a mortgage loan of more than $417,000, or, in certain geographic markets where homes are considered high cost, a mortgage loan of more than $625,500. During the year ended December 31, 2013, our non-agency jumbo loan originations totaled $7.4 million. We expect our non-agency jumbo loan originations to grow in the future as we expand into new geographies and continue our marketing efforts related to this program. During the year ended December 31, 2013, we entered into loan sale agreements with two additional financial institutions, expanding our capability to sell non-agency jumbo loans direct to secondary market investors.
Private Offering
On May 15, 2013, we completed a private offering of 6,388,889 shares of common stock at a per-share price of $18.00, resulting in net proceeds of $107.3 million after deducting the initial purchaser's discount and placement fee of approximately $7.7 million. In addition, we incurred $2.7 million of issuance costs associated with the private offering. We used the net proceeds of our private offering to make investments related to our business and for other general corporate purposes.
Acquisition of Assets from NattyMac, LLC
On August 30, 2012, we acquired all rights, title and interest in the assets of the NattyMac, LLC ("NattyMac") single-family mortgage loan warehousing business for total consideration of $2.6 million, which included cash consideration of $512 thousand and contingent consideration based on future funding volume estimated to be $2.1 million at the acquisition date. Founded in 1994 in St. Petersburg, FL, NattyMac operated as an independent mortgage warehouse lender focused on financing prime mortgage loans that were committed for purchase by GSEs. NattyMac’s strong reputation in the mortgage banking industry, along with its warehouse financing platform and experienced staff, has complemented the Company’s existing business and allowed the Company to provide an additional source of funding to its correspondent customers beginning in the third quarter of 2013. We are currently financing NattyMac’s warehouse lending operations through the use of cash on hand and our existing financing facilities and continue to explore alternative financing opportunities. For additional information related to this acquisition, refer to Note 4, “Business Combinations,” to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Change in Accounting for Mortgage Servicing Rights
Effective January 1, 2013, the Company irrevocably elected to account for the subsequent measurement of its existing mortgage servicing rights ("MSRs") using the fair value method, whereby the MSRs are initially recorded on our balance sheet at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recorded in earnings during the period in which the changes in fair value occur. We believe that accounting for the MSRs at fair value best reflects the impact of current market conditions on our MSRs, and our investors and other users of our financial statements will have greater insight into management’s views as to the value of our MSRs at each reporting date. Prior to January 1, 2013, the Company accounted for the subsequent measurement of its MSRs at the lower of amortized cost or estimated fair value (the “amortization method”), whereby the MSRs were initially recorded on our balance sheet at fair value and subsequently amortized in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income. In addition, under the amortization method, the carrying value of the MSRs was periodically assessed for impairment at each balance sheet date. In accordance with the applicable GAAP guidance, this change in accounting principle was accounted for on a prospective basis (financial statement periods prior to 2013 have not been restated). We did not record a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2013, as the net amortized carrying value of the existing MSRs as of January 1, 2013 equaled the fair value at such date due to MSR impairment charges recorded during 2012. Beginning with January 1, 2013, the net changes in the fair value in our MSRs are reported in our consolidated statement of operations within “Changes in mortgage servicing rights valuation.”
Recent Developments
Acquisition of Medallion Mortgage Company
On February 4, 2014, we completed our acquisition of Medallion Mortgage Company ("Medallion"), a residential mortgage originator based in southern California. Medallion originated more than $400 million in mortgage loans during the year ended December 31, 2013 through its California and Utah locations, serving customers with an extensive portfolio of residential real estate loan programs. The acquisition of Medallion included 10 offices along the southern and central coast of
California, Utah and a new operations center in Ventura, California. In the acquisition of Medallion, we agreed to purchase certain assets, assume certain liabilities and offer employment to certain employees. The cash consideration for this acquisition was $0.3 million. Consideration yet to be paid for this acquisition also includes contingent consideration based upon future origination volume, for which we have not yet determined the acquisition date fair value. The contingent consideration is conditional upon Medallion achieving certain predetermined minimum mortgage loan origination goals during the two year period following the acquisition date and is uncapped in amount. Total consideration for Medallion, which, along with working capital for the business, will be funded out of our existing cash resources.
We believe there are opportunities to grow our business through acquisitions, and we actively explore potential acquisition opportunities in the ordinary course of our business. Potential acquisitions may include acquisitions of retail and wholesale mortgage originators, MSRs relating to residential mortgage loans, servicing platforms and originations platforms, as well as other assets and liabilities or businesses in related lines of business. We may fund these potential acquisitions through a combination of cash on hand, issuances of our common stock and/or issuances of debt.
Overview
We are a non-bank integrated mortgage company that derives revenue from three principal sources: mortgage origination, mortgage servicing and mortgage financing. Our mortgage origination business generates income primarily through origination fees and gains upon the sale of mortgage loans sourced through our correspondent, wholesale and retail channels. We also provide financing to our correspondent customers and others while they are accumulating loans prior to selling them to aggregators, including ourselves, through our mortgage financing business and we earn interest and fee income for these services. We also have the ability to retain the MSRs on the loans we sell and to create a recurring servicing income stream in our mortgage servicing business. We believe our three business lines are complementary and provide us with the ability to effectively and efficiently source, finance, sell and service mortgage loans.
Mortgage Originations
Our mortgage origination business primarily originates and sells residential mortgage loans, which conform to the underwriting guidelines of the GSEs and government agencies. We also originate and sell jumbo loans, i.e., loans that conform to the underwriting guidelines of the GSEs, except that they exceed the maximum loan size allowed for single unit properties.
We offer the following mortgage loan products:
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◦ | Prime1 Conforming Mortgage Loans: Prime credit quality first-lien mortgage loans (i.e. mortgage loans that, in the event of default, have priority over all other liens or claims) secured by single-family residences that meet or “conform” to the underwriting standards established by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac for inclusion in their guaranteed mortgage securities programs. |
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◦ | Prime1 Non-Conforming Mortgage Loans: Prime credit quality first-lien mortgage loans secured by single-family residences that either (i) do not conform to the underwriting standards established by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, because they have original principal amounts exceeding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac limits, which are commonly referred to as jumbo mortgage loans, or (ii) have alternative documentation requirements and property or credit-related features (e.g., higher loan-to-value ("LTV") or debt-to-income ratios (“DTI”)) but are otherwise considered prime credit quality due to other compensating factors. |
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◦ | Government Mortgage Loans: First-lien mortgage loans secured by single-family residences that are insured by the Federal Housing Administration ("FHA") or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration ("VA") and securitized into Ginnie Mae securities. |
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◦ | Non-prime Mortgage Loans: First-lien and certain junior lien mortgage loans secured by single-family residences, made to individuals with credit profiles that do not qualify for a prime loan, have credit-related features that fall outside the parameters of traditional prime mortgage loans or have performance characteristics that otherwise expose us to comparatively higher risk of loss. |
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◦ | Prime1 Second-Lien Mortgage Loans: Open- and closed-end mortgage loans (i.e. mortgage loans that do, in the case of an open-end loan, or do not, in the case of a closed-end loan, allow the borrower to increase the amount of the mortgage at a later time) secured by a second or more junior lien on single-family residences, which include home equity mortgage loans. |
1 We generally consider prime mortgage loans to be those with FICO scores greater than 620.
We originate residential mortgage loans through three channels: correspondent, wholesale and retail. Although the majority of our originations are currently through our correspondent channel, our presence in the wholesale and retail channels
makes our platform both diversified and scalable. While the channels are diverse, we constantly focus on quality control and maintaining high underwriting standards. We perform diligence on and underwrite loans through our proprietary technology platform, Online Loan Information Exchange ("OLIE"), an integrated, automated risk-based due diligence engine that automates the review process by applying business rules specific to the loan and the seller. We analyze credit, collateral and compliance risk on every loan on a pre-funding or a pre-purchase basis in order to ensure that each loan meets our investors’ standards and any applicable regulatory rules. We also capture loan data and documents associated with the loan from application through sale/securitization and servicing, giving us the ability to run additional business rules that provide indication of loan performance. We believe that the ability to offer greater transparency and data to institutional investors that purchase our loans or securities backed by our loans will provide us with a substantial advantage over our competitors in our sales executions as the mortgage market continues to evolve and we begin to securitize our own non-Agency mortgage loans.
Our three mortgage loan originations channels are discussed in more detail below.
Correspondent Channel
We acquire newly originated loans conforming to the underwriting standards of the GSEs or government agencies as well as non-Agency mortgage loans conforming to the standards of our investors from our network of correspondents across 45 states plus Washington, D.C. We identify our correspondent customers through a team of relationship managers who are responsible for signing-up customers and ensuring that we receive an adequate share of their origination volume. In addition to competitive pricing, we offer our correspondents access to a state-of-the-art technology platform, funding through our financing platform NattyMac including access to innovative financing programs, as well as a timely and transparent process of acquiring their loans. In return, our correspondents provide us with high quality products that meet our underwriting standards. We track the performance of our correspondents on a score-card and terminate relationships where quality and other requirements are not met. We believe that our programs offer correspondents an attractive value proposition, including greater access to capital and liquidity, as they seek to maintain and grow their businesses. As a testament to our relationship management and product offering, our correspondent origination volume has increased from $2.0 billion during the year ended December 31, 2012 to $6.4 billion during the year ended December 31, 2013, or by 215%.
Our growth has been driven by adding new correspondents as well as deepening relationships with existing correspondents. Our correspondent channel represented 74%, 59% and 35% of our mortgage originations for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011. We conduct financial, operational and risk reviews of each correspondent prior to initially approving them as a customer and on an annual basis to ensure compliance with our guidelines and those of the various regulators who govern our business. In addition, we conduct background and financial reviews of the principals and their mortgage loan officers, and in some cases require personal guarantees. We believe that as we receive licenses in additional states and continue to increase our coverage of correspondents, we will continue to increase our market share.
Wholesale Channel
Through our wholesale channel, we originate loans through a network of approximately 1,115 non-exclusive relationships with various approved mortgage companies and mortgage brokers. This channel accounted for 19%, 26% and 35% of our originations for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011. Mortgage brokers identify applicants, help them complete a loan application, gather required information and documents, and act as our liaison with the borrower during the lending process. We review and underwrite an application submitted by a broker, accept or reject the application, determine the range of interest rates and other loan terms, and fund the loan upon acceptance by the borrower and satisfaction of all conditions to the loan in much the same manner as our retail channel. By relying on brokers to market our products and assist the borrower throughout the loan application process, we can increase loan volume through our wholesale channel with proportionately lower increases in overhead costs compared with the costs of increasing loan volume through loan originations in our retail channels.
We provide a variety of Agency, government insured and non-Agency mortgage loan products to our brokers to allow them to better service their borrowers. Before approving a mortgage broker for business, we focus on several attributes including origination volume, quality of originations and tangible net worth. We also conduct financial and background checks on the principals and their mortgage loan officers through various third-party sources and in some cases we require personal guarantees. Once we begin acquiring loans from our mortgage brokers, we track the performance of the loans on an on-going basis and terminate business relationships if the loans consistently do not perform or if there is evidence of misrepresentation. During the year ended December 31, 2013, we did not terminate any significant relationships due to our continued focus on underwriting loans and ensuring compliance with policies.
Retail Channel
As of December 31, 2013, our retail channel primarily operated through 47 retail offices across 20 states. In this channel, company representatives originate loans through their relationships with local real estate agents, builders,
telemarketing and other local contacts. This channel accounted for 7%, 15% and 30% of our 2013, 2012 and 2011 originations, respectively. We expect to continue to open additional new retail branches for at least the next 24 months. In addition, we expect that with the continued transformation of the mortgage sector there will be opportunities to acquire small retail mortgage operators as several independent mortgage originators will lack the scale to profitably originate and sell mortgages. We believe that we could provide a solution to such operators by acquiring and integrating them into our branch network. We are currently actively evaluating opportunities to acquire several of these retail originators and believe that the continued development and growth of our retail channel is central to our business strategy.
Mortgage Servicing
Our mortgage servicing business is organized to maintain a high quality servicing portfolio and keep delinquency rates below the industry average. We perform loan administration, collection and default activities, including the collection and remittance of loan payments, responding to customer inquiries, accounting for principal and interest, holding custodial (impound) funds for the payment of property taxes and insurance premiums, counseling delinquent mortgagors, modifying loans and supervising foreclosures and our property dispositions.
Our servicing model is also very focused on “recapture,” which involves actively working with existing borrowers to refinance their mortgage loans. When a loan is paid off or refinanced with a different lender, we lose the servicing fees on the loan, so our ability to recapture loans successfully is important to the longevity of our servicing cash flows. Because the refinanced loans typically have lower interest rates or lower monthly payments, and, in general, subsequently refinance more slowly and default less frequently, these refinancings also typically improve the overall quality of our servicing portfolio.
Our servicing business produces strong recurring, contractual fee-based revenue with minimal credit risk. Servicing fees are primarily based on the aggregate unpaid principal balance ("UPB") of the loans serviced and the payment structure varies by loan source and type. These include differences in rate of servicing fees as a percentage of UPB and in the structure of advances. We believe our origination business gives us a distinct advantage in building a high-quality portfolio of MSRs over those who rely heavily on purchasing MSRs from others to build their portfolios as originated portfolios generally perform better given the extensive diligence and underwriting procedures that we apply to each loan.
We service loans using a model designed to improve loan performance and reduce loan defaults and foreclosures. Our servicing portfolio consists of MSRs we retain from loans that we originate and MSRs we acquire from third party originators, including in transactions facilitated by GSEs. The loans we service are typically securitized by us, i.e., the loans have been pooled together with multiple other loans and interests have been sold to third party investors that are secured by loans in the securitization pool.
The table below contains information related to the mortgage loans in our servicing portfolio as of December 31, 2013 and 2012:
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| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| | 2013 | | 2012 |
Servicing portfolio ($UPB in thousands) | | $ | 11,923,510 |
| | $ | 4,145,340 |
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Weighted average coupon | | 3.84 | % | | 3.86 | % |
Weighted average age (in months) | | 10.0 |
| | 9.0 |
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90+ day delinquency rate | | 0.36 | % | | 0.44 | % |
Weighted average FICO score | | 739 |
| | 744 |
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Gross constant prepayment rate 1 | | 6.48 | % | | 15.01 | % |
Adjusted constant prepayment rate 2 | | 5.05 | % | | 9.26 | % |
1 Represents the rate at which a pool of mortgage loans' remaining balance is prepaid each month. The rate is calculated on an annualized basis and expressed as a percentage of the outstanding principal balance.
2 Represents the constant prepayment rate, reduced by the amount of prepaid mortgage loans recaptured by our origination channels. The rate then expresses that percentage of "net prepaid loans" as an annualized percentage of the period beginning outstanding principal balance.
Mortgage Financing
We acquired our financing platform, known as NattyMac, in August 2012, and fully integrated the platform into our mortgage banking operations in December of 2012. Founded in 1994, NattyMac earlier operated as an independent mortgage warehouse lender focused on financing prime mortgage collateral, such as Agency-eligible, government insured and government guaranteed loans that were committed for purchase by GSEs. In June 2013, we consolidated our NattyMac financing platform into a wholly-owned subsidiary which will focus on providing warehouse financing to our correspondent customers and others. We expect that NattyMac will be able to leverage our proprietary technology and our existing due
diligence and underwriting processes to efficiently underwrite the warehouse lines of credit it provides for our correspondents who are its customers and others. We are currently financing NattyMac’s warehouse lending operations through the use of cash on hand and our existing financing facilities and continue to explore alternative financing opportunities. We intend for this to create an additional source of funding for our correspondents to originate mortgage loans that meet our underwriting requirements and are eligible for us and other investors to purchase.
Our financing platform features a centralized custodian and disbursement agent allowing us to enter into participation arrangements with financial institutions, such as regional banks, for an interest in our newly originated loans during the time these loans would otherwise be funded by a warehouse line or traditional repurchase facility. Additionally, by offering regional banks an opportunity to invest in a liquid high-quality asset, we are able to earn net interest income. We believe that regional banks continue to have significant appetite for such investment opportunities and we believe our financing platform allows us to compete with bank-owned mortgage lenders who have access to cheaper deposit funding.
Employees
As of December 31, 2013, we had 1,219 employees, all of whom are based in the United States. We are not aware that any of our employees is a member of any labor union, we are not subject to any collective bargaining agreement and we have never experienced any business interruption as a result of any labor dispute.
Regulation
Our business is subject to extensive federal, state and local regulation. Our loan originations, loan servicing and debt collection operations are primarily regulated at the state level by state licensing authorities and administrative agencies. Because we do business in 45 states and Washington, D.C., we, along with certain of our employees who engage in regulated activities, must apply for licensing as a mortgage banker or lender, loan servicer, mortgage loan originator and/or debt default specialist, pursuant to applicable state law. These laws typically require that we file applications and pay certain processing fees to be approved to operate in a particular state, and that our principals and loan originators be subject to background checks, administrative review and continuing education requirements. Our mortgage servicing business is licensed (or maintains an appropriate statutory exemption) to service mortgage loans in 45 states and Washington D.C. Our retail loan origination channel is licensed to originate loans in the states in which it operates, and our direct origination channel is licensed to originate loans in 45 states and Washington D.C. From time to time, we receive requests from states and other agencies for records, documents and information regarding our policies, procedures and practices regarding our loan originations, loan servicing and debt collection business activities, and we are subject to periodic examinations by state regulatory agencies. We incur significant ongoing costs to comply with these licensing requirements.
While the U.S. federal government does not primarily regulate mortgage lenders or their employees, the federal Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act of 2008 requires all states to enact laws requiring each individual who takes mortgage loan applications, or who offers or negotiates terms of a residential mortgage loan, to be individually licensed or registered as a mortgage loan originator. These laws require each mortgage loan originator to enroll in the Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System, apply for individual licenses with the state where they operate, complete a minimum of 20 hours of pre-licensing education and an annual minimum of eight hours of continuing education, and to successfully complete both national and state exams.
In addition to licensing requirements, we must comply with a number of federal consumer protection laws, including, among others:
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◦ | the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which requires us to maintain privacy with respect to certain consumer data in our possession and to periodically communicate with consumers on privacy matters; |
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◦ | the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, which regulates the timing and content of debt collection communications; |
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◦ | the Truth in Lending Act and Regulation Z thereunder, which require certain disclosures to mortgagors regarding the terms of their mortgage loans; |
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◦ | the Fair Credit Reporting Act, which regulates the use and reporting of information related to the credit history of consumers; |
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◦ | the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and Regulation B thereunder, which prohibit discrimination on the basis of age, race and certain other characteristics, in the extension of credit; |
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◦ | the Homeowners Equity Protection Act, which requires, among other things, the cancellation of mortgage insurance once certain equity levels are reached; |
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◦ | the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act and Regulation C thereunder, which require mortgage lenders to report certain public loan data; and |
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◦ | the Fair Housing Act, which prohibits discrimination in housing on the basis of race, sex, national origin, and certain other characteristics. |
Dodd-Frank Act
On July 21, 2010, President Obama signed into law the Dodd-Frank Act which regulates the financial services industry, including securitizations, mortgage originations and mortgage sales. The Dodd-Frank Act also established the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection ("CFPB") to enforce laws involving consumer financial products and services, including mortgage finance. As a mortgage lender and servicer, we are subject to examination and enforcement authority of the CFPB. Because of pending litigation questioning the validity of the appointment of the Director of the CFPB, there is uncertainty as to the enforceability of regulations promulgated by the CFPB and the applicability of certain provisions in the Dodd-Frank Act to mortgage lenders that are not financial institutions. We are evaluating the extent to which the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act will apply to us in the event that the regulations promulgated by the CFPB are nullified.
The Dodd-Frank Act also directs the federal banking agencies and the Securities and Exchange Commission to adopt rules requiring an issuer or other entity creating an asset-backed security (including a mortgage-backed security) to retain an economic interest in a portion of the credit risk for the assets underlying the security. The agencies have proposed a rule that provides sponsors of securitizations with various options for meeting this requirement, including retaining risk equal to at least 5% of each class of asset-backed security, 5% of par value of all asset-backed security interests issued, 5% of a representative pool of assets, or a combination of these options. Under this proposal, asset-backed securities that are collateralized exclusively by qualified residential mortgages would not be subject to these requirements. The proposed rule defines qualified residential mortgages to have the same meaning as the term “qualified mortgage” as defined by the CFPB in connection with its “ability to repay” rule discussed below. The proposed rule also recognizes that the sponsor of a FNMA or FHLMC securitization will satisfy the rule’s risk-retention provisions, at least while those agencies remain in conservatorship or receivership with capital support from the U.S. government, because of their 100% guarantee of principal and interest payable on the sponsored securities. Because substantially all of our loans are sold to, or pursuant to programs sponsored by, FNMA, FHLMC, or GNMA, the current proposal would exempt us from the risk-retention requirements with regard to securities backed by such loans.
We continue to evaluate all aspects of the Dodd-Frank Act and the regulations issued thereunder. The burden associated with monitoring and complying with these regulations could increase our compliance costs and restrict our origination and servicing operations, all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Mortgage Origination
On January 10, 2013, the CFPB issued a final rule implementing the “ability to repay” requirement in the Dodd-Frank Act. The rule, among other things, requires lenders to consider a consumer’s ability to repay a mortgage loan before extending credit to the consumer, and limits prepayment penalties. The rule also establishes certain protections from liability for mortgage lenders with regard to the “qualified mortgages” they originate. For this purpose, the rule defines a “qualified mortgage” to include a loan with a borrower debt-to-income ratio of less than or equal to 43% or, alternatively, a loan eligible for purchase by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac while they operate under Federal conservatorship or receivership, and loans eligible for insurance or guarantee by the FHA, VA or USDA. Additionally, a qualified mortgage may not: (i) contain excess upfront points and fees; (ii) have a term greater than 30 years; or (iii) include interest-only or negative amortization payments. This rule became effective January 10, 2014 and we do not anticipate a significant impact on our mortgage production operations since most of the loans we currently originate would be “qualified mortgages” under the rule.
Mortgage Servicing
On January 17, 2013, the CFPB issued a series of final rules as part of an ongoing effort to address mortgage servicing reforms and create uniform standards for the mortgage servicing industry. The rules increase requirements for communications with borrowers, address requirements around the maintenance of customer account records, govern procedural requirements for responding to written borrower requests and complaints of errors, and provide guidance around servicing of delinquent loans, foreclosure proceedings and loss mitigation efforts, among other measures. These rules became effective on January 10, 2014 and will likely lead to increased costs to service loans across the mortgage industry. We are continuing to evaluate the full impact of these rules and their impact to our mortgage servicing operations.
Several state agencies overseeing the mortgage industry have entered into settlements and enforcement consent orders with mortgage servicers regarding certain foreclosure practices. These settlements and orders generally require servicers,
among other things, to: (i) modify their servicing and foreclosure practices, for example, by improving communications with borrowers and prohibiting dual-tracking, which occurs when servicers continue to pursue foreclosure during the loan modification process; (ii) establish a single point of contact for borrowers throughout the loan modification and foreclosure processes; and (iii) establish robust oversight and controls of third party vendors, including outside legal counsel, that provide default management or foreclosure services on their behalf. Although we are not a party to any of these settlements or consent orders, many mortgage servicers have already voluntarily adopted these servicing and foreclosure standards. Accordingly, competitive pressures will likely compel us to adopt these practices as well.
Anti-Money Laundering
On February 7, 2012, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) finalized regulations that require non-bank residential mortgage lenders and originators to establish anti-money laundering programs and file suspicious activity reports as FinCEN requires of other types of financial institutions. The final rule was published in the Federal Register on February 14, 2012 and was effective 60 days thereafter.
Competition
In our servicing and originations business, we compete with large financial institutions and with other independent residential mortgage loan producers and servicers, such as Wells Fargo & Company, JPMorgan Chase & Co., Bank of America Corporation, Citigroup Inc., Nationstar Mortgage Holdings Inc., PennyMac Financial Services, Inc., Ocwen Financial Corporation, Walter Investment Management Corp., Flagstar Bancorp, Inc. and U.S. Bancorp. These originators and servicers, however, are experiencing higher operating costs and increased capital requirements, thus allowing an opportunity for us to successfully compete and take advantage of growth opportunities in the mortgage sector.
Our mortgage loan origination business faces competition in mortgage loan offerings, rates, fees and level of customer service. Our ability to differentiate the value of our financial products primarily through our mortgage loan offerings, technology platforms, rates, fees and customer service determines our competitive position within the mortgage loan originations industry.
Our servicing business faces competition in areas such as fees and service. Our ability to differentiate ourselves from other loan servicers through our innovative technology platforms largely determines our competitive position within the mortgage loan servicing industry.
In our financing business, we primarily compete with depository institutions that use deposit funds to finance loans. These institutions, however, typically only focus on larger mortgage originations leaving the small- and mid-sized originators to sell mortgage loans to aggregators (a depository institution or non-bank originator, such as ourself) and with recent regulations from the Federal Reserve, competition in this sector will likely decrease. Thus, our financing platform allows us to compete with bank-owned mortgage lenders who have access to cheaper deposit funding and provides us with a competitive advantage over other non-bank mortgage originators and servicers who are reliant on other forms of wholesale financing to fund their operations.
Reportable Segments
Our organization structure is comprised of three operating segments: Originations, Servicing and Financing. These reportable segments are based on our organizational structure, and reflect how the chief operating decision maker manages and evaluates the performance of the business, with a focus on the services performed. Our chief operating decision maker evaluates the performance of each segment based on their individual measurements of income before income taxes. Refer to Note 20, "Segment Information" included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for details related to the asset components, operating revenues, income before income taxes, depreciation and amortization by segment for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011.
We do not have any foreign operations.
Seasonality
Our origination business is subject to seasonal fluctuations, and activity tends to diminish somewhat in the months of December, January and February, when home sales volume and loan origination volumes are at their lowest. This typically causes seasonal fluctuations in our origination business revenue. Our servicing business is not subject to seasonality.
Intellectual Property
We hold registered trademarks with respect to the name Stonegate Mortgage Corporation, our logos and various additional designs and word marks relating to the Stonegate Mortgage Corporation name. Additionally, we own registered
trademarks with respect to the names of NattyMac and Crossline, their logos, and various additional designs and word marks relating to the NattyMac and Crossline names that we acquired via business combinations. We use a variety of methods, such as trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, to protect our intellectual property. We also place appropriate restrictions on our proprietary information to control access and prevent unauthorized disclosures.
Available Information
We are a non-accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("Exchange Act"), and are required, pursuant to Item 101 of Regulation S-K, to provide certain information regarding our website and the availability of certain documents filed with or furnished to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Our Internet website is www.stonegatemtg.com. We have included our Internet website address throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K as textual reference only. The information contained on our Internet website is not incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We make available, free of charge, through our Internet website, our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with or furnish it to the SEC. Our Internet website also provides access to reports filed by our directors, executive officers and certain significant stockholders pursuant to Section 16 of the Exchange Act. We also include on our Internet website our Corporate Governance Guidelines, our Standards of Ethical Business Conduct and the charter of each standing committee of our Board of Directors. In addition, we intend to disclose on our Internet website any amendments to, or waivers from, our Standards of Ethical Business Conduct that are required to be publicly disclosed pursuant to rules of the SEC and the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE"). The SEC also maintains a website, www.sec.gov, that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information that we file electronically with the SEC.
PART II
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data or As Otherwise Stated Herein)
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes as of and for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This MD&A contains forward-looking statements that involve risk, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed in “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. As used in this discussion and analysis, unless the context otherwise requires or indicates, references to “the Company,” “our company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Stonegate Mortgage Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Overview
We are a non-bank integrated mortgage company focused on the U.S. residential mortgage market. We were initially incorporated in the State of Indiana in January 2005. As a result of an acquisition and subsequent merger with Swain Mortgage Company in 2009, we are now an Ohio corporation. We originate, acquire, sell, finance and service residential mortgage loans. We predominantly sell mortgage loans to the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae" or "FNMA"), to the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac" or "FHLMC") and in Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae" or "GNMA") pools of mortgage backed securities ("MBS"). We also sell mortgage loans to other third-party investors in the secondary market and provide short-term warehouse financing to other residential mortgage loan originators. As of December 31, 2013, we were licensed to originate and service residential mortgage loans in 45 states and Washington, D.C., and we are an approved Seller Servicer of FNMA, FHLMC and GNMA. We intend to become licensed in the final three of the contiguous United States, New York, Vermont and Nevada, in 2014.
We derive our revenue from three principal sources: mortgage origination, mortgage servicing and mortgage financing. Our mortgage origination business generates income primarily through origination fees and gains upon the sale of mortgage loans sourced through our correspondent, wholesale and retail channels. We also provide financing to our correspondent customers while they are accumulating loans prior to selling them to aggregators, including ourselves, through our mortgage financing business and we earn interest and fee income for these services. We also have the ability to retain the mortgage servicing rights ("MSRs") on the loans we sell and to create a recurring servicing income stream in our mortgage servicing business. We believe our three business lines are complementary and provide us with the ability to effectively and efficiently source, finance, sell and service mortgage loans.
Mortgage Originations
Our mortgage origination business primarily originates and sells residential mortgage loans, which conform to the underwriting guidelines of the GSEs and government agencies. We also originate and sell jumbo loans, i.e., loans that conform to the underwriting guidelines of the GSEs, except that they exceed the maximum loan size allowed for single unit properties. For additional information regarding the mortgage loan products we offer, refer to the "Mortgage Originations" section included in Part I, Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We originate residential mortgage loans through three channels: correspondent, wholesale and retail. Although the majority of our originations are currently through our correspondent channel, our presence in the wholesale and retail channels makes our platform both diversified and scalable. While the channels are diverse, we constantly focus on quality control and maintaining high underwriting standards. We perform diligence on and underwrite loans through our proprietary technology platform, Online Loan Information Exchange ("OLIE"), an integrated, automated risk-based due diligence engine that automates the review process by applying business rules specific to the loan and the seller. We analyze credit, collateral and compliance risk on every loan on a pre-funding or a pre-purchase basis in order to ensure that each loan meets our investors’ standards and any applicable regulatory rules. We also capture loan data and documents associated with the loan from application through sale/securitization and servicing, giving us the ability to run additional business rules that provide indication of loan performance. We believe that the ability to offer greater transparency and data to institutional investors that purchase our loans or securities backed by our loans will provide us with a substantial advantage over our competitors in our sales executions as the mortgage market continues to evolve and we begin to securitize our own non-Agency mortgage loans. For additional information regarding our mortgage loan origination channels, refer to the "Mortgage Originations" section included in Part I, Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Mortgage Servicing
Our mortgage servicing business is organized to maintain a high quality servicing portfolio and keep delinquency rates far below the industry average. We perform loan administration, collection and default activities, including the collection and remittance of loan payments, responding to customer inquiries, accounting for principal and interest, holding custodial (impound) funds for the payment of property taxes and insurance premiums, counseling delinquent mortgagors, modifying loans and supervising foreclosures and our property dispositions. For additional information regarding our mortgage servicing business, refer to the "Mortgage Servicing" section included in Part I, Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Mortgage Financing
We acquired our financing platform, known as NattyMac, in August 2012, and fully integrated the platform into our mortgage banking operations in December of 2012. Founded in 1994, NattyMac earlier operated as an independent mortgage warehouse lender focused on financing prime mortgage collateral, such as Agency-eligible, government insured and government guaranteed loans that were committed for purchase by GSEs. In June 2013, we consolidated our NattyMac financing platform into a wholly-owned subsidiary which will focus on providing warehouse financing to our correspondent customers and others. We expect that NattyMac will be able to leverage our proprietary technology and our existing due diligence and underwriting processes to efficiently underwrite the warehouse lines of credit it provides for our correspondents who are its customers and others. We are currently financing NattyMac’s warehouse lending operations through the use of cash on hand and our existing financing facilities and continue to explore alternative financing opportunities. We intend for this to create an additional source of funding for our correspondents to originate mortgage loans that meet our underwriting requirements and are eligible for us and other investors to purchase. For additional information regarding our mortgage loan products, refer to the "Mortgage Financing" section included in Part I, Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Market Considerations
Mortgage Originations
Today’s U.S. residential mortgage loan origination sector primarily offers conventional Agency and government conforming mortgage loans. Non-prime and alternative lending programs and products represent only a small fraction of total mortgage loan originations. This dynamic, along with increased capital requirements, increased regulatory and compliance burdens and increased risks associated with repurchase requirements, has led to a consolidation among mortgage lenders in both the retail and wholesale channels and has resulted in less competition. In addition to such consolidation, many mortgage loan originators have exited the market entirely.
Origination volume is impacted by changes in interest rates and the housing market. Overall originations volumes are down significantly in the current economic environment. According to Inside Mortgage Finance, total U.S. residential mortgage originations volume decreased from $3.0 trillion in 2006 to $1.9 trillion in 2013 and is projected to decrease further to an estimated $1.2 trillion during 2014. Depressed home prices and increased loan-to-value ratios may preclude many potential borrowers, including borrowers whose existing mortgage loans we service, from refinancing their existing mortgage loans. An increase in prevailing interest rates could also decrease origination volume.
In addition, there continue to be changes in legislation and licensing in an effort to simplify the consumer mortgage loan experience, which require technological changes and additional implementation costs for mortgage loan originators. We expect legislative changes will continue in the foreseeable future, which may increase our operating expenses. For additional information, see “Regulation” within Part I, Item 1 "Business" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Mortgage Servicing
The mortgage servicing industry is impacted by borrower delinquencies and foreclosure practices, and servicers require a high level of expertise to comply with ongoing mortgage servicing reform and standardization of servicing and foreclosure practices through the industry. The modification of our processes to adopt any new servicing and foreclosure standards may cause an increase in our operating expenses. For additional information, see “Regulation” within Part I, Item 1 "Business" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Recent Industry Trends
Since June 2013, the U.S. residential mortgage industry has experienced an increase in interest rates. Industry-wide mortgage loan originations have declined as the recent increase in interest rates has made the refinancing of mortgage loans less attractive for borrowers. Increasing interest rates can have a direct impact on the operating results of companies in the mortgage
industry, including on our operating results. An increase in interest rates generally could lead to the following, which may in the aggregate have an adverse effect on our results:
| |
• | a reduction in origination and loan lock volumes; |
| |
• | a shift from loan refinancing volume to purchase loan volume; |
| |
• | short-term contraction of the gain on sale margin of mortgage loans including negative fair market value adjustments on locked loans and loans held for sale; |
| |
• | an increase in net interest income from financing (assuming a steeper forward yield curve); |
| |
• | an increase in the value of mortgage servicing rights due to a decline in prepayment expectations; and |
| |
• | a reduction of gains from mortgage loan sales. |
Performance Highlights
| |
• | Revenues of $157,947 for the year ended December 31, 2013, an increase of 69% compared to the year ended December 31, 2012. |
| |
• | Net income of $22,598 for the year ended December 31, 2013, an increase of 32% compared to the year ended December 31, 2012. |
| |
• | Diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) of $1.32 for the year ended December 31, 2013 a decrease of 42% compared to the year ended December 31, 2012. |
| |
• | Mortgage loan originations of $8,706,887 for the year ended December 31, 2013, an increase of 152% compared to the year ended December 31, 2012. |
| |
• | Mortgage servicing portfolio of $11,923,510 as of December 31, 2013, an increase of 188% from December 31, 2012. |
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Our results of operations discussed throughout this MD&A are determined in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). We also calculate adjusted net income and adjusted diluted EPS as performance measures, which are considered non-GAAP financial measures under Regulation G and Item 10(e) of Regulation S-K, to further aid our investors in understanding and analyzing our core operating results and comparing them among periods. Adjusted net income and adjusted diluted EPS exclude certain items that we do not consider part of our core operating results including changes in valuation inputs and assumptions on our MSRs, the bargain purchase gain from our 2012 acquisition of NattyMac, interest expense related to the financing of our term loan with an investor (including warrants issued), certain other non-cash expense items and ramp-up costs associated with the launch of our non-agency jumbo loan origination program and Nationstar business. These ramp-up costs include the advance hiring of servicing and origination staff, recruiting expenses, travel, licensing and legal expenses. In addition, adjusted net income excludes certain other non-routine income and expenses, primarily non-deferrable expenses associated with our private equity and initial public offerings and acquisition costs related to business combinations. These non-GAAP financial measures are not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for income before income taxes, net income or diluted EPS prepared in accordance with GAAP.
In addition, adjusted net income has limitations as an analytical tool, including but not limited to the following:
| |
• | adjusted net income does not reflect our cash expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments; |
| |
• | adjusted net income does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; |
| |
• | adjusted net income does not reflect the cash requirements necessary to service principal payments related to the financing of the business; and |
| |
• | other companies in our industry may calculate adjusted net income differently, thereby limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure. |
Because of these and other limitations, adjusted net income should not be considered as a measure of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. Adjusted net income is a performance measure and is presented to provide additional information about our core operations.
The table below reconciles net income and diluted EPS to adjusted net income and adjusted diluted EPS (which are the most directly comparable GAAP measures) for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, | | 2013 vs. 2012 | | 2012 vs. 2011 |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | | $ Change | | % Change | | $ Change | | % Change |
Net income | $ | 22,598 |
| | $ | 17,085 |
| | $ | 2,335 |
| | $ | 5,513 |
| | 32 | % | | $ | 14,750 |
| | 632 | % |
Adjustments: | | | | | | |
|
| |
|
| | | | |
Interest expense associated with term loan | 1,587 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,587 |
| | N/A |
| | — |
| | N/A |
|
Changes in valuation inputs and assumptions on MSRs | (22,967 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (22,967 | ) | | N/A |
| | — |
| | N/A |
|
Impairment of MSRs | — |
| | 11,698 |
| | 2 |
| | (11,698 | ) | | (100 | )% | | 11,696 |
| | 584,800 | % |
Stock-based compensation expense | 2,579 |
| | 13 |
| | — |
| | 2,566 |
| | 19,738 | % | | 13 |
| | N/A |
|
Ramp-up and other non-routine expenses | 7,386 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 7,386 |
| | N/A |
| | — |
| | N/A |
|
Bargain purchase gain | — |
| | (1,172 | ) | | — |
| | 1,172 |
| | (100 | )% | | (1,172 | ) | | N/A |
|
Acquisition costs | 146 |
| | 406 |
| | — |
| | (260 | ) | | (64 | )% | | 406 |
| | N/A |
|
Tax effect of adjustments | 4,238 |
| | (4,225 | ) | | (1 | ) | | 8,463 |
| | (200 | )% | | (4,224 | ) | | 422,400 | % |
Adjusted net income | $ | 15,567 |
| | $ | 23,805 |
| | $ | 2,336 |
| | $ | (8,238 | ) | | (35 | )% | | $ | 21,469 |
| | 919 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted EPS | $ | 1.32 |
| | $ | 2.26 |
| | $ | 0.59 |
| | $ | (0.94 | ) | | (42 | )% | | $ | 1.67 |
| | 283 | % |
Adjustments: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest expense associated with term loan | 0.09 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 0.09 |
| | N/A |
| | — |
| | N/A |
|
Changes in valuation inputs and assumptions on MSRs | (1.34 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (1.34 | ) | | N/A |
| | — |
| | N/A |
|
Impairment of MSRs | — |
| | 1.56 |
| | — |
| | (1.56 | ) | | (100 | )% | | 1.56 |
| | N/A |
|
Stock-based compensation expense | 0.15 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 0.15 |
| | N/A |
| | — |
| | N/A |
|
Ramp-up and other non-routine expenses | 0.43 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 0.43 |
| | N/A |
| | — |
| | N/A |
|
Bargain purchase gain | — |
| | (0.15 | ) | | — |
| | 0.15 |
| | (100 | )% | | (0.15 | ) | | N/A |
|
Acquisition costs | 0.01 |
| | 0.05 |
| | — |
| | (0.04 | ) | | (80 | )% | | 0.05 |
| | N/A |
|
Tax effect of adjustments | 0.25 |
| | (0.56 | ) | | — |
| | 0.81 |
| | (145 | )% | | (0.56 | ) | | N/A |
|
Adjusted diluted EPS | $ | 0.91 |
| | $ | 3.16 |
| | $ | 0.59 |
| | $ | (2.25 | ) | | (71 | )% | | $ | 2.57 |
| | 436 | % |
Adjusted net income decreased $8,238, or 35%, for the year ended December 31, 2013 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2012. The decrease was primarily attributable to margin compression from an increase in originations from the correspondent channel, which typically has lower profit margins. In addition, higher operating expenses as a result of our rapid growth and expansion caused increases in compensation, facilities and professional services expenses. Adjusted diluted EPS decreased $2.25, or 71%, for the year ended December 31, 2013 as compared to the year ended year ended December 31, 2012. The decrease was primarily attributable to the previously discussed decrease in adjusted net income as well as the dilution associated with higher weighted average shares outstanding as a result of our equity offerings during 2013.
Significant Transactions
Acquisition of Crossline Capital, Inc.
On December 19, 2013, we acquired Crossline Capital, Inc. ("Crossline"), a California-based mortgage lender that originates and services residential mortgages. The acquisition of Crossline will allow the Company to increase its origination volume through geographic expansion. Crossline is licensed to originate mortgages in 20 states including Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Utah, Virginia and Washington, and is an approved FNMA Seller Servicer. In addition, Crossline operates two national mortgage origination call centers in Lake Forest, California and Scottsdale, Arizona and also operates retail mortgage origination branches in seven other locations in Southern California. Total consideration for Crossline, which, along with working capital for the business, has or will be funded out of our existing cash resources and line of credit facilities with our warehouse lenders, was $11,471, which includes cash consideration of $9,765 and contingent consideration based primarily on future origination volume estimated to be $1,706 at the acquisition date. Crossline contributed approximately $20,861 in mortgage loan originations during the year ended December 31, 2013 (during the period between the December 19, 2013 acquisition date and December 31, 2013). For additional information regarding this transaction, refer to Note 4, "Business Combinations," to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Acquisition of Wholesale Channel and Retail Assets from Nationstar Mortgage Holdings, Inc.
On November 29, 2013, we acquired the wholesale lending channel and certain distributed retail assets of Nationstar Mortgage Holdings Inc. ("Nationstar"). The acquisition of Nationstar’s wholesale lending channel and retail assets complement
our existing wholesale and retail channels and accelerates our geographic retail channel expansion. In the acquisition, we agreed to purchase the assets and offer employment to certain employees associated with these businesses. The cash purchase price for the assets acquired from Nationstar was $484, which, along with working capital for the business, was funded out of our existing cash resources and line of credit facilities with our warehouse lenders. For additional information regarding this transaction, refer to Note 4, "Business Combinations," to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Initial Public Offering
On October 16, 2013, we completed our initial public offering of 8,165,000 shares of common stock (including 1,065,000 shares exercised pursuant to an overallotment option granted to the underwriters) at a price to the public of $16.00 per share, resulting in initial net proceeds of $123,928 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $6,712. In addition, we incurred $3,259 of issuance costs associated with the initial public offering. We intend to use the net proceeds of our initial public offering to make investments related to our business and for other general corporate purposes. Additionally, we may choose to expand our business through acquisitions of or investments in other businesses using cash or shares of our common stock.
Launch of Non-Agency Jumbo Loans
During the third quarter of 2013, we launched our non-agency jumbo loan program, which includes mortgage loans exceeding the conforming loan limits of FNMA and FHLMC (the "GSEs"). Under current limits, a jumbo loan represents a mortgage loan of more than $417, or, in certain geographies where homes are considered high cost, a mortgage loan of more than $626. During the year ended December 31, 2013, our non-agency jumbo loan originations totaled $7,387. We expect our non-agency jumbo loan originations to grow in the future as we expand into new geographic markets and continue our marketing efforts related to this program. During the year ended December 31, 2013, we entered into loan sale agreements with two additional financial institutions, expanding our capability to sell non-agency jumbo loans direct to secondary market investors.
Private Offering
On May 15, 2013, we completed a private offering of 6,388,889 shares of common stock at a per-share price of $18.00, resulting in initial net proceeds of $107,300 after deducting the initial purchaser's discount and placement fee of approximately $7,700. In addition, we incurred $2,700 of issuance costs associated with the private offering. We used the net proceeds of our private offering to make investments related to our business and for other general corporate purposes.
Acquisition of Assets from NattyMac, LLC
On August 30, 2012, we acquired all rights, title and interest in the assets of the NattyMac, LLC ("NattyMac") single-family mortgage loan warehousing business for total consideration of $2,607, which included cash consideration of $512 and contingent consideration based on future funding volume estimated to be $2,095 at the acquisition date. Founded in 1994 in St. Petersburg, FL, NattyMac operated as an independent mortgage warehouse lender focused on financing prime mortgage loans that were committed for purchase by GSEs. NattyMac’s strong reputation in the mortgage banking industry, along with its warehouse financing platform and experienced staff, has complemented the Company’s existing business and allowed the Company to provide an additional source of funding to its correspondent customers beginning in the third quarter of 2013. We are currently financing NattyMac’s warehouse lending operations through the use of cash on hand and our existing financing facilities and continue to explore alternative financing opportunities. For additional information related to this acquisition, refer to Note 4, “Business Combinations,” to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Change in Accounting for Mortgage Servicing Rights
Effective January 1, 2013, the Company irrevocably elected to account for the subsequent measurement of its existing mortgage servicing rights ("MSRs") using the fair value method, whereby the MSRs are initially recorded on our balance sheet at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recorded in earnings during the period in which the changes in fair value occur. We believe that accounting for the MSRs at fair value best reflects the impact of current market conditions on our MSRs, and our investors and other users of our financial statements will have greater insight into management’s views as to the value of our MSRs at each reporting date. Prior to January 1, 2013, the Company accounted for the subsequent measurement of its MSRs at the lower of amortized cost or estimated fair value (the “amortization method”), whereby the MSRs were initially recorded on our balance sheet at fair value and subsequently amortized in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income. In addition, under the amortization method, the carrying value of the MSRs was periodically assessed for impairment at each balance sheet date. In accordance with the applicable GAAP guidance, this change in
accounting principle was accounted for on a prospective basis (financial statement periods prior to 2013 have not been restated). We did not record a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2013, as the net amortized carrying value of the existing MSRs as of January 1, 2013 equaled the fair value at such date due to MSR impairment charges recorded during 2012. Beginning with January 1, 2013, the net changes in the fair value in our MSRs are reported in our consolidated statement of operations within “Changes in mortgage servicing rights valuation.”
Recent Developments
Acquisition of Medallion Mortgage Company
On February 4, 2014, we completed our acquisition of Medallion Mortgage Company ("Medallion"), a residential mortgage originator based in southern California. Medallion originated more than $400,000 in mortgage loans during the year ended December 31, 2013 through its California and Utah locations, serving customers with an extensive portfolio of residential real estate loan programs. The acquisition of Medallion included 10 offices along the southern and central coast of California, Utah and a new operations center in Ventura, California. In the acquisition of Medallion, we agreed to purchase certain assets, assume certain liabilities and offer employment to certain employees. The cash consideration for this acquisition was $258. Consideration yet to be paid for this acquisition also includes contingent consideration based upon future origination volume, for which we have not yet determined the acquisition date fair value. The contingent consideration is conditional upon Medallion achieving certain predetermined minimum mortgage loan origination goals during the two year period following the acquisition date and is uncapped in amount. Total consideration for Medallion, which, along with working capital for the business, will be funded out of our existing cash resources.
Other Factors Influencing Our Results
Prepayment Speeds. A significant driver of our business is prepayment speed, which is the measurement of how quickly unpaid principal balance on mortgage loans is reduced by borrower payments. Prepayment speeds, as reflected by the constant prepayment rate, vary according to interest rates, the type of loan, conditions in the housing and financial markets, competition and other factors, none of which can be predicted with any certainty. Prepayment spread impacts future servicing fees, value of MSRs, float income, interest expense on advances and interest expense. In general, when interest rates rise, it is relatively less attractive for borrowers to refinance their mortgage loans and, as a result, prepayment speeds tend to decrease. This can extend the period over which we earn servicing income but reduce the demand for new mortgage loans. When interest rates fall, prepayment speeds tend to increase, thereby decreasing the value of MSRs and shortening the period over which we earn servicing income but increasing the demand for new mortgage loans.
Changing Interest Rate Environment. Generally, when interest rates rise, the value of mortgage loans and interest rate lock commitments decrease while the value of hedging instruments related to such loans and commitments increases. When interest rates fall, the value of mortgage loans and interest rate lock commitments increases and the value of hedging instruments related to such loans and commitments decrease. Decreasing interest rates also precipitate increased loan refinancing activity by borrowers seeking to benefit from lower mortgage interest rates.
Risk Management Effectiveness—Credit Risk. We are subject to the risk of potential credit losses on all of the residential mortgage loans that we hold for sale or investment as well as for losses incurred by investors in mortgage loans that we sell to them as a result of breaches of representations and warranties we make as part of the loan sales. The representations and warranties require adherence to investor or guarantor origination and underwriting guidelines, including but not limited to the validity of the lien securing the loan, property eligibility, borrower credit, income and asset requirements, and compliance with applicable federal, state and local law. The level of mortgage loan repurchase losses is dependent on economic factors, investor repurchase demand strategies, and other external conditions that may change over the lives of the underlying loans.
Risk Management Effectiveness—Interest Rate Risk. Because changes in interest rates may significantly affect our activities, our operating results will depend, in large part, upon our ability to effectively manage interest rate risks and prepayment risks, including risk arising from the change in value of our inventory of mortgage loans held for sale and commitments to fund mortgage loans and related hedging derivative instruments, as well the effects of changes in interest rates on the value of our investment in MSRs. See “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” included in this MD&A for a discussion on the effects of changes in interest rates on the recorded value of our MSRs.
Liquidity. Our ability to operate profitably is dependent on both our access to capital to finance our assets and our ability to profitably sell and service mortgage loans. An important source of capital for the residential mortgage industry is warehouse financing facilities. These facilities provide funding to mortgage loan producers until the loans are sold to investors or securitized in the secondary mortgage loan market. Our ability to hold loans pending sale or securitization depends, in part, on the availability to us of adequate financing lines of credit at suitable interest rates. During any period in which a borrower is not making payments, if we own the MSR then we may be required to advance our own funds to meet contractual principal and
interest remittance requirements for investors and advance costs of protecting the property securing the investors’ loan and the investors’ interest in the property. We finance a portion of these advances under bank lines of credit. The ability to obtain capital to finance our servicing advances at appropriate interest rates influences our ability to profitably service delinquent loans. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” for additional information.
Servicing Effectiveness. Our servicing fee rates for loans serviced for non-affiliates are generally at specified servicing rates that do not change with a loan’s performance status. As a mortgage loan becomes delinquent and moves through the delinquency process to settlement through acquisition of the property or partial payoff, the loan requires greater effort on our part to service. Increased mortgage delinquencies, defaults and foreclosures will therefore result in a higher cost to service those loans due to the increased time and effort required to collect payments from delinquent borrowers. Therefore, how efficiently we are able to maintain the credit quality of our portfolio of serviced mortgage loans and service the mortgage loans where the borrower has defaulted influences the level of expenses that we incur in the mortgage loan servicing process.
Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2013 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2012
Our consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows: |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | $ Change | | % Change |
Revenues | | | | | | | |
Gains on mortgage loans held for sale | $ | 83,327 |
| | $ | 71,420 |
| | $ | 11,907 |
| | 17% |
Changes in mortgage servicing rights valuation | 14,422 |
| | — |
| | 14,422 |
| | 100% |
Loan origination and other loan fees | 21,227 |
| | 9,871 |
| | 11,356 |
| | 115% |
Loan servicing fees | 22,204 |
| | 5,908 |
| | 16,296 |
| | 276% |
Interest income | 16,767 |
| | 5,257 |
| | 11,510 |
| | 219% |
Other revenue | — |
| | 1,172 |
| | (1,172 | ) | | (100)% |
Total revenues | 157,947 |
| | 93,628 |
| | 64,319 |
| | 69% |
Expenses | | | | | | | |
Salaries, commissions and benefits | 72,475 |
| | 32,737 |
| | 39,738 |
| | 121% |
General and administrative | 23,085 |
| | 7,706 |
| | 15,379 |
| | 200% |
Interest expense | 14,426 |
| | 6,239 |
| | 8,187 |
| | 131% |
Occupancy, equipment and communications | 9,843 |
| | 2,999 |
| | 6,844 |
| | 228% |
Impairment of mortgage servicing rights | — |
| | 11,698 |
| | (11,698 | ) | | (100)% |
Amortization of mortgage servicing rights | — |
| | 3,679 |
| | (3,679 | ) | | (100)% |
Provision for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications | (417 | ) | | 0 |
| | (417 | ) | | 100% |
Depreciation and amortization expense | 2,209 |
| | 750 |
| | 1,459 |
| | 195% |
Loss on disposal of property and equipment | 105 |
| | 11 |
| | 94 |
| | 855% |
Total expenses | 121,726 |
| | 65,819 |
| | 55,907 |
| | 85% |
Income before income taxes | 36,221 |
| | 27,809 |
| | 8,412 |
| | 30% |
Income tax expense | 13,623 |
| | 10,724 |
| | 2,899 |
| | 27% |
Net income | $ | 22,598 |
| | $ | 17,085 |
| | $ | 5,513 |
| | 32% |
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding (in thousands) | 17,113 |
| | 7,517 |
| | 9,596 |
| | 128% |
Diluted EPS | $ | 1.32 |
| | $ | 2.26 |
| | $ | (0.94 | ) | | (42)% |
Revenues
During the year ended December 31, 2013, total revenues increased $64,319, or 69%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2012. The increase in revenues resulted from increases in our loan servicing fees, interest income, loan origination and other loan fees and changes in MSRs valuation, partially offset by decreases in our gains on mortgage loans held for sale and other revenues.
The increase in our loan servicing fees was primarily the result of our higher average servicing portfolio of $8,082,350 during the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to an average servicing portfolio of $2,450,156 during the year ended December 31, 2012.
The increase in interest income was primarily a result of an increase in mortgage loan originations as well as higher interest rates during the year ended December 31, 2013 as compared to December 31, 2012.
Loan origination and other loan fees increased primarily as a result of the increase in the amount of loans originated during the year ended December 31, 2013 as compared to December 31, 2012.
The increase in the net change in MSRs valuation resulted from our change in accounting for our MSRs during 2013, as previously described.
The increase in our gains on mortgage loans held for sale during the year ended December 31, 2013 was primarily a result of the increase in the amount of loans originated during the twelve months ended December 31, 2013 as compared to the twelve months ended December 31, 2012, which was partially offset by unfavorable fair market value adjustments related to our derivative assets and liabilities (IRLCs and related MBS forward trades) resulting from increasing interest rates, as well as margin compression from an increase in originations from the correspondent channel which typically has lower profit margins.
The decrease in other revenue was due to the bargain purchase gain related to the acquisition of NattyMac assets during the year ended December 31, 2012, for which there was no comparable gain during the year ended December 31, 2013.
Expenses
Salaries, commissions and benefits expense increased $39,738, or 121%, during the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the year ended December 31, 2012 primarily as a result of the increase in our headcount from 443 employees at December 31, 2012 to 1,219 employees at December 31, 2013. We have increased our sales force and support staff to facilitate the growth in our loan originations, mortgage servicing and mortgage financing operations. Since origination volumes have increased, the variable commissions paid to employees were also higher during the year ended December 31, 2013. The Company also increased its contribution to and the quality of the employee benefit packages, including health and welfare plans, incentive compensation and stock-based compensation, to continue to attract and retain talent in the markets we serve, which contributed to the increase in 2013.
General and administrative expenses increased $15,379, or 200%, during the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the year ended December 31, 2012 primarily as a result of the increase in loan origination (including costs associated with the launch of our non-agency jumbo loan program) and loan servicing activities, integration and ramp-up costs associated with our Nationstar and Crossline acquisitions, our company-wide rebranding campaign, as well as certain non-deferrable legal and accounting expenses incurred related to the preparation for our initial public offering. We also saw an increase in travel and administrative expenses as we expanded our operations into additional states.
Interest expense increased $8,187, or 131%, during the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the year ended December 31, 2012 primarily as a result of the increase in the volume of mortgage loans originated in the current period. In addition, we experienced an increase in interest expense due to the payoff of debt with detachable warrants issued to a stockholder in March 2013 (for additional information related to the warrants, refer to Note 17, "Capital Stock" to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K).
Occupancy, equipment and communication expenses increased $6,844, or 228%, during the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the year ended December 31, 2012, primarily as a result of increased facility, system and computer equipment requirements to accommodate increased staffing levels, new operation centers and new retail branches.
Impairment of MSRs and amortization of MSRs decreased $11,698 and $3,679, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the year ended December 31, 2012 as a result of the previously discussed change in our accounting treatment of MSRs.
The provision for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications decreased $417, or 100%, during the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the year ended December 31, 2012 primarily as a result of a change in our assumptions for reserving for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications during the year in light of improvements in the availability of loan quality data used to determine the reserve.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $1,459, or 195%, during the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the year ended December 31, 2012 primarily due to increased property and equipment balances resulting from our overall growth and expansion, as well as increased amortization expense related to the NattyMac intangible assets acquired on August 30, 2012.
Income tax expenses were $13,623 and $10,724 for the year ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, which represented an increase of 27% during the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase was primarily due to the 30% increase in income before income tax expense during the year ended December 31, 2013, partially offset by a decrease in the effective tax rate during the year ended December 31, 2013 resulting from changes in the Company's state apportionment factors due to its geographic expansion and resulting changes in loan origination volume mix in the various states it conducts business.
We anticipate our aggregate servicing operating costs will increase as our portfolio increases in size. Our servicing portfolio is generally of recent vintages and consists of agency loans which tend to be of higher quality. These characteristics tend to allow our servicing platform to direct most of its efforts on creating processing efficiencies and a solid customer experience rather than addressing legacy delinquencies and resultant high servicing costs. We expect the average cost to service a loan to decrease due to economies of scale, future technology improvements and outsourcing opportunities where deemed appropriate. On a per-loan basis, we also expect that our servicing costs will improve as we spread our fixed capital investments over a larger loan servicing portfolio.
Segment Results
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, 2013 |
| Originations | | Servicing | | Financing | | Other/Eliminations1 | | Consolidated |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | |
Gains on mortgage loans held for sale | $ | 83,312 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 15 |
| | $ | 83,327 |
|
Changes in mortgage servicing rights valuation | — |
| | 14,422 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 14,422 |
|
Loan origination and other loan fees | 21,196 |
| | — |
| | 31 |
| | — |
| | 21,227 |
|
Loan servicing fees | — |
| | 22,204 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 22,204 |
|
Interest income | 16,612 |
| | — |
| | 125 |
| | 30 |
| | 16,767 |
|
Total revenues | 121,120 |
| | 36,626 |
| | 156 |
| | 45 |
| | 157,947 |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
Expenses | | | | | | | | | |
Salaries, commissions and benefits | 50,242 |
| | 2,562 |
| | — |
| | 19,671 |
| | 72,475 |
|
General and administrative | 8,749 |
| | 942 |
| | 19 |
| | 13,375 |
| | 23,085 |
|
Interest expense | 12,449 |
| | 260 |
| | — |
| | 1,717 |
| | 14,426 |
|
Occupancy, equipment and communication | 3,999 |
| | 723 |
| | — |
| | 5,121 |
| | 9,843 |
|
Provision for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications | (417 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (417 | ) |
Depreciation and amortization | 360 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,849 |
| | 2,209 |
|
Loss on disposal of property and equipment | 12 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 93 |
| | 105 |
|
Corporate allocations | 14,401 |
| | 1,689 |
| | — |
| | (16,090 | ) | | — |
|
Total expenses | 89,795 |
| | 6,176 |
| | 19 |
| | 25,736 |
| | 121,726 |
|
Income (loss) before taxes | $ | 31,325 |
| | $ | 30,450 |
| | $ | 137 |
| | $ | (25,691 | ) | | $ | 36,221 |
|
1Includes intersegment eliminations and certain corporate income and expenses not allocated to the three reportable segments, such as those related to our accounting, executive administration, finance, internal audit, investor relations, legal and treasury departments.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, 2012 |
| Originations | | Servicing | | Financing | | Other/Eliminations1 | | Consolidated |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | |
Gains on mortgage loans held for sale | $ | 71,420 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 71,420 |
|
Loan origination and other loan fees | 9,871 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 9,871 |
|
Loan servicing fees | — |
| | 5,908 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 5,908 |
|
Interest income | 5,199 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 58 |
| | 5,257 |
|
Other revenues | 1,172 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,172 |
|
Total revenues | 87,662 |
| | 5,908 |
| | — |
| | 58 |
| | 93,628 |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
Expenses | | | | | | | | | |
Salaries, commissions and benefits | 22,851 |
| | 985 |
| | — |
| | 8,901 |
| | 32,737 |
|
General and administrative | 3,065 |
| | 334 |
| | — |
| | 4,307 |
| | 7,706 |
|
Interest expense | 5,667 |
| | 361 |
| | — |
| | 211 |
| | 6,239 |
|
Occupancy, equipment and communication | 1,635 |
| | 240 |
| | — |
| | 1,124 |
| | 2,999 |
|
Impairment of mortgage servicing rights | — |
| | 11,698 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 11,698 |
|
Amortization of mortgage servicing rights | — |
| | 3,679 |
| | | | — |
| | 3,679 |
|
Depreciation and amortization | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 750 |
| | 750 |
|
Loss on disposal of property and equipment | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 11 |
| | 11 |
|
Corporate allocations | 2,559 |
| | 284 |
| | — |
| | (2,843 | ) | | — |
|
Total expenses | 35,777 |
| | 17,581 |
| | — |
| | 12,461 |
| | 65,819 |
|
Income (loss) before taxes | $ | 51,885 |
| | $ | (11,673 | ) | | $ | — |
| | $ | (12,403 | ) | | $ | 27,809 |
|
1Includes intersegment eliminations and certain corporate income and expenses not allocated to the three reportable segments, such as those related to our accounting, executive administration, finance, internal audit, investor relations, legal and treasury departments.
Originations
The Originations segment earned $31,325 and $51,885 during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. This decrease was the result of increased costs to facilitate our growth in loan originations, including increased staffing levels, new operation centers, new retail branches and other additional expenses as we expanded our operations into different states.
Gains on Mortgage Loans Held for Sale
Our gains on mortgage loans held for sale during the year ended December 31, 2013 increased $11,892, or 17%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2012. The increase in our gains on mortgage loans held for sale during the year ended December 31, 2013 was primarily a result of the increase in the amount of loans originated during the twelve months ended December 31, 2013 as compared to the twelve months ended December 31, 2012, which was partially offset by unfavorable fair market value adjustments related to our derivative assets and liabilities (IRLCs and related MBS forward trades) resulting from increasing interest rates. In addition, our margins were compressed due to an increase in originations from the correspondent channel, which typically has lower profit margins.
Loan Origination and Other Loan Fees
Our loan origination and other loan fees increased $11,325, or 115%, during the year ended December 31, 2013, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2012, primarily as a result of the increase in the amount of loans originated during the year ended December 31, 2013 as compared to December 31, 2012. The following table illustrates mortgage loan originations by type for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| $ | | % Total | | $ | | % Total |
Conventional 1 | $ | 5,219,463 |
| | 60 | % | | $ | 2,381,385 |
| | 69 | % |
Government insured 2 | 3,480,037 |
| | 40 | % | | 1,068,022 |
| | 31 | % |
Non-agency jumbo | 7,387 |
| | — | % | | — |
| | — | % |
Total mortgage loan originations | $ | 8,706,887 |
| | 100 | % | | $ | 3,449,407 |
| | 100 | % |
1 Conventional includes FNMA and FHLMC mortgage loans.
2 Government insured includes GNMA mortgage loans (including Federal Housing Administration, Department of Veterans Affairs and United States Department of Agricultural mortgage loans).
The following is a summary of mortgage loan origination volume by channel for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| # of Loans | | $ | | % Total | | # of Loans | | $ | | % Total |
Retail | 3,839 |
| | $ | 628,934 |
| | 7 | % | | 3,039 |
| | $ | 508,885 |
| | 15 | % |
Wholesale | 8,183 |
| | 1,636,449 |
| | 19 | % | | 4,554 |
| | 893,756 |
| | 26 | % |
Correspondent | 33,774 |
| | 6,441,504 |
| | 74 | % | | 10,536 |
| | 2,046,766 |
| | 59 | % |
Total mortgage loan originations | 45,796 |
| | $ | 8,706,887 |
| | 100 | % | | 18.129 |
| | $ | 3,449,407 |
| | 100 | % |
The increased volume in the correspondent channel is consistent with our strategic direction of building a diversified and scalable origination business and retaining MSRs on residential mortgage loans. We intend to build our retail operations through acquisitions of small retail mortgage operators during 2014 and by increasing our retail operations as a percentage of our overall business.
We seek to manage asset quality and control credit risk by diversifying our loan portfolio and by applying policies designed to promote sound underwriting and loan monitoring practices. We perform various levels of analysis in order to monitor the overall risk profile of our mortgage originations and servicing portfolio. This analysis includes review of the LTV, FICO scores, delinquencies, defaults and historical loan losses. Monthly risk meetings are conducted where portfolio risk analysis, such as FICO and LTV combination migration, is studied to ensure that the population distributions are in accordance with risk parameters. In addition, default activity is evaluated in the context of credit spectrum to identify any emerging credit quality trends.
A summary of the mortgage loan origination volume by FICO score and LTV for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 is as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year ended December 31, 2013 |
| LTV Range |
| <70% | | 70%-80% | | 81%-90% | | 91%-100% | | >100% | | Total | | % Total |
FICO Score | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
<620 | $ | — |
| | $ | 281 |
| | $ | 658 |
| | $ | 5,555 |
| | $ | 236 |
| | $ | 6,730 |
| | — | % |
620-680 | 101,853 |
| | 229,008 |
| | 255,545 |
| | 1,351,489 |
| | 31,125 |
| | $ | 1,969,020 |
| | 23 | % |
681-719 | 150,520 |
| | 357,350 |
| | 272,853 |
| | 956,398 |
| | 37,470 |
| | $ | 1,774,591 |
| | 20 | % |
>719 | 873,714 |
| | 1,637,813 |
| | 687,301 |
| | 1,675,806 |
| | 81,912 |
| | $ | 4,956,546 |
| | 57 | % |
Total mortgage loan originations | $ | 1,126,087 |
| | $ | 2,224,452 |
| | $ | 1,216,357 |
| | $ | 3,989,248 |
| | $ | 150,743 |
| | $ | 8,706,887 |
| | 100 | % |
% Total | 13 | % | | 25 | % | | 14 | % | | 46 | % | | 2 | % | | 100 | % | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year ended December 31, 2012 |
| LTV Range |
| <70% | | 70%-80% | | 81%-90% | | 91%-100% | | >100% | | Total | | % Total |
FICO Score | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
<620 | $ | 120 |
| | $ | 251 |
| | $ | 765 |
| | $ | 2,140 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 3,276 |
| | — | % |
620-680 | 25,480 |
| | 63,734 |
| | 76,985 |
| | 388,774 |
| | 12,081 |
| | $ | 567,054 |
| | 17 | % |
681-719 | 50,571 |
| | 110,742 |
| | 82,885 |
| | 254,186 |
| | 23,496 |
| | $ | 521,880 |
| | 15 | % |
>719 | 477,146 |
| | 871,140 |
| | 299,447 |
| | 623,353 |
| | 86,111 |
| | $ | 2,357,197 |
| | 68 | % |
Total mortgage loan originations | $ | 553,317 |
| | $ | 1,045,867 |
| | $ | 460,082 |
| | $ | 1,268,453 |
| | $ | 121,688 |
| | $ | 3,449,407 |
| | 100 | % |
% Total | 16 | % | | 30 | % | | 13 | % | | 37 | % | | 4 | % | | 100 | % | | |
Our mortgage loan originations during the year ended December 31, 2013 have moderately shifted toward lower FICO scores and higher LTV percentages primarily as a result of the increase toward GNMA mortgage originations, which increased from 31% of total mortgage loan originations during the year ended December 31, 2012 to 40% of total mortgage loan originations during the year ended December 31, 2013. GNMA mortgage loans generally allow for lower minimum FICO scores and higher maximum LTV percentages.
Interest Income
Interest income related to our Originations segment increased $11,413, or 220%, during the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the year ended December 31, 2012. The increase in interest income was primarily a result of an increase in mortgage loan originations as well as higher interest rates during the year ended December 31, 2013 as compared to December 31, 2012, as there is a direct correlation between interest income and mortgage loan origination.
Other Revenue
Other revenue consists of the bargain purchase gain related to the acquisition of NattyMac assets during the year ended December 31, 2012, for which there was no comparable gain during the year ended December 31, 2013.
Salaries, Commissions and Benefits Expense
Salaries, commissions and benefits expense related to our Originations segment increased $27,391, or 120%, during the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the year ended December 31, 2012 primarily as a result of the increase in our headcount from 335 employees at December 31, 2012 to 962 employees at December 31, 2013. We have increased our sales force and support staff to facilitate the growth in our loan originations, mortgage servicing and mortgage financing operations. Since origination volumes have increased, the variable commissions paid to employees were also higher during the year ended December 31, 2013. The Company also increased its contribution to and the quality of the employee benefit packages, including health and welfare plans and incentive compensation, to continue to attract and retain talent in the markets we serve, which contributed to the increase in 2013.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses related to our Originations segment increased $5,684, or 185%, during the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the year ended December 31, 2012 primarily as a result of the increase in loan origination (including costs associated with the launch of our non-agency jumbo loan program), integration and ramp-up costs associated with our Nationstar and Crossline acquisitions, our company-wide rebranding campaign. We also saw an increase in travel and administrative expenses as we expanded our operations into additional states.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased $6,782, or 120%, during the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the year ended December 31, 2012 primarily due to increased borrowings as a result of the increase in the volume of mortgage loans originated and funded in the current period and interest associated with our increased borrowings during the current period.
Occupancy, Equipment and Communication Expenses
Occupancy, equipment and communication expenses increased $2,364, or 145%, during the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the year ended December 31, 2012, primarily as a result of increased facility, system and computer equipment requirements to accommodate increased staffing levels, new operation centers and new retail branches.
Provision for Mortgage Repurchases and Indemnifications
The provision for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications decreased $417, or 100%, during the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the year ended December 31, 2012 primarily as a result of a change in our assumptions for reserving for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications during the year in light of improvements in the availability of loan quality data used to determine the reserve.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $1,459, or 195%, during the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the year ended December 31, 2012 primarily due to increased property and equipment balances resulting from our overall growth and expansion.
Servicing
The Servicing segment earned $30,450 during the year ended December 31, 2013 and incurred a net loss of $11,673 during the year ended December 31, 2012. This was the result of our mortgage servicing portfolio growth and a change in accounting for the value of our MSRs, as previously discussed. Excluding the impact of this change in accounting treatment for the value of MSRs, Servicing net income increased $12,324 during the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to the year ended December 31, 2012.
Loan Servicing Fees
The increase in our loan servicing fees was primarily the result of our higher average servicing portfolio of $8,082,350 during the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to an average servicing portfolio of $2,450,156 during the year ended December 31, 2012. The following is a summary of loan servicing fee income by component for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | $ Change | | % Change |
Contractual servicing fees | $ | 21,656 |
| | $ | 5,676 |
| | $ | 15,980 |
| | 282 | % |
Late fees | 548 |
| | 232 |
| | 316 |
| | 136 | % |
Loan servicing fees | $ | 22,204 |
| | $ | 5,908 |
| | $ | 16,296 |
| | 276 | % |
Our loan servicing fees increased to $22,204 during the year ended December 31, 2013 from $5,908 during the year ended December 31, 2012. The 276% increase in loan servicing fees was primarily the result of a 230% increase in the average UPB of mortgage loans serviced during the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the year ended December 31, 2012. In addition, we experienced a higher concentration of GNMA loans in our servicing portfolio, which have a higher servicing fee.
The following table illustrates our mortgage servicing portfolio by type as of December 31, 2013 and 2012:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| $ UPB | | % Total | | $ UPB | | % Total |
FNMA | $ | 7,254,178 |
| | 61 | % | | $ | 2,781,389 |
| | 67 | % |
GNMA | 4,507,443 |
| | 38 | % | | 1,363,951 |
| | 33 | % |
FHLMC | 161,889 |
| | 1 | % | | — |
| | — | % |
Total servicing portfolio | $ | 11,923,510 |
| | 100 | % | | $ | 4,145,340 |
| | 100 | % |
The following is a summary of mortgage loan servicing portfolio characteristics by loan type as of December 31, 2013 and 2012:
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2013 |
| Weighted Average Coupon | | Average Age (in months) | | Average Loan Amount (whole dollars) | | Weighted Average Servicing Fee |
FNMA | 3.85% | | 10.4 | | $195,959 | | 25 bps |
GNMA | 3.79% | | 9.8 | | $159,403 | | 31 bps |
FHLMC | 4.35% | | 0.3 | | $249,829 | | 25 bps |
Total | 3.84% | | 10.0 | | $180,809 | | 27 bps |
| | | |
| December 31, 2012 |
| Weighted Average Coupon | | Average Age (in months) | | Average Loan Amount (whole dollars) | | Weighted Average Servicing Fee |
FNMA | 3.84% | | 8.5 | | $188,942 | | 25 bps |
GNMA | 3.92% | | 10.3 | | $145,877 | | 31 bps |
FHLMC | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A |
Total | 3.86% | | 9.0 | | $172,213 | | 27 bps |
Our servicing portfolio characteristics reflect the influence of overall lower interest rates in 2013 loan production. The weighted average coupon of the portfolio dropped slightly during 2013, while the average balance and average age increased. Lower rates tend to prepay more slowly and newer loans generally have longer remaining lives. The increased average loan amounts represent expansion into certain higher-priced residential geographic areas as we expanded our footprint.
Salaries, Commissions and Benefits Expense
Salaries, commissions and benefits expense related to our Servicing segment increased $1,577, or 160%, during the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the year ended December 31, 2012 primarily as a result of increased headcount due to growing our servicing portfolio. Headcount related to our Servicing segment increased from 24 employees at December 31, 2012 to 52 employees at December 31, 2013.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses related to our Servicing segment increased $608, or 182%, during the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the year ended December 31, 2012 primarily as a result of increased expenses attributable to our servicing portfolio growth, such as those related to increased document retention, outside services required to service the loans and quality control.
Interest Expense
Interest expense related to our Servicing segment decreased $101, or 28%, during the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the year ended December 31, 2012. Interest expense related to our Servicing segment consists of costs we incur due to the timing of loan payoffs. As interest rates were higher in 2013, compared to 2012, there was a decrease in the volume of loan payoffs, resulting in a lower expense.
Occupancy, Equipment and Communication Expenses
Occupancy, equipment and communication expenses related to our Servicing segment increased $483, or 201%, during the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the year ended December 31, 2012 primarily as a result of increased expenses associated with our servicing portfolio growth and the related increase in staffing.
Financing
The Financing segment includes warehouse lending activities to correspondent customers by our NattyMac subsidiary, which commenced operations in July of 2013. As such, the net income of $137 for the year ended December 31, 2013 for this segment reflects a partial year of operations. We expect that NattyMac will be able to leverage our proprietary technology and our existing due diligence and underwriting processes to efficiently underwrite the warehouse lines of credit it provides for our correspondents who are its customers and others. We are currently financing NattyMac’s warehouse lending operations through the use of cash on hand and our existing financing facilities and continue to explore alternative financing
opportunities. We intend for this to create an additional source of funding for our correspondents to originate mortgage loans that meet our underwriting requirements and are eligible for us and other investors to purchase.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2011
Our consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 are as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year ended December 31, |
| 2012 | | 2011 | | $ Change | | % Change |
Revenues | | | | | | | |
Gains on mortgage loans held for sale | $ | 71,420 |
| | $ | 16,735 |
| | $ | 54,685 |
| | 327% |
Loan origination and other loan fees | 9,871 |
| | 4,288 |
| | 5,583 |
| | 130% |
Loan servicing fees | 5,908 |
| | 2,628 |
| | 3,280 |
| | 125% |
Interest income | 5,257 |
| | 2,371 |
| | 2,886 |
| | 122% |
Other revenue | 1,172 |
| | — |
| | 1,172 |
| | 100% |
Total revenues | 93,628 |
| | 26,022 |
| | 67,606 |
| | 260% |
Expenses | | | | | | | |
Salaries, commissions and benefits | 32,737 |
| | 13,085 |
| | 19,652 |
| | 150% |
General and administrative | 7,706 |
| | 3,163 |
| | 4,543 |
| | 144% |
Interest expense | 6,239 |
| | 2,728 |
| | 3,511 |
| | 129% |
Occupancy, equipment and communications | 2,999 |
| | 1,607 |
| | 1,392 |
| | 87% |
Impairment of mortgage servicing rights | 11,698 |
| | 2 |
| | 11,696 |
| | 584,800% |
Amortization of mortgage servicing rights | 3,679 |
| | 960 |
| | 2,719 |
| | 283% |
Depreciation and amortization expense | 750 |
| | 357 |
| | 393 |
| | 110% |
Loss on disposal of property and equipment | 11 |
| | 86 |
| | (75 | ) | | (87)% |
Total expenses | 65,819 |
| | 21,988 |
| | 43,831 |
| | 199% |
Income before income taxes | 27,809 |
| | 4,034 |
| | 23,775 |
| | 589% |
Income tax expense | 10,724 |
| | 1,699 |
| | 9,025 |
| | 531% |
Net income | $ | 17,085 |
| | $ | 2,335 |
| | $ | 14,750 |
| | 632% |
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding (in thousands) | 7,517 |
| | 3,518 |
| | 3,999 |
| | 114% |
Diluted EPS | $ | 2.26 |
| | $ | 0.59 |
| | $ | 1.67 |
| | 283% |
Revenues
During the year ended December 31, 2012, total revenues increased $67,606, or 260%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011. The increase in revenues resulted from increases in both our gain on loans held for sale and our loan servicing fee income, offset by mortgage servicing rights temporary impairment adjustments.
The increase in our gain on loans held for sale was a result of the increase in the amount of loans originated during the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the year ended December 31, 2011 (which increased 228%), and higher margins earned on the sale of residential mortgage loans during the period.
The increase in total servicing fee income was primarily the result of our higher average servicing portfolio balance of $2,450,156 during the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $952,989 during the year ended December 31, 2011.
Expenses
Salaries, commissions and benefits expense increased $19,652, or 150%, during the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the year ended December 31, 2011 primarily as a result of the increase in our headcount from 198 employees at December 31, 2011 to 443 employees at December 31, 2012. We increased our sales force to expand geographically and take advantage of the low interest rate environment in 2012. Our staffing levels were increased to accommodate this significant growth in original volume and manage the larger servicing portfolio. Since origination volumes had increased significantly, the variable commissions paid to employees were also much higher in 2012. We also increased our contribution and the quality of the employee benefit packages to attract and retain the best talent in the markets we serve.
General and administrative expenses increased $4,543, or 144%, during the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011 primarily as a result of the increase in loan origination volume and loans serviced, as well as additional states in which we obtained licenses and staff travel to support growth.
Interest expense increased $3,511, or 129%, during the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011 primarily as a result of the increase in the volume of mortgage loans originated and funded during 2012.
Occupancy, equipment and communication expenses increased $1,392, or 87%, during the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011, primarily as a result of increased facility, system and computer equipment requirements to accommodate increased staffing levels.
Impairment of MSRs increased $11,696 during the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011. This impairment resulted primarily from the difference between the weighted average coupon rates of the MSRs portfolio (3.86%) compared to the average 30-year fixed rate mortgage coupon rate (3.59%) as of December 31, 2012. This tends to lead to higher loan prepayments which negatively affects the fair market value of the MSRs.
Amortization of MSRs increased $2,719, or 283%, during the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011, primarily as a result of the increase in unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans serviced during 2012.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $393, or 110%, during the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011 primarily due to increased property and equipment balances resulting from our overall growth and expansion, as well as increased amortization expense related to the NattyMac intangible assets acquired on August 30, 2012.
Income tax expenses were $10,724 and $1,699 for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, which represented an increase of 531% during the year ended December 31, 2012. The increase was primarily due to the 589% increase income before income tax expense during the year ended December 31, 2012, partially offset by a decrease in the effective tax rate during the year ended December 31, 2012 as a result of changes in the Company's state apportionment factors due to its geographic expansion and resulting changes in loan origination volume mix in the various states it conducts business.
Segment Results
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, 2012 |
| Originations | | Servicing | | Financing | | Other/Eliminations1 | | Consolidated |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | |
Gains on mortgage loans held for sale | $ | 71,420 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 71,420 |
|
Loan origination and other loan fees | 9,871 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 9,871 |
|
Loan servicing fees | — |
| | 5,908 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 5,908 |
|
Interest income | 5,199 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 58 |
| | 5,257 |
|
Other revenues | 1,172 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,172 |
|
Total revenues | 87,662 |
| | 5,908 |
| | — |
| | 58 |
| | 93,628 |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
Expenses | | | | | | | | | |
Salaries, commissions and benefits | 22,851 |
| | 985 |
| | — |
| | 8,901 |
| | 32,737 |
|
General and administrative | 3,065 |
| | 334 |
| | — |
| | 4,307 |
| | 7,706 |
|
Interest expense | 5,667 |
| | 361 |
| | — |
| | 211 |
| | 6,239 |
|
Occupancy, equipment and communication | 1,635 |
| | 240 |
| | — |
| | 1,124 |
| | 2,999 |
|
Impairment of mortgage servicing rights | — |
| | 11,698 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 11,698 |
|
Amortization of mortgage servicing rights | — |
| | 3,679 |
| | | | — |
| | 3,679 |
|
Depreciation and amortization | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 750 |
| | 750 |
|
Loss on disposal of property and equipment | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 11 |
| | 11 |
|
Corporate allocations | 2,559 |
| | 284 |
| | — |
| | (2,843 | ) | | — |
|
Total expenses | 35,777 |
| | 17,581 |
| | — |
| | 12,461 |
| | 65,819 |
|
Income (loss) before taxes | $ | 51,885 |
| | $ | (11,673 | ) | | $ | — |
| | $ | (12,403 | ) | | $ | 27,809 |
|
1Includes intersegment eliminations and certain corporate income and expenses not allocated to the three reportable segments, such as those related to our accounting, executive administration, finance, internal audit, investor relations, legal and treasury departments.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, 2011 |
| Originations | | Servicing | | Financing | | Other/Eliminations1 | | Consolidated |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | |
Gains on mortgage loans held for sale | $ | 16,735 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 16,735 |
|
Loan origination and other loan fees | 4,288 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 4,288 |
|
Loan servicing fees | — |
| | 2,628 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 2,628 |
|
Interest income | 2,306 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 65 |
| | 2,371 |
|
Total revenues | 23,329 |
| | 2,628 |
| | — |
| | 65 |
| | 26,022 |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
Expenses | | | | | | | | | |
Salaries, commissions and benefits | 10,741 |
| | 563 |
| | — |
| | 1,781 |
| | 13,085 |
|
General and administrative | 1,610 |
| | 197 |
| | — |
| | 1,356 |
| | 3,163 |
|
Interest expense | 2,414 |
| | 45 |
| | — |
| | 269 |
| | 2,728 |
|
Occupancy, equipment and communication | 880 |
| | 173 |
| | — |
| | 554 |
| | 1,607 |
|
Impairment of mortgage servicing rights | — |
| | 2 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 2 |
|
Amortization of mortgage servicing rights | — |
| | 960 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 960 |
|
Depreciation and amortization | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 357 |
| | 357 |
|
Loss on disposal of property and equipment | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 86 |
| | 86 |
|
Corporate allocations | 589 |
| | 53 |
| | — |
| | (642 | ) | | — |
|
Total expenses | 16,234 |
| | 1,993 |
| | — |
| | 3,761 |
| | 21,988 |
|
Income (loss) before taxes | $ | 7,095 |
| | $ | 635 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | (3,696 | ) | | $ | 4,034 |
|
1Includes intersegment eliminations and certain corporate income and expenses not allocated to the three reportable segments, such as those related to our accounting, executive administration, finance, internal audit, investor relations, legal and treasury departments.
Originations
The Originations segment earned $51,885 and $7,095 during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. This increase was driven by the 228% growth in loan originations, as well as our continued growth and expansion of the Originations segment during this time period.
Gains on Mortgage Loans Held for Sale
Our gains on mortgage loans held for sale during the year ended December 31, 2012 increased $54,685, or 327%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011. The increase in our gain on loans held for sale was a result of the 228% increase in the amount of loans originated during the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the year ended December 31, 2011, and higher margins earned on the sale of residential mortgage loans during the period.
Loan Origination and Other Loan Fees
Our loan origination and other loan fees increased $5,583, or 130%, during the year ended December 31, 2012, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011, primarily as a result of the increase in the amount of loans originated during the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011. The following table illustrates mortgage loan originations by type for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year ended December 31, |
| 2012 | | 2011 |
| $ | | % Total | | $ | | % Total |
Conventional 1 | $ | 2,381,385 |
| | 69 | % | | $ | 619,761 |
| | 59 | % |
Government insured 2 | 1,068,022 |
| | 31 | % | | 430,673 |
| | 41 | % |
Total mortgage loan originations | $ | 3,449,407 |
| | 100 | % | | $ | 1,050,434 |
| | 100 | % |
1 Conventional includes FNMA mortgage loans (we did not originate FHLMC mortgage loans during the years ended December 31, 2012 or 2011).
2 Government insured includes GNMA mortgage loans (including Federal Housing Administration, Department of Veterans Affairs and United States Department of Agricultural mortgage loans).
The following is a summary of mortgage loan origination volume by channel for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year ended December 31, |
| 2012 | | 2011 |
| # of Loans | | $ | | % Total | | # of Loans | | $ | | % Total |
Retail | 3,039 |
| | $ | 508,885 |
| | 15 | % | | 2,029 |
| | $ | 317,201 |
| | 30 | % |
Wholesale | 4,554 |
| | 893,756 |
| | 26 | % | | 2,072 |
| | 361,440 |
| | 35 | % |
Correspondent | 10,536 |
| | 2,046,766 |
| | 59 | % | | 2,145 |
| | 371,793 |
| | 35 | % |
Total mortgage loan originations | 18,129 |
| | $ | 3,449,407 |
| | 100 | % | | 6,246 |
| | $ | 1,050,434 |
| | 100 | % |
The trend toward the correspondent channel is consistent with our strategic decision of building a diversified and scalable origination business and retaining MSRs on residential mortgage loans. We intend to build our retail operations through acquisitions of small retail mortgage operators and by increasing our retail operations as a percentage of our overall business.
A summary of the mortgage loan origination volume by FICO score for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 is as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year ended December 31, |
| 2012 | | 2011 |
| # of Loans | | $ | | % Total | | # of Loans | | $ | | % Total |
< 620 | 26 |
| | $ | 3,399 |
| | — | % | | 23 |
| | $ | 2,700 |
| | — | % |
620-680 | 3,707 |
| | 589,121 |
| | 17 | % | | 1,504 |
| | 208,140 |
| | 20 | % |
681-719 | 2,998 |
| | 541,376 |
| | 16 | % | | 1,080 |
| | 173,686 |
| | 17 | % |
> 719 | 11,398 |
| | 2,315,511 |
| | 67 | % | | 3,639 |
| | 665,908 |
| | 63 | % |
Total mortgage loan originations | 18,129 |
| | $ | 3,449,407 |
| | 100 | % | | 6,246 |
| | $ | 1,050,434 |
| | 100 | % |
A summary of the mortgage loan origination volume by LTV for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 is as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year ended December 31, |
| 2012 | | 2011 |
| # of Loans | | $ | | % Total | | # of Loans | | $ | | % Total |
< 70% | 2,686 |
| | $ | 557,289 |
| | 16 | % | | 862 |
| | $ | 157,244 |
| | 15 | % |
70%-80% | 5,039 |
| | 1,051,834 |
| | 31 | % | | 1,733 |
| | 322,004 |
| | 31 | % |
81%-90% | 2,383 |
| | 456,614 |
| | 13 | % | | 796 |
| | 137,961 |
| | 13 | % |
91%-100% | 7,410 |
| | 1,265,287 |
| | 37 | % | | 2,805 |
| | 424,955 |
| | 40 | % |
> 100% | 611 |
| | 118,383 |
| | 3 | % | | 50 |
| | 8,270 |
| | 1 | % |
Total mortgage loan originations | 18,129 |
| | $ | 3,449,407 |
| | 100 | % | | 6,246 |
| | $ | 1,050,434 |
| | 100 | % |
Interest Income
Interest income related to our Originations segment increased $2,893, or 125%, during the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the year ended December 31, 2011. The increase in interest income was primarily a result of an increase in mortgage loan originations as well as higher interest rates during the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the year ended December 31, 2011, as there is a direct correlation between interest income and mortgage loan originations.
Other Revenue
Other revenue consists of the bargain purchase gain related to the acquisition of NattyMac assets during the year ended December 31, 2012, for which there was no comparable gain during the year ended December 31, 2011.
Salaries, Commissions and Benefits Expense
Salaries, commissions and benefits expense related to our Originations segment increased $12,110, or 113%, during the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the year ended December 31, 2011 primarily as a result of the increase in our headcount from 163 employees at December 31, 2011 to 335 employees at December 31, 2012. We increased our sales force to expand geographically in 2012. Our staffing levels were increased to accommodate this significant growth in origination volume. Since origination volumes had increased significantly during this time period, the variable commissions paid to
employees also increased in 2012. In addition, we increased the quality of the employee benefit packages to attract and retain the best talent in the markets we serve.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses related to our Originations segment increased $1,455, or 90%, during the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011 primarily as a result of the increase in loan origination volume, as well as additional states in which we obtained licenses and staff travel to support growth.
Interest Expense
Interest expense related to our Originations segment increased $3,253, or 135%, during the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011 primarily as a result of the increase in the volume of mortgage loans originated and funded during 2012.
Occupancy, Equipment and Communication Expenses
Occupancy, equipment and communication expenses related to our Originations segment increased $755, or 86%, during the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011, primarily as a result of increased facility, system and computer equipment requirements to accommodate increased staffing levels.
Servicing
The Servicing segment incurred a net loss of $11,673 during the year ended December 31, 2012 and earned $635 during the year ended December 31, 2011. This was the result of increased impairment of the value of our MSRs driven by a lower weighted average coupon rates of our portfolio during the year ended December 31, 2012 when compared to the average fixed rate mortgage coupon rate for that same period, negatively impacting the fair value of our MSR portfolio. We also experienced an increase in amortization of our MSRs driven by higher UPB balances in the portfolio, partially offset by our mortgage servicing portfolio growth during the year ended December 31, 2012. Excluding the impact of the impairment and amortization, Servicing net income increased $2,107 during the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to the year ended December 31, 2011.
Loan Servicing Fees
The increase in total servicing fee income was primarily the result of our higher average servicing portfolio balance of $2,450,156 during the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $952,989 during the year ended December 31, 2011. The following is a summary of loan servicing fee income by component for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year ended December 31, |
| 2012 | | 2011 | | $ Change | | % Change |
Contractual servicing fees | $ | 5,676 |
| | $ | 2,534 |
| | $ | 3,142 |
| | 124 | % |
Late fees | 232 |
| | 94 |
| | 138 |
| | 147 | % |
Loan servicing fees | $ | 5,908 |
| | $ | 2,628 |
| | $ | 3,280 |
| | 125 | % |
Our loan servicing fees increased to $5,908 during the year ended December 31, 2012 from $2,628 during the year ended December 31, 2011. The 125% increase in loan servicing fees was primarily the result of a 157% increase in the average UPB of mortgage loans serviced during the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011.
The following table illustrates our mortgage servicing portfolio by type as of December 31, 2012 and 2011:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2012 | | 2011 |
| $ UPB | | % Total | | $ UPB | | % Total |
FNMA | $ | 2,781,389 |
| | 67 | % | | $ | 801,789 |
| | 61 | % |
GNMA | 1,363,951 |
| | 33 | % | | 514,099 |
| | 39 | % |
Total servicing portfolio | $ | 4,145,340 |
| | 100 | % | | $ | 1,315,888 |
| | 100 | % |
The following is a summary of mortgage loan servicing portfolio characteristics by loan type as of December 31, 2012 and 2011:
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2012 |
| Weighted Average Coupon | | Average Age (in months) | | Average Loan Amount (whole dollars) | | Weighted Average Servicing Fee |
FNMA | 3.84% | | 8.5 | | $188,942 | | 25 bps |
GNMA | 3.92% | | 10.3 | | $145,877 | | 31 bps |
Total | 3.86% | | 9.0 | | $172,213 | | 27 bps |
| | | |
| December 31, 2011 |
| Weighted Average Coupon | | Average Age (in months) | | Average Loan Amount (whole dollars) | | Weighted Average Servicing Fee |
FNMA | 4.51% | | 16.0 | | $154,281 | | 25 bps |
GNMA | 4.64% | | 11.6 | | $138,011 | | 33 bps |
Total | 4.56% | | 14.3 | | $147,488 | | 28 bps |
Our servicing portfolio characteristics reflect the influence of overall lower interest rates in 2012 loan production. The weighted average coupon of the portfolio dropped during 2012, while the average balance and average age increased. Lower rates tend to prepay more slowly and newer loans generally have longer remaining lives. The increased average loan amounts represent expansion into certain higher-priced residential geographic areas as we expanded our footprint.
Salaries, Commissions and Benefits Expense
Salaries, commissions and benefits expense related to our Servicing segment increased $422, or 75%, during the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the year ended December 31, 2011 primarily as a result of increased headcount. Our staffing levels were increased to manage the larger servicing portfolio. Headcount related to our Servicing segment increased from 13 employees at December 31, 2011 to 24 employees at December 31, 2012.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses related to our Servicing segment increased $137, or 70%, during the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the year ended December 31, 2011 primarily as a result of increased expenses attributable to our servicing portfolio growth, such as increased quality control expenses, printing of statements, document retention and outside services required to service the loans.
Interest Expense
Interest expense related to our Servicing segment increased $316, or 702%, during the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the year ended December 31, 2011 primarily due to higher average annual interest rates in 2012.
Occupancy, Equipment and Communication Expenses
Occupancy, equipment and communication expenses related to our Servicing segment increased $67, or 39%, during the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the year ended December 31, 2011 primarily as a result of increased expenses attributable to our servicing portfolio growth and as a result of increased facility, system and computer equipment requirements to accommodate increased staffing levels.
Impairment of Mortgage Servicing Rights
Impairment of MSRs increased $11,696 during the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011. This impairment resulted primarily from the difference between the weighted average coupon rates of the MSRs portfolio (3.86%) compared to the average 30-year fixed rate mortgage coupon rate (3.59%) as of December 31, 2012. This tends to lead to higher loan prepayment assumptions which negatively affects the fair market value of the MSRs.
Amortization of Mortgage Servicing Rights
Amortization of MSRs increased $2,719, or 283%, during the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011, primarily as a result of the increase in unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans serviced during 2012.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our financial accounting and reporting policies are in accordance with GAAP. Some of these accounting policies require us to make estimates and judgments about matters that are uncertain. The application of assumptions could have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. Critical accounting policies and related assumptions, estimates and disclosures are determined by management and reviewed periodically with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. We believe that the judgments, estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are appropriate given the factual circumstances at the time. We consider some of our most important accounting policies that require estimates and management judgment to be those policies with respect to reserves for loan repurchases and indemnifications, fair value of financial instruments, MSRs, derivative financial instruments, mortgage loans held for sale, business combinations (including accounting for intangible assets) and income taxes. For additional information regarding these significant accounting policies, refer to Note 2, “Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies,” to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Reserve for Mortgage Repurchases and Indemnifications
Loans sold to investors by the Company which met investor and agency underwriting guidelines at the time of sale may be subject to repurchase or indemnification in the event of specific default by the borrower or subsequent discovery that underwriting standards were not met. In limited circumstances, the full risk of loss on loans sold is retained to the extent the liquidation of the underlying collateral is insufficient.
We establish a reserve for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications related to various representations and warranties that reflect management’s estimate of losses for loans for which we could have a repurchase or indemnification obligation, whether or not we currently service those loans, based on a combination of factors. Such factors include the type of loan, the channel from which it came and other loan-related specifics. The process for determining the measurement of the liability involves certain unobservable inputs such as estimated repurchase demands and repurchases, success rates on resolving disputes and loss severity and is generally subjective and involves a high degree of management judgment and assumptions. These judgments and assumptions may have a significant effect on our measurements of the liability, and the use of different judgments and assumptions, as well as changes in market conditions, could have a material effect on our statements of operations as well as our balance sheets.
For additional information regarding our reserve for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications, refer to Note 13, "Reserve for Mortgage Repurchases and Indemnifications," to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company uses fair value measurements in fair value disclosures and to record certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis (such as derivative assets and liabilities and mortgage loans held for sale) or on a non-recurring basis, such as measuring impairment on assets carried at amortized cost or the lower of amortized cost or fair value (for periods prior to January 1, 2013) or measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired through business combinations. The Company has elected fair value accounting for mortgage loans held for sale, as permitted under current accounting guidance, to more closely align the Company’s accounting with its interest rate risk management strategies.
When observable market prices do not exist for our financial instruments, we estimate fair value primarily by using cash flow and other valuation models. Our valuation models may include adjustments, such as market liquidity and credit quality, where appropriate. Valuations of products using models or other techniques are sensitive to assumptions used for the significant inputs. The process for determining fair value using unobservable inputs, such as discount rates, prepayment speeds, default rates and cost of servicing is generally more subjective and involves a higher degree of management judgment and assumptions than the measurement of fair value using observable inputs. These judgments and assumptions may have a significant effect on our measurements of fair value, and the use of different judgments and assumptions, as well as changes in market conditions, could have a material effect on our statements of operations as well as our balance sheets.
For additional information regarding the fair values of our financial instruments, refer to Note 8, "Fair Value Measurements," to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Mortgage Servicing Rights
MSRs are non-financial assets that are created when a mortgage loan is sold and we retain the right to service the loan. The servicing of these loans includes payment processing, remittance of funds to investors, payment of taxes and insurance, collection of delinquent payments, and disposition of foreclosed properties. In return for these services, we receive servicing fee income and ancillary fee income. The MSRs are initially recorded at fair value, which is estimated by using a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing cash flows. The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income, including estimates of the cost of servicing, the discount rate, the float value, the inflation rate, estimated prepayment speeds, and default rates. We use a dynamic model to estimate the fair value of our MSRs. The model is validated internally and senior management reviews all significant assumptions quarterly. In addition, we benchmark the performance of our internal model against the results obtained from a third party valuation specialist firm and other market participant information such as surveys, broker quotes, trades in the marketplace, and other observable data.
Effective January 1, 2013, the Company elected to irrevocably account for the subsequent measurement of its existing MSRs using the fair value method, whereby the MSRs are initially recorded on our balance sheet at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recorded in earnings during the period in which the changes in fair value occur. We believe that accounting for the MSRs at fair value best reflects the impact of current market conditions on our MSRs, and our investors and other users of our financial statements will have greater insight into management’s views as to the value of our MSRs at each reporting date. The fair value of the MSRs is assessed at each reporting date using the methods described above. In accordance with the applicable GAAP guidance, this change in accounting principle was accounted for on a prospective basis (financial statement periods prior to 2013 have not been restated). We did not record a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2013, as the net amortized carrying value of the MSRs as of January 1, 2013 equaled the fair value due to MSR impairment charges recorded during 2012.
Prior to January 1, 2013, the subsequent measurement of the Company’s MSRs was recorded using the amortization method. Under the amortization method, capitalized MSRs were initially recorded at fair value and amortized over the estimated economic life of the related loans in proportion to the estimated future net servicing revenue. The net capitalized cost of MSRs was periodically evaluated to determine whether capitalized amounts were in excess of their estimated fair value. For this fair value assessment, the Company stratified its MSRs based on interest rates: (1) those with note rates below 4.00%; (2) those with note rates between 4.00% and 4.99%; and (3) those with note rates above 5.00%. If the amortized book value of the MSRs exceeded its fair value, management recorded a valuation adjustment as a reduction to the mortgage servicing right asset. However, in the event that the fair value of the MSRs recovered, the valuation allowance was reversed.
For additional information regarding our mortgage servicing rights, refer to Note 7, "Mortgage Servicing Rights," to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company enters into derivative instruments to serve the financial needs of its customers and to reduce its risk exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. For example, the Company enters into IRLCs with certain customers to originate residential mortgage loans at specified interest rates and within a specified period of time. IRLCs on mortgage loans that are intended to be sold are accounted for as derivatives, with changes in fair value recorded in the statement of operations as part of gain or loss on sale of mortgage loans. The fair value of an IRLC is based upon changes in the fair value of the underlying mortgages estimated to be realizable upon sale into the secondary market. In estimating the fair value of an IRLC, we also adjust the fair value of the underlying mortgage loan to reflect the estimated percentage of commitments that will result in a closed mortgage loan; our estimate of this percentage will vary based on the age of the underlying commitment and changes in mortgage interest rates.
The primary factor influencing the probability that a loan will fund within the terms of the IRLC is the change, if any, in mortgage rates subsequent to the commitment date. In general, the probability of funding increases if mortgage rates rise and decreases if mortgage rates fall. This is due primarily to the relative attractiveness of current mortgage rates compared to the applicant’s committed rate. The probability that a loan will fund within the terms of the IRLC also is influenced by the source of the application, age of the application, purpose of the loan (purchase or refinance) and the application approval rate.
The Company manages the interest rate risk associated with its outstanding IRLCs and mortgage loans held for sale by entering into derivative loan instruments, such as forward loan sales commitments and mandatory delivery commitments. For exchange-traded contracts, fair value is based on quoted market prices. For non-exchange traded contracts, fair value is based on dealer quotes, pricing models, and discounted cash flow methodologies. Fair value estimates also take into account counterparty credit risk and the Company’s own credit standing.
For additional information regarding our derivative financial instruments, refer to Note 5, "Derivative Financial Instruments," to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale
Loans that are intended to be sold in the foreseeable future, including residential mortgages, are reported as mortgage loans held for sale. The Company accounts for mortgage loans held for sale under the fair value option. Fair value of mortgage loans held for sale is typically calculated using observable market information, including pricing from actual market transactions or observable market prices from other loans that have similar collateral, credit, and interest rate characteristics. Gains or losses from the sale of mortgages are recognized based upon the difference between the selling price and fair value of the related loans upon the sale of such loans. Direct mortgage loan origination costs are recognized as noninterest expense at origination.
In order to facilitate the origination and sale of mortgage loans held for sale, we have entered into various agreements with lenders. These agreements are in the form of loan participation agreements, repurchase agreements and warehouse lines of credit with banks and other financial institutions. Mortgage loans held for sale are considered sold when we surrender control over the financial assets and those financial assets are legally isolated from us in the event of our bankruptcy. For loan participations that meet the sale criteria, the transferred financial assets are derecognized from the balance sheet and a gain or loss is recognized upon sale. If the sale criteria are not met, the transfer is recorded as a secured borrowing in which the assets remain on the balance sheet and the proceeds from the transaction are recognized as a liability. We account for all participation and repurchase agreements as secured borrowings.
For additional information regarding our mortgage loans held for sale, refer to Note 6, "Mortgage Loans Held for Sale," to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
As part of our growth strategy, we have acquired certain companies and assets in business combinations. We account for business combinations using the acquisition method, under which the total consideration transferred (including contingent consideration) is allocated to the fair value of the assets acquired (including identifiable intangible assets) and liabilities assumed. The excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed results in goodwill. In certain of our acquisitions, the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed exceeded the consideration transferred, resulting in a bargain purchase gain.
In determining the total consideration transferred in a business combination, contingent consideration was a significant factor. The fair value of the contingent consideration arrangements were determined by management, with assistance from a third party valuation provider, using either the income approach (Crossline contingent on-boarding payment and NattyMac contingent earnout) or a calibrated Monte-Carlo simulation (Crossline contingent earnout); these methods require management to estimate the amount and timing of future production levels, volatility factors and discount rates. The fair values of the trade names, customer relationship and non-compete intangible assets were determined using a discounted cash flow method. This method required management to make estimates related to future revenues, expenses, income tax rates and discount rates. The fair values of the agent list and state license intangible assets were determined using a cost-to-recreate approach, which required management to estimate the costs and amounts of time it would take to replace those assets, as well as future income tax rates.
Intangible assets determined to have a finite life are amortized on a straight-line basis over their useful lives. If events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of finite-lived intangible assets may not be recoverable, management compares the carrying value to the current fair value (determined in the same manner and with the same assumptions as discussed above) and records any required impairment. Goodwill and other intangible assets that are deemed to have an indefinite life are not subject to amortization but rather must be reviewed for impairment annually and more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the assets are impaired. Management exercises judgment in its assessment of qualitative factors in determining whether events or circumstances suggest that it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. If management determines it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired, management performs a quantitative assessment of current fair value (which incorporates the same assumptions listed above) compared to carrying value and subsequently records any required impairment.
We completed our first annual impairment test of existing other intangible assets with indefinite lives (e.g., NattyMac trade name) during the fourth quarter of 2013, and no impairment losses were incurred. This test involved the use of estimates related to the fair value of the other intangible assets with indefinite lives, and require a significant degree of judgment and the use of subjective assumptions. The fair value of the other intangible assets were determined using a discounted cash flow method. This method required management to make estimates related to future revenue, expenses and income tax rates. Certain
impairment tests may also be performed during interim periods when potential impairment indicators exist or changes in our business or other triggering events occur.
For additional information regarding our business combinations and goodwill and other intangible assets, refer to Note 4, "Business Combinations," and Note 10, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Income Taxes
We determine deferred income taxes using the balance sheet method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on future tax consequences attributable to the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, as well as operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in earnings in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods.
Deferred tax assets are recognized subject to management’s judgment that realization is more likely than not. We determine whether a deferred tax asset is realizable based on currently available facts and circumstances, including the Company’s current and projected future tax position, the historical level of our taxable income, and estimates of our future taxable income. In most cases, the realization of deferred tax assets is based on our future profitability. On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates its deferred tax assets to assess whether they are more likely than not to be realized in the future. If we were to experience either reduced profitability or operating losses in a future period, the realization of our deferred tax assets may no longer be considered more likely than not to be realized. In such an instance, we could be required to record a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets by charging earnings.
In both October 2013 (as a result of our initial public offering) and March 2012 (as a result of a significant investment in our preferred stock), we experienced changes in ownership as defined by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (“Section 382 ownership change”). The Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") allows for the application of two approaches (the full value method and the hold constant principle) for valuing companies when identifying a Section 382 ownership change and requires that the taxpayers apply a consistent method from year to year. Section 382 generally requires a corporation to limit the amount of its income in future years that can be offset by historic taxable losses (i.e. net operating loss carryovers and certain built-in losses) after a corporation has undergone an ownership change of more than 50%. In the event of an ownership change of more than 50%, an annual limitation on the amount of net operating losses available to offset future taxable income is determined by multiplying a federally stated interest rate times the value of the company on the ownership change date. As a result, utilization of certain tax attributes including net operating loss and other carry-forwards are subject to annual limitations. Management also analyzed the impact of its private equity offering that occurred in May 2013 using the full value method and determined that an ownership change under Section 382 did not occur.
Our deferred tax assets at December 31, 2013 consisted primarily of net operating loss carryforwards, and no valuation allowance was deemed necessary, as we concluded that it is more likely than not that recorded amounts will be realized. For additional information regarding our income taxes, refer to Note 15, "Income Taxes," to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Recent Accounting Developments
ASU No. 2014-04, "Receivables-Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors (Subtopic 310-40): Reclassification of Residential Real Estate Collateralized Consumer Mortgage Loans Upon Foreclosure," was issued in January 2014. This update clarifies when a creditor is considered to have received physical possession of residential real estate property collateralized by a consumer mortgage loan in order to reduce diversity in practice for when a creditor derecognizes the loan receivable and recognizes the real estate property. The guidance in ASU No. 2014-04 also requires interim and annual disclosure of the amount of foreclosed residential real estate property held by the creditor and the recorded investment in consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that are in the process of foreclosure. The new guidance will be effective for us beginning on January 1, 2015. We are currently evaluating the guidance under ASU 2014-04 and have not yet determined the impact, if any, on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU No. 2013-01, “Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities” was issued in January 2013. This update clarifies the scope of transactions that are subject to the disclosures about offsetting, specifically that ordinary trade receivables and receivables are not in the scope of ASU No. 2011-11. ASU No. 2011-11 applies only to derivatives, repurchase agreements and reverse purchase agreements, and securities borrowing and securities lending transactions that are offset in accordance with specific criteria contained in FASB Accounting Standards
Codification or subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement. ASU 2013-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2013, and interim periods within those annual periods. The adoption of ASU 2013-01 did not materially impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Liquidity measures our ability to meet potential cash requirements, including the funding of servicing advances, the payment of operating expenses, the funding of loan originations and purchases and the repayment of borrowings. Our unrestricted cash balance increased from $15,056 as of December 31, 2012 to $43,104 as of December 31, 2013, primarily due to cash inflows in our financing activities including net proceeds from borrowings under our mortgage participations, warehouse and operating lines of credit and net proceeds of $231,228 from our combined May 2013 private equity offering and October 2013 initial public offering, partially offset by cash outflows from operating and investing activities. We experienced negative operating cash flows during 2013 due to the lower proceeds received from sales of mortgage loans when MSRs are retained, the timing of originations versus loan sales, the related increase in inventory and the increase in derivative assets related to the locked loan pipeline. The negative operating cash flows will continue in the future as we grow originations to increase our loan servicing portfolio. As servicing fees collected from borrowers increase as the portfolio size increases, our operating cash flows are expected to increase.
Our primary sources of funds for liquidity include: (i) secured borrowings in the form of repurchase facilities and participation agreements with major financial institutions, as well as our warehouse lines of credit and operating lines of credit, (ii) equity offerings, (iii) servicing fees and ancillary fees, (iv) payments received from sales or securitizations of loans, and (v) payments received from mortgage loans held for sale. Our primary uses of funds for liquidity include: (i) originations of loans, (ii) funding of servicing advances, (iii) payment of interest expenses, (iv) payment of operating expenses, (v) repayment of borrowings, (vi) business combinations and asset acquisitions and (vii) payments for acquisitions of MSRs.
Our financing strategy primarily consists of using repurchase facilities, participation agreements and warehouse lines of credit with major financial institutions, as well as regional and community banks. We believe this provides us with a stable, low cost, diversified source of funds to finance our business. We continually evaluate opportunities based upon market conditions to finance our operations by accessing the capital markets or other types of indebtedness with institutional lenders, as well as to refinance our outstanding indebtedness in order to reduce our borrowing costs, extend maturities and/or increase our operating flexibility. There can be no guarantee that any such financing or refinancing opportunities will be available on acceptable terms or at all.
We acquired our financing platform from NattyMac in the third quarter of 2012, fully integrated the platform into our mortgage banking operations in December of 2012 and launched NattyMac’s warehouse lending operations to our correspondent customers during July 2013. The financing platform features a centralized custodian and disbursement agent located in our St. Petersburg, Florida facilities. We are currently financing NattyMac's warehouse lending operations through the use of cash on hand and our existing financing facilities and continue to explore alternative financing opportunities. As of December 31, 2013, our warehouse lending receivables from correspondent customers totaled $12,089.
At this time, we see no material negative trends that we believe would affect our access to long-term or short-term borrowings to maintain our current operations, or would likely cause us to cease to be in compliance with any applicable covenants in our indebtedness or that would inhibit our ability to secure mortgage funding arrangements to fund operations and capital commitments for the next 12 months.
Our servicing agreements impose on us various rights and obligations that affect our liquidity. Among the most significant of these obligations is the requirement that we advance our own funds to meet contractual principal and interest payments for certain investors and to pay taxes, insurance, foreclosure costs and various other items that are required to preserve the assets being serviced. Delinquency rates and prepayment speed affect the size of servicing advance balances. These advances are typically recovered upon weekly or monthly reimbursements or from sale in the market.
Because our servicing portfolio is generally of recent vintages and also because the servicing portfolio is primarily comprised of FNMA and GNMA servicing (which are generally of higher quality), the amount of delinquency and therefore advances for our current portfolio, are expected to be low. As of December 31, 2013, our servicing advances were $4,177, or less than 0.1%, of the unpaid principal balance of the servicing portfolio. We finance these advances using cash on hand. We are not currently anticipating that the servicing advance asset will grow in the near future beyond our capacity of financing the asset using available cash. If the servicing advances become a sizable asset on our balance sheet, we will negotiate a servicing advance facility with one or more of our financial partners, which we believe to be readily available in the market.
We intend to continue to seek opportunities to acquire loan servicing portfolios and/or businesses that engage in loan servicing and/or loan originations. Future acquisitions could require substantial additional capital in excess of cash from operations. We would expect to finance the capital required for acquisitions through a combination of additional issuances of equity, corporate indebtedness, asset-backed acquisition financing and/or cash from operations.
In May 2013, we completed our private offering of 6,388,889 shares of common stock (including 833,333 shares exercised pursuant to an overallotment option granted to the initial purchaser) at a price per share of $18.00, resulting in net proceeds of $107,300, after deducting the initial purchaser's discount and placement fee of $7,700 . We used $10,000 of the gross proceeds to repay subordinated debt to a stockholder, while the remaining funds were used to make investments relating to our business and for general corporate purposes.
In October 2013, we completed our initial public offering of 8,165,000 shares of common stock (including 1,065,000 shares exercised pursuant to an overallotment option granted to the underwriters) at a price to the public of $16.00 per share, resulting in net proceeds of $123,928 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $6,712. We intend to use the net proceeds of our initial public offering to make investments related to our business and for other general corporate purposes. Additionally, we may choose to expand our business through acquisitions of or investments in other businesses using cash or shares of our common stock.
Capital Resources
We are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”), which governs non-supervised, direct endorsement mortgagees, and GNMA, which governs issuers of GNMA securities. Additionally, we are required to maintain minimum net worth requirements for many of the states in which we sell and service loans. Each state has its own minimum net worth requirement, which range from $0 to $1 million, depending on the state.
Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary remedial actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could (i) remove our ability to sell and service loans to or on behalf of the Agencies and (ii) have a direct material effect on our financial statements. In accordance with the regulatory capital guidelines, we must meet specific quantitative measures of assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Further, changes in regulatory and accounting standards, as well as the impact of future events on our results, may significantly affect our net worth adequacy. As of December 31, 2013, we met all minimum net worth requirements to which we were subject.
Financings
Our financing strategy primarily consists of using repurchase facilities, participation agreements and warehouse lines of credit with major financial institutions, as well as regional and community banks. We believe this provides us with a stable, low cost, diversified source of funds to finance our business. We continually evaluate opportunities based upon market conditions to finance our operations by accessing the capital markets or other types of indebtedness with institutional lenders, as well as to refinance our outstanding indebtedness in order to reduce our borrowing costs, extend maturities and/or increase our operating flexibility. There can be no guarantee that any such financing or refinancing opportunities will be available on acceptable terms or at all.
We acquired our financing platform from NattyMac in the third quarter of 2012, fully integrated the platform into our mortgage banking operations in December of 2012 and launched NattyMac’s warehouse financing operations during July 2013. We are currently financing NattyMac’s warehouse lending operations through the use of cash on hand and our existing financing facilities and continue to explore alternative financing opportunities. The financing platform features a centralized custodian and disbursement agent located in our St. Petersburg, Florida facilities to effectively manage collateral and funding of loans, and participation arrangements with smaller regional banks to provide revenue and a stable source of funding.
At December 31, 2013 and 2012, we had no long-term borrowings outstanding. Short-term borrowings were as follows as of December 31, 2013 and 2012:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2013 | | December 31, 2012 |
| Amount Outstanding | | Weighted Average Interest Rate |
| Amount Outstanding | | Weighted Average Interest Rate |
Secured borrowings | $ | 342,393 |
| | 4.27 | % | | $ | 102,675 |
| | 3.35 | % |
Mortgage repurchase borrowings | 223,113 |
| | 2.51 | % | | 100,301 |
| | 2.59 | % |
Warehouse lines of credit | 7,056 |
| | 4.98 | % | | — |
| | N/A |
|
Operating lines of credit | 6,499 |
| | 4.07 | % | | 5,131 |
| | 4.17 | % |
Total short-term borrowings | $ | 579,061 |
| | | | $ | 208,107 |
| | |
Mortgage Funding Arrangements
We maintain mortgage participation and repurchase agreements and warehouse lines of credit (collectively referred to as “mortgage funding arrangements”) with various financial institutions, primarily to fund the origination of mortgage loans which are subject to participation. As of December 31, 2013 the Company held mortgage funding arrangements with 5 separate financial institutions and a total maximum borrowing capacity of $967,000. Each mortgage funding arrangement is collateralized by the underlying mortgage loans.
The following table summarizes the amounts outstanding, interest rates and maturity dates under the Company’s various mortgage funding arrangements as of December 31, 2013:
|
| | | | | | | | |
Mortgage Funding Arrangements | | Amount Outstanding | | Interest Rate |
| Maturity Date |
Merchants Bank of Indiana | | $ | 343,433 |
| | Same as the underlying mortgage rates, less contractual service fee/prime plus 1.00% | | June 2014 |
Barclays Bank PLC | | 164,646 |
| | LIBOR plus applicable margin | | December 2014 |
Bank of America, N.A. | | 58,467 |
| | LIBOR plus applicable margin | | March 2014 |
Flagstar Bank | | 1,408 |
| | LIBOR plus applicable margin | | July 2014 |
First Tennessee Bank | | 4,608 |
| | LIBOR plus applicable margin | | August 2014 |
Total | | $ | 572,562 |
| | | | |
An alternative to financing mortgage loans with a warehouse line of credit is selling a participation interest in the related loans to a financial institution. As of December 31, 2013, we had a total of $400,000 in loan participation limit that expires at various dates through June 2014. The lenders may cancel the agreements with written notice; however, we expect to be able to renew these agreements and do not foresee any challenges in doing so.
On July 1, 2013, we entered into an amended and restated master participation agreement with Merchants Bank of Indiana. Merchants Bank of Indiana’s commitment to purchase mortgage loans pursuant to the amended and restated master participation agreement will expire on June 30, 2014, unless renewed or terminated earlier under certain circumstances provided for therein. Such amended and restated master participation agreement provides that we may, from time to time, transfer to Merchants Bank of Indiana undivided beneficial ownership interests in qualifying, single-family mortgage loans. The aggregate maximum borrowing capacity under the amended and restated master participation agreement was $400,000 at December 31, 2013. Amounts outstanding under this agreement totaled $342,393 at December 31, 2013.
In May 2011, we entered into a mortgage warehouse and security agreement with Merchants Bank of Indiana, which was amended and restated in June 2013. The mortgage warehouse loan and security agreement states that Merchants Bank of Indiana will establish a line of credit for us secured by our pledge of certain residential mortgage loans and the related mortgage documents to Merchants Bank. The maximum borrowing capacity under the line of credit was $2,000 at December 31, 2013. At December 31, 2013, $1,040 was outstanding under this line of credit and carried an interest rate of 4.25%.
On July 31, 2013, we entered into a master repurchase agreement with Barclays Bank PLC ("Barclays"), which was amended and restated in December 2013. The master repurchase agreement will terminate at the earliest to occur of (1) December 16, 2014, (ii) the termination of the mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreement with Barclays or (iii) at the option of Barclays, the occurrence of an event of default after the expiration of any applicable grace period. The master repurchase agreement states that we may, from time to time, enter into transactions in which we sell to Barclays certain mortgage loans, on a servicing-released basis, against the transfer of funds by Barclays, with a simultaneous agreement for Barclays to transfer to us the related purchased assets on a date certain not later than one year following such transfer, against the transfer of funds by us. The interest rate is equal to LIBOR plus a margin.
On July 31, 2013, we entered into a mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreement with Barclays, which was amended and restated in December 2013. The mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreement will terminate at the earliest to occur of (i) December 16, 2014, (ii) the termination of the master repurchase agreement with Barclays or, (iii) at the option of Barclays, the occurrence of a servicing termination event after the expiration of any applicable grace period. The mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreement states that we may, from time to time, sell all of our beneficial right, title and interest in and to designated pools of single-family residential mortgage loans eligible in the aggregate to back securities, and in and to the servicing rights related thereto. The aggregate transaction limit is $300,000 for both the master repurchase agreement and the mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreement.
On February 28, 2013, we entered into a master repurchase agreement with Bank of America, N.A. ("Bank of America"), which was amended in February 2014. Under the agreement with Bank of America, from time to time, we may transfer to Bank of America certain residential mortgage loans and/or other mortgage related assets and interests, against the transfer of funds by Bank of America, with a simultaneous agreement by Bank of America to sell to us those purchased assets at a specified date or on demand after the purchase date, against the transfer of funds by us. Under the master repurchase agreement, Bank of America will enter into transactions with us provided that the aggregate outstanding purchase price as of any date shall not exceed $100,000, and the aggregate outstanding purchase price for any type of transaction shall not exceed the applicable type sublimit.
On June 24, 2013, we entered into a mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreement with Bank of America, which was amended in February 2014. Under this agreement with Bank of America, from time to time, we may sell to Bank of America beneficial ownership interests in designated pools of qualifying, residential mortgage loans and the servicing rights relating thereto. The mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreement will terminate in March 2014, unless terminated earlier under certain circumstances provided for therein. Under the mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreement, Bank of America may enter into transactions with us to purchase participation certificates provided that the aggregate purchase price of such participation certificates as of any date shall not exceed $100,000.
On November 19, 2012, we entered into a master loan participation and servicing agreement with Bank of Virginia, with a maximum borrowing capacity of $60,000. The master loan participation and servicing agreement provided that we could, from time to time, sell to Bank of Virginia beneficial ownership interests in qualifying, single-family mortgage loans. This agreement expired in November 2013.
Through our December 2013 acquisition of Crossline, at December 31, 2013 we had warehouse lines of credit with Flagstar Bank and First Tennessee Bank with maximum borrowing capacities of $50,000 and $15,000, respectively, and expiration dates of July 2014 and August 2014, respectively. The Flagstar Bank and First Tennessee Bank warehouse lines of credit were terminated in February 2014 and January 2014, respectively, and the outstanding balances were repaid in full upon termination.
Operating Lines of Credit
In April 2009, we entered into a $1,000 operating line of credit agreement with Merit Bank, which was amended and restated in January 2014. The current agreement expires on June 30, 2014. Interest under the agreement is between 5.25% and 6% per annum. The line is collateralized by our stock in a closely held investment and the net servicing fee cash flows from and proceeds on approved sales of MSRs. Amounts outstanding under this line of credit amounted to $388 at December 31, 2013.
In January 2009, we entered into an operating line of credit agreement with Merchants Bank of Indiana to borrow up to $7,200, which was amended and restated in June 2013. The current agreement expires June 30, 2014. Interest under the agreement is at the prime rate (with a floor of 4%) per annum. The line is collateralized by the net servicing fee cash flows from and proceeds on approved sales of MSRs. Amounts outstanding under the line amounted to $6,111 at December 31, 2013.
The above mortgage funding and operating line of credit agreements contain covenants which include certain financial requirements, including maintenance of minimum tangible net worth, maximum debt to tangible net worth ratio, minimum liquidity, minimum current ratio, minimum profitability, and limitations on additional debt and transactions with affiliates, as defined in the agreement. We were in compliance with all significant covenants at December 31, 2013.
We intend to renew the mortgage funding arrangements and operating lines of credit when they mature. We expect to be able to renew such arrangements and do not foresee any challenges in doing so. All mortgage funding arrangement interest rates represent short-term rates consistent with prevailing market rates.
Term Loan
On March 29, 2013, we entered into a term loan agreement with Stonegate Investors Holdings, LLC, our principal stockholder, to borrow a bridge loan in the principal amount of $10,000 maturing on or before September 30, 2013 at a rate per annum equal to 5% compounded monthly commencing on the closing date and ending May 31, 2013, and thereafter at a rate per annum equal to 12.5% compounded monthly. Under the terms of the term loan agreement, we issued warrants to Stonegate Investors Holdings, LLC for the right to purchase 277,777 shares of our common stock at a price of $18.00 per share. Stonegate Investors Holdings, LLC has since transferred warrants to purchase a total of 39,062 shares of our common stock to its affiliate, Long Ridge Equity Partners, LLC, and to Glick Pluchenik 2011 Trust. The term loan agreement matured upon the consummation of our private equity offering in May 2013 and was repaid in full with $4,345 of cash and 314,147 shares of our common stock, at a per share price of $18.00, totaling $5,655, which were issued in our May 2013 private offering for the remaining balance on the term loan. The warrants are exercisable at any time through March 29, 2018. Because the warrants meet the criteria of a derivative financial instrument that is indexed to the Company’s own stock, the warrants’ allocable fair value of $1,522 was recorded as a component of additional paid in capital and resulted in a debt discount in the same amount. The debt discount was fully amortized into interest expense upon repayment of the term loan in full, resulting in $1,522 of interest expense during the year ended December 31, 2013.
Transfers of Financial Assets
We sell residential mortgage loans to or pursuant to programs sponsored by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae. We have continuing involvement in mortgage loans sold through servicing arrangements and the liability for loan indemnifications and repurchases under the representations and warranties we make to the purchasers and insurers of the loans we sell. We are exposed to interest rate risk through our continuing involvement with mortgage loans sold, including the mortgage servicing right asset, as the value of the asset fluctuates as changes in interest rates impact borrower prepayment on the underlying mortgage loans.
All mortgage loans we sell are sold on a non-recourse basis; however, representations and warranties are made that are customary for loan sale transactions, including eligibility characteristics of the mortgage loans and underwriting responsibilities, in connection with the sales of these assets.
In order to facilitate the origination and sale of mortgage loans held for sale, we have entered into various agreements with lenders. These agreements are in the form of loan participation agreements, repurchase agreements and warehouse lines of credit with banks and other financial institutions. Mortgage loans held for sale are considered sold when we surrender control over the financial assets and those financial assets are legally isolated from us in the event of our bankruptcy. For loan participations and repurchase agreements that meet the sale criteria, the transferred financial assets are derecognized from the balance sheet and a gain or loss is recognized upon sale. If the sale criteria are not met, the transfer is recorded as a secured borrowing in which the assets remain on the balance sheet and the proceeds from the transaction are recognized as a liability. We account for all loan participation and repurchase agreements as secured borrowings.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of December 31, 2013, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
Our estimated contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2013 are as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Payments Due by Period |
| | Total | | Less than 1 Year | | 1-3 Years | | 3-5 Years | | More than 5 Years |
Secured borrowings 1 | | $ | 357,007 |
| | $ | 357,007 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
Mortgage repurchase borrowings 1 | | 228,710 |
| | 228,710 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Warehouse lines of credit 1 | | 7,408 |
| | 7,408 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Operating lines of credit 1 | | 6,764 |
| | 6,764 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Operating lease commitments 2 | | 25,785 |
| | 4,684 |
| | 7,990 |
| | 6,747 |
| | 6,364 |
|
Liability for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications | | 3,709 |
| | 320 |
| | 1,406 |
| | 1,195 |
| | 788 |
|
Contingent earn-out liabilities 3 | | 3,791 |
| | 829 |
| | 2,403 |
| | 559 |
| | — |
|
Purchase obligation 4 | | 934 |
| | 311 |
| | 311 |
| | 312 |
| | — |
|
Total contractual obligations and commitments | | $ | 634,108 |
| | $ | 606,033 |
| | $ | 12,110 |
| | $ | 8,813 |
| | $ | 7,152 |
|
1 Includes estimated interest expense.
2 Represents lease obligations for office space and equipment under non-cancelable operating lease agreements.
3 Represents contingent consideration obligations related to our Crossline and NattyMac acquisitions. For additional information, see Note 4 “Business Combinations” to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
4 Includes purchase obligation for telecommunications equipment.
In addition to the above contractual obligations, the Company also had commitments to originate mortgage loans of $1,190,119 as of December 31, 2013. Commitments to originate mortgage loans do not necessarily reflect future cash requirements as some commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon and, therefore, those commitments have been excluded from the table above.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market risk is defined as the sensitivity of income, fair value measurements and capital to changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and other relevant market rates or prices. The primary market risks that we are exposed to are interest rate risks and the price risk associated with changes in interest rates. Interest rate risk is defined as risk to current or anticipated earnings or capital arising from movements in interest rates. Price risk is defined as the risk to current or anticipated earnings or capital arising from changes in the value of either assets or liabilities that are entered into as part of distributing or managing risk.
Our interest rate risk and price risk arise from the financial instruments and positions we hold. This includes mortgage loans held for sale, mortgage servicing rights, and derivative financial instruments. Due to the nature of our operations, we are not subject to foreign currency exchange or commodity price risk.
Our interest rate risk and the price risk associated with changes in interest rates are managed by a group of executive managers which identifies and manages the sensitivity of earnings or capital to changing interest rates to achieve our overall financial objectives. The members of this group include the Chief Financial Officer, acting as the chair, the Chief Executive Officer and other members of management. The committee meets monthly and is responsible for:
| |
• | understanding the nature and level of the Company’s interest rate risk and interest rate sensitivity; |
| |
• | assessing how that risk fits within our overall business strategies; and |
| |
• | ensuring an appropriate level of rigor and sophistication in the risk management process for the overall level of risk. |
Credit Risk
We have exposure to credit loss in the event of contractual non-performance by our trading counterparties and counterparties to the over-the-counter derivative financial instruments that we use in our rate risk management activities. We manage this credit risk by selecting only counterparties that we believe to be financially strong, spreading the credit risk among many such counterparties, by placing contractual limits on the amount of unsecured credit extended to any single counterparty and by entering into netting agreements with the counterparties, as appropriate. For additional information, refer to Note 5 “Derivative Financial Instruments” to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We also have exposure to credit loss in the event of non-repayment of amounts funded to correspondent customers through our NattyMac financing facility. We manage this credit risk by performing due diligence on the correspondent customers prior to lending. In addition, the correspondent customers pledge, as security to the Company, the underlying mortgage loans. We periodically review the warehouse lending receivables for collectability based on historical collection trends and management judgment regarding the ability to collect specific accounts.
Interest Rate Risk
Our principal market exposure is to interest rate risk, specifically long-term Treasury, LIBOR, and mortgage interest rates due to their impact on mortgage-related assets and commitments. Additionally, our escrow earnings on our mortgage servicing rights are sensitive to changes in short-term interest rates such as LIBOR. We also are exposed to changes in short-term interest rates on certain variable rate borrowings, primarily our mortgage warehouse lines of credit. We anticipate that such interest rates will remain our primary benchmark for market risk for the foreseeable future.
Our business is subject to variability in results of operations in both the mortgage origination and mortgage servicing activities due to fluctuations in interest rates. In a declining interest rate environment, we would expect our mortgage
production activities’ results of operations to be positively impacted by higher loan origination volumes and loan margins. In contrast, we would expect the results of operations of our mortgage servicing activities to decline due to higher actual and projected loan prepayments related to our loan servicing portfolio. In a rising interest rate environment, we would expect a negative impact on the results of operations of our mortgage production activities and our mortgage servicing activities’ results of operations to be positively impacted. The interaction between the results of operations of our mortgage activities is a core component of our overall interest rate risk strategy.
Although our mortgage funding arrangements (mortgage participation agreements, repurchase agreements and warehouse lines of credit) carry variable rates, the majority of those funding arrangements carry interest rates that are equal to the interest rates on the underlying mortgage loans. As of December 31, 2013, approximately $342,393, or 60%, of our total $572,562 in outstanding adjustable rate mortgage funding arrangements had interest rates that were equal to the underlying mortgage loans. The remaining 40% of the adjustable rate mortgage funding arrangements carried a weighted average interest rate of 2.58%, which was well below the weighted average interest rate on the related mortgage loans held for sale of 4.26% as of December 31, 2013. In addition, mortgage loans held for sale are carried on our balance sheet on average for only 15 - 20 days after closing and prior to transfer to FNMA, FHLMC or into pools of GNMA MBS. As a result, we believe that any negative impact related to our variable rate mortgage funding arrangements resulting from a shift in market interest rates would not be material to our consolidated financial statements as of or for the year ended December 31, 2013.
Interest rate lock commitments represent an agreement to extend credit to a mortgage loan applicant, or an agreement to purchase a loan from a third-party originator, whereby the interest rate on the loan is set prior to funding. Our mortgage loans held for sale, which are held in inventory awaiting sale into the secondary market, and our interest rate lock commitments, are subject to changes in mortgage interest rates from the date of the commitment through the sale of the loan into the secondary market. As such, we are exposed to interest rate risk and related price risk during the period from the date of the lock commitment through (i) the lock commitment cancellation or expiration date; or (ii) the date of sale into the secondary mortgage market. Loan commitments generally range between 30 and 90 days; and our holding period of the mortgage loan from funding to sale is typically within 30 days.
The Company manages the interest rate risk associated with its outstanding interest rate lock commitments and loans held for sale by entering into derivative loan instruments such as forward loan sales commitments and mandatory delivery commitments. Management expects these derivatives will experience changes in fair value opposite to changes in fair value of the derivative loan commitments and loans held for sale, thereby reducing earnings volatility. The Company takes into account various factors and strategies in determining the portion of the mortgage pipeline (derivative loan commitments) and mortgage loans held for sale it wants to economically hedge. Our expectation of how many of our interest rate lock commitments will ultimately close is a key factor in determining the notional amount of derivatives used in hedging the position.
Sensitivity Analysis
We have exposure to economic losses due to interest rate risk arising from changes in the level or volatility of market interest rates. We assess this risk based on changes in interest rates using a sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity analysis measures the potential impact on fair values based on hypothetical changes in interest rates.
We use financial models in determining the impact of interest rate shifts on our mortgage loan portfolio, MSR portfolio and pipeline derivatives (IRLC and forward MBS trades). A primary assumption used in these models is that an increase or decrease in the benchmark interest rate produces a parallel shift in the yield curve across all maturities.
We utilize a discounted cash flow analysis to determine the fair value of MSRs and the impact of parallel interest rate shifts on MSRs. The primary assumptions in this model are prepayment speeds, discount rates, costs of servicing and default rates. However, this analysis ignores the impact of interest rate changes on certain material variables, such as the benefit or detriment on the value of future loan originations, non-parallel shifts in the spread relationships between MBS, swaps and U.S. Treasury rates and changes in primary and secondary mortgage market spreads. For mortgage loans held for sale, IRLCs and forward delivery commitments on MBS, we rely on a model in determining the impact of interest rate shifts. In addition, for IRLCs, the borrowers’ likelihood to close their mortgage loans under the commitment is used as a primary assumption.
Our total market risk is influenced by a wide variety of factors including market volatility and the liquidity of the markets. There are certain limitations inherent in the sensitivity analysis presented, including the necessity to conduct the analysis based on a single point in time and the inability to include the complex market reactions that normally would arise from the market shifts modeled.
We used December 31, 2013 market rates on our instruments to perform the sensitivity analysis. The estimates are based on the market risk sensitivity portfolios described in the preceding paragraphs and assume instantaneous, parallel shifts in interest rate yield curves. Management uses sensitivity analysis, such as those summarized below, based on a hypothetical 25 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates, on a daily basis to monitor the risks associated with changes in interest rates to
our mortgage loans pipeline (the combination of mortgage loans held for sale, IRLCs and forward MBS trades). We believe the use of a 25 basis point shift (50 basis point range) is appropriate given the relatively short time period that the mortgage loans pipeline is held on our balance sheet and exposed to interest rate risk (during the processing, underwriting and closing stages of the mortgage loans which generally last approximately 60 days). We also actively manage our risk management strategy for our mortgage loans pipeline (through the use of economic hedges such as forward loan sale commitments and mandatory delivery commitments) and generally adjust our hedging position daily. In analyzing the interest rate risks associated with our MSRs, management also uses multiple sensitivity analyses (hypothetical 25, 50 and 100 basis point increases and decreases) to review the interest rate risk associated with its MSRs, as the MSRs asset is generally more sensitive to interest rate movements over a longer period of time.
These sensitivities are hypothetical and presented for illustrative purposes only. Changes in fair value based on variations in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in fair value may not be linear.
The following table summarizes the unfavorable estimated change in our mortgage loans pipeline as of December 31, 2013, given hypothetical instantaneous parallel shifts in the yield curve:
|
| | | | | | | |
| Down 25 bps | | Up 25 bps |
Mortgage loans pipeline1 | $ | (1,473 | ) | | $ | (1,138 | ) |
1 Represents unallocated mortgage loans held for sale, IRLCs and forward MBS trades that are considered “at risk” for purposes of illustrating interest rate sensitivity. Mortgage loans held for sale, IRLCs and forward MBS trades are considered to be unallocated when we have not committed the underlying mortgage loans for sale to the applicable GSEs.
Mortgage Servicing Rights
We use a discounted cash flow approach to estimate the fair value of MSRs. This approach consists of projecting servicing cash flows discounted at a rate that management believes market participants would use in the determination of value. The key assumptions used in the estimation of the fair value of MSRs include prepayment speeds, discount rates, default rates, cost to service, contractual servicing fees, escrow earnings and ancillary income. Our MSRs are subject to substantial interest rate risk as the mortgage loans underlying the MSRs permit the borrowers to prepay the loans. Therefore, the value of MSRs generally tends to vary with interest rate movements and the resulting changes in prepayment speeds. Although the level of interest rates is a key driver of prepayment activity, there are other factors that influence prepayments, including home prices, underwriting standards and product characteristics. Since our mortgage origination activities’ results of operations are also impacted by interest rate changes, our mortgage origination activities’ results of operations may fully or partially offset the change in fair value of MSRs over time. For additional information about the assumptions used in determining the fair value of our MSRs and a quantitative sensitivity analysis on our MSRs as of December 31, 2013, refer to Note 11, "Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets," to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following table summarizes the (unfavorable) favorable estimated change in our MSRs as of December 31, 2013, given hypothetical instantaneous parallel shifts in the yield curve:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Down 100 bps | | Down 50 bps | | Down 25 bps | | Up 25 bps | | Up 50 bps | | Up 100 bps |
MSRs | $ | (35,409 | ) | | $ | (15,168 | ) | | $ | (6,958 | ) | | $ | 6,218 |
| | $ | 11,843 |
| | $ | 21,727 |
|
Prepayment Risk
To the extent that the actual prepayment rate on the mortgage loans underlying our MSRs differs from what we projected when we initially recognized the MSRs and when we measured fair value as of the end of each reporting period, the carrying value of our investment in MSRs will be affected. In general, an increase in prepayment expectations will accelerate the amortization of our MSRs accounted for using the amortization method and decrease our estimates of the fair value of both the MSRs accounted for using the amortization method and those accounted for using the fair value method, thereby reducing net servicing income.
Inflation Risk
Virtually all of our assets and liabilities are interest rate sensitive in nature. As a result, interest rates and other factors will influence our performance more than inflation. Changes in interest rates do not necessarily correlate with inflation rates or
changes in inflation rates. Furthermore, our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and our activities and balance sheet are measured with reference to historical cost and/or fair value without considering inflation.
Market Value Risk
Our mortgage loans held for sale and MSRs (beginning January 1, 2013) are reported at their estimated fair values. The fair value of these assets fluctuates primarily due to changes in interest rates.
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ITEM 8. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA |
STONEGATE MORTGAGE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
Contents
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Stonegate Mortgage Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2013, and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows, for the year ended December 31, 2013. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Stonegate Mortgage Corporation and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2013, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Indianapolis, Indiana
March 14, 2014, except as to the effects of the reportable business segment changes as described in Notes 1 and 20, as to which the date is January 14, 2015
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Indianapolis, Indiana
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Stonegate Mortgage Corporation as of December 31, 2012, and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Stonegate Mortgage Corporation as of December 31, 2012, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
/s/ Richey, May & Co., LLP
Englewood, Colorado
March 30, 2013, except for the effects of the segment changes included in Notes 1 and 20 as to which the date is January 14, 2015
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Consolidated Balance Sheets
|
| | | | | | | |
(In thousands, except share and per share data) | December 31, 2013 | | December 31, 2012 |
| | | |
Assets | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 43,104 |
| | $ | 15,056 |
|
Restricted cash | 730 |
| | 3,445 |
|
Mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value | 683,080 |
| | 218,624 |
|
Servicing advances | 4,177 |
| | 938 |
|
Derivative assets | 19,673 |
| | 11,989 |
|
Mortgage servicing rights, at fair value | 170,294 |
| | — |
|
Mortgage servicing rights, at lower of amortized cost or fair value | — |
| | 42,202 |
|
Property and equipment, net | 12,640 |
| | 4,026 |
|
Goodwill | 3,638 |
| | — |
|
Intangible assets, net | 5,434 |
| | 3,590 |
|
Investment in closely held entity, at cost | 440 |
| | 740 |
|
Loans eligible for repurchase from GNMA | 26,268 |
| | 7,116 |
|
Notes receivable from stockholders | — |
| | 222 |
|
Warehouse lending receivables | 12,089 |
| | — |
|
Other assets | 8,322 |
| | 1,658 |
|
Total assets | $ | 989,889 |
| | $ | 309,606 |
|
| | | |
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity | | | |
Liabilities | | | |
Secured borrowings | 342,393 |
| | 102,675 |
|
Mortgage repurchase borrowings | 223,113 |
| | 100,301 |
|
Warehouse lines of credit | 7,056 |
| | — |
|
Operating lines of credit | 6,499 |
| | 5,131 |
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 37,052 |
| | 18,606 |
|
Derivative liabilities | 3,520 |
| | 1,787 |
|
Reserve for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications | 3,709 |
| | 1,917 |
|
Due to related parties | 608 |
| | 348 |
|
Contingent earn-out liabilities | 3,791 |
| | 2,095 |
|
Liability for loans eligible for repurchase from GNMA | 26,268 |
| | 7,116 |
|
Deferred income tax liabilities, net | 28,379 |
| | 14,381 |
|
Total liabilities | $ | 682,388 |
| | $ | 254,357 |
|
| | | |
Commitments and contingencies - Note 16 |
|
| |
|
|
| | | |
Stockholders’ equity | | | |
Preferred stock, without par value, shares authorized – 25,000,000; shares issued and outstanding – 0 and 8,342,112 | — |
| | 33,000 |
|
Common stock, par value $0.01, shares authorized – 100,000,000; shares issued and outstanding: 25,769,236 and 3,464,798 | 264 |
| | 35 |
|
Treasury stock, at cost – 0 and 630,699 shares | — |
| | (1,820 | ) |
Additional paid-in capital | 263,830 |
| | 3,198 |
Retained earnings | 43,407 |
| | 20,836 |
Total stockholders’ equity | 307,501 |
| | 55,249 |
| | | |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 989,889 |
| | $ | 309,606 |
|
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Income
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
(In thousands, except per share data) | Year ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
Revenues | | | | | |
Gains on mortgage loans held for sale | 83,327 |
| | $ | 71,420 |
| | $ | 16,735 |
|
Changes in mortgage servicing rights valuation | 14,422 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Loan origination and other loan fees | 21,227 |
| | 9,871 |
| | 4,288 |
|
Loan servicing fees | 22,204 |
| | 5,908 |
| | 2,628 |
|
Interest income | 16,767 |
| | 5,257 |
| | 2,371 |
|
Other revenue | — |
| | 1,172 |
| | — |
|
Total revenues | 157,947 |
| | 93,628 |
| | 26,022 |
|
| | | | | |
Expenses | | | | | |
Salaries, commissions and benefits | 72,475 |
| | 32,737 |
| | 13,085 |
|
General and administrative expense | 23,085 |
| | 7,706 |
| | 3,163 |
|
Interest expense | 14,426 |
| | 6,239 |
| | 2,728 |
|
Occupancy, equipment and communication | 9,843 |
| | 2,999 |
| | 1,607 |
|
Impairment of mortgage servicing rights | — |
| | 11,698 |
| | 2 |
|
Amortization of mortgage servicing rights | — |
| | 3,679 |
| | 960 |
|
Provision for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications | (417 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Depreciation and amortization expense | 2,209 |
| | 750 |
| | 357 |
|
Loss on disposal of property and equipment | 105 |
| | 11 |
| | 86 |
|
Total expenses | 121,726 |
| | 65,819 |
| | 21,988 |
|
| | | | | |
Income before income tax expense | 36,221 |
| | 27,809 |
| | 4,034 |
|
Income tax expense | 13,623 |
| | 10,724 |
| | 1,699 |
|
Net income | 22,598 |
| | 17,085 |
| | $ | 2,335 |
|
Less: preferred stock dividends | (27 | ) | | (119 | ) | | (257 | ) |
Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 22,571 |
| | $ | 16,966 |
| | $ | 2,078 |
|
| | | | | |
Earnings per share | | | | | |
Basic | $ | 1.61 |
| | $ | 5.31 |
| | $ | 0.70 |
|
Diluted | $ | 1.32 |
| | $ | 2.26 |
| | $ | 0.59 |
|
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(In thousands) | Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Treasury Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Total Stockholders' Equity |
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount |
Balance at December 31, 2010 | 430 |
| $ | 1,550 |
| 2,853 |
| $ | 29 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 3,558 |
| $ | 1,792 |
| $ | 6,929 |
|
Net income | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 2,335 |
| 2,335 |
|
Issuance of common stock | — |
| — |
| 204 |
| 2 |
| — |
| 498 |
| — |
| 500 |
|
Issuance of Series C preferred stock, net of issuance costs | 263 |
| 950 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| (41 | ) | — |
| 909 |
|
Preferred stock dividends | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| (257 | ) | (257 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2011 | 693 |
| $ | 2,500 |
| 3,057 |
| $ | 31 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 4,015 |
| $ | 3,870 |
| $ | 10,416 |
|
Net income | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 17,085 |
| 17,085 |
|
Stock-based compensation expense | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 13 |
| — |
| 13 |
|
Preferred stock dividends | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| (119 | ) | (119 | ) |
Issuance of common stock | — |
| — |
| 408 |
| 4 |
| — |
| 996 |
| | 1,000 |
|
Issuance of Series D preferred stock, net of issuance costs | 8,065 |
| 32,000 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| (1,826 | ) | — |
| 30,174 |
|
Redemption of Series A preferred stock | (416 | ) | (1,500 | ) | | | | | | (1,500 | ) |
Purchases of treasury stock | — |
| — |
| (631 | ) | — |
| (1,820 | ) | — |
| — |
| (1,820 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2012 | 8,342 |
| $ | 33,000 |
| 2,834 |
| $ | 35 |
| $ | (1,820 | ) | $ | 3,198 |
| $ | 20,836 |
| $ | 55,249 |
|
Net income | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 22,598 |
| 22,598 |
|
Stock-based compensation expense | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 2,452 |
| — |
| 2,452 |
|
Issuance of stock warrant | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 1,522 |
| — |
| 1,522 |
|
Issuance of common stock under discretionary incentive plan | — |
| — |
| 39 |
| — |
| 113 |
| 325 |
| — |
| 438 |
|
Preferred stock dividends | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| (27 | ) | (27 | ) |
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock | (8,342 | ) | (33,000 | ) | 8,342 |
| 84 |
| — |
| 32,916 |
| — |
| — |
|
Issuance of common stock under private offering, net of initial purchaser's discount, placement fee and issuance costs | — |
| — |
| 6,389 |
| 64 |
| — |
| 104,536 |
| — |
| 104,600 |
|
Issuance of common stock under initial public offering, net of underwriters' discount and issuance costs | — |
| — |
| 8,165 |
| 81 |
| 1,707 |
| 118,881 |
| — |
| 120,669 |
|
Balance at December 31, 2013 | — |
| $ | — |
| 25,769 |
| $ | 264 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 263,830 |
| $ | 43,407 |
| $ | 307,501 |
|
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
(In thousands) | Year ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
Operating activities | | | | | |
Net income | $ | 22,598 |
| | $ | 17,085 |
| | $ | 2,335 |
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization expense | 2,209 |
| | 750 |
| | 357 |
|
Loss on disposal of property and equipment | 105 |
| | 11 |
| | 86 |
|
Bargain purchase gain | — |
| | (1,172 | ) | | — |
|
Amortization of debt discount | 1,522 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Forgiveness of note receivable from stockholder | 214 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Gains on mortgage loans held for sale | (83,327 | ) | | (71,420 | ) | | (16,735 | ) |
Amortization of mortgage servicing rights | — |
| | 3,679 |
| | 960 |
|
Impairment of mortgage servicing rights | — |
| | 11,698 |
| | 2 |
|
Changes in mortgage servicing rights valuation | (14,422 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Provision for reserve for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications | (417 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Stock-based compensation expense | 2,579 |
| | 13 |
| | — |
|
Deferred income tax expense | 13,623 |
| | 10,724 |
| | 1,699 |
|
Change in contingent earn-out liability | (10 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Proceeds from sales and principal payments of mortgage loans held for sale | 8,243,802 |
| | 3,318,047 |
| | 1,068,264 |
|
Originations and purchases of mortgage loans held for sale | (8,706,887 | ) | | (3,449,407 | ) | | (1,050,434 | ) |
Repurchases and indemnifications of previously sold loans | (4,070 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | | |
Restricted cash | 2,945 |
| | (3,445 | ) | | 750 |
|
Servicing advances | (3,239 | ) | | (591 | ) | | (21 | ) |
Warehouse lending receivables | (12,089 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Other assets | (5,466 | ) | | (866 | ) | | (510 | ) |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 16,721 |
| | 13,668 |
| | 2,455 |
|
Reserve for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications | (237 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Due to related parties | 260 |
| | 146 |
| | — |
|
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | (523,586 | ) | | (151,080 | ) | | 9,208 |
|
Investing activities | | | | | |
Purchase of subsidiary in a business combination, net of cash acquired | (5,435 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Purchases of property and equipment | (9,939 | ) | | (2,827 | ) | | (1,226 | ) |
Purchase of assets in a business combination | (484 | ) | | (512 | ) | | — |
|
Purchase of mortgage servicing rights | (1,543 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Repayment of notes receivable from stockholder | 8 |
| | 68 |
| | (63 | ) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (17,393 | ) | | (3,271 | ) | | (1,289 | ) |
Financing activities | | | | | |
Proceeds from borrowings under mortgage funding arrangements and operating lines of credit | 18,516,065 |
| | 145,083 |
| | 6,055 |
|
Repayments of borrowings under mortgage funding arrangements and operating lines of credit | (18,172,266 | ) | | (3,064 | ) | | (16,044 | ) |
Proceeds from borrowing from stockholder | 10,000 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Repayment of borrowing from stockholder | (4,345 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Proceeds from borrowing of subordinated debt | — |
| | — |
| | 750 |
|
Repayment of borrowing of subordinated debt | — |
| | (750 | ) | | — |
|
Payments of capital lease obligations | (14 | ) | | — |
| | (8 | ) |
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock | 225,573 |
| | 1,000 |
| | 500 |
|
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock | — |
| | 32,000 |
| | 909 |
|
Payment for redemption of preferred stock | — |
| | (1,500 | ) | | — |
|
Purchase of treasury stock | — |
| | (1,820 | ) | | — |
|
Payment of equity issuance costs | (5,959 | ) | | (1,826 | ) | | — |
|
Preferred stock dividends | (27 | ) | | (119 | ) | | (257 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 569,027 |
| | 169,004 |
| | (8,095 | ) |
Change in cash and cash equivalents | 28,048 |
| | 14,653 |
| | (176 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 15,056 |
| | 403 |
| | 579 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 43,104 |
| | $ | 15,056 |
| | $ | 403 |
|
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data or As Otherwise Stated Herein)
1. Organization and Operations
References to the terms “we”, “our”, “us”, “Stonegate” or the “Company” used throughout these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements refer to Stonegate Mortgage Corporation and, unless the context otherwise requires, its wholly-owned subsidiaries. The Company was initially incorporated in the State of Indiana in January 2005. As a result of an acquisition and subsequent merger with Swain Mortgage Company in 2009, the Company is now an Ohio corporation. The Company’s headquarters is in Indianapolis, Indiana.
The Company is a non-bank integrated mortgage company focused on the U.S. residential mortgage market and is comprised of three operating segments: Originations, Servicing and Financing. Since the date of the Company’s IPO, the
Company has continued its development of internal management reporting. Such development has resulted in changes in the
information that is provided to the Company’s chief operating decision maker. Accordingly, during the quarter ended
September 30, 2014, management re-evaluated this information in relation to its definition of its operating segments. As a result
of this new information provided to the chief operating decision maker, management has concluded that its Mortgage Banking
operations should be disclosed as three segments: Originations, Servicing and Financing. Prior period segment disclosures have
been restated to conform segment disclosures. See Note 20. This determination is based on the Company’s current organizational structure, which reflects how the chief operating decision maker evaluates the performance of the business.
The Company originates, acquires, sells, finances and services residential mortgage loans. The Company predominantly sells mortgage loans to the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae” or “FNMA”), to the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac” or “FHLMC”), to financial institution secondary market investors and in Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae” or “GNMA”) pools of mortgage backed securities (“MBS”). Both FNMA and FHLMC are considered government-sponsored enterprises ("GSEs"). The Originations segment primarily originates and sells residential mortgage loans, which conform to the underwriting guidelines of the GSEs and government agencies and non-agency whole loan investors. The Company’s integrated and scalable residential mortgage banking platform enables us to efficiently and effectively originate, acquire, sell, finance and service residential mortgage loans. The Company’s platform and operating model provides its constituents visibility and access to essential data, documents and analytics related to the loan and originator performance over time. The Servicing segment includes loan administration, collection and default activities, including the collection and remittance of loan payments, responding to customer inquiries, collection of principal and interest payments, holding custodial funds for the payment of property taxes and insurance premiums, counseling delinquent mortgagors, modifying loans and supervising foreclosures on the Company’s property dispositions. The Financing segment includes warehouse-lending activities to correspondent customers by the Company’s NattyMac subsidiary, which commenced operations in July 2013.
The Company’s principal sources of revenue include (i) gain on sale of mortgage loans from loan securitizations and whole loan sales, and fee income from originations, (ii) fee income from loan servicing, and (iii) fee and net interest income from its financing facilities.
2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation: The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Stonegate and its subsidiaries and have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-K as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly significant relate to the Company’s fair value measurements of mortgage loans held for sale, mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”), derivative assets and liabilities goodwill and other intangible assets, as well as its estimates for the reserve for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications and income tax estimates for deferred tax assets valuation allowance considerations.
Risks and Uncertainties: In the normal course of business, companies in the mortgage banking industry encounter certain economic and regulatory risks. Economic risks include interest rate risk and credit risk. The Company is subject to interest rate risk to the extent that in a rising interest rate environment, the Company may experience a decrease in loan production, as well as decreases in the value of mortgage loans held for sale and in commitments to originate loans, which may negatively impact the Company’s operations. Conversely, in a decreasing interest rate environment, the value of the Company’s MSRs may decrease, which could negatively impact the Company’s operations. Credit risk is the risk of default that may result from the borrowers’ inability or unwillingness to make contractually required payments during the period in which loans are being held for sale.
The Company sells loans to investors without recourse. As such, the investors have assumed the risk of loss or default by the borrower. However, the Company is usually required by these investors to make certain standard representations
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
and warranties relating to credit information, loan documentation and collateral. To the extent that the Company does not comply with such representations, the Company may be required to repurchase the loans or indemnify these investors for any losses from borrower defaults. The Company performs due diligence prior to funding mortgage loans as part of its loan underwriting process, whereby the Company analyzes credit, collateral and compliance risk of all loans in an effort to ensure the mortgage loans the investors’ standards. However, if a loan is repurchased, the Company could incur a loss as part of recording such loan at fair value, which may be less than the amount paid to purchase the loan. In addition, if loans pay off within a specified time frame, the Company may be required to refund a portion of the sales proceeds to the investors.
The Company’s business requires substantial cash to support its operating activities. As a result, the Company is dependent on its lines of credit, and other financing facilities in order to finance its continued operations. If the Company’s principal lenders decided to terminate or not to renew any of these credit facilities with the Company, the loss of borrowing capacity would have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial statements unless the Company found a suitable alternative source of financing.
Consolidation: The Company’s loans held for sale are sold predominantly to FNMA. The Company also transfers loans in GNMA guaranteed mortgage backed securities (“MBS”) by pooling eligible loans through a pool custodian and assigning rights to the loans to GNMA. FNMA and GNMA provide credit enhancement of the loans through certain guarantee provisions. These securitizations involve variable interest entities (“VIEs”) as the trusts or similar vehicles, by design, that either (1) lack sufficient equity to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties, or (2) have equity investors that do not have the ability to make significant decisions relating to the entity’s operations through voting rights, or do not have the obligation to absorb the expected losses, or do not have the right to receive the residual returns of the entity.
The primary beneficiary of a VIE (i.e., the party that has a controlling financial interest) is required to consolidate the assets and liabilities of the VIE. The primary beneficiary is the party that has both (1) the power to direct the activities of an entity that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance; and (2) through its interests in the VIE, the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company typically retains the right to service the loans. Because of the power of FNMA and GNMA over the VIEs that hold the assets from these residential mortgage loan securitizations, principally through its rights and responsibilities as master servicer for FNMA and as approver of issuers for GNMA and the guarantee provisions provided by FNMA and GNMA, the Company is not the primary beneficiary of the VIEs and therefore the VIEs are not consolidated by the Company.
The Company performs on-going reassessments of: (1) whether entities previously evaluated under the majority voting-interest framework have become VIEs, based on certain events, and therefore become subject to the VIE consolidation framework; and (2) whether changes in the facts and circumstances regarding the Company’s involvement with a VIE cause the Company’s consolidation determination to change.
Revenue Recognition:
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale: Mortgage loans held for sale are carried at fair value under the fair value option with changes in fair value recognized in current period earnings. At the date of funding of the mortgage loan held for sale, the funded amount of the loan, the related derivative asset or liability of the associated interest rate lock commitment, less direct loan costs (including but not limited to correspondent fees, broker premiums and underwriting expenses) becomes the initial recorded investment in the mortgage loan held for sale. Such amount approximates the fair value of the loan.
Mortgage loans held for sale are considered de-recognized, or sold, when the Company surrenders control over the financial assets. Control is considered to have been surrendered when the transferred assets have been isolated from the Company, beyond the reach of the Company and its creditors; the purchaser obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets; and the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement that both entitles and obligates the Company to repurchase or redeem the transferred assets before their maturity or the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific assets. Such transfers may involve securitizations, participation agreements or repurchase agreements. If the criteria above are not met, such transfers are accounted for as secured borrowings, in which the assets remain on the balance sheet, the proceeds from the transaction are recognized as a liability and no MSRs are recorded for those transferred loans.
Gains and losses from the sale of mortgages are recognized based upon the difference between the sales proceeds and carrying value of the related loans upon sale and is recorded in gain on mortgage loans held for sale in the statement of operations. The sales proceeds reflect the cash received and the initial fair value of the separately recognized mortgage servicing rights less the fair value of the liability for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications. Gain on mortgage loans held
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
for sale also includes the unrealized gains and losses associated with the mortgage loans held for sale and the realized and unrealized gains and losses from derivatives.
Mortgage Servicing Rights and Change in Mortgage Servicing Rights Valuation: The Company capitalizes MSRs at fair value when purchased or at the time the underlying loans are de-recognized, or sold, and when the Company retains the right to service such loans. To determine the fair value of the MSRs, the Company uses a valuation model that calculates the present value of future cash flows from servicing. The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income, including estimates of the cost of servicing, the discount rate, float value, the inflation rate, estimated prepayment speeds, and default rates. MSRs currently are not actively traded in the markets, accordingly, considerable judgment is required to estimate their fair value and the exercise of that judgment can materially impact current period earnings.
For periods prior to January 1, 2013, the Company accounted for the subsequent measurement of its MSRs at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. Effective January 1, 2013, the Company elected to irrevocably account for the subsequent measurement of its existing MSRs using the fair value method, whereby the subsequent changes in the fair value of the MSRs are recorded in earnings during the period in which the changes occur. Under the fair value method, the fair value of the MSRs is assessed at each reporting date using the methods described above. In accordance with the applicable GAAP guidance, this change in accounting principle was accounted for on a prospective basis (financial statement periods prior to 2013 were not restated). The Company did not record a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2013, as the net amortized carrying value of the MSRs as of January 1, 2013 equaled the fair value at such date due to MSR impairment charges recorded during 2012.
Loan Origination and Other Loan Fees: Loan origination and other loan fee income represents revenue earned from originating mortgage loans. Loan origination and other loan fees generally represent flat, per-loan fee amounts and are recognized as revenue, net of loan origination costs (excluding those loan origination costs that are recorded as a component of the recorded investment in mortgage loans held for sale), at the time the loans are funded.
Loan Servicing Fees: Loan servicing fee income represents revenue earned for servicing mortgage loans. The servicing fees are based on a contractual percentage of the outstanding principal balance and recognized as revenue as the related mortgage payments are collected. Corresponding loan servicing costs are charged to expense as incurred.
Interest Income: Interest income on mortgage loans is accrued to income based upon the principal amount outstanding and contractual interest rates. Income recognition is discontinued when loans become 90 days delinquent or when in management’s opinion, the collectability of principal and income becomes doubtful.
Warehouse Lending Receivables: During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company introduced its warehouse lending products to its correspondent customers through warehouse line of credit agreements. Under the warehouse line of credit agreements, the Company lends funds to its correspondent customers to finance those correspondents' mortgage loan originations. The correspondent customers pledge, as security to the Company, the underlying mortgage loans, and pay interest on the related outstanding borrowings at a specified interest rate plus a margin, as defined in the underlying line of credit agreements with each correspondent customer. As of December 31, 2013, the Company had outstanding warehouse lending receivables from its correspondent customers of $12,089 and recognized interest income from its warehouse lending activities of $92 during the year ended December 31, 2013. The Company periodically reviews the counterparties and warehouse lending receivables for collectability based on historical collection trends and management judgment regarding the ability to collect specific accounts and has determined that no allowance for doubtful accounts was necessary as of December 31, 2013.
Derivative Financial Instruments: All derivative financial instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities and measured at fair value. The Company accounts for all of its derivatives as free-standing derivatives and does not designate any for hedge accounting. Therefore, the gain or loss resulting from the change in the fair value of the derivative is recognized in the Company’s results of operations during the period of change.
The Company enters into commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale, at specified interest rates and within a specified period of time, with customers who have applied for a loan and meet certain credit and underwriting criteria (interest rate lock commitments). These interest rate lock commitments (“IRLCs”) meet the definition of a derivative financial instrument and are reflected in the balance sheet at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in current period earnings. Unrealized gains and losses on the IRLCs are recorded as derivative assets and derivative liabilities, respectively, and are measured based on the value of the underlying mortgage loan, quoted MBS prices, estimates of the fair value of the mortgage servicing rights and the probability that the mortgage loan will fund within the terms of the interest rate lock commitment, net of estimated commission expenses.
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
The Company manages the interest rate and price risk associated with its outstanding IRLCs and loans held for sale by entering into derivative instruments such as forward loan sales commitments and mandatory delivery commitments. Management expects these derivatives will experience changes in fair value opposite to changes in fair value of the IRLCs and loans held for sale, thereby reducing earnings volatility. The Company takes into account various factors and strategies in determining the portion of the mortgage pipeline (IRLCs) and loans held for sale it wants to economically hedge.
To the extent derivatives subject to master netting arrangements meet applicable requirements, the Company presents the derivative balances and related cash collateral amounts net on the balance sheet.
Reserve for Loan Repurchases and Indemnifications: Loans sold to investors by the Company and which met investor and agency underwriting guidelines at the time of sale may be subject to repurchase or indemnification in the event of specific default by the borrower or subsequent discovery that underwriting standards were not met. The Company may, upon mutual agreement, agree to repurchase the loans or indemnify the investor against future losses on such loans. In such cases, the Company bears any subsequent credit loss on the loans. The Company has established an initial reserve liability for expected losses related to these representations and warranties at the date the loans are de-recognized from the balance sheet based on the fair value of such reserve liability. Subsequently, based on changing facts and circumstances or changes in certain estimates and assumptions, the reserve liability is adjusted with a corresponding amount recorded to provision for reserve for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications. In assessing the adequacy of the reserve, management evaluates various factors including actual losses on repurchases and indemnifications during the period, historical loss experience, known delinquent and other problem loans, delinquency trends in the portfolio of sold loans and economic trends and conditions in the industry. Actual losses incurred are reflected as charge-offs against the reserve liability.
Loans Eligible for Repurchase from GNMA: When the Company has the unilateral right to repurchase GNMA pool loans it has previously sold (generally loans that are more than 90 days past due), the Company then records the loan on its balance sheet. The recognition of previously sold loans does not impact the accounting for the previously recognized mortgage servicing rights. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, delinquent or defaulted mortgage loans currently in GNMA pools that the Company had recognized as a liability on its consolidated balance sheets totaled $26,268 and $7,116, respectively.
Servicing Advances: Servicing advances represent escrows and advances paid by the Company on behalf of customers and investors to cover delinquent balances for property taxes, insurance premiums and other out-of-pocket costs. Advances are made in accordance with the servicing agreements and are recoverable upon collection of future borrower payments or foreclosure of the underlying loans. The Company periodically reviews these receivables for collectability and amounts are written off when they are deemed uncollectible. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had recognized an asset for servicing advances on its consolidated balance sheet of $4,177 and $938, respectively.
Property and Equipment: Property and equipment is recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of three to ten years for furniture and equipment and three years for computer software. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the related lease term or their estimated economic useful lives.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets: Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Acquired intangible assets are recognized and reported separately from goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess cost of acquisition over the fair value of net assets acquired. Finite-lived purchased intangible assets consist of a trade name, customer relationships, non-compete agreement, an active agent list and state licenses, which have useful lives of four years, eight years, three years, five years and one year, respectively. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated lives using a straight line amortization method. The Company evaluates the estimated remaining useful lives on intangible assets to determine whether events or changes in circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining periods of amortization. If an intangible asset’s estimated useful life is changed, the remaining net carrying amount of the intangible asset is amortized prospectively over that revised remaining useful life. Additionally, an intangible asset that initially is deemed to have a finite useful life would cease being amortized if it is subsequently determined to have an indefinite useful life. Such intangible asset is then tested for impairment. The Company reviews such intangibles for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate their carrying amounts may not be recoverable, in which case an impairment charge would be recorded to earnings.
Indefinite-lived purchased intangible assets consist of trade names. Goodwill and other intangible assets with an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortization but are reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an intangible asset may not be recoverable. The Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that is more likely than not that goodwill or other indefinite-lived intangible assets are impaired. If the Company determines that it is more likely than not that goodwill or other intangible assets are impaired, a quantitative impairment test is
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
performed. For the quantitative impairment test, the Company estimates and compares the fair value of the goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible asset with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the goodwill or other intangible asset exceeds its fair value, the amount of the impairment is measured as the difference between the carrying amount of the asset and its fair value. Impairment is permanently recognized by writing down the asset to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value.
Long-Lived Assets: The Company periodically assesses long-lived assets, including property and equipment and definite-lived intangible assets, for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If management identifies an impairment indicator, it assesses recoverability by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. An impairment loss is recognized in earnings whenever the carrying amount is not recoverable. No such impairments were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011.
Investment in Closely Held Entity: Investment in closely held entity consists of shares of voting common and preferred stock, which the Company owns in a non-publicly traded entity. The investment is carried at cost as the Company does not exercise significant influence over the entity’s operating and financial activities. The Company periodically evaluates this investment for impairment and no impairment charges were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011.
Stock Split: On May 14, 2013, the Company granted a stock dividend of 12.861519 shares of common stock for each share of common stock held as of that date, which was determined to be in substance a stock split for accounting and financial reporting purposes. All actual share, weighted-average share and per share amounts and all references to stock compensation data and prices of the Company’s common stock have been adjusted to reflect this stock split for all periods presented.
Stock-Based Compensation: The Company grants stock options and restricted stock units to certain executive officers, key employees and independent directors. Stock options have been granted for a fixed number of shares with an exercise price at least equal to the fair value of the shares at the date of grant. Restricted stock units have been granted for a fixed number of shares with a fair value equal to the fair value of the Company's common stock on the grant date. The stock options and restricted stock units granted are recognized as compensation expense in the statement of operations based on their grant-date fair values.
Advertising and Marketing: The Company uses primarily print, broadcast and web-based advertising and marketing to promote its products. Advertising and marketing is expensed as incurred and totaled $2,317, $1,059 and $414 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011.
Income Taxes: Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs.
The Company’s income tax expense includes assessments related to uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken by the Company. Management has concluded that it currently does not have any significant uncertain tax positions. If applicable, the Company will recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. The open tax years subject to examination by taxing authorities include the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009. The Company had no federal or state tax examinations in process as of December 31, 2013.
Cash and Cash Equivalents: The Company classifies cash and temporary investments with original maturities of three months or less as cash and cash equivalents, which totaled $43,104 and $15,056 at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The Company typically maintains cash in financial institutions in excess of FDIC limits. The Company evaluates the creditworthiness of these financial institutions in determining the risk associated with these cash balances.
Restricted Cash: The Company maintains certain cash balances that are restricted under broker margin account agreements associated with its derivative activities.
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements: As of December 31, 2013, the Company did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Recent Accounting Developments: ASU No. 2014-04, "Receivables--Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors (Subtopic 310-40): Reclassification of Residential Real Estate Collateralized Consumer Mortgage Loans Upon Foreclosure," was issued in January 2014. This update clarifies when a creditor is considered to have received physical possession of residential real estate property collateralized by a consumer mortgage loan in order to reduce diversity in practice for when a creditor derecognizes the loan receivable and recognizes the real estate property. The guidance in ASU No. 2014-04 also requires interim and annual disclosure of the amount of foreclosed residential real estate property held by the creditor and the recorded investment in consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that are in the process of foreclosure. The new guidance will be effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2015. The Company is currently evaluating the guidance under ASU 2014-04 and have not yet determined the impact, if any, on its consolidated financial statements.
ASU No. 2013-01, “Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities” was issued in January 2013. This update clarifies the scope of transactions that are subject to the disclosures about offsetting, specifically that ordinary trade receivables and receivables are not in the scope of ASU No. 2011-11. ASU No. 2011-11 applies only to derivatives, repurchase agreements and reverse purchase agreements, and securities borrowing and securities lending transactions that are offset in accordance with specific criteria contained in FASB Accounting Standards Codification or subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement. ASU 2013-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2013, and interim periods within those annual periods. The adoption of ASU 2013-01 did not materially impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Prior Period Reclassifications: Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.
3. Earnings Per Share
The following is a reconciliation of net income attributable to common stockholders and a table summarizing the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
Net income: | | | | | |
Net income | $ | 22,598 |
| | $ | 17,085 |
| | $ | 2,335 |
|
Less: Preferred stock dividends | (27 | ) | | (119 | ) | | $ | (257 | ) |
Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 22,571 |
| | $ | 16,966 |
| | $ | 2,078 |
|
| | | | | |
Weighted average shares outstanding (in thousands): | | | | | |
Denominator for basic earnings per share – weighted average common shares outstanding | 14,062 |
| | 3,193 |
| | 2,985 |
|
Effect of dilutive shares—employee and director stock options, restricted stock units and convertible preferred stock | 3,051 |
| | 4,324 |
| | 533 |
|
Denominator for diluted earnings per share | 17,113 |
| | 7,517 |
| | 3,518 |
|
| | | | | |
Earnings per share: | | | | | |
Basic | $ | 1.61 |
| | $ | 5.31 |
| | $ | 0.70 |
|
Diluted | $ | 1.32 |
| | $ | 2.26 |
| | $ | 0.59 |
|
During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 weighted average shares of 1,812,354, 65,107 and 0, respectively, were excluded from the denominator for diluted earnings per share because the shares (which related to stock options, restricted stock units and warrants) were anti-dilutive.
4. Business Combinations
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
Acquisition of Crossline Capital, Inc.
On December 19, 2013 the Company completed its acquisition of Crossline Capital, Inc. ("Crossline"), a California-based mortgage lender that originates, funds, and services residential mortgages. The acquisition of Crossline will allow the Company to increase its origination volume through geographic expansion. Crossline is licensed to originate mortgages in 20 states including Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Utah, Virginia and Washington, and is an approved FNMA Seller Servicer. In addition, it operates two national mortgage origination call centers in Lake Forest, CA and Scottsdale, AZ and also operates retail mortgage origination branches in seven other locations in Southern California.
The following table summarizes the total consideration transferred to acquire Crossline and the preliminary fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date:
|
| | | |
Consideration: | |
Cash consideration | $ | 9,765 |
|
Fair value of contingent consideration | 1,706 |
|
Total consideration | 11,471 |
|
Fair value of assets acquired: | |
Cash and cash equivalents (including restricted cash) | 3,688 |
|
Mortgage loans held for sale | 28,394 |
|
Identified intangible assets | 2,204 |
|
MSRs | 344 |
|
Other assets | 2,333 |
|
Total fair value of assets acquired | 36,963 |
|
Fair value of liabilities assumed: | |
Warehouse lines of credit | 27,454 |
|
Other liabilities | 1,676 |
|
Total fair value of liabilities assumed | 29,130 |
|
Fair value of net assets acquired | 7,833 |
|
Preliminary goodwill | $ | 3,638 |
|
Acquisition-related expenses | $ | 122 |
|
The excess of the aggregate consideration transferred over the fair value of the identified net assets acquired resulted in preliminary, tax-deductible goodwill of $3,638 as of December 31, 2013. Preliminary goodwill recognized from the acquisition of Crossline primarily relates to the expected future growth of Crossline's business and future economic benefits arising from expected synergies. Any additional payments or receipts of cash resulting from contractual purchase price adjustments or any subsequent adjustments made to the preliminary acquisition-date fair values of the assets acquired or liabilities assumed during the measurement period will be recorded as an adjustment to goodwill.
As part of the acquisition of Crossline, the Company agreed to pay Crossline's seller a deferred purchase price, which payment is contingent upon the seller meeting certain conditions. The first contingent payment is conditional upon the following: during the six month period following the acquisition, the seller must sign letters of intent with at least two mortgage loan origination businesses who employ at least five licensed mortgage loan originators and whose total mortgage loan origination volume during the prior twelve month period was at least $50,000 in aggregate unpaid principal balance. If such conditions are met, the seller will be due a payment equal to a multiple of the actual total mortgage loan volume of Crossline during such six month period, not to exceed $500 (the "on-boarding payment"). The potential undiscounted amount of the on-boarding payment that the Company could be required to make under this contingent consideration arrangement is between $0 and $500. The fair value of the on-boarding payment was estimated to be approximately $307 as of December 31, 2013 and was estimated by applying the income approach. The fair value was primarily based on (i) the Company’s estimate of the number of mortgage loan originators that will become employed by Stonegate and the expected mortgage loan origination volume over the six month on-boarding period and (ii) a discount rate of 6.50%.
In addition, the Company agreed to pay Crossline's seller a second contingent payment that is conditional upon Crossline achieving certain predetermined minimum mortgage loan origination goals during the two year period following the acquisition date (the "earnout"). If such goals are met by Crossline, the Company will pay the seller quarterly payments equal
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
to a multiple of the actual total mortgage loan volume of Crossline. The earnout is uncapped in amount. The fair value of the earnout was estimated to be approximately $1,399 as of December 31, 2013 and was estimated using a calibrated Monte-Carlo simulation. The fair value was primarily based on (i) the Company’s estimate of the mortgage loan origination volume of Crossline over the two year earnout period, an asset volatility factor of 18.70% and (iii) a discount rate of 6.50%.
Of the $2,204 of total acquired intangible assets, $1,720 was assigned to trade name, which has an estimated life of four years, $380 was assigned to a non-compete agreement with the seller of Crossline, which has an estimated life of three years, and $104 was assigned to state licenses, which have an estimated life of one year. The Company did not recognize any amortization expense related to the definite-lived intangible assets acquired from Crossline during the year ended December 31, 2013 due to the short period of time the assets were held between the acquisition date (December 19, 2013) and December 31, 2013.
The results of operations of Crossline for the period following December 19, 2013 are included in our consolidated financial statements and represented $612 and $55 of the Company’s total revenues and net income, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2013.
The following unaudited pro forma information includes the results of operations for Crossline for the periods prior to the acquisition, adjusted for the elimination of intercompany activity, reduced interest income related to the cash used to fund the acquisition, reduced interest income related to the cash dividend made to Crossline's seller immediately prior to the closing of the acquisition, additional amortization related to intangible assets acquired and the related income tax effects. The unaudited pro forma financial information is presented for informational purposes only and may not be indicative of the results of operations had Crossline been owned by the Company for the full years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 or 2011, nor is it necessarily indicative of future results of operations. The following summary of unaudited pro forma financial information presents revenues, net income and per share amounts of the Company as if the acquisition of Crossline had occurred on January 1, 2011.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
Pro forma revenues | | $ | 176,083 |
| | $ | 110,875 |
| | $ | 35,637 |
|
Pro forma net income | | $ | 25,271 |
| | $ | 21,347 |
| | $ | 4,301 |
|
Pro forma earnings per share: | | | | | | |
Basic | | $ | 1.80 |
| | $ | 6.65 |
| | $ | 1.35 |
|
Diluted | | $ | 1.48 |
| | $ | 2.82 |
| | $ | 1.15 |
|
Acquisition of Wholesale Channel and Retail Assets from Nationstar Mortgage Holdings, Inc.
On November 29, 2013, the Company completed its acquisition of the wholesale lending channel and certain distributed retail assets of Nationstar Mortgage Holdings Inc. ("Nationstar"). The acquisition of Nationstar's wholesale lending channel and retail assets will complement the Company's existing wholesale and retail channels and accelerate its geographic expansion. Pursuant to the terms of the letter of intent, the Company agreed to purchase the assets and offer employment to certain employees associated with these businesses.
The acquisition of Nationstar's assets was accounted for as a business combination. The Company paid $484, for the assets acquired, which consisted primarily of property and equipment that had a total estimated fair value of $484 at the acquisition date, resulting in no goodwill or bargain purchase gain during the year ended December 31, 2013. Acquisition costs related to the assets acquired from Nationstar totaled $24 during the year ended December 31, 2013.
Acquisition of Assets from NattyMac, LLC
On August 30, 2012, the Company acquired all rights, title and interest in the assets of the NattyMac, LLC ("NattyMac") single-family mortgage loan warehousing business. Founded in 1994 in St. Petersburg, FL, NattyMac operated as an independent mortgage warehouse lender focused on financing prime mortgage loans that were committed for purchase by GSEs. NattyMac’s strong reputation in the mortgage banking industry, along with its warehouse financing platform and experienced staff, will complement the Company’s existing business and allow the Company to provide an additional source of funding to its customers.
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
The following table summarizes the total consideration transferred for NattyMac and the fair value of assets acquired on the acquisition date:
|
| | | |
Consideration: | |
Cash consideration | $ | 512 |
|
Fair value of contingent consideration | 2,095 |
|
Total consideration | 2,607 |
|
Fair value of assets acquired: | |
Identified intangible assets | 3,710 |
|
Property and equipment | 57 |
|
Other assets | 12 |
|
Total fair value of assets acquired | 3,779 |
|
Bargain purchase gain | $ | 1,172 |
|
Acquisition-related expenses | $ | 406 |
|
The acquisition of NattyMac’s assets was determined to be a bargain purchase, as the fair value of the identified assets acquired exceeded the aggregate consideration transferred. Accordingly, the Company recognized a bargain purchase gain which is classified as “Other revenue” in its consolidated results of operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2012.
As part of the acquisition of the assets of NattyMac, the Company agreed to pay NattyMac’s sellers a deferred purchase price of $75 (whole dollars) for each mortgage loan funded through the mortgage loan warehousing business acquired from NattyMac. The potential undiscounted amount of all future payments that the Company could be required to make under the contingent consideration arrangement is between $0 and $2,250. There is no expiration date for the fulfillment of the contingent consideration arrangement. The fair value of the contingent consideration arrangement was estimated to be approximately $2,085 and $2,095 as of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, and was estimated by applying the income approach. The fair value of the contingent consideration as of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 was based on key assumptions including (i) the Company’s estimate of the number and timing of mortgage loans to be funded and (ii) discount rates of 5.37% and 5.30%, respectively. The Company’s revised estimated fair value of the contingent earn-out liability of $2,085 as of December 31, 2013 decreased from its original acquisition-date estimated fair value of $2,095 primarily due to the estimated timing of mortgage loan fundings from the NattyMac warehousing business as well as cash payments. At December 31, 2013, 383 mortgage loans had been funded through NattyMac’s single-family warehousing business and the Company expects that the full amount of contingent consideration will be paid over a two-year period.
5. Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company does not designate any of its derivative instruments as hedges. The following summarizes the Company’s outstanding derivative instruments as of December 31, 2013 and 2012:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2013: | | | | | Fair Value |
| Notional | | Balance Sheet Location | | Asset | | (Liability) |
Interest rate lock commitments | $ | 1,190,119 |
| | Derivative assets/liabilities | | $ | 4,553 |
| | $ | (3,293 | ) |
MBS forward trades | 2,074,560 |
| | Derivative assets/liabilities | | 15,120 |
| | (227 | ) |
Total derivative financial instruments | $ | 3,264,679 |
| | | | $ | 19,673 |
| | $ | (3,520 | ) |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2012: | | | | | Fair Value |
| Notional | | Balance Sheet Location | | Asset | | (Liability) |
Interest rate lock commitments | $ | 1,139,963 |
| | Derivative assets/liabilities | | $ | 11,989 |
| | $ | — |
|
MBS forward trades | 967,780 |
| | Derivative assets/liabilities | | — |
| | (1,787 | ) |
Total derivative financial instruments | $ | 2,107,743 |
| | | | $ | 11,989 |
| | $ | (1,787 | ) |
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
The following summarizes the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on its consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
Interest rate lock commitments | $ | (10,729 | ) | | $ | 8,642 |
| | 2,830 |
|
MBS forward trades | 16,680 |
| | (742 | ) | | (1,070 | ) |
Net derivative gains1 | $ | 5,951 |
| | $ | 7,900 |
| | $ | 1,760 |
|
1 All net derivative gains are included within “Gains on mortgage loans held for sale” on the Company’s consolidated statements of income.
The Company has exposure to credit loss in the event of contractual non-performance by its trading counterparties and counterparties to the over-the-counter derivative financial instruments that the Company uses in its rate risk management activities. The Company manages this credit risk by selecting only counterparties that the Company believes to be financially strong, spreading the credit risk among many such counterparties, by placing contractual limits on the amount of unsecured credit extended to any single counterparty and by entering into netting agreements with the counterparties, as appropriate.
The Company has entered into agreements with derivative counterparties which include netting arrangements whereby the counterparties are entitled to settle their positions on a net basis. In certain circumstances, the Company is required to provide certain derivative counterparties collateral against derivative financial instruments. As of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, counterparties held $730 and $3,445, respectively, of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents in margin accounts as collateral (which is classified as "Restricted cash" on the Company's consolidated balance sheets), after which the Company was in a net credit loss position of $3,520 and $1,787 at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, to those counterparties. For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company incurred no credit losses due to non-performance of any of its counterparties.
6. Mortgage Loans Held for Sale
The following summarizes mortgage loans held for sale at fair value as of December 31, 2013 and 2012: |
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
Conventional 1 | $ | 409,863 |
| | $ | 110,493 |
|
Government insured 2 | 267,497 |
| | 108,131 |
|
Non-agency jumbo | 5,720 |
| | — |
|
Total mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value | $ | 683,080 |
| | $ | 218,624 |
|
1 Conventional includes FNMA and FHLMC mortgage loans.
2 Government insured includes GNMA mortgage loans (including Federal Housing Administration, Department of Veterans Affairs and United States Department of Agricultural mortgage loans).
Under certain of the Company’s mortgage funding arrangements (including secured borrowings and warehouse lines of credit), the Company is required to pledge mortgage loans as collateral to secure borrowings. The mortgage loans pledged as collateral must equal at least 100% of the related outstanding borrowings under the mortgage funding arrangements. The outstanding borrowings are monitored and the Company is required to deliver additional collateral if the amount of the outstanding borrowings exceeds the fair value of the pledged mortgage loans. As of December 31, 2013, the Company had pledged $598,980 in fair value of mortgage loans held for sale as collateral to secure debt under its mortgage funding arrangements, with the remaining $84,100 of mortgage loans held for sale funded with the Company’s excess cash. As of December 31, 2012, the Company had pledged $218,624 in fair value of mortgage loans held for sale as collateral to secure debt under its mortgage funding arrangements. The mortgage loans held as collateral by the respective lenders are restricted solely to satisfy the Company’s borrowings under those mortgage funding arrangements. Refer to Note 12 “Debt” for additional information related to the Company’s outstanding borrowings as of December 31, 2013 and 2012.
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
7. Mortgage Servicing Rights
The Company sells residential mortgage loans in the secondary market and typically retains the right to service the loans sold. Upon sale, an MSR asset is capitalized, which represents the current fair value of the future net cash flows expected to be realized for performing servicing activities. The Company also purchases MSRs directly from third parties.
Effective January 1, 2013, the Company elected to irrevocably account for the subsequent measurement of its existing MSRs using the fair value method, whereby the MSRs are initially recorded on our balance sheet at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recorded in earnings during the period in which the changes in fair value occur. We believe that accounting for the MSRs at fair value best reflects the impact of current market conditions on our MSRs, and our investors and other users of our financial statements will have greater insight into management’s views as to the value of our MSRs at each reporting date. The fair value of the MSRs is assessed at each reporting date using the methods described above. In accordance with the applicable GAAP guidance, this change in accounting principle was accounted for on a prospective basis (financial statement periods prior to 2013 have not been restated). We did not record a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2013, as the net amortized carrying value of the MSRs as of January 1, 2013 equaled the fair value due to MSR impairment charges recorded during 2012.
Prior to January 1, 2013, the subsequent measurement of the Company’s MSRs was recorded using the amortization method. Under the amortization method, capitalized MSRs were initially recorded at fair value and amortized over the estimated economic life of the related loans in proportion to the estimated future net servicing revenue. The net capitalized cost of MSRs was periodically evaluated to determine whether capitalized amounts were in excess of their estimated fair value. For this fair value assessment, the Company stratified its MSRs based on interest rates: (1) those with note rates below 4.00%; (2) those with note rates between 4.00% and 4.99%; and (3) those with note rates above 5.00%. If the amortized book value of the MSRs exceeded its fair value, management recorded a valuation adjustment as a reduction to the mortgage servicing right asset. However, in the event that the fair value of the MSRs recovered, the valuation allowance was reversed.
On November 1, 2013, the Company purchased an MSR portfolio with an unpaid principal balance ("UPB") of $142,219 from an unrelated third party, for a total cash purchase price of $1,543. The MSRs purchased have substantially similar attributes to the Company's existing MSRs created through its own mortgage loan originations with respect to note rates, credit quality and loan types. The Company is continuing to service the underlying mortgage loans and accounts for the purchased MSRs using the fair value method.
The Company’s total mortgage servicing portfolio at December 31, 2013 and 2012 is summarized as follows (based on the UPB of the underlying mortgage loans):
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
FNMA | $ | 7,254,178 |
| | $ | 2,781,389 |
|
GNMA | 4,507,443 |
| | 1,363,951 |
|
FHLMC | 161,889 |
| | — |
|
Total mortgage servicing portfolio | $ | 11,923,510 |
| | $ | 4,145,340 |
|
| | | |
MSRs balance | $ | 170,294 |
| | $ | 42,202 |
|
| | | |
MSRs balance as a percentage of total mortgage servicing portfolio | 1.43 | % | | 1.02 | % |
At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company held $155,562 and $93,731 of escrow funds for its customers for which it services mortgage loans.
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
A summary of the changes in the balance of MSRs for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 is as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 42,202 |
| | $ | 17,679 |
| | 7,130 |
|
MSRs received as proceeds from loan sales | 111,783 |
| | 39,900 |
| | 11,511 |
|
Purchased MSRs | 1,543 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
MSRs acquired in a business combination | 344 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Changes in valuation inputs and assumptions | 22,967 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Actual portfolio runoff (payoffs and principal amortization) | (8,545 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Amortization of MSRs | — |
| | (3,679 | ) | | (960 | ) |
Impairment of MSRs | — |
| | (11,698 | ) | | (2 | ) |
Balance at end of period | $ | 170,294 |
| | $ | 42,202 |
| | $ | 17,679 |
|
The following is a summary of the components of loan servicing fees as reported in the Company’s consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
Contractual servicing fees | $ | 21,656 |
| | $ | 5,676 |
| | 2,534 |
|
Late fees | 548 |
| | 232 |
| | 94 |
|
Loan servicing fees | $ | 22,204 |
| | $ | 5,908 |
| | $ | 2,628 |
|
8. Fair Value Measurements
The Company uses fair value measurements in fair value disclosures and to record certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis, such as MSRs (beginning January 1, 2013), derivatives and loans held for sale, or on a nonrecurring basis, such as when measuring MSRs upon initial recognition and measuring impairments on MSRs (for periods prior to January 1, 2013), intangible assets and long-lived assets. The Company has elected fair value accounting for loans held for sale to more closely align the Company’s accounting with its interest rate risk strategies without having to apply the operational complexities of hedge accounting.
The Company groups its assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:
|
| |
Level Input: | Input Definition: |
Level 1 | Unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. |
Level 2 | Prices determined using other significant observable inputs. Observable inputs are inputs that other market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. These may include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk and others. |
Level 3 | Prices determined using significant unobservable inputs. In situations where quoted prices or observable inputs are unavailable (for example, when there is little or no market activity), unobservable inputs may be used. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company's own assumptions about the factors that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, and are based on the best information available in the circumstances. |
An asset or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
While the Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with those used by other market participants, the use of different methods or assumptions to estimate the fair value of certain financial statement items could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. Those estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a readily available market for such items existed, or had such items been liquidated, and those differences could be material to the consolidated financial statements.
Management incorporates lack of liquidity into its fair value estimates based on the type of asset or liability measured and the valuation method used. The Company uses discounted cash flow techniques to estimate fair value. These techniques incorporate forecasting of expected cash flows discounted at appropriate market discount rates that are intended to reflect the lack of liquidity in the market.
The following describes the methods used in estimating the fair values of certain financial statement items:
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale: The Company's mortgage loans held for sale at fair value are saleable into the secondary mortgage markets and their fair values are estimated using quoted market or contracted prices or market price equivalents.
Derivative Financial Instruments: The Company estimates the fair value of interest rate lock commitments based on the value of the underlying mortgage loan, quoted MBS prices and estimates of the fair value of the MSRs and the probability that the mortgage loan will fund within the terms of the interest rate lock commitment. The Company estimates the fair value of forward sales commitments based on quoted MBS prices.
Mortgage Servicing Rights: The Company uses a discounted cash flow approach to estimate the fair value of MSRs. This approach consists of projecting servicing cash flows discounted at a rate that management believes market participants would use in their determinations of value. The key assumptions used in the estimation of the fair value of MSRs include prepayment speeds, discount rates, default rates, cost to service, contractual servicing fees and escrow earnings.
The following are the major categories of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2013:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Total |
Assets: | | | | | | | |
Cash equivalents | $ | 18,541 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 18,541 |
|
Mortgage loans held for sale | — |
| | 683,080 |
| | — |
| | 683,080 |
|
Derivative assets (IRLCs) | — |
| | 4,553 |
| | — |
| | 4,553 |
|
Derivative assets (MBS forward trades) | — |
| | 15,120 |
| | — |
| | 15,120 |
|
MSRs | — |
| | — |
| | 170,294 |
| | 170,294 |
|
Total assets | $ | 18,541 |
| | $ | 702,753 |
| | $ | 170,294 |
| | $ | 891,588 |
|
| | | | | | | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | |
Derivative liabilities (IRLCs) | — |
| | 3,293 |
| | — |
| | 3,293 |
|
Derivative liabilities (MBS forward trades) | — |
| | 227 |
| | — |
| | 227 |
|
Contingent earn-out liabilities | — |
| | — |
| | 3,791 |
| | 3,791 |
|
Total liabilities | $ | — |
| | $ | 3,520 |
| | $ | 3,791 |
| | $ | 7,311 |
|
The following are the major categories of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2012:
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Total |
Assets: | | | | | | | |
Cash equivalents | $ | 10,957 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 10,957 |
|
Mortgage loans held for sale | — |
| | 218,624 |
| | — |
| | 218,624 |
|
Derivative assets (IRLCs) | — |
| | 11,989 |
| | — |
| | 11,989 |
|
Total assets | $ | 10,957 |
| | $ | 230,613 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 241,570 |
|
| | | | | | | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | |
Derivative liabilities (MBS forward trades) | — |
| | 1,787 |
| | — |
| | 1,787 |
|
Contingent earn-out liabilities | — |
| | — |
| | 2,095 |
| | 2,095 |
|
Total liabilities | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,787 |
| | $ | 2,095 |
| | $ | 3,882 |
|
Mortgage loans held for sale are carried at estimated fair value pursuant to the fair value option. (Losses) gains from changes in estimated fair values and are included in “Gains on mortgage loans held for sale” on the Company’s consolidated statements of income and amounted to $(7,635), $3,528 and $1,565, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011.
The following are the fair values and related UPB due upon maturity for loans held for sale accounted under the fair value option as of December 31, 2013 and 2012:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| Fair Value | | UPB | | Fair Value | | UPB |
Current through 89 days delinquent | $ | 676,906 |
| | $ | 653,938 |
| | $ | 218,556 |
| | $ | 212,693 |
|
90 or more days delinquent | 6,174 |
| | 7,630 |
| | 68 |
| | 68 |
|
Total | $ | 683,080 |
| | $ | 661,568 |
| | $ | 218,624 |
| | $ | 212,761 |
|
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the Company’s assets (MSRs) measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs during the year ended December 31, 2013 is as follows:
|
| | | |
| Year ended December 31, 2013 |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 42,202 |
|
Changes in fair value recognized in earnings1 | 14,422 |
|
Purchases | 1,887 |
|
Sales | — |
|
Issuances | 111,783 |
|
Settlements | — |
|
Transfers into Level 3 | — |
|
Transfers out of Level 3 | — |
|
Balance at end of period | $ | 170,294 |
|
| |
Changes in fair value recognized in net income during the period related to assets still held | $ | 14,422 |
|
1 Recognized in the consolidated statements of income within “Changes in mortgage servicing rights valuation”
The Company did not measure its MSRs or any other assets at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the Company’s liabilities (contingent earn-out liabilities) measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 is as follows:
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
|
| | | | | | | |
| Years ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| | | |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 2,095 |
| | $ | — |
|
Changes in fair value recognized in earnings1 | (7 | ) | | — |
|
Purchases2 | 1,706 |
| | 2,095 |
|
Sales | — |
| | — |
|
Issuances | — |
| | — |
|
Settlements | (3 | ) | | — |
|
Transfers into Level 3 | — |
| | — |
|
Transfers out of Level 3 | — |
| | — |
|
Balance at end of period | $ | 3,791 |
| | $ | 2,095 |
|
1 Recognized in the consolidated statements of income within “General and administrative expense”
2 Contingent consideration liabilities resulted from the Company’s acquisition of Crossline during December 2013 and its purchase of assets from NattyMac during August 2012. See Note 4 “Business Combinations” for additional information related to these business combinations and contingent consideration arrangements.
There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs during the year ended December 31, 2011.
Transfers between levels, if any, are recorded as of the beginning of the reporting period. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 there were no transfers between levels.
Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances. As disclosed in Note 4, "Business Combinations", we completed our acquisitions of Crossline, Nationstar and NattyMac on December 19, 2013, November 29, 2013 and August 30, 2012, respectively. The values of the net assets acquired in these acquisitions and resulting goodwill and other intangible assets were recorded at fair value using Level 3 inputs. Refer to Note 4, "Business Combinations", for further information regarding the methodologies and key assumptions used in the acquisition date fair value estimates.
Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments
As of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, all financial instruments were either recorded at fair value or the carrying value approximated fair value. For financial instruments such as cash, restricted cash, servicing advances, secured borrowings, mortgage repurchase borrowings, warehouse and operating lines of credit, accounts payable and accrued expenses, their carrying values approximated fair value due to the short-term nature of such instruments.
9. Property and Equipment
The following summarizes property and equipment as of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2013 | | December 31, 2012 |
Internally developed computer software | $ | 2,666 |
| | $ | 901 |
|
Purchased computer software and equipment | 6,943 |
| | 2,490 |
|
Furniture and office equipment | 5,176 |
| | 1,663 |
|
Leasehold improvements | 878 |
| | 304 |
|
Property and equipment, gross | 15,663 |
| | 5,358 |
|
Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (3,023 | ) | | (1,332 | ) |
Property and equipment, net | $ | 12,640 |
| | $ | 4,026 |
|
Total depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment for years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 was $1,849, $630 and $357, respectively, which includes amortization expense related to internally developed software of $449, $226 and $164, respectively.
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
10. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
A summary of the change in the carrying amount of goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2013 is as follows (the Company did not have any goodwill during the year ended December 31, 2012 or prior):
|
| | | | |
| | Goodwill |
Balance at December 31, 2012 | | $ | — |
|
Crossline business combination | | 3,638 |
|
Balance at December 31, 2013 | | $ | 3,638 |
|
The components of the Company's other intangible assets as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2013 | | December 31, 2012 |
| Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated Amortization | | Net Carrying Amount | | Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated Amortization | | Net Carrying Amount |
Finite-lived intangible assets: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Trade name | $ | 1,720 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,720 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
Customer relationships | 2,350 |
| | (392 | ) | | 1,958 |
| | 2,350 |
| | (98 | ) | | 2,252 |
|
Non-compete agreement | 380 |
| | — |
| | 380 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Active agent list | 330 |
| | (88 | ) | | 242 |
| | 330 |
| | (22 | ) | | 308 |
|
State licenses | 104 |
| | — |
| | 104 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Total finite-lived intangible assets | $ | 4,884 |
| | $ | (480 | ) | | $ | 4,404 |
| | $ | 2,680 |
| | $ | (120 | ) | | $ | 2,560 |
|
Indefinite-lived intangible assets: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Trade name | $ | 1,030 |
| | — |
| | $ | 1,030 |
| | $ | 1,030 |
| | — |
| | $ | 1,030 |
|
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets | 1,030 |
| | — |
| | 1,030 |
| | 1,030 |
| | — |
| | 1,030 |
|
Total other intangible assets | $ | 5,914 |
| | $ | (480 | ) | | $ | 5,434 |
| | $ | 3,710 |
| | $ | (120 | ) | | $ | 3,590 |
|
The Company recorded amortization expense related to its definite-lived intangible assets, $360, $120 and $0 during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011. Estimated future amortization expense for each of the years ended December 31, is as follows: 2014, $1,020; 2015, $916; 2016, $916; 2017, $768; 2018, $294; thereafter, $490. Estimated amortization expense was based on existing intangible asset balances as of December 31, 2013. Actual amortization expense may vary from these estimates.
The Company completed its first annual impairment test of existing other intangible assets with indefinite lives during the year ended December 31, 2013 (as of October 1, 2013), and no impairment losses were incurred. This test involved the use of estimates related to the fair value of the other intangible assets with indefinite lives, and require a significant degree of judgment and the use of subjective assumptions. The fair value of the other intangible asset tested for impairment (trade name) was determined using a discounted cash flow method. This method required management to make internal estimates related to future revenues, expenses and income tax rates, which were considered Level 3 inputs. As the Company's goodwill was measured at fair value as of December 18, 2013 (the date of its acquisition of Crossline), goodwill was not tested for impairment during the year ended December 31, 2013. The Company will complete its first annual impairment test of goodwill as of October 1, 2014.
11. Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets
Residential mortgage loans are sold to FNMA, FHLMC and to secondary market investors, or transferred into pools of GNMA MBS. The Company has continuing involvement in mortgage loans sold through servicing arrangements and the liability for loan indemnifications and repurchases under the representation and warranties it makes to the investors and insurers
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
of the loans it sells. Mortgage loans sold to secondary market investors, such as financial institutions, are generally sold on a servicing released basis whereby the Company does not retain the related MSRs. The Company is exposed to interest rate risk through its continuing involvement with mortgage loans sold, including the MSRs, as the value of the asset fluctuates as changes in interest rates impact borrower prepayment.
All loans are sold on a non-recourse basis; however, certain representations and warranties have been made that are customary for loan sale transactions, including eligibility characteristics of the mortgage loans and underwriting responsibilities, in connection with the sales of these assets.
In order to facilitate the origination and sale of mortgage loans held for sale, the Company entered into various agreements with warehouse lenders. Such agreements are in the form of loan participations and repurchase agreements with banks and other financial institutions. Mortgage loans held for sale are considered sold when the Company surrenders control over the financial assets and such financial assets are legally isolated from the Company in the event of bankruptcy. For loan participations and repurchase agreements that meet the sale criteria, the transferred financial assets are derecognized from the balance sheet and a gain or loss is recognized upon sale. If the sale criteria are not met, the transfer is recorded as a secured borrowing in which the assets remain on the balance sheet and the proceeds from the transaction are recognized as a liability. All mortgage participation and repurchase agreements are accounted for by the Company as secured borrowings.
The following table sets forth information regarding cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 relating to loan sales in which the Company has continuing involvement:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
Proceeds from new loan sales 1 | $ | (6,167 | ) | | $ | 28,392 |
| | $ | 4,335 |
|
Proceeds from loan servicing fees | $ | 21,077 |
| | $ | 6,229 |
| | $ | 2,624 |
|
Proceeds from servicing advances | $ | 3,232 |
| | $ | 591 |
| | $ | 138 |
|
Repurchases and indemnifications of previously sold loans | $ | 4,070 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
1 Represents the proceeds from mortgage loans or pools of mortgage loans sold to FNMA, FHLMC and GNMA and is presented net of the related repayments of borrowings under the Company's mortgage funding arrangements used to fund the related mortgage loans prior to sale.
The following table sets forth information related to outstanding loans sold as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 for which the Company has continuing involvement:
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
Total unpaid principal balance | $ | 11,923,510 |
| | $ | 4,145,340 |
|
Loans 30-89 days delinquent | $ | 167,293 |
| | $ | 61,076 |
|
Loans delinquent 90 or more days or in foreclosure 1 | $ | 32,269 |
| | $ | 11,350 |
|
1 Includes loans eligible for repurchase from GNMA of $26,268 and $7,116, respectively, as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 for which the Company has limited exposure to credit risk due to the nature of the guarantee from GNMA.
The key assumptions (or range of assumptions) used in determining the fair value of the Company’s MSRs as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows:
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
Discount rates | 9.25% - 11.00% |
| | 9.25% - 11.00% |
|
Annual prepayment speeds (by investor type): | | | |
Purchased FNMA 1 | 10.05 | % | | 31.84 | % |
FNMA | 7.79 | % | | 11.98 | % |
GNMA I | 8.06 | % | | 15.00 | % |
GNMA II | 7.58 | % | | 10.82 | % |
FHLMC | 7.68 | % | | N/A |
|
Cost of servicing (per loan) | $ | 74 |
| | $ | 73 |
|
1 Represents older, higher interest rate loans acquired from the Company's merger with Swain in 2009.
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
The key assumptions (or range of assumptions) used in determining the fair value of the Company’s MSRs at initial recognition during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 are as follows:
|
| | | | | | |
| Years ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
Discount rates | 9.25% - 11.00% | | 8.00% - 11.00% | | 8.00% - 11.00% |
Annual prepayment speeds (by investor type): | | | | | |
Purchased FNMA1 | 10.05% - 29.68% | | 16.80% - 31.84% | | 4.40% - 15.30% |
FNMA | 7.79% - 10.38% | | 6.00% - 14.26% | | 3.20% - 6.70% |
GNMA I | 7.95% - 12.89% | | 6.68% - 15.00% | | 5.20% - 8.30% |
GNMA II | 7.43% - 9.27% | | 6.00% - 11.26% | | 4.50% - 10.90% |
FHLMC | 7.68% - 8.74% | | N/A | | N/A |
Cost of servicing (per loan) | $73-74 | | $70-90 | |
| $91-96 |
1 Represents older, higher interest rate loans acquired from the Company's merger with Swain in 2009.
MSRs are generally subject to loss in value when mortgage rates decrease. Decreasing mortgage rates normally encourage increased mortgage refinancing activity. Increased refinancing activity reduces the life of the loans underlying the MSRs, thereby reducing MSR value. Reductions in the value of MSRs affect income through changes in fair value. These factors have been considered in the estimated prepayment speed assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Company’s MSRs. Conversely, when mortgage rates increase, MSRs generally increase in value, as borrowers tend not to refinance their loans and the estimated life of those loans increases.
In addition to the assumptions provided above, the Company uses assumptions for default rates in determining the fair value of MSRs. These assumptions are based primarily on internal estimates, and the Company also obtains third-party data, where applicable, to assess the reasonableness of its internal assumptions. In the MSRs valuation as of December 31, 2013, the Company’s assumptions for default rates for FNMA, GNMA and FHLMC mortgage loans were 3.97%, 6.44% and 3.82%, respectively. In the MSRs valuation as of December 31, 2012, the Company's assumptions for default rates for FNMA and GNMA were 2.37%, and 5.41%, respectively (there were no MSRs related to FHLMC mortgage loans as of December 31, 2012). The default rates represent the Company’s estimate of the loans will eventually enter foreclosure proceedings over the entire term of the portfolio’s life. These assumptions affect the future cost to service loans, future revenue earned from the portfolio, and future assumed foreclosure losses. Because the Company’s portfolio is generally comprised of recent vintages, actual future defaults may differ from the assumptions used in valuing the MSRs.
The hypothetical effect of an adverse change in these key assumptions would result in a decrease in fair values of the Company's MSRs as follows as of December 31, 2013 and 2012:
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
Discount rates: | | | |
Impact of discount rate + 1% | $ | (8,706 | ) | | $ | (2,071 | ) |
Impact of discount rate + 2% | $ | (16,638 | ) | | $ | (3,953 | ) |
Impact of discount rate + 3% | $ | (23,889 | ) | | $ | (5,671 | ) |
| | | |
Prepayment speeds: | | | |
Impact of prepayment speed * 105% | $ | (3,558 | ) | | $ | (1,278 | ) |
Impact of prepayment speed * 110% | $ | (7,003 | ) | | $ | (2,505 | ) |
Impact of prepayment speed * 120% | $ | (13,570 | ) | | $ | (4,819 | ) |
| | | |
Cost of servicing: | | | |
Impact of cost of servicing * 105% | $ | (1,157 | ) | | $ | (415 | ) |
Impact of cost of servicing * 110% | $ | (2,314 | ) | | $ | (830 | ) |
Impact of cost of servicing * 120% | $ | (4,629 | ) | | $ | (1,659 | ) |
As the table demonstrates, the Company’s methodology for estimating the fair value of MSRs is highly sensitive to changes in assumptions. For example, actual prepayment experience may differ and any difference may have a material effect on MSR fair value. Changes in fair value resulting from changes in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in this table, the effect of a
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the MSRs is calculated without changing any other assumption; in reality, changes in one factor may be associated with changes in another (for example, decreases in market interest rates may indicate higher prepayments; however, this may be partially offset by lower prepayments due to other factors such as a borrower’s diminished opportunity to refinance), which may magnify or counteract the sensitivities. Thus, any measurement of MSR fair value is limited by the conditions existing and assumptions made as of a particular point in time. Those assumptions may not be appropriate if they are applied to a different point in time.
12. Debt
Short-term borrowings outstanding as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| Amount Outstanding | | Weighted Average Interest Rate |
|
Amount Outstanding | | Weighted Average Interest Rate |
Secured borrowings | $ | 342,393 |
| | 4.27 | % | | $ | 102,675 |
| | 3.35 | % |
Mortgage repurchase borrowings | 223,113 |
| | 2.51 | % | | 100,301 |
| | 2.59 | % |
Warehouse lines of credit | 7,056 |
| | 4.98 | % | | — |
| | N/A |
|
Operating lines of credit | 6,499 |
| | 4.07 | % | | 5,131 |
| | 4.17 | % |
Total short-term borrowings | $ | 579,061 |
| | | | $ | 208,107 |
| | |
Mortgage Funding Arrangements
The Company maintains mortgage participation agreements, repurchase agreements and warehouse lines of credit(collectively referred to as “mortgage funding arrangements”) with various financial institutions, primarily to fund the origination of mortgage loans which are subject to participation. As of December 31, 2013 the Company held mortgage funding arrangements with 5 separate financial institutions and a total maximum borrowing capacity of $967,000. Each mortgage funding arrangement is collateralized by the underlying mortgage loans.
The following table summarizes the amounts outstanding, interest rates and maturity dates under the Company’s various mortgage funding arrangements as of December 31, 2013:
|
| | | | | | | | |
Mortgage Funding Arrangements | | Amount Outstanding | | Interest Rate |
| Maturity Date |
Merchants Bank of Indiana | | $ | 343,433 |
| | Same as the underlying mortgage rates, less contractual service fee/PRIME plus 1.00% | | June 2014 |
Barclays Bank PLC | | 164,646 |
| | LIBOR plus applicable margin | | December 2014 |
Bank of America, N.A. | | 58,467 |
| | LIBOR plus applicable margin | | March 2014 |
Flagstar Bank | | 1,408 |
| | LIBOR plus applicable margin | | July 2014 |
First Tennessee Bank | | 4,608 |
| | LIBOR plus applicable margin | | August 2014 |
Total | | $ | 572,562 |
| | | | |
The mortgage funding arrangements are generally tied to the loan participation agreements executed with the same financial institutions. Pursuant to the loan participation agreements, the Company periodically sells beneficial ownership interests in its mortgage loan receivables. As of December 31, 2013, the Company has a total of $400,000 in loan participation limit that expires through June 30, 2014. The lenders may cancel the agreements with written notice; however, we expect to be able to renew these agreements and do not foresee any challenges in doing so.
On July 1, 2013, we entered into an amended and restated master participation agreement with Merchants Bank of Indiana. Merchants Bank of Indiana’s commitment to purchase mortgage loans pursuant to the amended and restated master participation agreement will expire on June 30, 2014, unless renewed or terminated earlier under certain circumstances provided for therein. Such amended and restated master participation agreement provides that we may, from time to time, transfer to Merchants Bank of Indiana undivided beneficial ownership interests in qualifying, single-family mortgage loans. The aggregate maximum borrowing capacity under the amended and restated master participation agreement was $400,000 at December 31, 2013. Amounts outstanding under this agreement totaled $342,393 at December 31, 2013.
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
In May 2011, we entered into a mortgage warehouse and security agreement with Merchants Bank of Indiana, which was amended and restated in June 2013. The mortgage warehouse loan and security agreement states that Merchants Bank of Indiana will establish a line of credit for us secured by our pledge of certain residential mortgage loans and the related mortgage documents to Merchants Bank. The maximum borrowing capacity under the line of credit was $2,000 at December 31, 2013. At December 31, 2013, $1,040 was outstanding under this line of credit and carried an interest rate of 4.25%.
On July 31, 2013, we entered into a master repurchase agreement with Barclays Bank PLC ("Barclays"), which was amended and restated in December 2013. The master repurchase agreement will terminate at the earliest to occur of (1) December 16, 2014, (ii) the termination of the mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreement with Barclays or (iii) at the option of Barclays, the occurrence of an event of default after the expiration of any applicable grace period. The master repurchase agreement states that we may, from time to time, enter into transactions in which we sell to Barclays certain mortgage loans, on a servicing-released basis, against the transfer of funds by Barclays, with a simultaneous agreement for Barclays to transfer to us the related purchased assets on a date certain not later than one year following such transfer, against the transfer of funds by us. The interest rate is equal to LIBOR plus a margin.
On July 31, 2013, we entered into a mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreement with Barclays, which was amended and restated in December 2013. The mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreement will terminate at the earliest to occur of (i) December 16, 2014, (ii) the termination of the master repurchase agreement with Barclays or, (iii) at the option of Barclays, the occurrence of a servicing termination event after the expiration of any applicable grace period. The mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreement states that we may, from time to time, sell all of our beneficial right, title and interest in and to designated pools of single-family residential mortgage loans eligible in the aggregate to back securities, and in and to the servicing rights related thereto. The aggregate transaction limit is $300,000 for both the master repurchase agreement and the mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreement.
On February 28, 2013, we entered into a master repurchase agreement with Bank of America, N.A. ("Bank of America"), which was amended in February 2014. Under the agreement with Bank of America, from time to time, we may transfer to Bank of America certain residential mortgage loans and/or other mortgage related assets and interests, against the transfer of funds by Bank of America, with a simultaneous agreement by Bank of America to sell to us those purchased assets at a specified date or on demand after the purchase date, against the transfer of funds by us. Under the master repurchase agreement, Bank of America will enter into transactions with us provided that the aggregate outstanding purchase price as of any date shall not exceed $100,000, and the aggregate outstanding purchase price for any type of transaction shall not exceed the applicable type sublimit.
On June 24, 2013, we entered into a mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreement with Bank of America, which was amended in February 2014. Under this agreement with Bank of America, from time to time, we may sell to Bank of America beneficial ownership interests in designated pools of qualifying, residential mortgage loans and the servicing rights relating thereto. The mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreement will terminate in March 2014, unless terminated earlier under certain circumstances provided for therein. Under the mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreement, Bank of America may enter into transactions with us to purchase participation certificates provided that the aggregate purchase price of such participation certificates as of any date shall not exceed $100,000.
On November 19, 2012, we entered into a master loan participation and servicing agreement with Bank of Virginia, with a maximum borrowing capacity of $60,000. The master loan participation and servicing agreement provided that we could, from time to time, sell to Bank of Virginia beneficial ownership interests in qualifying, single-family mortgage loans. This agreement expired in November 2013.
Through our December 2013 acquisition of Crossline, at December 31, 2013 we had warehouse lines of credit with Flagstar Bank and First Tennessee Bank with maximum borrowing capacities of $50,000 and $15,000, respectively, and expiration dates of July 2014 and August 2014, respectively. The Flagstar Bank and First Tennessee Bank warehouse lines of credit were terminated in February 2014 and January 2014, respectively, and the outstanding balances were repaid in full upon termination.
Operating Lines of Credit
The Company has a $7,200 operating line of credit agreement, which expires on June 30, 2014. Interest under the agreement is at the prime rate (with a floor of 4.00%) per annum. The line is collateralized by the net servicing fee cash flows from and proceeds on approved sales of mortgage servicing rights. The amount outstanding under the line amounted to $6,111 with an interest rate of 4.00% at December 31, 2013.
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
The Company also has a $1,000 operating line of credit agreement, which expires on June 30, 2014. Interest under this agreement ranges between 5.25% and 6.00% per annum. The line is collateralized by the Company’s cost method investment in this lender and the net servicing fee cash flows from and proceeds on approved sales of mortgage servicing rights. The amount outstanding under the line amounted to $388 with an interest rate of 5.25% at December 31, 2013.
The above mortgage funding and operating line of credit agreements contain covenants which include certain financial requirements, including maintenance of minimum tangible net worth, maximum debt to tangible net worth ratio, minimum liquidity, minimum current ratio, minimum profitability, and limitations on additional debt and transactions with affiliates, as defined in the agreement. We were in compliance with all significant covenants at December 31, 2013.
The Company intends to renew the mortgage funding arrangements and operating lines of credit when they mature and has no reason to believe the Company will be unable to do so.
Term Loan
On March 29, 2013, the Company entered into a Secured Term Promissory Note agreement (the "Note") with a stockholder to borrow $10,000. The Note was scheduled to mature on September 30, 2013 and bore interest at 5.00% (compounded monthly), through May 31, 2013, and thereafter at an interest rate of 12.50% (compounded monthly). The Note was repaid in full on May 15, 2013 with $4,345 of cash and 314,147 shares of the Company's common stock, at a per share price of $18.00, totaling $5,655 issued under the Company's private equity offering were sent directly to the stockholder for the remaining balance on the Note.
As of and for the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company had no outstanding long-term borrowings.
13. Reserve for Mortgage Repurchases and Indemnifications
The following is a summary of changes in the reserve for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 1,917 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
Increase in reserve due to growth in origination volume | 2,899 |
| | 1,917 |
| | — |
|
Crossline business combination | 498 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Decrease in reserve due to changes in assumptions | (417 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Losses on repurchases and indemnifications | (1,188 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Balance at end of period | $ | 3,709 |
| | $ | 1,917 |
| | $ | — |
|
Because of the uncertainty in the various estimates underlying the mortgage repurchase and indemnifications liability, there is a range of losses in excess of the recorded reserve for mortgage repurchase and indemnifications that is reasonably possible. The estimate of the range of possible loss for representations and warranties does not represent a probable loss and is based on current available information, significant judgment and a number of assumptions that are subject to change. The high
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
end of this range of reasonably possible losses in excess of the Company’s recorded reserve was approximately $1,720 at December 31, 2013, and was determined based upon modifying the assumptions (particularly to assume significant changes in investor repurchase demand practices) utilized in the Company’s best estimate of probable loss to reflect what it believes to be the high end of reasonably possible adverse assumptions.
14. Related Party Transactions
Through May 15, 2013, the Company had an agreement with a stockholder to pay an annual management fee of $320 for consulting and advisory services and strategic planning. The agreement was terminated on May 15, 2013 in conjunction with the Company’s private offering of common stock (see Note 17 “Capital Stock” for additional information related to the equity restructuring) and the Company agreed to pay the full annual management fee of $320. The Company also agreed to pay the stockholder an additional fee of $500 upon the earlier of the consummation of an initial public offering of its shares of common stock or May 15, 2014. The total management fees amounted to $820, $238 and $0, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, and are included in "General and administrative expense" on the Company's consolidated statements of income.
Through June 30, 2013, the Company had an agreement with a stockholder to manage and grow the Company’s Home Improvement Program division, which primarily focuses on the origination of FHA 203k loans and Fannie Mae Home Style renovation loans. In accordance with the terms of the agreement the stockholder was to receive an annual management fee of $108 payable quarterly through January 15, 2014, 10% of all revenue generated by the division payable quarterly through January 15, 2014, and 33.33% of the annual net income of the division for the calendar year ended December 31, 2013. This agreement was terminated on June 30, 2013 and the Company agreed to pay $159 in fees upon termination. The total related fees amounted to $159, $339 and $0, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, and are included in "General and administrative expense" on the Company's consolidated statements of income.
The Company had $0 and $222 of notes receivable outstanding from stockholders at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company forgave a note receivable from its Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") in the amount of $214, which was considered taxable income to the CEO and compensation expense to the Company.
As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had $608 and $348, respectively, of amounts due to related parties, which primarily consisted of the previously described management fees as well as fees payable to members of the Company's Board of Directors.
15. Income Taxes
The components of income tax expense are as follows for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
Current federal income tax expense | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
Current state income tax expense | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Deferred federal income tax expense | 12,887 |
| | 9,761 |
| | 1,385 |
|
Deferred state income tax expense | 736 |
| | 963 |
| | 314 |
|
Total income tax expense | $ | 13,623 |
| | $ | 10,724 |
| | $ | 1,699 |
|
The following is a reconciliation of income tax expense recorded on the Company's consolidated statements of income to the expected statutory federal corporate income tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| $ | | % | | $ | | % | | $ | | % |
Statutory federal income tax expense | $ | 12,677 |
| | 35.0 | % | | $ | 9,733 |
| | 35.0 | % | | $ | 1,371 |
| | 34.0 | % |
State income tax expense, net of federal tax benefit | 662 |
| | 1.8 | % | | 961 |
| | 3.5 | % | | 301 |
| | 7.0 | % |
Non-deductible expenses | 230 |
| | 0.6 | % | | 30 |
| | 0.1 | % | | 27 |
| | 0.7 | % |
Other | 54 |
| | 0.2 | % | | — |
| | — | % | | — |
| | — | % |
Total income tax expense | $ | 13,623 |
| | 37.6 | % | | $ | 10,724 |
| | 38.6 | % | | $ | 1,699 |
| | 41.7 | % |
The tax effects of significant temporary differences which gave rise to the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows as of December 31, 2013 and 2012:
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
Deferred tax assets relating to: | | | |
Net operating loss carryforwards | $ | 36,369 |
| | $ | 5,839 |
|
Goodwill | 406 |
| | — |
|
Reserve for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications | 1,783 |
| | 735 |
|
Stock-based compensation | 987 |
| | 5 |
|
Stock warrants issued | 594 |
| | — |
|
Deferred rent and leasehold improvements | 572 |
| | 288 |
|
Vacation accrual and contributions | 231 |
| | 72 |
|
Total deferred tax assets | $ | 40,942 |
| | $ | 6,939 |
|
Deferred tax liabilities relating to: | | | |
MSRs | $ | 64,161 |
| | $ | 15,830 |
|
Property and equipment | 2,270 |
| | 851 |
|
Loans held for sale and related derivatives | 2,004 |
| | 4,257 |
|
Other intangible assets | 886 |
| | 382 |
|
Total deferred tax liabilities | $ | 69,321 |
| | $ | 21,320 |
|
Net deferred tax liabilities | $ | 28,379 |
| | $ | 14,381 |
|
As of December 31, 2013, the Company had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $94,973 and $64,241, respectively, available to offset future taxable income and expiring from 2027 to 2033. As of December 31, 2012, the Company had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $15,230 and $11,444, respectively. The increase in both the federal and state net operating loss carryforwards during the year ended December 31, 2013 was due primarily to increases in timing differences related to originated MSRs and derivative assets and liabilities (IRLCs and related forward MBS trades). Because the Company’s primary business activity consists of the origination and sale of mortgage loans with the retention of servicing rights, these sales typically result in the recognition of gains for book purposes. However, because the servicing retained by the Company constitutes normal servicing, as that term is defined in applicable income tax guidance of the Internal Revenue Code, these sales do not result in the recognition of a corresponding amount of taxable gain. Similarly, the Company’s IRLCs and related forward MBS trades are recorded as derivative financial instruments and changes in fair value are recorded for book purposes under GAAP. However, the IRLCs and forward MBS trades with respect to the IRLCs are not subject to mark-to-market adjustments for tax purposes.
The Company analyzed the impact of its October 10, 2013 initial public offering (as further described in Note 17, "Capital Stock") and determined that an ownership change under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code ("Section 382 ownership change") occurred. The Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") allows for the application of two approaches (the full value method and the hold constant principle) for valuing companies when identifying a Section 382 ownership change and requires that the taxpayers apply a consistent method from year to year. As a result of the ownership change, the Company evaluated the impact to the net operating loss carryforward. Management calculated the resulting annual limitation on the utilization of the Company's net operating loss carryforwards and determined that it was more likely than not that the net operating loss carryforwards will be utilized prior to their expiration. Accordingly, no valuation allowance has been established at December 31, 2013.
The Company also analyzed the impact of its private equity offering that occurred on May 15, 2013 (as further described in Note 17, “Capital Stock”) and determined whether a Section 382 ownership change had occurred. The Company
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
applied the full value method in its valuation and analysis of the Section 382 ownership change and, as a result, determined that a Section 382 ownership change did not occur.
As a result of a significant investment made by holders of Series D convertible preferred stock (as further described in Note 17, “Capital Stock”) on March 9, 2012, the Company experienced a Section 382 ownership change. Management performed an analysis of the resulting annual limitation on the utilization of the Company's net operating loss carryforwards and, based on that analysis, determined that it was more likely than not that these net operating loss carryforwards will be utilized prior to their expiration. Accordingly, no valuation allowance has been established at December 31, 2013.
16. Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments to Extend Credit
The Company enters into interest rate lock commitments ("IRLCs") with customers who have applied for residential mortgage loans and meet certain credit and underwriting criteria. These commitments expose the Company to market risk if interest rates change and the loan is not economically hedged or committed to an investor. The Company is also exposed to credit loss if the loan is originated and not sold to an investor and the customer does not perform. The collateral upon extension of credit typically consists of a first deed of trust in the mortgagor’s residential property. Commitments to originate loans do not necessarily reflect future cash requirements as some commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon. Total commitments to originate loans as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 approximated $1,190,119 and $1,139,963, respectively.
Leases
The Company leases office space and equipment under non-cancelable operating agreements expiring through October 2022. Rent expense amounted to $3,458, $1,259 and $746 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Future minimum rental payments under the leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable term in excess of one year are as follows at December 31, 2013:
|
| | | |
2014 | $ | 4,684 |
|
2015 | 4,299 |
|
2016 | 3,691 |
|
2017 | 3,324 |
|
2018 | 3,423 |
|
Thereafter | 6,364 |
|
Total minimum rental payments | $ | 25,785 |
|
Regulatory Net Worth Requirements
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
The Company is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development ("HUD"), which governs non-supervised, direct endorsement mortgagees, and GNMA, FNMA and FHLMC, which governs issuers of GNMA, FNMA and FHLMC securities. Additionally, the Company is required to maintain minimum net worth requirements for many of the states in which it sells and services loans. Each state has its own minimum net worth requirement; these range from $0 to $1,000, depending on the state.
Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary remedial actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could (i) remove the Company’s ability to sell and service loans to or on behalf of the Agencies and (ii) have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. In accordance with the regulatory capital guidelines, the Company must meet specific quantitative measures of assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Further, changes in regulatory and accounting standards, as well as the impact of future events on the Company’s results, may significantly affect the Company’s net worth adequacy.
The Company met all minimum net worth requirements to which it was subject as of December 31, 2013 and 2012. The Company’s required and actual net worth amounts are presented in the following table:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2013 | | December 31, 2012 |
| Net Worth 1 | | Net Worth Required | | Net Worth 1 | | Net Worth Required |
HUD | $ | 298,429 |
| | $ | 2,500 |
| | $ | 51,437 |
| | $ | 1,000 |
|
GNMA | $ | 298,429 |
| | $ | 12,667 |
| | $ | 51,437 |
| | $ | 5,780 |
|
FNMA | $ | 298,429 |
| | $ | 20,635 |
| | $ | 51,437 |
| | $ | 2,500 |
|
FHLMC | $ | 298,429 |
| | $ | 2,905 |
| | N/A |
| | N/A |
|
Various States | $ | 298,429 |
| | $0-$1,000 |
| | $ | 51,437 |
| | $0-$1,000 |
|
1 Calculated in compliance with the respective agencies' or states' requirements.
Litigation
The Company is subject to various legal proceedings arising out of the ordinary course of business. As of December 31, 2013, there were no current or pending claims against the Company, which could have a material impact on the Company's statement of financial position, net income or cash flows.
Other Contingencies
During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company became aware that it had purchased certain refinancing loans, with a total principal amount of $5,163, from a correspondent lender where the prior mortgage loan on the property securing the mortgage loan that was purchased from the correspondent was not satisfied and released by the correspondent’s title company at the time the loan from the correspondent was made. As part of the Company’s process in purchasing a mortgage loan from a correspondent, it generally requires that a closing protection letter be issued by the title insurer in favor of the borrower. A closing protection letter was obtained with respect to each of these purchased loans. As a result, the Company believes the borrower is insured against any liens prior to ours that were not identified in connection with the issuance of that closing protection letter. The Company believes that its procedures, including conducting a post-purchase audit, were effective in identifying the failure by the correspondent to obtain a release of the prior mortgage loan and that the Company’s practice of obtaining closing protection letters is appropriate to protect it in these situations. The Company has notified the affected borrowers and the relevant insurance carriers, and it expects that the title insurance obtained in connection with the refinancings will result in the loan having a first priority status. However, there can be no assurances that the prior mortgages will be fully satisfied from the title insurance claims. As a result, the Company has included certain specific reserves in its provision for reserve for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications during the year ended December 31, 2013 related to these purchased correspondent loans.
17. Capital Stock
Initial Public Offering
On October 16, 2013, the Company completed its initial public offering of 8,165,000 shares of common stock (including 1,065,000 shares exercised pursuant to an overallotment option granted to the underwriters) at a price to the public of
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
$16.00 per share, resulting in gross proceeds of approximately $130,640. The underwriting discounts and commissions related to this offering totaled $6,712 and the Company incurred additional equity issuance costs totaling $3,259 related to the initial public offering. As part of the total issuance of shares in the initial public offering, the Company issued all 591,554 shares of treasury stock held, at a cost of $1,707, thereby reducing the balance of treasury stock to zero at December 31, 2013.
Equity Restructuring
On May 14, 2013, all outstanding shares of the Company’s convertible preferred stock (Series B, C and D) were converted into shares of the Company’s common stock on a one-for-one basis. On May 14, 2013, immediately following the conversion of preferred stock to common stock, each share of common stock held was split into 13.861519 shares of common stock.
On May 15, 2013, the Company sold 6,388,889 shares of its common stock at a per share price of $18.00, for total gross proceeds of $115,000, under a private offering under the exemptions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The initial purchaser’s discount and placement fee related to the May 2013 offering totaled $7,700 and the Company incurred additional equity issuance costs totaling $2,700 related to the May 2013 offering.
Issuance of Warrants
On March 29, 2013, in conjunction with a $10,000 term loan the Company entered into with a stockholder, the Company issued warrants to the stockholder for the right to purchase 277,777 shares of its common stock at a price of $18.00 per share. The warrants are exercisable at any time through May 15, 2018. Because the warrants met the criteria of a derivative financial instrument that is indexed to the Company's own stock, the warrants' allocable fair value of $1,522 was recorded as a component of "Additional paid in capital" and resulted in a debt discount in the same amount. The debt discount was fully amortized into interest expense upon the repayment of the term loan in full, resulting in $1,522 of interest expense during the year ended December 31, 2013.
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred Shares”)
During the year ended December 31, 2012, all 415,845 outstanding Series A Preferred Shares were redeemed and retired, at a per share redemption price of $3.61, for a total cash redemption payment of $1,500. In addition, at the time of the redemption, accrued and unpaid dividends of $43 were paid in cash to the sellers of the Series A Preferred Shares. As a result of this redemption, there were no outstanding Series A Preferred Shares as of December 31, 2012.
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series D Preferred Shares”)
During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company issued 8,064,881 Series D Preferred Shares at per share price of $3.97, for total cash proceeds of $32,000. The Company incurred equity issuance costs totaling $1,826 related to the issuance of the Series D Preferred Shares.
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock ("Series C Preferred Shares")
During the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company issued $263,369 Series C Preferred Shares at a per share price of $3.61, for total cash proceeds of $950. The Company incurred equity issuance costs totaling $41 related to the issuance of the Series C Preferred Shares.
Use of Capital and Common Stock Repurchases
Prior to the conversion of the Company’s outstanding convertible preferred stock to common stock in May 2013, the Company paid cash dividends of $27, $119 and $257 to certain of its convertible preferred stockholders during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The Company does not expect to pay dividends on its common stock for the foreseeable future. The declaration of future dividends and the establishment of the per share amount, record dates and payment dates for any such future dividends are subject to the final determination of the Company’s Board of Directors, and will be dependent upon future earnings, cash flows, financial requirements and other factors.
The Company repurchased 630,699 shares of its common stock, at a per share price of $2.89, for a total cost of $1,820 during the year ended December 31, 2012, funding the repurchase from cash on hand. The shares were repurchased from a
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
related party, who at the time of the repurchase was a member of the Company’s Board of Directors. Repurchases of common stock are accounted for using the cost method, with common stock in treasury classified in the balance sheet as a reduction of stockholders’ equity. Stock repurchases are discretionary as the Company is under no obligation to repurchases shares. The Company may repurchase shares when it believes it is a prudent use of capital. There were no repurchases of common stock during the years ended December 31, 2013 or 2011.
18. Stock-Based Compensation
During 2011, the Company adopted the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”) for employees, consultants and non-employee directors. The Plan provided for the grant of stock options (both incentive stock options and nonqualified stock options), stock appreciation rights ("SARs"), restricted stock, performance units, phantom stock, restricted stock units and stock awards.
On August 29, 2013, the Company adopted the 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2013 Plan") for employees and consultants. The 2013 Plan provides for the grant of stock options (both incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options), SARs, restricted stock, restricted stock units, dividend equivalent rights, other stock-based or cash-based awards (collectively, “awards”), with each grant evidenced by an award agreement providing the terms of the award. Incentive stock options may be granted only to employees; all other awards may be granted to employees and consultants. Non-employee directors are not permitted to participate in the 2013 Plan. The 2013 Plan is applicable to all awards granted on or after August 29, 2013 and replaces the 2011 Plan. No new stock-based compensation grants were made under the 2011 Plan after the adoption of the 2013 Plan. The terms and conditions of awards granted under the 2011 Plan prior to the adoption of the 2013 will not be affected by the adoption of the 2013 Plan, and the 2011 Plan will remain effective with respect to such awards. Upon adoption on August 29, 2013, a total of 419,250 shares of the Company's common stock were reserved and available for issuance under the 2013 Plan, which included the 315,925 remaining number of shares available for grant under the 2011 Plan. As of December 31, 2013, there were a total of 369,616 shares of common stock available for future grants under the 2013 Plan.
The Company’s current policy for issuing shares of its common stock upon exercise of stock options or vesting of restricted stock units is to either issue new shares or repurchase outstanding shares of its common stock to settle stock option exercises. The Company currently has no plans to repurchase shares of its common stock.
Stock Options
Nonqualified stock options are granted for a fixed number of shares with an exercise price at least equal to the fair value of the shares at the grant date. Nonqualified stock options granted during 2013 generally vest over four years in equal annual installments and have a term of ten years from the grant date. Nonqualified stock options granted during 2012 vest over three years in equal quarterly installments and have a term of ten years from the grant date. Stock options granted do not contain any voting or dividend rights prior to exercise. The Company recognizes compensation expense associated with the stock option grants using the straight-line method over the requisite service period.
A summary of stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2013 is as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Number of Shares | |
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share | |
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) | |
Aggregate Intrinsic Value |
Outstanding at December 31, 2012 | 101,494 |
| | $ | 3.97 |
| |
| |
|
|
Granted | 1,438,386 |
| | $ | 18.00 |
| |
| |
|
|
Exercised | — |
| | N/A |
| |
| |
|
|
Forfeited or expired | — |
| | N/A |
| |
| |
|
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2013 | 1,539,880 |
| | $ | 17.08 |
| | 9.3 | | $ | 1,275 |
|
Exercisable at December 31, 2013 | 50,747 |
| | $ | 3.97 |
| | 8.2 | | $ | 637 |
|
During the year ended December 31, 2013, 33,831 stock options with a per-share exercise price of $3.97, an aggregate intrinsic value of $425 and remaining contractual term of 8.2 years, vested.
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options granted. The following assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 (there we no options granted during the year ended December 31, 2011):
|
| | | | | | | |
| Years ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
Fair value of underlying common stock | $ | 18.00 |
| | $ | 3.97 |
|
Volatility | 40.00 | % | | 18.00 | % |
Dividend yield | — | % | | — | % |
Risk-free interest rate | 1.08 | % | | 1.01 | % |
Expected term (years) | 6.22 |
| | 5.75 |
|
The weighted average grant-date fair values per share of the stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $7.25 and $0.78, respectively.
Volatility was estimated based on the historical volatility of comparable publicly traded companies. The dividend yield was based on an estimate of future dividend yields. The risk-free interest rate was based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon yield curve in effect at the time of the grants. The expected term was calculated for each grant using the simplified method, as the Company’s outstanding stock option grant met certain SEC criteria for the use of the simplified method.
During the year ended December 31, 2013, as a result of the May 14, 2013 stock-split, the Company modified a stock option award made to one non-employee director. The terms of the award were modified to increase the number of stock options from 7,322 shares to 101,494 shares and to decrease the exercise price of the stock options from $55.00 per share to $3.97 per share. The total incremental compensation costs resulting from this modification was $1,449, of which $682 was recorded as stock-based compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2013.
Restricted Stock Units
Restricted stock units are granted for a fixed number of shares with a fair value equal to the fair value of the Company's common stock at the grant date. Restricted stock units granted during 2013 vest over three years in equal annual installments. Restricted stock units granted do not contain any voting or dividend rights prior to vesting. The Company recognizes compensation expense associated with the restricted stock units using the straight-line method over the requisite service period.
A summary of the nonvested restricted stock unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2013 is as follows:
|
| | | | | | |
| Restricted Stock Units | | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share |
Nonvested at December 31, 2012 | — |
| | N/A |
|
Granted | 49,634 |
| | $ | 17.04 |
|
Vested | — |
| | N/A |
|
Forfeited | — |
| | N/A |
|
Nonvested at December 31, 2013 | 49,634 |
| | $ | 17.04 |
|
During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company recognized total stock-based compensation expense related to stock options and restricted stock units of $2,452, $13 and $0, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company recognized related tax benefits of $987, $5 and $0, respectively. Total unrecognized stock-based compensation costs related to nonvested stock options and restricted stock units as of December 31, 2013 was $9,504 and $837, respectively, and will be recognized using the straight-line method over the weighted average remaining requisite service periods of three years and three years, respectively.
Other Stock Awards
On May 10, 2013, The Company issued 39,145 shares of common stock (from its available treasury shares) to an employee who elected to receive his 2012 incentive compensation in the form of shares of the Company's common stock, as allowed under his employment agreement. The election under the employment agreement that allowed the employee to receive incentive compensation in either cash or the Company's common stock was accounted for as a tandem award compensation agreement. The fair value of the tandem award was determined to be $602 on the date the employee made the election to
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
receive his incentive compensation in stock. Stock-based compensation expense recognized for this tandem award was $127 and $475, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012. The number of shares of common stock issued to this employee upon settlement reflected a net settlement for payroll tax withholding.
The Company has not granted any stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, performance units, phantom stock or other stock-based compensation awards.
19. Retirement Benefit Plans
The Company maintains 401(k) profit sharing plans covering substantially all employees. Employees may contribute amounts subject to certain IRS and plan limitations. The Company may make discretionary matching and non-elective contributions, subject to certain limitations. During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company contributed $1,077, $384 and $163, respectively, to the 401(k) profit sharing plans.
20. Segment Information
The Company’s organizational structure is currently comprised of three operating segments: Originations, Servicing and Financing. The Originations segment primarily originates and sells residential mortgage loans, which conform to the underwriting guidelines of the GSEs and government agencies and non-agency whole loan investors. The Servicing segment includes loan administration, collection and default activities, including the collection and remittance of loan payments, responding to customer inquiries, collection of principal and interest payments, holding custodial funds for the payment of property taxes and insurance premiums, counseling delinquent mortgagors, modifying loans and supervising foreclosures on the Company’s property dispositions. The Financing segment includes warehouse-lending activities to correspondent customers by the Company’s NattyMac subsidiary, which commenced operations in July 2013.
The Company's segments are based upon its organizational structure, and reflect how the chief operating decision maker manages and evaluates the performance of the business, with a focus on the services performed. The accounting policies of each reportable segment are the same as those of the Company. Certain consolidated back-office operations, such as risk and compliance, human resources, information technology, business processes and marketing, are allocated to each individual segment. Expenses are allocated to individual segments based on the estimated value of services performed, including estimated utilization of square footage and corporate personnel.
Financial highlights by segment are as follows:
|
| | | |
| Total Assets |
| December 31, 2013 | | December 31, 2012 |
Originations | $743,365 | | $243,955 |
Servicing | 176,023 | | 43,314 |
Financing | 17,749 | | 3,590 |
Other1 | 52,752 | | 18,747 |
Total | $989,889 | | $309,606 |
1 Includes intersegment eliminations and assets not allocated to the three reportable segments.
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, 2013 |
| Originations | | Servicing | | Financing | | Other/Eliminations1 | | Consolidated |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | |
Gains on mortgage loans held for sale | $ | 83,312 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 15 |
| | $ | 83,327 |
|
Changes in mortgage servicing rights valuation | — |
| | 14,422 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 14,422 |
|
Loan origination and other loan fees | 21,196 |
| | — |
| | 31 |
| | — |
| | 21,227 |
|
Loan servicing fees | — |
| | 22,204 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 22,204 |
|
Interest income | 16,612 |
| | — |
| | 125 |
| | 30 |
| | 16,767 |
|
Total revenues | 121,120 |
| | 36,626 |
| | 156 |
| | 45 |
| | 157,947 |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
Expenses | | | | | | | | | |
Salaries, commissions and benefits | 50,242 |
| | 2,562 |
| | — |
| | 19,671 |
| | 72,475 |
|
General and administrative | 8,749 |
| | 942 |
| | 19 |
| | 13,375 |
| | 23,085 |
|
Interest expense | 12,449 |
| | 260 |
| | — |
| | 1,717 |
| | 14,426 |
|
Occupancy, equipment and communication | 3,999 |
| | 723 |
| | — |
| | 5,121 |
| | 9,843 |
|
Provision for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications | (417 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (417 | ) |
Depreciation and amortization | 360 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,849 |
| | 2,209 |
|
Loss on disposal of property and equipment | 12 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 93 |
| | 105 |
|
Corporate allocations | 14,401 |
| | 1,689 |
| | — |
| | (16,090 | ) | | — |
|
Total expenses | 89,795 |
| | 6,176 |
| | 19 |
| | 25,736 |
| | 121,726 |
|
Income (loss) before taxes | $ | 31,325 |
| | $ | 30,450 |
| | $ | 137 |
| | $ | (25,691 | ) | | $ | 36,221 |
|
1Includes intersegment eliminations and certain corporate income and expenses not allocated to the three reportable segments, such as those related to our accounting, executive administration, finance, internal audit, investor relations, legal and treasury departments.
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, 2012 |
| Originations | | Servicing | | Financing | | Other/Eliminations1 | | Consolidated |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | |
Gains on mortgage loans held for sale | $ | 71,420 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 71,420 |
|
Loan origination and other loan fees | 9,871 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 9,871 |
|
Loan servicing fees | — |
| | 5,908 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 5,908 |
|
Interest income | 5,199 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 58 |
| | 5,257 |
|
Other revenues | 1,172 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,172 |
|
Total revenues | 87,662 |
| | 5,908 |
| | — |
| | 58 |
| | 93,628 |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
Expenses | | | | | | | | | |
Salaries, commissions and benefits | 22,851 |
| | 985 |
| | — |
| | 8,901 |
| | 32,737 |
|
General and administrative | 3,065 |
| | 334 |
| | — |
| | 4,307 |
| | 7,706 |
|
Interest expense | 5,667 |
| | 361 |
| | — |
| | 211 |
| | 6,239 |
|
Occupancy, equipment and communication | 1,635 |
| | 240 |
| | — |
| | 1,124 |
| | 2,999 |
|
Impairment of mortgage servicing rights | — |
| | 11,698 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 11,698 |
|
Amortization of mortgage servicing rights | — |
| | 3,679 |
| | | | — |
| | 3,679 |
|
Depreciation and amortization | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 750 |
| | 750 |
|
Loss on disposal of property and equipment | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 11 |
| | 11 |
|
Corporate allocations | 2,559 |
| | 284 |
| | — |
| | (2,843 | ) | | — |
|
Total expenses | 35,777 |
| | 17,581 |
| | — |
| | 12,461 |
| | 65,819 |
|
Income (loss) before taxes | $ | 51,885 |
| | $ | (11,673 | ) | | $ | — |
| | $ | (12,403 | ) | | $ | 27,809 |
|
1Includes intersegment eliminations and certain corporate income and expenses not allocated to the three reportable segments, such as those related to our accounting, executive administration, finance, internal audit, investor relations, legal and treasury departments.
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, 2011 |
| Originations | | Servicing | | Financing | | Other/Eliminations1 | | Consolidated |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | |
Gains on mortgage loans held for sale | $ | 16,735 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 16,735 |
|
Loan origination and other loan fees | 4,288 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 4,288 |
|
Loan servicing fees | — |
| | 2,628 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 2,628 |
|
Interest income | 2,306 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 65 |
| | 2,371 |
|
Total revenues | 23,329 |
| | 2,628 |
| | — |
| | 65 |
| | 26,022 |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
Expenses | | | | | | | | | |
Salaries, commissions and benefits | 10,741 |
| | 563 |
| | — |
| | 1,781 |
| | 13,085 |
|
General and administrative | 1,610 |
| | 197 |
| | — |
| | 1,356 |
| | 3,163 |
|
Interest expense | 2,414 |
| | 45 |
| | — |
| | 269 |
| | 2,728 |
|
Occupancy, equipment and communication | 880 |
| | 173 |
| | — |
| | 554 |
| | 1,607 |
|
Impairment of mortgage servicing rights | — |
| | 2 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 2 |
|
Amortization of mortgage servicing rights | — |
| | 960 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 960 |
|
Depreciation and amortization | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 357 |
| | 357 |
|
Loss on disposal of property and equipment | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 86 |
| | 86 |
|
Corporate allocations | 589 |
| | 53 |
| | — |
| | (642 | ) | | — |
|
Total expenses | 16,234 |
| | 1,993 |
| | — |
| | 3,761 |
| | 21,988 |
|
Income (loss) before taxes | $ | 7,095 |
| | $ | 635 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | (3,696 | ) | | $ | 4,034 |
|
1Includes intersegment eliminations and certain corporate income and expenses not allocated to the three reportable segments, such as those related to our accounting, executive administration, finance, internal audit, investor relations, legal and treasury departments.
21. Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Supplemental cash flow information and non-cash activities for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 are as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
Cash paid for interest | $ | 12,233 |
| | $ | 6,203 |
| | $ | 2,250 |
|
Cash paid for taxes | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
Settlement of employee's incentive compensation with shares of common stock | $ | 438 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
Non-cash financing activities: | | | | | |
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock | $ | 33,000 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
Repayment of term loan with shares of common stock | $ | 5,655 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
In addition to the non-cash financing activities presented above, during the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company sold a portion of its investment in shares of preferred stock of a closely held entity for $300, of which all of the proceeds from such sale were applied against the Company's outstanding balance on its operating line of credit with the same entity.
22. Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
Selected quarterly financial data is as follows:
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2013
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended |
| | March 31 | | June 30 | | September 30 | | December 31 |
2013 | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | $ | 38,882 |
| | $ | 43,354 |
| | $ | 31,866 |
| | $ | 43,845 |
|
Total expenses | | $ | 23,037 |
| | $ | 28,669 |
| | $ | 29,376 |
| | $ | 40,644 |
|
Income before income tax expenses | | $ | 15,845 |
| | $ | 14,685 |
| | $ | 2,490 |
| | $ | 3,201 |
|
Net income | | $ | 9,715 |
| | $ | 9,135 |
| | $ | 1,683 |
| | $ | 2,065 |
|
Basic earnings per share | | $ | 3.42 |
| | $ | 0.86 |
| | $ | 0.10 |
| | $ | 0.08 |
|
Diluted earnings per share | | $ | 0.86 |
| | $ | 0.63 |
| | $ | 0.10 |
| | $ | 0.08 |
|
2012 | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | $ | 12,973 |
| | $ | 17,350 |
| | $ | 30,884 |
| | $ | 32,421 |
|
Total expenses | | $ | 9,398 |
| | $ | 14,662 |
| | $ | 15,593 |
| | $ | 26,166 |
|
Income before income tax expenses | | $ | 3,575 |
| | $ | 2,688 |
| | $ | 15,291 |
| | $ | 6,255 |
|
Net income | | $ | 2,220 |
| | $ | 1,658 |
| | $ | 9,466 |
| | $ | 3,741 |
|
Basic earnings per share | | $ | 0.71 |
| | $ | 0.49 |
| | $ | 2.90 |
| | $ | 1.18 |
|
Diluted earnings per share | | $ | 0.49 |
| | $ | 0.25 |
| | $ | 1.00 |
| | $ | 0.38 |
|
23. Subsequent Events
On February 4, 2014, the Company completed its acquisition of Medallion Mortgage Company ("Medallion"), a residential mortgage originator based in southern California. Medallion originated more than $400,000 in mortgage loans during the year ended December 31, 2013 through its California and Utah locations, serving customers with an extensive portfolio of residential real estate loan programs. The acquisition of Medallion included 10 offices along the southern and central coast of California, Utah and a new operations center in Ventura, California. In the acquisition of Medallion, the Company agreed to purchase certain assets, assume certain liabilities and offer employment to certain employees. The cash consideration for this acquisition was $258. Consideration yet to be paid for this acquisition also includes contingent consideration based upon future origination volume, for which the Company has not yet determined the acquisition date fair value. The contingent consideration is conditional upon Medallion achieving certain predetermined minimum mortgage loan origination goals during the two-year period following the acquisition date and is uncapped in amount. Total consideration for Medallion, which, along with working capital for the business, will be funded out of the Company's existing cash resources.