Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The accompanying financial statements and the related disclosures are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). Additionally, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the Company’s annual financial statements have been condensed or omitted from this report. Accordingly, these condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017 and notes thereto, included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 15, 2018 (the “2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K”). Apart from the adoption of ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) Restricted Cash (“ASU 2016-18”) as described below, the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited financial statements. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments which are necessary to fairly present the Company’s financial position as of March 31, 2018, the results of its operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 and its cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. Such adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2018, or for any future period. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Catabasis Securities Corporation. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from such estimates. The Company utilizes certain estimates to record expenses relating to research and development contracts. These contract estimates, which are primarily related to the length of service of each contract and the amount of service provided as of each measurement date, are determined by the Company based on input from internal project management, as well as from third-party service providers. Stock-Based Compensation The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation awards in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation ( “ASC 718”). ASC 718 requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the statements of operations based on their grant date fair values. For stock options granted to employees and to members of the board of directors for their services on the board of directors, the Company estimates the grant date fair value of each option award using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The use of the Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires management to make assumptions with respect to the expected term of the option, the expected volatility of the Common Stock consistent with the expected term of the option, risk-free interest rates and expected dividend yields of the Common Stock. For awards subject to service-based vesting conditions, the Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense equal to the grant date fair value of stock options on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The Company expenses restricted stock awards based on the fair value of the award on a straight-line basis over the associated service period of the award. Share-based payments issued to non-employees are recorded at their fair values, and are periodically revalued as the equity instruments vest and are recognized as expense over the related service period in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 505, Equity . For equity instruments granted to non-employees, the Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis. During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for employee and non-employee stock options, which was allocated as follows in the condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 2017 Research and development $ $ General and administrative Total $ $ Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for Common Stock equivalents. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by adjusting weighted average shares outstanding for the dilutive effect of Common Stock equivalents outstanding for the period, determined using the treasury-stock method. For purposes of the Company’s dilutive net loss per share calculation, stock options and warrants to purchase Common Stock were considered to be Common Stock equivalents but were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share, as their effect would be anti-dilutive; therefore, basic and diluted net loss per share were the same for all periods presented. The following Common Stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share for the periods indicated because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect: Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 2017 Stock options Common stock warrants Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash The reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the applicable balance sheet that sum to the total of the same such amount shown in the statement of cash flows is as follows: March 31, 2018 2017 Cash and cash equivalents $ $ Restricted cash Total $ $ Recent Accounting Pronouncements- Adopted In October 2016, the Finaincial Accounting Standards Board, (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-18, which requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted ASU 2016-18 in the period beginning January 1, 2018. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-18 the Company revised the presentation as well as caption of certain items within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows to conform to the current period presentation. These revisions had no impact on the net cash used in operating activities or cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Scope of Modification Accounting , (“ASU 2017-09”). This standard provides clarity on whether the change in existing terms and conditions of a share-based award require application of the guidance in ASC Topic 718, Compensation- Stock Compensation . The Company early adopted the standard in the period ending June 30, 2017. As of March 31, 2018, there was no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, and any future impact from adoption will be dependent on future transactions involving modifications of share-based awards. Recent Accounting Pronouncements- Not Yet Adopted From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the Company believes that the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations upon adoption. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases , (“ASU 2016-02”). This standard amends the existing guidance to require lessees to present most leases on their balance sheets but recognize corresponding expenses on their statements of operations. It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, but early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, (“ASU 2018-02”). This standard amends the existing guidance related to adjustment of deferred liabilities and assets for the effects of changes in tax laws or rates. This amendment is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, but early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-03, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, (“ASU 2018-03”). This standard made improvements to address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. This amendment is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim reporting periods beginning after June 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, and there were no significant changes to such policies in the three months ended March 31, 2018 that had a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position. |