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Internet value-added services (“IVAS”) revenue was US$2 million, a decrease of 55% year-over-year and an increase of 19% quarter-over-quarter. The year-over-year decrease was a result of lower revenue from PC and mobile internet products and the quarter-over-quarter increase was due to higher revenue from PC Internet products.
Gross profit/ (loss)
GAAP andnon-GAAP gross profit were both US$77 million, a decrease of 22% year-over-year and 2% quarter-over-quarter. GAAP andnon-GAAP gross margin were both 66%, compared with 68% in the fourth quarter of 2017, and 67% in the third quarter of 2018.
GAAP andnon-GAAP gross profit of the online games business were both US$80 million, a decrease of 14% year-over-year and 2% quarter-over-quarter. GAAP andnon-GAAP gross margin of the online games business were both 85%, compared with 84% in both the fourth quarter of 2017 and the third quarter of 2018.
GAAP andnon-GAAP gross profit of the online advertising business were both US$3 million, a decrease of 34% year-over-year and 19% quarter-over-quarter. GAAP andnon-GAAP gross margin of the online advertising business were both 70%, compared with 73% in the fourth quarter of 2017 and 75% in the third quarter of 2018. The quarter-over-quarter decrease in gross margin was mainly due to lower online advertising revenue in the fourth quarter of 2018, while costs remained stable compared with the third quarter of 2018.
GAAP andnon-GAAP gross loss of the cinema advertising business were both US$6 million, compared with a gross profit of US$1 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 and a gross loss of US$6 million in the third quarter of 2018. GAAP andnon-GAAP gross margin of the cinema advertising business were both negative 31%, compared with 4% in the fourth quarter of 2017 and negative 37% in the third quarter of 2018. The year-over-year decrease and the quarter-over-quarter increase in gross margin were mainly due to changes in cinema advertising revenue.
GAAP andnon-GAAP gross profit of the IVAS business were both US$0.2 million, compared with gross profit of US$1 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 and gross profit of US$0.2 million in the third quarter of 2018.
Operating expenses
Total operating expenses were US$69 million, an increase of 9% year-over-year and 37% quarter-over-quarter.
Product development expenses were US$33 million, a decrease of 1% year-over-year and an increase of 11% quarter-over-quarter. The quarter-over-quarter increase was mainly due to an increase in outsourcing and licensing fees in the fourth quarter of 2018.
Sales and marketing expenses were US$12 million, a decrease of 40% year-over-year and 6% quarter-over-quarter. The year-over-year decrease was mainly because of lower marketing and promotional spending for online games in the fourth quarter of 2018.
General and administrative expenses were US$8 million, a decrease of 23% year-over-year and 1% quarter-over-quarter. The year-over-year decrease was mainly due to a decrease in office-related fees, as well as a decrease in salary and benefit expenses as a result of a reduction in headcount.
Goodwill impairment was US$16 million. The impairment was mainly related to the 17173.com Website business, which was acquired in 2011. The launch of new initiatives for the 17173.com Website fell behind schedule in the fourth quarter of 2018, and the profit outlook of the business remained uncertain. In addition, due to more stringent regulations, there was a significant decline in the number of new game launches in the market, so the number of games marketed on 17173.com Website also fell. As a result, the Company determined that the future performance of 17173.com Website would likely fall short of expectations, and that impairment charges were required.