Qualigen Therapeutics (QLGN) 10-K 19 Mar 18 2017 FY Annual report Financial data

Document and Entity Information

Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Mar. 19, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Document And Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	RITTER PHARMACEUTICALS INC
Entity Central Index Key	1,460,702
Document Type	10-K
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2017
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity a Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity a Voluntary Filer	No
Entity's Reporting Status Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company
Entity Public Float			$ 8,100,000
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		49,406,521
Trading Symbol	RTTR
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2,017

Balance Sheets

Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 22,631,971	$ 7,046,282
Prepaid expenses	167,400	156,752
Total current assets	22,799,371	7,203,034
Other assets	10,326	10,326
Property and equipment, net	23,873	23,542
Total Assets	22,833,570	7,236,902
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	2,237,579	1,896,368
Accrued expenses	454,252	1,222,735
Other liabilities	15,757	14,736
Total current liabilities	2,707,588	3,133,839
Stockholders' equity
Series A preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 15,000,000 shares authorized; 9,140 and 0 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively	5,128,536
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 225,000,000 and 25,000,000 shares authorized; 49,406,521 and 11,619,197 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively	49,407	11,619
Additional paid-in capital	68,279,473	49,559,020
Accumulated deficit	(53,331,434)	(45,467,576)
Total stockholders' equity	20,125,982	4,103,063
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$ 22,833,570	$ 7,236,902

Balance Sheets (Parenthetical)

Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Series A preferred stock, par value	$ 0.001
Series A preferred stock, shares authorized	15,000,000	0
Series A preferred stock, shares issued	9,140	0
Series A preferred stock, shares outstanding	9,140	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	225,000,000	25,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	49,406,521	11,619,197
Common stock, shares outstanding	49,406,521	11,619,197

Statements of Operations

Statements of Operations - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Operating costs and expenses:
Research and development	$ 2,874,184	$ 13,292,488
Patent costs	250,372	272,514
General and administrative	4,777,902	4,881,725
Total operating costs and expenses	7,902,458	18,446,727
Operating loss	(7,902,458)	(18,446,727)
Other income:
Interest income	40,227	60,879
Other (expense) income	(1,627)	1,214
Total other income	38,600	62,093
Net loss	(7,863,858)	(18,384,634)
Deemed dividend of Series A preferred stock	(3,111,020)
Net loss applicable to common stockholders	$ (10,974,878)	$ (18,384,634)
Net loss per common share - basic and diluted	$ (0.50)	$ (2.04)
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted	22,149,510	8,993,317

Statements of Changes in Stockh

Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)	Series A Preferred Stock [Member]	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member]	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015		$ 8,582	$ 41,759,355	$ (27,082,942)	$ 14,684,995
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2015		8,582,004
Issuance of shares upon follow-on offering		$ 2,127	4,997,873		5,000,000
Issuance of shares upon follow-on offering, shares		2,127,660
Commissions and offering costs of follow-on offering			(598,118)		(598,118)
Issuance of shares under common stock purchase agreement		$ 889	2,025,173		2,026,062
Issuance of shares under common stock purchase agreement, shares		888,835
Stock-based compensation			1,359,205		1,359,205
Exercise of options on common stock		$ 21	15,532		15,553
Exercise of options on common stock, shares		20,698
Net loss				(18,384,634)	(18,384,634)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016		$ 11,619	49,559,020	(45,467,576)	4,103,063
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2016		11,619,197
Issuance of shares upon follow-on offering	$ 5,150,980	$ 34,550	17,844,220		23,029,750
Issuance of shares upon follow-on offering, shares	9,180	34,550,000
Commissions and offering costs of follow-on offering			(2,038,471)		(2,038,471)
Issuance of shares under common stock purchase agreement		$ 3,138	1,996,862		2,000,000
Issuance of shares under common stock purchase agreement, shares		3,137,324
Stock-based compensation			895,498		895,498
Conversion of series A preferred shares	$ (22,444)	$ 100	22,344
Conversion of series A preferred shares, shares	(40)	100,000
Net loss				(7,863,858)	(7,863,858)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 5,128,536	$ 49,407	$ 68,279,473	$ (53,331,434)	$ 20,125,982
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2017	9,140	49,406,521

Statements of Cash Flows

Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$ (7,863,858)	$ (18,384,634)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	5,720	5,209
Stock based compensation	895,498	1,359,205
Loss on disposal of equipment	1,627
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(10,648)	32,384
Accounts payable	341,211	1,157,011
Accrued expenses	(768,483)	608,594
Other liabilities	1,021	13,513
Net cash used in operating activities	(7,397,912)	(15,208,718)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property and equipment	(7,678)	(8,063)
Net cash used in investing activities	(7,678)	(8,063)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from the issuance of shares upon closing of follow-on offering	23,029,750	5,000,000
Commission and issuance costs of follow-on offering	(2,038,471)	(598,118)
Proceeds from the issuance of shares from common stock purchase agreement	2,000,000	2,026,062
Proceeds from exercising of options on common stock		15,553
Net cash provided by financing activities	22,991,279	6,443,497
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	15,585,689	(8,773,284)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	7,046,282	15,819,566
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	22,631,971	7,046,282
Non-cash financing activities:
Deemed dividend on Series A Preferred Stock	3,111,020
Cash paid for taxes	$ 800	$ 80,702

Organization and Principal Acti

Organization and Principal Activities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Organization and Principal Activities	NOTE 1 — ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES Ritter Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Ritter” or the “Company”) is a Delaware corporation headquartered in Los Angeles, California. The Company was formed as a Nevada limited liability company on March 29, 2004 under the name Ritter Natural Sciences, LLC, and converted into a Delaware corporation on September 16, 2008. Ritter Pharmaceuticals, Inc. develops therapeutic products that modulate the human gut microbiome to treat gastrointestinal diseases. The Company conducts human gut health research by exploring metabolic capacity of the gut microbiota and translating the functionality of prebiotic-based therapeutics. The Company’s lead compound, RP-G28 is currently under development for the treatment of lactose intolerance. There currently is no drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for the treatment of lactose intolerance, a debilitating disease that affects over 1 billion people worldwide. The Company currently operates in one business segment focusing on the development and commercialization of RP-G28. The Company is not organized by market and is managed and operated as one business. A single management team reports to the chief operating decision maker, the Chief Executive Officer. The Company does not currently operate any separate lines of business or separate business entities.

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	NOTE 2 — BASIS OF PRESENTATION The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and include all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position for the periods presented. Going Concern and Liquidity The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates, among other things, the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company has not generated any product revenue and has not achieved profitable operations. The Company had net losses of approximately $7.9 million and $18.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and had net cash used in operating activities of approximately $7.4 million and $15.2 million, for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. There is no assurance that profitable operations will ever be achieved, and, if achieved, could be sustained on a continuing basis. In addition, development activities, clinical and pre-clinical testing, and commercialization of the Company’s products will require significant financing. These matters, among others, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Since inception, the operations of the Company have been funded through the sale of common shares, preferred shares and convertible debt. Management cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. To the extent that the Company raises additional funds by issuing equity securities, the Company’s stockholders may experience significant dilution. Any debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants that impact the Company’s ability to conduct business. If the Company is not able to raise additional capital when required or on acceptable terms, the Company may have to (i) significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development and/or commercialization of one or more product candidates; (ii) seeks collaborators for product candidates at an earlier stage than otherwise would be desirable and on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available; (iii) relinquish or otherwise dispose of rights to technologies, product candidates or products that the Company would otherwise seek to develop or commercialize. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

Summary of Significant Accounti

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	NOTE 3 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences may be material to the financial statements. The more significant estimates and assumptions by management include among others; the valuation allowance of deferred tax assets resulting from net operating losses and the valuation of options on the Company’s common stock. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash consists of amounts held in a financial institution and consists of immediately available fund balances. The funds were maintained at a stable financial institution, generally at amounts in excess of federally insured limits, which represents a concentration of credit risk. The Company has not experienced any losses on deposits of cash and cash equivalents to date. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method (see Note 4). Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is credited or charged to income. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred while expenditures for refurbishments and improvements that significantly add to the productive capacity or extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company periodically assesses the impairment of long lived assets in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 360, Property Plant and Equipment. Clinical Trial and Pre-Clinical Study Accruals The Company makes estimates of accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date in its financial statements based on the facts and circumstances known to it at that time. Accrued expenses for pre-clinical studies and clinical trials are based on estimates of costs incurred and fees that may be associated with services provided by contract research organizations, clinical trial investigational sites, and other related vendors. Payments under certain contracts with such parties depend on factors such as successful enrollment of patients, site initiation and the completion of milestones. In accruing service fees, management estimates the time period over which services will be performed and the level of effort to be expended in each period. If possible, the Company obtains information regarding unbilled services directly from these service providers. However, the Company may be required to estimate these services based on other information available to it. If the Company underestimates or overestimates the activity or fees associated with a study or service at a given point in time, adjustments to research and development expenses may be necessary in future periods. Historically, estimated accrued liabilities have approximated actual expense incurred. Subsequent changes in estimates may result in a material change in the Company’s accruals. Research and Development The Company expenses the cost of research and development as incurred. Research and development expenses comprise costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including clinical trial costs, manufacturing costs for both clinical and pre-clinical materials as well as other contracted services, license fees, and other external costs. Nonrefundable advance payments for goods and services that will be used in future research and development activities are expensed when the activity is performed or when the goods have been received, rather than when payment is made, in accordance with ASC Topic 730, Research and Development Patent Costs The Company has no historical data to support a probable future economic benefit for the arising patent applications, filing and prosecution costs. Therefore, patent costs are expensed as incurred. Should the Company experience a legal cost to defend a patent in the future, that cost would be capitalized only when it is part of the cost of retaining and obtaining the future economic benefit of the patent. Costs related to an unsuccessful outcome would be expensed. Stock-based Compensation Stock-based compensation cost for stock awards issued to employees, members of the Company’s board of directors and non-employees, is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the required service period, which is generally equal to the vesting period. Stock-based compensation is recognized only for those awards that are ultimately expected to vest. Common stock, stock options or warrants issued to non-employees, including consultants and members of the Company’s Scientific Advisory Board as consideration for goods or services received by the Company, are accounted for based on the fair value of the equity instruments issued unless the fair value consideration received can be more reliably measured. The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value of any options issued to non-employees is recorded as expense over the vesting period. See Note 8 for further information. Fair Value Measurements The Company follows authoritative accounting guidance, which among other things, defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, a three-tier fair value hierarchy has been established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active. Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses, accounts payable and accrued expenses are generally considered to be representative of their fair value because of the short term nature of these instruments. No transfers between levels have occurred during the periods presented. Convertible Preferred Stock The Company follows authoritative accounting guidance to distinguish liabilities from equity when assessing the classification and measurement of preferred stock. Preferred shares subject to mandatory redemptions are considered liabilities and measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable preferred shares are considered temporary equity. All other preferred shares are considered as stockholders’ equity. Derivative Financial Instruments The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market, or foreign currency risks. Management evaluates all of the Company’s financial instruments, including warrants, to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives. The Company generally uses either the Black-Scholes option-pricing model or a Monte Carlo simulation, as applicable, to value the derivative instruments at inception and subsequent valuation dates when needed. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is re-assessed at the end of each reporting period. Accounting for Income Taxes Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future consequences of events that have been reflected in the financial statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities and operating loss carryforwards, using tax rates expected to be in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. Such differences arise primarily from stock-based compensation and net operating loss carryforwards. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred income tax assets when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Prior to September 15, 2008, the Company was a limited liability company and the Company’s tax losses and credits generally flowed directly to the members. Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method or the two-class method, whichever is more dilutive. The potentially dilutive stock options issued under the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (described in Note 8), Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (described in Note 6) and warrants on the Company’s common stock (described in Notes 6 and 7) are not considered in the computation of diluted net loss per share because they would be anti-dilutive. Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. The Company is required to record all components of comprehensive loss in the financial statements in the period in which they are recognized. Net income (loss) and other comprehensive loss, including foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains and losses on investments are reported, net of their related tax effect, to arrive at a comprehensive loss. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, comprehensive loss was equal to the net loss. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) i.e., Leases On March 30, 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting On August 26, 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), In May 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting . In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480); Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features, (Part II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and Equipment	NOTE 4 — PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Property and equipment consists of the following: Estimated Life December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Computer equipment 5 years $ 13,582 $ 10,274 Furniture and fixtures 7 years 19,158 23,325 Total property and equipment 32,740 33,599 Accumulated depreciation (8,867 ) (10,057 ) Property and equipment, net $ 23,873 $ 23,542 Depreciation expense of approximately $5,700 and $5,200 was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and is classified in general and administrative expense in the accompanying Statements of Operations.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	NOTE 5 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Master Services Agreement On December 30, 2015, we entered into a Master Service Agreement with Covance, Inc. (“Covance”), with an effective date of December 29, 2015. Pursuant to the terms of the Master Service Agreement, Covance (or one or more of its affiliates) will provide Phase 1, 2, 3, and 4 clinical services for a clinical study or studies to us, and, at our request, assist us with the design of such studies, in accordance with the terms of separate individual project agreements to be entered into by the parties. The term of the agreement is for three years and will renew automatically for successive one year periods unless Covance is no longer providing services under the agreement or either party has terminated the agreement upon written notice. We may terminate the Master Service Agreement or any individual project agreement entered into under the Master Service Agreement prior to the applicable study’s completion at any time for any reason upon 30 days written notice to Covance, except when the reason for termination is the safety of subjects, in which case it may be terminated immediately. Covance may not terminate any individual project agreement without cause, except when the reason for the termination is the safety of subjects, in which case it may be terminated immediately. In the event of a termination of the Master Service Agreement, Covance will be entitled to full payment for (i) work performed on the applicable project upon through the date work on such project is concluded and (ii) reimbursement for all non-cancellable and non-refundable expenses and financial obligations which Covance (or an affiliate) has incurred or undertaken on our behalf. Clinical Supply and Cooperation Agreement with Ricerche Sperimentali Montale (“Ricerche”) and Inalco SpA (“Inalco”) Effective July 24, 2015, we entered into an amended Clinical Supply and Cooperation Agreement (the “Amended Supply Agreement”) with Ricerche and Inalco (collectively, “RSM”). The Amended Supply Agreement amends certain terms of the Clinical Supply and Cooperation Agreement, dated December 16, 2009, amended on September 25, 2010 (the “Existing Supply Agreement”). Under the Existing Supply Agreement, RSM granted us an exclusive worldwide option in a specified field and territory to assignment of all right, title and interest to a purified galacto-oligosaccharides product (“Improved GOS”), the composition of matter of the Improved GOS and any information relating to the Improved GOS, including certain specified technical information and other intellectual property rights (the “Improved GOS IP”). Pursuant to the amended terms, we could exercise the option by paying RSM $800,000 within ten days after the effective date of the Amended Supply Agreement. We exercised this option on July 30, 2015 and RSM transferred the Improved GOS IP to us. Under the terms of the Existing Supply Agreement, if a further option payment of $1 million due in the future is not made, we may be required to return the Improved GOS IP to RSM. The Amended Supply Agreement also provides that we must pay RSM $400,000 within 10 days following FDA approval of a new drug application for the first product owned or controlled by us using Improved GOS as its active pharmaceutical ingredient. In consideration for RSM entering into the Amended Supply Agreement, we issued 100,000 shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “RSM Shares”), to RSM on November 30, 2015. Fair value of these shares totaling $416,000 was recognized in stockholders’ equity in the balance sheet as of December 31, 2015. Lease Agreement On July 9, 2015, we entered into a lease with Century Park, a California limited partnership, pursuant to which we are leasing approximately 2,780 square feet of office space in Los Angeles, California for our headquarters. The lease provides for a term of sixty-one (61) months, commencing on October 1, 2015. We paid no rent for the first month of the term and will pay base rent of $9,174 per month for months 2 through 13 of the term, with increasing base rent for each twelve month period thereafter under the term of the lease to a maximum of $10,325 per month for months 50 through 61. The base rent payments do not include our proportionate share of any operating expenses, including real estate taxes. We have the option to extend the term of the lease for one five-year term, provided that the rent would be subject to market adjustment at the beginning of the renewal term. We will recognize rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Rent expense, recognized on a straight-line basis, was approximately $115,000 and $115,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and is recorded in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying statements of operations. The following table summarizes our lease obligations at December 31, 2017: LEASE COMMITMENTS Years ended December 31, Operating Lease 2018 $ 117,376 2019 120,898 2020 103,254 Total minimum lease payments $ 341,528 Legal The Company is not currently involved in any legal matters arising in the normal course of business. From time to time, the Company could become involved in disputes and various litigation matters that arise in the normal course of business. These may include disputes and lawsuits related to intellectual property, licensing, contract law and employee relations matters. Periodically, the Company reviews the status of significant matters, if any exist, and assesses its potential financial exposure. If the potential loss from any claim or legal claim is considered probable and the amount can be estimated, the Company accrues a liability for the estimated loss. Legal proceedings are subject to uncertainties, and the outcomes are difficult to predict. Because of such uncertainties, accruals are based on the best information available at the time. As additional information becomes available, the Company reassesses the potential liability related to pending claims and litigation.

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders' Equity	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Equity [Abstract]
Stockholders' Equity	NOTE 6— STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Authorized Shares On September 15, 2017, the Company amended its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to authorize the issuance of up to 225,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, and 15,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had 49,406,521 shares of common stock and 9,140 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock issued and outstanding. Each share of the Company’s common stock is entitled to one vote, and all shares rank equally as to voting and other matters. Each share of Series A preferred stock is convertible by the holder at $0.40 per share; subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, subsequent rights offerings, pro rata distributions, and fundamental transactions. Holders are entitled to receive, and the Company shall pay, dividends on outstanding shares of Series A preferred stock, on an as-if-converted-to-common-stock basis, equal to and in the same form as dividends actually paid on outstanding common shares when, as and if such dividends are paid on outstanding common shares. Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, the holders of Series A preferred stock shall be entitled to receive out of the assets, whether capital or surplus, of the Company the same amount that a holder of common stock would receive if the Series A preferred stock were fully converted to common stock, which amounts shall be paid pari passu with all common shareholders. Holders of Series A preferred stock have no voting rights. However, as long as any shares of Series A preferred stock are outstanding, the Company shall not, without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the then outstanding shares of Series A preferred stock, (a) alter or change adversely the powers, preferences or rights given to the Series A preferred stock or alter or amend the applicable Certificate of Designation, (b) amend the Company’s certificate of incorporation or other charter documents in any manner that adversely affects any rights of the holders of Series A preferred stock, (c) increase the number of authorized shares of Series A preferred stock, or (d) enter into any agreement with respect to any of the foregoing. Aspire Capital Financing Arrangement On December 18, 2015, the Company entered into a common stock purchase agreement (the “2015 Aspire Purchase Agreement”) with Aspire Capital Fund, LLC (“Aspire Capital”), pursuant to which Aspire Capital was committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $10.0 million of the Company’s shares of common stock over the approximate 30-month term of the 2015 Aspire Purchase Agreement. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had issued an aggregate of 4,577,699 shares of its common stock to Aspire Capital under the 2015 Aspire Purchase Agreement for approximate proceeds of $5.0 million. On May 4, 2017, the Company terminated the 2015 Aspire Purchase Agreement and entered into a new common stock purchase agreement with Aspire Capital (the “2017 Aspire Purchase Agreement”), which provides that upon the terms and conditions set forth therein, Aspire Capital is committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $6.5 million of shares of the Company’s common stock over the 30-month term of the 2017 Aspire Purchase Agreement. On any trading day on which the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $0.25, the Company has the right, in its sole discretion, to present Aspire Capital with a purchase notice, directing Aspire Capital (as principal) to purchase up to 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock per trading day, for up to $6.5 million of the Company’s common stock in the aggregate at a per share price, calculated by reference to the prevailing market price of the Company’s common stock (as provided in the 2017 Aspire Purchase Agreement). As a condition to the 2017 Aspire Purchase Agreement, the Company issued 137,324 shares of its common stock to Aspire Capital as a commitment fee. As of the date of this Annual Report, no shares of common stock have been sold to Aspire Capital under the 2017 Aspire Purchase Agreement. October 2016 Public Offering On October 31, 2016, the Company closed a public offering, selling 2,127,660 shares of the Company’s common stock at a price to the public of $2.35 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of approximately $5.0 million. The Company paid to the underwriters underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $0.4 million in connection with the offering, and approximately $0.2 million of other expenses in connection with the offering. This offering was made pursuant to a shelf registration statement on Form S-3, which was declared effective by the SEC on August 23, 2016. The shelf registration statement allows the Company to issue, from time to time at prices and on terms to be determined at or prior to the time of an offering, up to $150,000,000 of any combination of an indeterminate number of shares of common stock, an indeterminate number of shares of preferred stock, an indeterminate principal amount of debt securities, an indeterminate number of warrants, rights and purchase contracts to purchase common stock or debt securities, and an indeterminate number of units. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate offering price not to exceed $150,000,000, less the aggregate dollar amount of all securities previously issued hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock that may be issued upon conversion or exchange of convertible or exchangeable securities being registered or pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions of any such securities. October 2017 Public Offering On October 3, 2017, the Company closed a public offering, selling an aggregate of (i) 34,550,000 Class A Units consisting of 34,550,000 shares of the Company’s common stock and warrants to purchase 34,550,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a public offering price of $0.40 per unit, and (ii) 9,180 Class B Units consisting of 9,180 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, with a stated value of $1,000 per unit, and convertible into an aggregate of 22,950,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 22,950,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The securities were offered by the Company pursuant to a registration statement filed with the SEC that was declared effective on September 28, 2017. The final prospectus relating to the offering was filed with the SEC on October 2, 2017. The warrants have an exercise price of $0.44, are exercisable upon issuance and expire five years from the date of issuance. The warrant agreements provide for an adjustment to the number of common shares issuable under the warrants and/or adjustment to the exercise price, including but not limited to, if: (a) the Company issues shares of common stock as a dividend or distribution to holders of its common stock; (b) the Company subdivides or combines its common stock; or (c) adjustment of the exercise price upon subsequent equity sales or issuance of new securities by the Company at less than the exercise price. The Company granted the underwriters a 45-day option to purchase an additional 8,625,000 shares of the Company’s common stock and/or warrants to purchase an additional 8,625,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. As of the closing of the offering, the underwriters have exercised their over-allotment option for warrants to purchase 2,975,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Aggregate gross proceeds to the Company from the public offering were approximately $23.0 million. The Company paid underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $1.6 million in connection with the offering, and approximately $0.4 million of other expenses in connection with the offering. The Company early adopted the provisions of ASU 2017-11 in recognizing the warrants. As a result, the exercise price reset provisions were excluded from the assessment of whether the warrants are considered indexed to the Company’s own stock. The warrants otherwise meet the requirements for equity classification, as such were initially classified in Stockholders’ Equity. The Company will recognize the value of the exercise price reset provision if and when it becomes triggered, by recognizing the value of the effect of the exercise price reset as a deemed dividend and a reduction of income available to common shareholders in computing basic earnings per share. The proceeds received in the October 2017 Public Offering were allocated to each instrument on a relative fair value basis. Total proceeds of $23.0 million were allocated to warrants issued, $10.1 million, Common Stock, $7.8 million and Series A Preferred Stock, $5.1 million. The allocation resulted in an effective conversion price for the Series A preferred stock that was below the quoted market price of the Company’s common stock on the closing date. As such, the Company recognized a beneficial conversion feature equal to the intrinsic value of the conversion feature on the closing date, resulting in a deemed dividend for the Series A preferred stock of approximately $3.1 million recognized on the closing date.

Warrants

Warrants	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Warrants and Rights Note Disclosure [Abstract]
Warrants	NOTE 7 — WARRANTS Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 61,053,323 shares of the Company’s common stock were outstanding at December 31, 2017. These warrants are all vested and exercisable, have exercise prices ranging from $0.44 to $9.30 per share, with a weighted average exercise price of $0.52, and expire at various dates through October 2022.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Stock-Based Compensation	NOTE 8 — STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION Equity Incentive Plans The Company has issued equity awards pursuant to its 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”), 2009 Stock Plan and 2008 Stock Plan (collectively the “Plans”). The Plans permit the Company to grant non-statutory stock options, incentive stock options and other equity awards to the Company’s employees, outside directors and consultants; however, incentive stock options may only be granted to the Company’s employees. Beginning June 29, 2015, no further awards may be granted under the 2009 Stock Plan or 2008 Stock Plan. However, to the extent awards under the 2008 Plan or 2009 Plan are forfeited or lapse unexercised or are settled in cash, the common stock subject to such awards will be available for future issuance under the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan. On June 2, 2017, the stockholders of the Company approved an amendment to the 2015 Plan at the 2017 annual meeting of stockholders, which among other things, increased the number of shares that may be issued pursuant to awards under the 2015 Plan by 838,000 shares of common stock. On September 15, 2017, the stockholders of the Company approved an amendment to the 2015 Plan at a special meeting of stockholders, which among other things, increased the number of shares that may be issued pursuant to awards under the 2015 Plan by 25,858,711 shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2017, the aggregate number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 2015 Plan, as amended, was 27,500,000, and 26,720,193 shares were available for issuance as of December 31, 2017. The following represents a summary of the options granted to employees and non-employees that are outstanding at December 31, 2017 and changes during the period then ended: Number of Shares Weighted- Average Exercise Price Aggregate Intrinsic Value Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) Outstanding at December 31, 2016 2,476,924 $ 6.01 $ 497,351 8.3 Options granted 88,000 2.89 ― 7.3 Options forfeited (23,124 ) 2.52 ― ― Outstanding at December 31, 2017 2,541,800 5.93 ― 7.3 Exercisable at December 31, 2017 1,718,370 $ 6.02 $ ― 7.0 The exercise price for an option issued under the Plans is determined by the Board of Directors, but will be (i) in the case of an incentive stock option (A) granted to an employee who, at the time of grant of such option, is a 10% stockholder, no less than 110% of the fair market value per share on the date of grant; or (B) granted to any other employee, no less than 100% of the fair market value per share on the date of grant; and (ii) in the case of a non-statutory stock option, no less than 100% of the fair market value per share on the date of grant. The options awarded under the Plans will vest as determined by the Board of Directors but will not exceed a ten-year period. Fair Value of Equity Awards The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value awards under its Plans. Key valuation assumptions include: ● Expected dividend yield. ● Expected stock-price volatility. ● Risk-free interest rate. ● Expected term. The Company elected to adopt the amendments of ASU 2016-09 (described in Note 3) related to the presentation of excess tax benefits on the statement of cash flows using a prospective transition method and there was no impact to these financial statements. The material factors incorporated in the Black-Scholes model in estimating the fair value of the options granted for the periods presented were as follows: Years ended December 31, 2017 2016 Expected dividend yield 0.00 % 0.00 % Expected stock-price volatility 53.08% - 54.08 % 53.60% - 59.03 % Risk-free interest rate 1.89% - 2.58 % 1.29% - 1.78 % Term of options 10 10 Stock price $0.30 - $3.48 $1.13 - $1.68 Stock-Based Compensation The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense for services within general and administrative expense in the accompanying statements of operations of approximately $895,000 and $1,359,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, there was approximately $414,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock-based compensation arrangements. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.0 years. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $0 and $56,000, respectively. The cash received from exercised options was approximately $16,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	NOTE 10 — RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS A director of the Company is a managing director of Javelin Venture Partners GP, LLC, the general partner of Javelin Venture Partners GP, L.P., which holds a significant investment in the Company’s common stock and warrants. Two directors of the Company have acted as a managing director of Stonehenge Partners, LLC, which holds significant investment in the Company’s common stock. Other than disclosed, the Company has not entered into or been a participant in any transaction in which a related party had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	NOTE 11 — INCOME TAXES As of December 31, 2017, the Company has net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $39 million available to reduce future taxable income, if any, for Federal and state income tax purposes. The U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2028. As of December 31, 2017, the Company has Federal and state research and development credit carryforwards of approximately $1.4 million and $800,000, respectively, available to reduce future taxable income, if any, for Federal and state income tax purposes. The Federal credit carryforwards begin to expire in 2029. California credits have no expiration date. Under the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) Sections 382 and 383, annual use of the Company’s net operating loss and research tax credit carryforwards to offset taxable income may be limited based on cumulative changes in ownership. The Company has not completed an analysis to determine whether any such limitations have been triggered as of December 31, 2017. The Company has no income tax affect due to the recognition of a full valuation allowance on the expected tax benefits of future loss carry forwards based on uncertainty surrounding realization of such assets. A reconciliation of the statutory income tax rates and the Company’s effective tax rate is as follows: December 31, 2017 2016 Statutory U.S. federal rate 34.0 % 34.0 % State income tax, net of federal benefit 5.8 % 5.8 % Meals & entertainment (0.2 )% (0.1 )% Valuation allowance (39.6 )% (39.7 )% Provision for income taxes 0.0 % 0.0 % The tax effects of the temporary differences and carry forwards that give rise to deferred tax assets consist of the following: As of December 31, 2017 2016 Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carry forwards $ 10,906,689 $ 12,862,811 Patent costs 325,615 363,775 Accrued Vacation 21,019 31,583 Research and development credit 1,932,804 1,951,539 Stock-based compensation 1,722,380 2,095,076 Other 8,766 7,535 Gross deferred tax assets 14,917,273 17,312,319 Valuation allowance (14,917,273 ) (17,312,319 ) Net deferred tax assets $ — $ — The Company did not record any accruals for income tax accounting uncertainties for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 . Authoritative guidance requires companies to accrue interest and related penalties, if applicable, on all tax positions for which reserves have been established consistent with jurisdictional tax laws. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties that would be assessed in relation to the settlement value of unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. The Company did not accrue either interest or penalties from inception through December 31, 2017. The Company does not have any unrecognized tax benefits that will significantly decrease or increase within 12 months of December 31, 2017. The Company’s major tax jurisdictions are the United States and California. All of the Company’s tax years will remain open three and four years for examination by the Federal and state tax authorities, respectively, from the date of utilization of the net operating loss. The Company does not have any tax audits pending. Regarding 2018 federal tax reform, the Company re-measured certain deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future, which is generally 21%. For certain deferred tax assets, the Company has recorded a decrease of approximately $5.5 million, with a corresponding adjustment to valuation allowance for the year ended December 31, 2017. There is no impact on the tax expense.

Summary of Significant Accoun17

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences may be material to the financial statements. The more significant estimates and assumptions by management include among others; the valuation allowance of deferred tax assets resulting from net operating losses and the valuation of options on the Company’s common stock.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash consists of amounts held in a financial institution and consists of immediately available fund balances. The funds were maintained at a stable financial institution, generally at amounts in excess of federally insured limits, which represents a concentration of credit risk. The Company has not experienced any losses on deposits of cash and cash equivalents to date.
Property and Equipment	Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method (see Note 4). Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is credited or charged to income. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred while expenditures for refurbishments and improvements that significantly add to the productive capacity or extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company periodically assesses the impairment of long lived assets in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 360, Property Plant and Equipment.
Clinical Trial and Pre-Clinical Study Accruals	Clinical Trial and Pre-Clinical Study Accruals The Company makes estimates of accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date in its financial statements based on the facts and circumstances known to it at that time. Accrued expenses for pre-clinical studies and clinical trials are based on estimates of costs incurred and fees that may be associated with services provided by contract research organizations, clinical trial investigational sites, and other related vendors. Payments under certain contracts with such parties depend on factors such as successful enrollment of patients, site initiation and the completion of milestones. In accruing service fees, management estimates the time period over which services will be performed and the level of effort to be expended in each period. If possible, the Company obtains information regarding unbilled services directly from these service providers. However, the Company may be required to estimate these services based on other information available to it. If the Company underestimates or overestimates the activity or fees associated with a study or service at a given point in time, adjustments to research and development expenses may be necessary in future periods. Historically, estimated accrued liabilities have approximated actual expense incurred. Subsequent changes in estimates may result in a material change in the Company’s accruals.
Research and Development	Research and Development The Company expenses the cost of research and development as incurred. Research and development expenses comprise costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including clinical trial costs, manufacturing costs for both clinical and pre-clinical materials as well as other contracted services, license fees, and other external costs. Nonrefundable advance payments for goods and services that will be used in future research and development activities are expensed when the activity is performed or when the goods have been received, rather than when payment is made, in accordance with ASC Topic 730, Research and Development
Patent Costs	Patent Costs The Company has no historical data to support a probable future economic benefit for the arising patent applications, filing and prosecution costs. Therefore, patent costs are expensed as incurred. Should the Company experience a legal cost to defend a patent in the future, that cost would be capitalized only when it is part of the cost of retaining and obtaining the future economic benefit of the patent. Costs related to an unsuccessful outcome would be expensed.
Stock-based Compensation	Stock-based Compensation Stock-based compensation cost for stock awards issued to employees, members of the Company’s board of directors and non-employees, is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the required service period, which is generally equal to the vesting period. Stock-based compensation is recognized only for those awards that are ultimately expected to vest. Common stock, stock options or warrants issued to non-employees, including consultants and members of the Company’s Scientific Advisory Board as consideration for goods or services received by the Company, are accounted for based on the fair value of the equity instruments issued unless the fair value consideration received can be more reliably measured. The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value of any options issued to non-employees is recorded as expense over the vesting period. See Note 8 for further information.
Fair Value Measurements	Fair Value Measurements The Company follows authoritative accounting guidance, which among other things, defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, a three-tier fair value hierarchy has been established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active. Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses, accounts payable and accrued expenses are generally considered to be representative of their fair value because of the short term nature of these instruments. No transfers between levels have occurred during the periods presented.
Convertible Preferred Stock	Convertible Preferred Stock The Company follows authoritative accounting guidance to distinguish liabilities from equity when assessing the classification and measurement of preferred stock. Preferred shares subject to mandatory redemptions are considered liabilities and measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable preferred shares are considered temporary equity. All other preferred shares are considered as stockholders’ equity.
Derivative Financial Instruments	Derivative Financial Instruments The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market, or foreign currency risks. Management evaluates all of the Company’s financial instruments, including warrants, to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives. The Company generally uses either the Black-Scholes option-pricing model or a Monte Carlo simulation, as applicable, to value the derivative instruments at inception and subsequent valuation dates when needed. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is re-assessed at the end of each reporting period.
Accounting for Income Taxes	Accounting for Income Taxes Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future consequences of events that have been reflected in the financial statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities and operating loss carryforwards, using tax rates expected to be in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. Such differences arise primarily from stock-based compensation and net operating loss carryforwards. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred income tax assets when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Prior to September 15, 2008, the Company was a limited liability company and the Company’s tax losses and credits generally flowed directly to the members.
Net Loss Per Share	Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method or the two-class method, whichever is more dilutive. The potentially dilutive stock options issued under the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (described in Note 8), Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (described in Note 6) and warrants on the Company’s common stock (described in Notes 6 and 7) are not considered in the computation of diluted net loss per share because they would be anti-dilutive.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. The Company is required to record all components of comprehensive loss in the financial statements in the period in which they are recognized. Net income (loss) and other comprehensive loss, including foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains and losses on investments are reported, net of their related tax effect, to arrive at a comprehensive loss. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, comprehensive loss was equal to the net loss.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) i.e., Leases On March 30, 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting On August 26, 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), In May 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting . In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480); Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features, (Part II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception.

Property and Equipment (Tables)

Property and Equipment (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Schedule of Property and Equipment	Property and equipment consists of the following: Estimated Life December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Computer equipment 5 years $ 13,582 $ 10,274 Furniture and fixtures 7 years 19,158 23,325 Total property and equipment 32,740 33,599 Accumulated depreciation (8,867 ) (10,057 ) Property and equipment, net $ 23,873 $ 23,542

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Summarized Operating Lease Obligations	The following table summarizes our lease obligations at December 31, 2017: LEASE COMMITMENTS Years ended December 31, Operating Lease 2018 $ 117,376 2019 120,898 2020 103,254 Total minimum lease payments $ 341,528

Stock-Based Compensation (Table

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Summary of Stock Option Activity	The following represents a summary of the options granted to employees and non-employees that are outstanding at December 31, 2017 and changes during the period then ended: Number of Shares Weighted- Average Exercise Price Aggregate Intrinsic Value Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) Outstanding at December 31, 2016 2,476,924 $ 6.01 $ 497,351 8.3 Options granted 88,000 2.89 ― 7.3 Options forfeited (23,124 ) 2.52 ― ― Outstanding at December 31, 2017 2,541,800 5.93 ― 7.3 Exercisable at December 31, 2017 1,718,370 $ 6.02 $ ― 7.0
Schedule of Assumptions Used in Black-Scholes Option-pricing Method	The material factors incorporated in the Black-Scholes model in estimating the fair value of the options granted for the periods presented were as follows: Years ended December 31, 2017 2016 Expected dividend yield 0.00 % 0.00 % Expected stock-price volatility 53.08% - 54.08 % 53.60% - 59.03 % Risk-free interest rate 1.89% - 2.58 % 1.29% - 1.78 % Term of options 10 10 Stock price $0.30 - $3.48 $1.13 - $1.68

Income Taxes (Tables)

Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Reconciliation of Statutory Income Tax Rate	A reconciliation of the statutory income tax rates and the Company’s effective tax rate is as follows: December 31, 2017 2016 Statutory U.S. federal rate 34.0 % 34.0 % State income tax, net of federal benefit 5.8 % 5.8 % Meals & entertainment (0.2 )% (0.1 )% Valuation allowance (39.6 )% (39.7 )% Provision for income taxes 0.0 % 0.0 %
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets	The tax effects of the temporary differences and carry forwards that give rise to deferred tax assets consist of the following: As of December 31, 2017 2016 Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carry forwards $ 10,906,689 $ 12,862,811 Patent costs 325,615 363,775 Accrued Vacation 21,019 31,583 Research and development credit 1,932,804 1,951,539 Stock-based compensation 1,722,380 2,095,076 Other 8,766 7,535 Gross deferred tax assets 14,917,273 17,312,319 Valuation allowance (14,917,273 ) (17,312,319 ) Net deferred tax assets $ — $ —

Basis of Presentation (Details

Basis of Presentation (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Net loss	$ 7,863,858	$ 18,384,634
Net cash used in operating activities	$ 7,397,912	$ 15,208,718

Summary of Significant Accoun23

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Impairment charges

Property and Equipment (Details

Property and Equipment (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation expense	$ 5,720	$ 5,209

Property and Equipment - Schedu

Property and Equipment - Schedule of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 32,740	$ 33,599
Accumulated depreciation	(8,867)	(10,057)
Property and equipment, net	23,873	23,542
Computer Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 13,582	10,274
Estimated Life	5 years
Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 19,158	$ 23,325
Estimated Life	7 years

Commitments and Contingencies26

Commitments and Contingencies (Details Narrative)	Jul. 30, 2015USD ($)	Jul. 09, 2015ft²	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)$ / shares	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)$ / shares	Sep. 15, 2017$ / shares	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2015$ / sharesshares
Common stock, par value | $ / shares			$ 0.001	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Fair value of equity						$ 416,000
Lease agreement term			5 years
Rent expense			$ 115,000	$ 115,000
Century Park [Member]
Area of lease | ft²		2,780
Lease agreement term		61 months
Months 2 Through 13 [Member]
Rent expense			$ 9,174
Lease term description			Months 2 through 13 of the term
Months 50 Through 61 [Member]
Rent expense			$ 10,325
Lease term description			Months 50 through 61
Ricerche Sperimentali Montale Spa And Inalco Spa [Member] | Amended Clinical Supply And Cooperation Agreement [Member] | Contractual Rights [Member]
Payment for GOS IP	$ 800,000
Payment required following FDA approval to RSM	400,000
Ricerche Sperimentali Montale Spa And Inalco Spa [Member] | Existing Supply Agreement [Member]
Payment for GOS IP	$ 1,000,000
Ricerche Sperimentali Montale Spa And Inalco Spa [Member] | Stock Purchase Agreement [Member]
Number of common shares to be issued | shares							100,000
Common stock, par value | $ / shares							$ 0.001

Commitments and Contingencies -

Commitments and Contingencies - Summarized Operating Lease Obligations (Details)	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2,018	$ 117,376
2,019	120,898
2,020	103,254
Total minimum lease payments	$ 341,528

Stockholders' Equity (Details N

Stockholders' Equity (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Oct. 03, 2017	May 04, 2017	Oct. 31, 2016	Dec. 18, 2015	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 15, 2017
Common stock, shares authorized					225,000,000	25,000,000
Common stock, par value					$ 0.001	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized					15,000,000	0	15,000,000
Preferred stock, par value					$ 0.001		$ 0.001
Common stock, shares issued					49,406,521	11,619,197
Common stock, voting rights					Each share of the Company’s common stock is entitled to one vote, and all shares rank equally as to voting and other matters.
Preferred stock, shares issued					9,140	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding					9,140	0
Proceeds from public offering					$ 23,029,750	$ 5,000,000
Warrant exercise price per share					$ 0.52
Number of options granted to purchase shares of common stock					88,000
Beneficial conversion feature					$ 3,100,000
October 2016 Public Offering [Member]
Proceeds from public offering			$ 5,000,000
Number of common shares sold			2,127,660
Shares of common stock sold, per share			$ 2.35
Underwriting discounts and commissions			$ 400,000
Other expenses with offering			200,000
October 2017 Public Offering [Member]
Proceeds from public offering					23,000,000
Number of common shares sold	34,550,000
Underwriting discounts and commissions					1,600,000
Other expenses with offering					$ 400,000
Number of warrants to purchase common stock					8,625,000
Number of options granted to purchase shares of common stock					8,625,000
Number of options exercised to purchase shares of common stock					2,975,000
October 2017 Public Offering [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Proceeds from public offering					$ 10,100,000
Number of warrants to purchase common stock	22,950,000
Number of preferred stock shares convertible into common shares	22,950,000
October 2017 Public Offering [Member] | Capital Unit, Class A [Member]
Number of common shares sold	34,550,000
Shares of common stock sold, per share	$ 0.40
Number of warrants to purchase common stock	34,550,000
October 2017 Public Offering [Member] | Capital Unit, Class B [Member]
Number of common shares sold	9,180
Warrant exercise price per share					$ 0.44
custom:TwoThousandAndFifteenAspirePurchaseAgreementMember | Aspire Capital Fund LLC [Member]
Purchase agreement term				30 months
Aggregate of shares issued during period				4,577,699
Proceeds from public offering				$ 5,000,000
2017 Aspire Purchase Agreement [Member]
Purchase agreement term		30 months
2017 Aspire Purchase Agreement [Member] | Aspire Capital Fund LLC [Member]
Aggregate of shares issued during period					137,324
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred stock, shares issued					9,140
Preferred stock, shares outstanding					9,140
Conversion price per share					$ 0.40
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | October 2017 Public Offering [Member] | Capital Unit, Class B [Member]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 1,000
Number of common shares sold	9,180
Common Stock [Member] | October 2017 Public Offering [Member]
Proceeds from public offering					$ 7,800,000
Series A Preferred Stock [Member] | October 2017 Public Offering [Member]
Proceeds from public offering					$ 5,100,000
Maximum [Member]
Common stock, shares authorized							225,000,000
Maximum [Member] | October 2016 Public Offering [Member]
Proceeds from public offering			150,000,000
Aggregate offering price			$ 150,000,000
Maximum [Member] | Common Stock Purchase Agreement [Member] | Aspire Capital Fund LLC [Member]
Payments to acquire common stock				$ 10,000,000
Maximum [Member] | 2017 Aspire Purchase Agreement [Member]
Payments to acquire common stock		$ 6,500,000
Proceeds from public offering		$ 6,500,000
Number of common shares sold		100,000
Minimum [Member] | 2017 Aspire Purchase Agreement [Member]
Shares of common stock sold, per share		$ 0.25

Warrants (Details Narrative)

Warrants (Details Narrative)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017$ / sharesshares
Issuance of warrants to purchase of common stock shares | shares	61,053,323
Weighted average exercise price	$ 0.52
Warrant expiration date	Oct. 31, 2022
Minimum [Member]
Warrants exercise prices ranging	$ 0.44
Maximum [Member]
Warrants exercise prices ranging	$ 9.30

Stock-Based Compensation (Detai

Stock-Based Compensation (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 15, 2017	Jun. 02, 2017
Common stock shares issued	49,406,521	11,619,197
Number of common stock shares authorized for issuance	26,720,193
Stock based compensation expense	$ 895,498	$ 1,359,205
Cash received from exercise of stock options		15,553
Stock Options [Member]
Aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised	0	56,000
Cash received from exercise of stock options	16,000
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Unrecognized compensation cost related to un-vested stock based compensation	$ 414,000
Weighted average period of compensation cost expected to be recognized	1 year
Employee Stock Option [Member] | General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Stock based compensation expense	$ 895,000	$ 1,359,000
2015 Stock Plan [Member]
Number of common stock shares authorized for issuance	27,500,000
2015 Stock Plan [Member] | Employee Stock Option [Member]
Aggregate number of shares of common stock authorized to issue				838,000
Common stock shares issued			25,858,711
Stock option description	The exercise price for an option issued under the Plans is determined by the Board of Directors, but will be (i) in the case of an incentive stock option (A) granted to an employee who, at the time of grant of such option, is a 10% stockholder, no less than 110% of the fair market value per share on the date of grant; or (B) granted to any other employee, no less than 100% of the fair market value per share on the date of grant; and (ii) in the case of a non-statutory stock option, no less than 100% of the fair market value per share on the date of grant. The options awarded under the Plans shall vest as determined by the Board of Directors but shall not exceed a ten-year period.
Vesting period of options	10 years

Stock-Based Compensation - Summ

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock Option Activity (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)$ / sharesshares
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Number of Shares, Outstanding, beginning | shares	2,476,924
Number of Shares, Options granted | shares	88,000
Number of Shares, Options forfeited | shares	(23,124)
Number of shares, Outstanding at ending | shares	2,541,800
Number of shares, Exercisable | shares	1,718,370
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding, beginning | $ / shares	$ 6.01
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Options granted | $ / shares	2.89
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Options forfeited | $ / shares	2.52
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at ending | $ / shares	5.93
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Options Exercisable | $ / shares	$ 6.02
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding, beginning | $	$ 497,351
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding at ending | $
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Options Exercisable | $
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years), Outstanding, beginning	8 years 3 months 19 days
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years), Options granted	7 years 3 months 19 days
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years), Outstanding at ending	7 years 3 months 19 days
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years), Options Exercisable	7 years

Stock-Based Compensation - Sche

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Assumptions Used in Black-Scholes Option-pricing Method (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Expected stock-price volatility, minimum	53.08%	53.60%
Expected stock-price volatility, maximum	54.08%	59.03%
Risk-free interest rate, minimum	1.89%	1.29%
Risk-free interest rate, maximum	2.58%	1.78%
Term of options	10 years	10 years
Minimum [Member]
Stock price	$ 0.30	$ 1.13
Maximum [Member]
Stock price	$ 3.48	$ 1.68

Income Taxes (Details Narrative

Income Taxes (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 39,000,000
Operating loss carryforwards expire year	2,028
Research and development credit carryforwards expire year	2,029
Accruals for income tax accounting uncertainties
Interest or penalties
Unrecognized tax benefits decrease or increase during period
Deferred tax assets percentage	21.00%
Valuation allowance deferred tax assets	$ 5,500,000
Federal [Member]
Research and development credit carryforwards	1,400,000
State [Member]
Research and development credit carryforwards	$ 800,000

Income Taxes - Schedule of Reco

Income Taxes - Schedule of Reconciliation of Statutory Income Tax Rate (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Statutory U.S. federal rate	34.00%	34.00%
State income tax, net of federal benefit	5.80%	5.80%
Meals & entertainment	(0.20%)	(0.10%)
Valuation allowance	(39.60%)	(39.70%)
Provision for income taxes	0.00%	0.00%

Income Taxes - Schedule of Defe

Income Taxes - Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Net operating loss carry forwards	$ 10,906,689	$ 12,862,811
Patent costs	325,615	363,775
Accrued vacation	21,019	31,583
Research and development credit	1,932,804	1,951,539
Stock based compensation	1,722,380	2,095,076
Other	8,766	7,535
Gross deferred tax assets	14,917,273	17,312,319
Valuation allowance	(14,917,273)	(17,312,319)
Net deferred tax assets