Loans Held for Investment and Allowance for Loan Losses | Loans Held for Investment and Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses Loan and Lease Portfolio Segments The following describes the risk characteristics relevant to each of the portfolio segments. Each loan and lease category is assigned a risk grade during the origination and closing process based on criteria described later in this section. Commercial and Industrial Commercial and industrial loans (C&I) receive similar underwriting treatment as commercial real estate loans in that the repayment source is analyzed to determine its ability to meet cash flow coverage requirements as set forth by Bank policies. Repayment of the Bank’s C&I loans generally comes from the generation of cash flow as the result of the borrower’s business operations. This business cycle itself brings a certain level of risk to the portfolio. In some instances, these loans may carry a higher degree of risk due to a variety of reasons – illiquid collateral, specialized equipment, highly depreciable assets, uncollectable accounts receivable, revolving balances, or simply being unsecured. As a result of these characteristics, the SBA guarantee on these loans is an important factor in mitigating risk. Construction and Development Construction and development loans are for the purpose of acquisition and development of land to be improved through the construction of commercial buildings. Such loans are usually paid off through the conversion to permanent financing for the long-term benefit of the borrower’s ongoing operations. At the completion of the project, if the loan is converted to permanent financing or if scheduled loan amortization begins, it is then reclassified to the “Commercial Real Estate” segment. Underwriting of construction and development loans typically includes analysis of not only the borrower’s financial condition and ability to meet the required debt obligations, but also the general market conditions associated with the area and type of project being funded. Commercial Real Estate Commercial real estate loans are extensions of credit secured by owner occupied and non-owner occupied collateral. Underwriting generally involves intensive analysis of the financial strength of the borrower and guarantor, liquidation value of the subject collateral, the associated unguaranteed exposure, and any available secondary sources of repayment, with the greatest emphasis given to a borrower’s capacity to meet cash flow coverage requirements as set forth by Bank policies. Such repayment of owner occupied loans is commonly derived from the successful ongoing operations of the business occupying the property. These typically include small businesses and professional practices. Commercial Land Commercial land loans are extensions of credit secured by farmland. Such loans are often for land improvements related to agricultural endeavors that may include construction of new specialized facilities. These loans are usually repaid through the conversion to permanent financing, or if scheduled loan amortization begins, for the long-term benefit of the borrower’s ongoing operations. Underwriting generally involves intensive analysis of the financial strength of the borrower and guarantor, liquidation value of the subject collateral, the associated unguaranteed exposure, and any available secondary sources of repayment, with the greatest emphasis given to a borrower’s capacity to meet cash flow coverage requirements as set forth by Bank policies. Each of the loan types referenced in the sections above is further segmented into verticals in which the Bank chooses to operate. The Bank chooses to finance businesses operating in specific industries because of certain similarities. The similarities range from historical default and loss characteristics to business operations. However, there are differences that create the necessity to underwrite these loans according to varying criteria and guidelines. When underwriting a loan, the Bank considers numerous factors such as cash flow coverage, the credit scores of the guarantors, revenue growth, practice ownership experience and debt service capacity. Minimum guidelines have been set with regard to these various factors and deviations from those guidelines require compensating strengths when considering a proposed loan. Loans and leases consist of the following: December 31, December 31, Commercial & Industrial Agriculture $ 3,274 $ 1,714 Death Care Management 13,495 9,684 Healthcare 43,301 37,270 Independent Pharmacies 99,920 83,677 Registered Investment Advisors 93,770 68,335 Veterinary Industry 46,387 38,930 Other Industries 184,903 94,836 Total 485,050 334,446 Construction & Development Agriculture 34,188 32,372 Death Care Management 6,119 3,956 Healthcare 49,770 30,467 Independent Pharmacies 1,496 2,013 Registered Investment Advisors 376 294 Veterinary Industry 13,184 11,514 Other Industries 58,120 31,715 Total 163,253 112,331 Commercial Real Estate Agriculture 46,717 5,591 Death Care Management 67,381 52,510 Healthcare 126,631 114,281 Independent Pharmacies 19,028 15,151 Registered Investment Advisors 11,789 11,462 Veterinary Industry 113,932 102,906 Other Industries 134,172 46,245 Total 519,650 348,146 Commercial Land Agriculture 178,897 113,569 Total 178,897 113,569 Total Loans and Leases 1 1,346,850 908,492 Net Deferred Costs 8,545 7,648 Discount on SBA 7(a) and USDA Unguaranteed 2 (11,422 ) (8,574 ) Loans and Leases, Net of Unearned $ 1,343,973 $ 907,566 1 Total loans and leases include $ 99.7 million and $ 37.7 million of U.S. government guaranteed loans as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively. 2 The Company measures the carrying value of the retained portion of loans sold at fair value under ASC Subtopic 825-10. The value of these retained loan balances is discounted based on the estimates derived from comparable unguaranteed loan sales. Credit Risk Profile The Bank uses internal loan and lease reviews to assess the performance of individual loans and leases by industry segment. An independent review of the loan and lease portfolio is performed annually by an external firm. The goal of the Bank’s annual review of each borrower’s financial performance is to validate the adequacy of the risk grade assigned. The Bank uses a grading system to rank the quality of each loan and lease. The grade is periodically evaluated and adjusted as performance dictates. Loan and lease grades 1 through 4 are passing grades and grade 5 is special mention. Collectively, grades 6 through 8 represent classified loans and leases in the Bank’s portfolio. The following guidelines govern the assignment of these risk grades: Exceptional (1 Rated): These loans and leases are of the highest quality, with strong, well-documented sources of repayment. Debt service coverage (“DSC”) is over 1.75 X based on historical results. Secondary source of repayment is strong, with a loan to value (“LTV”) of 65% or less if secured solely by commercial real estate (“CRE”). Discounted collateral coverage from all sources should exceed 125% . Guarantors have credit scores above 740 . Quality (2 Rated): These loans and leases are of good quality, with good, well-documented sources of repayment. DSC is over 1.25 X based on historical or pro-forma results. Secondary source of repayment is good, with a LTV of 75% or less if secured solely by CRE. Discounted collateral coverage should exceed 100% . Guarantors have credit scores above 700 . Acceptable (3 rated): These loans and leases are of acceptable quality, with acceptable sources of repayment. DSC of over 1.00 X based on historical or pro-forma results. Companies that do not meet these credit metrics must be evaluated to determine if they should be graded below this level. Acceptable (4 rated): These loans and leases are considered very weak pass. These loans and leases are riskier than a 3-rated credit, but due to various mitigating factors are not considered a Special Mention or worse. The mitigating factors must clearly be identified to offset further downgrade. Examples of loans and leases that may be put in this category include start-up loans and leases and loans and leases with less than 1 :1 cash flow coverage with other sources of repayment. Special mention (5 rated): These loans and leases are considered as emerging problems, with potentially unsatisfactory characteristics. These loans and leases require greater management attention. A loan or lease may be put into this category if the Bank is unable to obtain financial reporting from a company to fully evaluate its position. Substandard (6 rated): Loans and leases graded Substandard are inadequately protected by current sound net worth, paying capacity of the borrower, or pledged collateral. They typically have unsatisfactory characteristics causing more than acceptable levels of risk, and have one or more well-defined weaknesses that could jeopardize the repayment of the debt. Doubtful (7 rated): Loans and leases graded Doubtful have inherent weaknesses that make collection or liquidation in full questionable. Loans and leases graded Doubtful must be placed on non-accrual status. Loss (8 rated): Loss rated loans and leases are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as an active Bank asset is not warranted. The asset should be charged off, even though partial recovery may be possible in the future. The following tables summarize the risk grades of each category: Risk Grades 1 - 4 Risk Grade 5 Risk Grades 6 - 8 Total December 31, 2017 Commercial & Industrial Agriculture $ 3,052 $ 222 $ — $ 3,274 Death Care Management 13,371 117 7 13,495 Healthcare 36,530 2,246 4,525 43,301 Independent Pharmacies 86,152 5,541 8,227 99,920 Registered Investment Advisors 90,911 2,134 725 93,770 Veterinary Industry 42,313 1,704 2,370 46,387 Other Industries 184,540 363 — 184,903 Total 456,869 12,327 15,854 485,050 Construction & Development Agriculture 31,738 2,450 — 34,188 Death Care Management 6,119 — — 6,119 Healthcare 47,813 699 1,258 49,770 Independent Pharmacies 1,496 — — 1,496 Registered Investment Advisors 376 — — 376 Veterinary Industry 13,184 — — 13,184 Other Industries 58,120 — — 58,120 Total 158,846 3,149 1,258 163,253 Commercial Real Estate Agriculture 46,717 — — 46,717 Death Care Management 60,671 3,881 2,829 67,381 Healthcare 112,321 9,992 4,318 126,631 Independent Pharmacies 15,641 1,825 1,562 19,028 Registered Investment Advisors 11,649 140 — 11,789 Veterinary Industry 97,065 2,948 13,919 113,932 Other Industries 133,493 679 — 134,172 Total 477,557 19,465 22,628 519,650 Commercial Land Agriculture 176,811 2,086 — 178,897 Total 176,811 2,086 — 178,897 Total 1 $ 1,270,083 $ 37,027 $ 39,740 $ 1,346,850 Risk Grades 1 - 4 Risk Grade 5 Risk Grades 6 - 8 Total December 31, 2016 Commercial & Industrial Agriculture $ 1,656 $ 58 $ — $ 1,714 Death Care Management 9,452 121 111 9,684 Healthcare 28,723 681 7,866 37,270 Independent Pharmacies 73,948 6,542 3,187 83,677 Registered Investment Advisors 65,297 2,246 792 68,335 Veterinary Industry 34,407 1,967 2,556 38,930 Other Industries 94,736 100 — 94,836 Total 308,219 11,715 14,512 334,446 Construction & Development Agriculture 32,061 — 311 32,372 Death Care Management 3,956 — — 3,956 Healthcare 30,467 — — 30,467 Independent Pharmacies 2,013 — — 2,013 Registered Investment Advisors 294 — — 294 Veterinary Industry 9,725 1,789 — 11,514 Other Industries 31,715 — — 31,715 Total 110,231 1,789 311 112,331 Commercial Real Estate Agriculture 5,591 — — 5,591 Death Care Management 46,427 4,314 1,769 52,510 Healthcare 103,097 7,142 4,042 114,281 Independent Pharmacies 12,654 1,968 529 15,151 Registered Investment Advisors 11,462 — — 11,462 Veterinary Industry 88,168 3,995 10,743 102,906 Other Industries 46,245 — — 46,245 Total 313,644 17,419 17,083 348,146 Commercial Land Agriculture 112,333 1,138 98 113,569 Total 112,333 1,138 98 113,569 Total 1 $ 844,427 $ 32,061 $ 32,004 $ 908,492 1 Total loans and leases include $ 99.7 million of U.S. government guaranteed loans as of December 31, 2017 , segregated by risk grade as follows: Risk Grades 1 – 4 = $ 65.0 million , Risk Grade 5 = $ 6.7 million , Risk Grades 6 – 8 = $ 28.0 million . As of December 31, 2016 total loans and leases include $ 37.7 million of U.S. government guaranteed loans, segregated by risk grade as follows: Risk Grades 1 – 4 = $ 8.7 million , Risk Grade 5 = $ 7.7 million , Risk Grades 6 – 8 = $ 21.3 million . Past Due Loans and Leases Loans and leases are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans and leases less than 30 days past due and accruing are included within current loans and leases shown below. The following tables show an age analysis of past due loans and leases as of the dates presented. Less Than 30 Days Past Due & Not Accruing 30-89 Days Past Due & Accruing 30-89 Days Past Due & Not Accruing Greater Than 90 Days Past Due Total Not Accruing & Past Due Current Total Loans and Leases 90 Days or More Past Due & Still Accruing December 31, 2017 Commercial & Industrial Agriculture $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 3,274 $ 3,274 $ — Death Care Management — — — — — 13,495 13,495 — Healthcare 788 131 14 3,004 3,937 39,364 43,301 — Independent Pharmacies 236 2,930 1,349 3,376 7,891 92,029 99,920 — Registered Investment Advisors — 321 — — 321 93,449 93,770 — Veterinary Industry 212 594 508 797 2,111 44,276 46,387 — Other Industries — — — — — 184,903 184,903 — Total 1,236 3,976 1,871 7,177 14,260 470,790 485,050 — Construction & Development Agriculture — — — — — 34,188 34,188 — Death Care Management — — — — — 6,119 6,119 — Healthcare — — — — — 49,770 49,770 — Independent Pharmacies — — — — — 1,496 1,496 — Registered Investment Advisors — — — — — 376 376 — Veterinary Industry — — — — — 13,184 13,184 — Other Industries — — — — — 58,120 58,120 — Total — — — — — 163,253 163,253 — Commercial Real Estate Agriculture — — — — — 46,717 46,717 — Death Care Management — — 168 1,391 1,559 65,822 67,381 — Healthcare 40 54 1,916 1,550 3,560 123,071 126,631 — Independent Pharmacies — — — 1,562 1,562 17,466 19,028 — Registered Investment Advisors — — — — — 11,789 11,789 — Veterinary Industry 1,804 3,226 — 4,765 9,795 104,137 113,932 — Other Industries — — — — — 134,172 134,172 — Total 1,844 3,280 2,084 9,268 16,476 503,174 519,650 — Commercial Land Agriculture — — — — — 178,897 178,897 — Total — — — — — 178,897 178,897 — Total 1 $ 3,080 $ 7,256 $ 3,955 $ 16,445 $ 30,736 $ 1,316,114 $ 1,346,850 $ — Less Than 30 Days Past Due & Not Accruing 30-89 Days Past Due & Accruing 30-89 Days Past Due & Not Accruing Greater Than 90 Days Past Due Total Not Accruing & Past Due Current Total Loans and Leases 90 Days or More Past Due & Still Accruing December 31, 2016 Commercial & Industrial Agriculture $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,714 $ 1,714 $ — Death Care Management — — — — — 9,684 9,684 — Healthcare — 272 496 5,920 6,688 30,582 37,270 — Independent Pharmacies 42 293 408 2,349 3,092 80,585 83,677 — Registered Investment Advisors — — — — — 68,335 68,335 — Veterinary Industry 32 151 646 1,441 2,270 36,660 38,930 — Other Industries — — — — — 94,836 94,836 — Total 74 716 1,550 9,710 12,050 322,396 334,446 — Construction & Development Agriculture 231 80 — — 311 32,061 32,372 — Death Care Management — — — — — 3,956 3,956 — Healthcare — — — — — 30,467 30,467 — Independent Pharmacies — — — — — 2,013 2,013 — Registered Investment Advisors — — — — — 294 294 — Veterinary Industry — — — — — 11,514 11,514 — Other Industries — — — — — 31,715 31,715 — Total 231 80 — — 311 112,020 112,331 — Commercial Real Estate Agriculture — — — — — 5,591 5,591 — Death Care Management — — 188 1,423 1,611 50,899 52,510 — Healthcare — — 3,180 45 3,225 111,056 114,281 — Independent Pharmacies — — — 529 529 14,622 15,151 — Registered Investment Advisors — — — — — 11,462 11,462 — Veterinary Industry 898 3,981 737 5,158 10,774 92,132 102,906 — Other Industries — — — — — 46,245 46,245 — Total 898 3,981 4,105 7,155 16,139 332,007 348,146 — Commercial Land Agriculture 58 40 — — 98 113,471 113,569 — Total 58 40 — — 98 113,471 113,569 — Total 1 $ 1,261 $ 4,817 $ 5,655 $ 16,865 $ 28,598 $ 879,894 $ 908,492 $ — 1 Total loans and leases include $ 99.7 million of U.S. government guaranteed loans as of December 31, 2017 , of which $ 15.0 million is greater than 90 days past due, $ 7.4 million is 30-89 days past due and $ 77.3 million is included in current loans and leases as presented above. As of December 31, 2016 , total loans and leases include $ 37.7 million of U.S. government guaranteed loans, of which $ 13.7 million is greater than 90 days past due, $ 6.8 million is 30-89 days past due and $ 17.2 million is included in current loans and leases as presented above. Nonaccrual Loans and Leases Loans and leases that become 90 days delinquent, or in cases where there is evidence that the borrower’s ability to make the required payments is impaired, are placed in nonaccrual status and interest accrual is discontinued. If interest on nonaccrual loans and leases had been accrued in accordance with the original terms, interest income would have increased by approximately $ 1.1 million , $ 622 thousand and $ 794 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 , and 2015 , respectively. All nonaccrual loans and leases are included in the held for investment portfolio. Nonaccrual loans and leases as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are as follows: December 31, 2017 Loan and Lease Balance Guaranteed Balance Unguaranteed Exposure Commercial & Industrial Healthcare $ 3,806 $ 3,235 $ 571 Independent Pharmacies 4,961 3,906 1,055 Veterinary Industry 1,517 1,478 39 Total 10,284 8,619 1,665 Commercial Real Estate Death Care Management 1,559 1,237 322 Healthcare 3,506 2,719 787 Independent Pharmacies 1,562 1,562 — Veterinary Industry 6,569 5,733 836 Total 13,196 11,251 1,945 Total $ 23,480 $ 19,870 $ 3,610 December 31, 2016 Loan and Lease Guaranteed Unguaranteed Commercial & Industrial Healthcare $ 6,416 $ 5,152 $ 1,264 Independent Pharmacies 2,799 2,204 595 Veterinary Industry 2,119 2,079 40 Total 11,334 9,435 1,899 Construction & Development Agriculture 231 173 58 Total 231 173 58 Commercial Real Estate Death Care Management 1,611 1,263 348 Healthcare 3,225 2,731 494 Independent Pharmacies 529 — 529 Veterinary Industry 6,793 5,395 1,398 Total 12,158 9,389 2,769 Commercial Land Agriculture 58 — 58 Total 58 — 58 Total $ 23,781 $ 18,997 $ 4,784 Allowance for Loan and Lease Loss Methodology The methodology and the estimation process for calculating the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (“ALLL”) is described below: Estimated credit losses should meet the criteria for accrual of a loss contingency, i.e., a provision to the ALLL, set forth in GAAP. The Company’s methodology for determining the ALLL is based on the requirements of GAAP, the Interagency Policy Statement on the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and other regulatory and accounting pronouncements. The ALLL is determined by the sum of three separate components: (i) the impaired loan and lease component, which addresses specific reserves for impaired loans and leases; (ii) the general reserve component, which addresses reserves for pools of homogeneous loans and leases; and (iii) an unallocated reserve component (if any) based on management’s judgment and experience. The loan and lease pools and impaired loans and leases are mutually exclusive; any loan or lease that is impaired is excluded from its homogenous pool for purposes of that pool’s reserve calculation, regardless of the level of impairment. The ALLL policy for pooled loans and leases is governed in accordance with banking regulatory guidance for homogenous pools of non-impaired loans and leases that have similar risk characteristics. The Company follows a consistent and structured approach for assessing the need for reserves within each individual loan and lease pool. Loans and leases are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the creditor will be unable to collect all interest and principal payments due according to the originally contracted, or reasonably modified, terms of the loan or lease agreement. The Company has determined that loans and leases that meet the criteria defined below must be reviewed quarterly to determine if they are impaired. • All commercial loans and leases classified substandard or worse. • Any other delinquent loan or lease that is in a nonaccrual status, or any loan or lease that is delinquent more than 89 days and still accruing interest. • Any loan or lease which has been modified such that it meets the definition of a TDR. The Company’s policy for impaired loan accounting subjects all loans and leases to impairment recognition; however, loan and lease relationships with unguaranteed credit exposure of less than $100,000 are generally not evaluated on an individual basis for impairment and instead are evaluated collectively using a methodology based on historical specific reserves on similar sized loans or leases. Any loan or lease not meeting the above criteria and determined to be impaired is subjected to an impairment analysis, which is a calculation of the probable loss on the loan or lease. This portion is the loan’s “impairment,” and is established as a specific reserve against the loan or lease, or charged against the ALLL. Individual specific reserve amounts imply probability of loss and may not be carried in the reserve indefinitely. When the amount of the actual loss becomes reasonably quantifiable, the amount of the loss is charged off against the ALLL, whether or not all liquidation and recovery efforts have been completed. If the total amount of the individual specific reserve that will eventually be charged off cannot yet be sufficiently quantified but some portion of the impairment can be viewed as a confirmed loss, then the confirmed loss portion should be charged off against the ALLL and the individual specific reserve reduced by a corresponding amount. For impaired loans and leases, the reserve amount is calculated on a loan or lease-specific basis. The Company utilizes two methods of analyzing impaired loans and leases not guaranteed by the SBA: • The Fair Market Value of Collateral method utilizes the value at which the collateral could be sold considering the appraised value, appraisal discount rate, prior liens and selling costs. The amount of the reserve is the deficit of the estimated collateral value compared to the loan or lease balance. • The Present Value of Future Cash Flows method takes into account the amount and timing of cash flows and the effective interest rate used to discount the cash flows. The following tables detail activity in the allowance for loan and lease losses by portfolio segment allowance for the periods presented: Construction & Development Commercial Real Estate Commercial & Industrial Commercial Land Total December 31, 2017 Beginning Balance $ 1,693 $ 5,897 $ 8,413 $ 2,206 $ 18,209 Charge offs — (1,177 ) (2,617 ) (58 ) (3,852 ) Recoveries — 191 101 5 297 Provision 337 4,269 4,854 76 9,536 Ending Balance $ 2,030 $ 9,180 $ 10,751 $ 2,229 $ 24,190 December 31, 2016 Beginning Balance $ 1,064 $ 2,486 $ 2,766 $ 1,099 $ 7,415 Charge offs — (707 ) (1,464 ) (63 ) (2,234 ) Recoveries — 6 486 — 492 Provision 629 4,112 6,625 1,170 12,536 Ending Balance $ 1,693 $ 5,897 $ 8,413 $ 2,206 $ 18,209 December 31, 2015 Beginning Balance $ 586 $ 2,291 $ 1,369 $ 161 $ 4,407 Charge offs — (164 ) (978 ) — (1,142 ) Recoveries — 131 213 — 344 Provision 478 228 2,162 938 3,806 Ending Balance $ 1,064 $ 2,486 $ 2,766 $ 1,099 $ 7,415 The following tables detail the recorded allowance for loan and lease losses and the investment in loans and lease related to each portfolio segment, disaggregated on the basis of impairment evaluation methodology: December 31, 2017 Construction & Development Commercial Real Estate Commercial & Industrial Commercial Land Total Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses: Loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment $ 157 $ 1,502 $ 1,126 $ — $ 2,785 Loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment 2 1,873 7,678 9,625 2,229 21,405 Total allowance for loan and lease losses $ 2,030 $ 9,180 $ 10,751 $ 2,229 $ 24,190 Loans and leases receivable 1 : Loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment $ 1,237 $ 17,105 $ 8,672 $ — $ 27,014 Loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment 2 162,016 502,545 476,378 178,897 1,319,836 Total loans and leases receivable $ 163,253 $ 519,650 $ 485,050 $ 178,897 $ 1,346,850 December 31, 2016 Construction & Development Commercial Real Estate Commercial & Industrial Commercial Land Total Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses: Loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 1,496 $ 1,458 $ — $ 2,954 Loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment 2 1,693 4,401 6,955 2,206 15,255 Total allowance for loan and lease losses $ 1,693 $ 5,897 $ 8,413 $ 2,206 $ 18,209 Loans and Leases Receivable 1 : Loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 16,359 $ 6,884 $ — $ 23,243 Loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment 2 112,331 331,787 327,562 113,569 885,249 Total loans and leases receivable $ 112,331 $ 348,146 $ 334,446 $ 113,569 $ 908,492 1 Loans and leases receivable includes $ 99.7 million of U.S. government guaranteed loans as of December 31, 2017 , of which $ 28.1 million are impaired. As of December 31, 2016 , loans and leases receivable includes $ 37.7 million of U.S. government guaranteed loans, of which $ 22.1 million are considered impaired. 2 Included in loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment are impaired loans and leases with individual unguaranteed exposure of less than $ 100 thousand . As of December 31, 2017 , these balances totaled $ 14.8 million , of which $ 13.2 million are guaranteed by the U.S. government and $ 1.6 million are unguaranteed. As of December 31, 2016 , these balances totaled $ 12.3 million , of which $ 10.0 million are guaranteed by the U.S. government and $ 2.3 million are unguaranteed. The allowance for loan and lease losses associated with these loans and leases totaled $ 279 thousand and $ 438 thousand as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively. Loans and leases classified as impaired as of the dates presented are summarized in the following tables. December 31, 2017 Recorded Investment Guaranteed Balance Unguaranteed Exposure Commercial & Industrial Death Care Management $ 7 $ — $ 7 Healthcare 4,551 3,235 1,316 Independent Pharmacies 8,571 6,356 2,215 Registered Investment Advisors 733 — 733 Veterinary Industry 2,762 2,001 761 Total 16,624 11,592 5,032 Construction & Development Healthcare 1,237 944 293 Total 1,237 944 293 Commercial Real Estate Death Care Management 2,831 1,237 1,594 Healthcare 4,315 2,967 1,348 Independent Pharmacies 1,562 1,562 — Veterinary Industry 15,266 9,768 5,498 Total 23,974 15,534 8,440 Commercial Land Agriculture — — — Total — — — Total $ 41,835 $ 28,070 $ 13,765 December 31, 2016 Recorded Investment Guaranteed Balance Unguaranteed Exposure Commercial & Industrial Death Care Management $ 111 $ — $ 111 Healthcare 7,923 5,453 2,470 Independent Pharmacies 3,514 2,495 1,019 Registered Investment Advisors 796 — 796 Veterinary Industry 2,882 2,199 683 Total 15,226 10,147 5,079 Construction & Development Agriculture 300 233 67 Total 300 233 67 Commercial Real Estate Death Care Management 1,768 1,264 504 Healthcare 4,044 2,985 1,059 Independent Pharmacies 528 — 528 Veterinary Industry 13,561 7,518 6,043 Total 19,901 11,767 8,134 Commercial Land Agriculture 91 — 91 Total 91 — 91 Total $ 35,518 $ 22,147 $ 13,371 The following table presents evaluated balances of loans and leases classified as impaired at the dates presented that carried an associated reserve as compared to those with no reserve. The recorded investment includes accrued interest and net deferred loan and lease fees or costs. December 31, 2017 Recorded Investment With a Recorded Allowance With No Recorded Allowance Total Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Recorded Commercial & Industrial Death Care Management $ — $ 7 $ 7 $ 7 $ — Healthcare 3,521 1,030 4,551 5,643 165 Independent Pharmacies 8,154 417 8,571 9,078 521 Registered Investment Advisors 662 71 733 725 504 Veterinary Industry 2,505 257 2,762 3,113 182 Total 14,842 1,782 16,624 18,566 1,372 Construction & Development Healthcare 1,237 — 1,237 1,258 157 Total 1,237 — 1,237 1,258 157 Commercial Real Estate Death Care Management 2,221 610 2,831 2,964 260 Healthcare 3,717 598 4,315 4,332 192 Independent Pharmacies 1,562 — 1,562 1,933 8 Veterinary Industry 13,711 1,555 15,266 16,584 1,075 Total 21,211 2,763 23,974 25,813 1,535 Commercial Land Agriculture — — — 58 — Total — — — 58 — Total Impaired Loans and Leases $ 37,290 $ 4,545 $ 41,835 $ 45,695 $ 3,064 December 31, 2016 Recorded Investment With a With No Total Unpaid Related Commercial & Industrial Death Care Management $ 8 $ 103 $ 111 $ 111 $ 1 Healthcare 7,259 664 7,923 8,120 778 Independent Pharmacies 3,184 330 3,514 3,610 327 Registered Investment Advisors 796 — 796 792 514 Veterinary Industry 2,754 128 2,882 3,369 106 Total 14,001 1,225 15,226 16,002 1,726 Construction & Development Agriculture 300 — 300 311 13 Total 300 — 300 311 13 Commercial Real Estate Death Care Management 1,580 188 1,768 1,904 34 Healthcare 3,514 530 4,044 4,042 47 Independent Pharmacies 528 — 528 529 284 Veterinary Industry 11,193 2,368 13,561 14,283 1,273 Total 16,815 3,086 19,901 20,758 1,638 Commercial Land Agriculture 91 — 91 161 15 Total 91 — 91 161 15 Total Impaired Loans and Leases $ 31,207 $ 4,311 $ 35,518 $ 37,232 $ 3,392 The following table presents the average recorded investment of impaired loans and leases for each period presented and interest income recognized during the period in which the loans and leases were considered impaired. December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Average Balance Interest Income Recognized Average Balance Interest Income Recognized Average Balance Interest Income Recognized Commercial & Industrial Death Care Management $ 8 $ — $ 112 $ 1 $ — $ — Healthcare 6,101 53 7,513 81 3,375 276 Independent Pharmacies 6,018 100 2,570 76 1,701 148 Registered Investment Advisors 759 50 817 22 — — Veterinary Industry 2,523 45 2,537 35 2,029 109 Total 15,409 248 13,549 215 7,105 533 Construction & Development Agriculture — — 317 — — — Healthcare 1,240 11 — — — — Total 1,240 11 317 — — — Commercial Real Estate Death Care Management 2,882 50 1,789 7 1,420 — Healthcare 4,381 49 4,093 41 1,403 — Independent Pharmacies 1,708 — 538 3 — — Veterinary Industry 14,605 536 13,554 336 10,870 556 Other Industries — — — — — — Total 23,576 635 19,974 387 13,693 556 Commercial Land Agriculture 113 — 294 — — — Total 113 — 294 — — — Total $ 40,338 $ 894 $ 34,134 $ 602 $ 20,798 $ 1,089 The following table represent the types of TDRs that were made during the periods presented: December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 All Restructurings All Restructurings All Restructurings Number of Loans and Leases Pre- modification Recorded Investment Post- modification Recorded Investment Number of Loans and Leases Pre- modification Recorded Investment Post- modification Recorded Investment Number of Loans and Leases Pre- modification Recorded Investment Post- modification Recorded Investment Interest Only Commercial & Industrial Healthcare — $ — $ — — $ — $ — 3 $ 1,087 $ 1,087 Commercial Real Estate Healthcare — — — — — — 1 94 94 Total Interest Only — — — — — — 4 1,181 1,181 Extended Amortization Commercial & Industrial Independent Pharmacies — — — — — — 2 322 308 Total Extended Amortization — — — — — — 2 322 308 Payment Deferral and Extended Amortization Commercial & Industrial Independent Pharmacies 1 262 262 — — — — — — Total Payment Deferral and Extended Amortization 1 262 262 — — — — — — Payment Deferral Commercial & Industrial Veterinary Industry 2 559 559 1 420 420 — — — Healthcare — — — 1 440 440 — — — Total Payment Deferral 2 559 559 2 860 860 — — — Total 3 $ 821 $ 821 2 $ 860 $ 860 6 $ 1,503 $ 1,489 Concessions made to improve a loan and lease’s performance have varying degrees of success. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 , one TDR that was modified within the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 subsequently defaulted. This TDR was a commercial and industrial independent pharmacy loan that was previously modified for payment deferral and extended amortization. The recorded investment for this TDR at December 31, 2017 was $ 1.1 million . During the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 , one TD |