| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”), requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Significant estimates include the estimates relating to revenue recognition, the useful lives of property and equipment, stock-based compensation, assumptions used in testing for impairment of goodwill, other long-lived assets, capitalized software development costs, and the recoverability of deferred income tax assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Jive Software, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Segments An operating segment is defined as a component of an enterprise that meets the following criteria: • engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses; • operating results are regularly reviewed by the enterprise’s chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance; and • discrete financial information is available. We define the term “chief operating decision maker” to be our Chief Executive Officer. Our Chief Executive Officer reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by information about revenue by product line and geographic region for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. We have one business activity and there are no segment managers who are held accountable for operations, operating results or plans for levels or components below the consolidated unit level. Accordingly, we have determined that we operate in a single reporting segment, software sales and service. Revenue Recognition We generate revenues in the form of product fees and related professional service fees. Product fees include subscription fees, perpetual license fees, associated support and maintenance fees and hosting fees. Professional services primarily consist of fees for strategic consulting, configuration, training, consultation and implementation services, which are not essential to the functionality of the software. For statement of operations classification purposes, we allocate revenues to professional services based on the hourly rate billed for time and materials arrangements and based on the total fixed fee for fixed fee professional services. We recognize revenue when all of the following conditions are met: • there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; • the product or services have been delivered to the customer; • the amount of fees to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable; and • the collection of the related fees is reasonably assured. Signed agreements are used as evidence of an arrangement. If a contract signed by the customer does not exist, we have historically used a purchase order as evidence of an arrangement. In cases where both a signed contract and a purchase order exist, we consider the signed contract to be the final persuasive evidence of an arrangement. Software and corresponding license keys are delivered to customers electronically. Electronic delivery occurs when we provide the customer with access to the software. We assess whether a fee is fixed or determinable at the outset of the arrangement, primarily based on the payment terms associated with the transaction. We do not generally offer extended payment terms. Typical payment terms are due between 30 and 60 days from delivery of solutions or services. For professional services that are billable under a time and materials based arrangement, these fees are neither fixed nor determinable until the work is performed and the fee becomes billable to the customer. We assess collectability of the customer receivable based on a number of factors such as collection history with the customer and creditworthiness of the customer. If we determine that collectability is not reasonably assured, revenue is deferred until collectability becomes reasonably assured, generally upon receipt of cash. We offer subscriptions of our platform to customers most frequently on a term basis with terms typically ranging from 12 to 36 months . While term-based licenses make up the majority of our total revenues, we occasionally license our solutions to customers on a perpetual basis with on-going support and maintenance services. We recognize license revenue in accordance with software industry specific guidance. Revenues related to term license fees are recognized ratably over the contract term beginning on the date the customer has access to the software license key and continuing through the end of the contract term. For term-based licenses, we do not charge separately for standard support and maintenance, and, therefore, inherent in the license fees are fees for support and maintenance services for the duration of the license term. As fees for support and maintenance are always bundled with the license over the entire term of the contract, we do not have vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value for support and maintenance. Revenues generated from perpetual license sales also include support and maintenance services for an initial stated term, both the perpetual license and support and maintenance are recognized ratably over the initial stated term. We do not have VSOE of fair value for support and maintenance on perpetual licenses as we have not had sufficient consistently priced standalone sales of support and maintenance, nor have we offered substantive renewal rates for support and maintenance. Additionally, customers who have purchased perpetual licenses to the base platform have historically also purchased term-based subscriptions to certain of our modules. We do not have VSOE of fair value for either the support and maintenance on the perpetual license or the modules and, therefore, revenue is recognized ratably over the longer of the initial maintenance term for the perpetual license or the term for the subscription elements. License arrangements may also include professional services, such as strategic consulting installation, upgrades and training services, which are typically delivered early in the contract term. This combination of products and services represents a multiple-element arrangement for revenue recognition purposes. We have determined that we do not have VSOE of fair value for each element of a multiple-element sales arrangement and, accordingly, we account for fees received under that multiple-element arrangement as a single unit of accounting and recognize the fees for the entire arrangement ratably, commencing on delivery of the software, over the longer of the term of the support and maintenance or the period over which professional services are delivered. Support and maintenance is always the last undelivered element in the arrangement and, therefore, we recognize the fixed portion of the fees ratably over the support and maintenance term. For contracts with multiple elements, we recognize the license, support and maintenance, and fixed fee professional service revenue ratably over the term of the arrangement beginning upon delivery of the software. We believe this method most closely reflects the economics of the transaction as we deliver access to the software and we begin providing support and maintenance services as of the date the software is delivered. Professional services are offered on both fixed fee and time and materials hourly billing arrangements. For time and materials-based professional services that are part of a multiple-element arrangement where the fees for the professional services are not fixed or determinable upon delivery of the software, revenue is recognized ratably over the contract term as the related fees become fixed. These fees are not considered fixed at the outset of the arrangement and become fixed as the related work is performed and the fees are earned and billed. These services are typically provided early in the contract term with completion typically occurring in the first six months. As these fees become fixed, they are added to the total fee for the multiple-element arrangement and recognized ratably with all other arrangement fees over the entire contract term. When billed, a cumulative revenue catch-up is calculated as the revenue earned from the date the software was made available to the customer to the date services have been completed, with recognition continuing ratably to the end of the contract term. These amounts, when recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Operations, are classified as professional services revenues based on the hourly rates at which they are billed. If there are significant acceptance clauses associated with the license or services or uncertainty associated with our ability to perform the professional services, revenues are deferred until the acceptance is received or the uncertainty is resolved. We record amounts that have been invoiced, in accordance with the terms of the agreement, in accounts receivable and in deferred revenues or revenues, depending on whether the revenue recognition criteria have been met. Hosting revenues are derived from providing our software solutions in a hosted environment where the customer does not take possession of the software on their premises. With the exception of the Jive Cloud licensing model, customers have the option to elect to take possession of the software and install on their premises or sub-contract the hosting services through us. Such arrangements are considered software sales as the customer has the same rights to the software license regardless of their election to have us host on their behalf or install on their premises. As a result, the fees associated with license, support and hosted services are recognized as revenue ratably over the term of the arrangement. For Jive Cloud licensing arrangements, customers do not have the right to take possession of the software supporting the cloud-based application service at any time. We occasionally sell professional services separately and recognize revenues resulting from those as professional services are performed. If there is a significant uncertainty about the project completion or receipt of payment for the consulting services, revenues are deferred until the uncertainty is resolved. If acceptance provisions exist within a professional services arrangement, revenues will be deferred until the services are accepted, the acceptance period has expired or cash is received from the customer. Taxes Collected from Customers and Remitted to Governmental Authorities We account for tax assessed by a governmental authority that is directly imposed on a revenue-producing transaction (i.e., sales, use, value added) on a net (excluded from revenue) basis. Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Our cash balances with financial institutions may exceed the deposit insurance limits. Included in cash and cash equivalents were cash equivalents of $0.2 million and $1.6 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014 , respectively. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates market value. Marketable Securities We classify our marketable securities as available-for-sale and, accordingly, record them at fair value based on quoted market prices. Unrealized holding gains and losses are excluded from earnings and are reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity until realized. See the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss. We periodically evaluate whether declines in fair values of our marketable securities below their cost are “other-than-temporary.” This evaluation consists of qualitative and quantitative factors regarding the severity and duration of the unrealized loss, as well as our ability and intent to hold the marketable securities until a forecasted recovery occurs. Dividend and interest income is recognized when earned. Realized gains and losses are included in earnings and are derived using the specific identification method for determining the cost of securities sold. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Accounts receivable are carried at their original invoice amounts less the allowance for doubtful accounts and do not bear interest. Our policy is to maintain an allowance for estimated losses resulting from the inability or refusal of our customers to make required payments. In establishing the required allowance, management considers historical losses adjusted to take into account current market conditions and the customers’ financial condition, the amount of receivables in dispute, and the current receivables aging and current payment patterns. On a quarterly basis, we evaluate the collectability of our trade receivable balances based on a combination of factors. Past due balances over 90 days and over a specified amount are reviewed individually for collectability. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. If the financial conditions of our customers were to materially change or there were other circumstances that resulted in their inability or unwillingness to pay, the estimates of recoverability of receivables could materially change. Activity related to our allowance for doubtful accounts was as follows (in thousands): Balance, December 31, 2012 $ 218 Charges to expense and deferred revenue 672 Write-offs (150 ) Balance, December 31, 2013 740 Charges to expense and deferred revenue 599 Write-offs (780 ) Balance, December 31, 2014 559 Charges to expense and deferred revenue 1,529 Write-offs (918 ) Balance, December 31, 2015 $ 1,170 Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities The carrying value of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued payroll and related liabilities and other accrued liabilities approximates their fair values due to the short-term nature of their maturities. The fair value of the long-term debt approximates its carrying value since the interest rate is variable and based on current market rates. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives as follows: • three years for computer equipment, hardware and software; • seven years for furniture, fixtures and equipment; and • the lesser of five years or the remaining term of the underlying lease for leasehold improvements. Ordinary maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Research and Development We expense research and development costs, including costs to develop software products to be marketed to external users, before technological feasibility of such products is reached. We believe our software development process is essentially completed concurrent with the establishment of technological feasibility; accordingly, development costs are expensed as incurred. Software Development Costs and Internal-Use Software Development Costs Through the third quarter of 2014, we capitalized costs to develop internal-use software during the application development stage. These costs related to application development activities. In the third quarter of 2014, management developed a substantive plan to repurpose the in-process development into our existing software platform and new software products. As a result of this decision, the associated capitalized internal-use software costs became governed by the accounting standards related to development costs for software to be sold in the third quarter of 2014. As such, subsequent to July 2014, we no longer capitalize costs related to internal-use software and we account for our current capitalized costs as development costs for software to be sold. Software development costs incurred subsequent to establishing technological feasibility through the general release of the software products are capitalized. Technological feasibility is demonstrated by the completion of a detailed program design or working model, if no program design is completed. Historically, technological feasibility has occurred concurrently with the commercial release of our products and, as a result, we have not capitalized development costs for software to be sold. We do not anticipate capitalizing material software development costs in future periods. GAAP requires that annual amortization expense of the capitalized software development costs be the greater of the amounts computed using the ratio of gross revenue to a products’ total current and anticipated revenues or the straight-line method over the products’ remaining estimated economic life. The software development costs are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life and recorded as a component of cost of product revenues. We begin amortizing the associated capitalized costs upon each product’s or enhancement’s release. Through December 31, 2015 , we released products related to $5.1 million of the capitalized costs. We anticipate the remaining products related to the capitalized costs to be commercially released through the first half of 2017. We make ongoing evaluations of the recoverability of our capitalized software by comparing the amount capitalized to the estimated net realizable value. If such evaluations indicate that the unamortized software development costs exceed the net realizable value, we write off the amount by which the unamortized software development costs exceed net realizable value. There was no impairment charge related to capitalized software development costs during the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 or 2013 . Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 Software development costs capitalized during period $ — $ 5,924 $ 3,057 Amortization of capitalized software development costs 2,012 65 — Capitalized computer software development costs consist of the following at December 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands): 2015 2014 Capitalized software development costs $ 8,981 $ 8,981 Accumulated amortization (2,077 ) (65 ) $ 6,904 $ 8,916 As of December 31, 2015 and 2014 the net balance of software development costs is included in other assets. Of our capitalized software development costs that are currently completed and being amortized, we expect future amortization expense to be as follows (in thousands): 2016 $ 2,517 2017 571 $ 3,088 Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets We evaluate the recoverability of our long-lived assets, which principally consist of property and equipment and acquired intangible assets with finite lives, whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of an asset is measured by comparing the carrying amount to the expected future undiscounted cash flows that the asset is expected to generate. If that review indicates that the carrying amount of the long-lived asset is not recoverable, an impairment loss is recorded for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. We did not incur any long-lived asset impairment charges in the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 or 2013 . Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets of acquired entities. We perform a goodwill impairment test annually during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year and more frequently if an event or circumstance indicates that an impairment may have occurred. Such events or circumstances may include significant adverse changes in the general business climate, among other things. To test for impairment, we can choose to first make a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired before applying the two-step goodwill impairment test. If the conclusion is that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we then perform a two-step goodwill impairment test. During 2015 , 2014 and 2013 , we elected to forgo the qualitative assessment, and proceeded to the first step of the test for goodwill impairment. Under the first step, the fair value of the reporting unit is compared with its carrying value, and, if an indication of goodwill impairment exists for the reporting unit, we must perform step two of the impairment test (measurement). Under step two, an impairment loss is recognized for any excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill as determined by allocating the fair value of the reporting unit in a manner similar to a purchase price allocation. The residual fair value after this allocation is the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, step two does not need to be performed. If the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. We determined that the fair value of the reporting unit substantially exceeded its carrying value and, accordingly, we did not record any charges related to goodwill impairment during the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 or 2013 . Intangible Assets Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives and have no significant residual value. Definite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment as discussed above under “Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets.” Other Assets Other assets include deposits for facilities’ leases, capitalized software development costs and other miscellaneous long-term assets. Deferred Revenue Deferred revenue consists of billings or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from our subscription license, perpetual license, hosting, professional services and support and maintenance revenues described above and are recognized as the revenue recognition criteria are met. We generally invoice our customers in annual installments. Accordingly, the deferred revenues balance does not represent the total contract value of annual or multi-year non-cancelable subscription agreements. Deferred revenue also includes certain deferred professional services fees, which are recognized as revenues ratably over the associated contract term. We defer the professional service fees in situations where the professional services and subscription or perpetual contracts are accounted for as a single unit of accounting. Deferred revenue that will be recognized during the succeeding 12 -month period is recorded as current deferred revenue, and the remaining portion is recorded as noncurrent. Approximately 6% and 4% of total deferred revenue as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 , respectively, related to deferred professional services revenues. Concentration of Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and trade receivables. Cash is placed on deposit in major financial institutions in the United States. Such deposits may be in excess of insured limits. Management believes that the financial institutions that hold our cash deposits are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these balances. We sell our products to companies in diverse industries and do not require our customers to provide collateral to support accounts receivable. When necessary, credit reviews of significant customers are performed prior to extending credit. The determination of a customer’s ability to pay requires significant judgment, and failure to collect from a customer can adversely affect revenues, cash and net income. No individual customer accounted for 10% or more of total revenues in the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 or 2013 . No customer accounted for 10% or more of total accounts receivable at December 31, 2015 or 2014 . Stock-Based Compensation We recognize compensation expense for all share-based payment awards, including stock options, restricted stock and purchases under the 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP") based on the estimated fair value of the award on the grant date. We use the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards. The fair value of the awards is recognized as expense, net of estimated forfeitures, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the respective award. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized for performance-based restricted stock awards based on the probability of achieving certain performance criteria. We estimate the number of performance-based restricted stock awards ultimately expected to vest and recognize expense using the graded vesting attribution method over the requisite service period. The determination of the grant date fair value of options using an option-pricing model is affected by assumptions regarding a number of other complex and subjective variables, which include our expected stock price volatility over the expected term of the options, stock option exercise and cancellation behaviors, risk-free interest rates and expected dividends. Income Taxes We record deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of the assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is estimated to be more likely than not that a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We recognize the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are “more likely than not” of being sustained. Interest and penalties accrued on unrecognized tax benefits are recorded as tax expense within our consolidated financial statements. Warranties and Indemnification We typically warrant that our products will perform in a manner consistent with the product specifications provided to the customer for 180 days for sales to companies in the United States and 365 days for sales to companies in Europe. Historically, we have not been required to make payments under these obligations, and we have not recorded any liability for these obligations in our consolidated financial statements. In our cloud and hosted agreements, we include service level commitments to customers relating to levels of uptime availability and permitting those customers to receive credits in the event that we fail to meet those levels. To date, we have not incurred any material costs as a result of such commitments and have not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Our contracts also include provisions indemnifying customers against liabilities if our products infringe a third-party’s intellectual property rights. We have not incurred any costs as a result of such indemnification obligations and have not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. We have also agreed to indemnify our directors and executive officers for costs associated with any fees, expenses, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by any of these persons in any action or proceeding to which any of those persons is, or is threatened to be, made a party by reason of the person’s service as a director or officer, arising out of that person’s services as our director or officer or that person’s services provided to any other company or enterprise at our request. We maintain director and officer insurance coverage that may enable us to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. Commissions Commissions are recorded as a component of sales and marketing expenses and consist of the variable compensation paid to our direct sales force. Generally, sales commissions are earned and recorded as an expense at the time that a customer has entered into a binding purchase agreement. Commissions paid to sales personnel are recoverable only in the case that we cannot collect against any invoiced fee associated with a sales order. Commission expense was $11.8 million , $13.7 million and $15.7 million , for the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 and 2013 , respectively. Leases We lease our facilities and certain equipment under operating leases. For facility leases that contain rent escalation or rent concession provisions, we record the total rent expense during the lease term on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. For facility leases that contain tenant improvement allowances, we recognize a lease incentive liability and amortize these amounts on a straight-line basis over the term of the related leases as a reduction of rent expense. We record the difference between the rent paid and the straight-line rent expense as a deferred rent liability in other long-term liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Advertising Costs Advertising costs are expensed as incurred as a component of sales and marketing expense and totaled $5.6 million , $7.7 million and $5.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 and 2013 , respectively. Legal Costs We are party to legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. Legal costs are expensed as incurred as a component of general and administrative expense. Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, less the weighted-average unvested common stock subject to repurchase or forfeiture. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock, including preferred stock, stock options and warrants, to the extent dilutive. Since we were in a loss position for all periods presented, basic and diluted net loss per share was the same for each period presented as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been anti-dilutive. Foreign Currency Translation The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is the local currency. Adjustments resulting from translating foreign functional currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are recorded as a separate component of stockholders’ deficit. Income and expense accounts are translated into U.S. dollars at average rates of exchange prevailing during the periods presented. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in net loss. All assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into U.S. dollars at the respective exchange rates in effect on the consolidated balance sheet dates. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses were not material in the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 or 2013 . |
