New Accounting Pronouncements | New Accounting Pronouncements Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The FASB has recently issued several amendments to the standard, including clarification on accounting for licenses of intellectual property and identifying performance obligations. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP when it becomes effective. The new standard, as amended, is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. We do not plan to early adopt, and thus, the new standard will become effective for us on January 1, 2018. The new standard permits adoption either by using (i) a full retrospective approach for all periods presented in the period of adoption or (ii) a modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard recognized at the date of initial application and providing certain additional disclosures. We currently plan to adopt using the modified retrospective approach. However, our decision regarding the adoption method has not been finalized at this time. Our final determination will depend on a number of factors, such as the significance of the impact of the new standard on our financial results, system readiness, including that of software procured from third-party providers, and our ability to accumulate and analyze the information necessary to assess the impact on prior period financial statements. We are in the initial stages of our assessment of the impact of the new standard on our accounting policies, processes and system requirements. We have assigned internal resources and engaged third party service providers to assist with the assessment and implementation and we have made, and will continue to make, investments in systems to enable timely and accurate reporting under the new standard. Although we have not concluded what impact the new standard will have, we anticipate the impact on our consolidated financial statements will be material. We currently believe the most significant impact relates to our accounting for software license revenue and professional services revenue. Under current industry-specific software revenue recognition guidance, we have historically concluded that we did not have vendor-specific objective evidence ("VSOE") of fair value for the undelivered services related to time-based licenses, and, accordingly, we have recognized time-based licenses and related services ratably over the subscription term. Professional services included in an arrangement with subscription revenue have also been recognized ratably over the subscription term. The new standard does not retain the concept of VSOE, and, thus, requires an evaluation of whether time-based licenses and related services, including professional services, are distinct performance obligations and, therefore, should be separately recognized at a point in time or over time. Based on our current assessment, we expect that software license revenue and professional services revenue, bundled with other elements, will be recognized upon delivery after adoption of the new standard. We expect revenue related to support and maintenance, hosting, and standalone professional services to remain substantially unchanged. Due to the complexity of certain of our software license subscription contracts, the actual revenue recognition treatment required under the standard will be dependent on contract-specific terms, and may vary in some instances from recognition at the time of delivery. We have also considered the impact of the guidance in ASC 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs; Contracts with Customers, with respect to capitalization and amortization of incremental costs of obtaining a contract. The new cost guidance, as interpreted by the FASB Transition Resource Group for Revenue Recognition (“TRG”), requires the capitalization of all incremental costs to obtain a contract with a customer that would not have been incurred if the contract had not been obtained, provided the costs are expected to be recovered. The new cost guidance also requires entities to determine whether the costs relate to specific anticipated contracts, potentially extending the amortization period beyond the initial contract period. We currently believe this guidance will result in capitalizing additional costs of obtaining a contract with a customer, including additional sales commissions, and that the period of benefit for deferred commission costs will likely be longer than the initial contract period. Under our current accounting policy, we amortize the capitalized costs over the underlying contractual period. While we continue to assess the potential impacts of the new standard, including the areas described above, and anticipate this standard will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, we do not know, and cannot reasonably estimate, quantitative information related to the impact of the new standard on our financial statements at this time. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases," which, among other things, requires lessees to recognize most leases on-balance sheet. This will increase a lessee's reported assets and liabilities, in some cases very significantly. Lessor accounting remains substantially similar to current GAAP. ASU 2016-02 supersedes Topic 840, Leases. ASU 2016-02 is effective for us for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. ASU 2016-02 mandates a modified retrospective transition method for all entities. While we are currently assessing the impact ASU 2016-02 will have on our consolidated financial statements, we expect the primary impact to our consolidated financial position upon adoption will be the recognition, on a discounted basis, of our minimum commitments under non-cancelable operating leases on our consolidated balance sheets, resulting in the recording of right of use assets and lease obligations. Our current minimum commitments under non-cancelable operating leases are disclosed in Note 9. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, "Business Combinations (Topic 805) - Clarifying the Definition of a Business." ASU 2017-01 clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. ASU 2017-01 is effective for public companies' annual periods, including interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017 and should be applied prospectively on or after the effective date. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-01 to have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment." ASU 2017-04 simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test, which required an entity to determine the fair value of its assets and liabilities at the impairment testing date. ASU 2017-04 is effective for public companies' annual periods, including interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-04 to have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, "Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) - Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting." ASU 2016-09 simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for public companies' annual periods, including interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016. We adopted ASU 2016-09 on January 1, 2017. As a result of the adoption, we recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment for previously unrecognized excess tax benefits resulting from equity awards of $31.1 million in opening retained earnings and deferred tax assets as of January 1, 2017. The entire cumulative-effect adjustment was offset by an equal amount of additional valuation allowance, and accordingly the net impact on deferred tax assets and retained earnings was zero . The ending valuation allowance as of March 31, 2017, after adjusting for the cumulative-effect adjustment, is $154.9 million . Beginning on January 1, 2017, we are recording excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies resulting from equity awards as a component of income tax expense. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, the excess tax benefit recorded in income tax expense was $0.2 million , which was offset by an increase in our valuation allowance. The adoption of ASU 2016-09 does not result in a change to classification of cash paid for employee taxes in the statements of cash flows. Cash paid for employee taxes have historically been recorded as cash flows from financing activities, consistent with the requirements of the new standard. |