STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION | STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION Stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based awards expected to vest is measured at fair value on the date of grant and recognized ratably over the requisite service period. The following table summarizes the components of total stock-based compensation expense included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented : Three Months Ended 2019 2018 (In thousands) Cost of revenues $ 231 $ 198 Research and development 716 618 Sales and marketing 999 361 General and administrative 1,288 394 Restructuring 55 — Total $ 3,289 $ 1,571 The following table summarizes the various types of stock-based compensation expense for the periods presented: Three Months Ended 2019 2018 (In thousands) Stock options, RSUs, and PSUs $ 3,222 $ 1,317 Employee stock purchase plan 67 254 Total $ 3,289 $ 1,571 As of March 31, 2019 , there was approximately $30.3 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested equity awards expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.1 years . No income tax benefit has been recognized relating to stock-based compensation expense and no tax benefits have been realized from exercised stock options for the three months ended March 31, 2019 Stock Options The fair value of each option granted was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: • Expected term— The expected term of the option awards represents the period of time between the grant date of the option awards and the date the option awards are either exercised, converted or canceled, including an estimate for those option awards still outstanding. The Company used the simplified method, as permitted by the SEC for companies with a limited history of stock option exercise activity, to determine the expected term for its option grants. • Expected volatility— The expected volatility was calculated based on the Company’s historical stock prices, supplemented as necessary with historical volatility of the common stock of several peer companies with characteristics similar to those of the Company. • Risk-free interest rate— The risk-free interest rate was based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant and with a maturity that approximated the Company’s expected term. • Dividend yield— The dividend yield was based on the Company’s dividend history and the anticipated dividend payout over its expected term. The following table presents the weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted for the periods presented and the assumptions used to estimate those values using a Black-Scholes option pricing model: Three Months Ended 2019 2018 Weighted average grant date fair value ** $ 1.83 Expected term (in years) ** 4.2 Expected volatility ** 86.4 % Annual risk-free rate of return ** 2.4 % Dividend yield ** — % ** No stock options were granted during the period. Restricted Stock Units The fair value of the Company’s restricted stock units (“RSU”) awards granted is based upon the closing price of the Company’s stock price on the date of grant. Performance Stock Units Stock Options The following is a summary of stock option activity: Number of Weighted- Weighted- Aggregate (1) (In thousands) (Years) (In thousands) Outstanding at December 31, 2018 6,772 $ 1.76 Granted — — Exercised (1,573 ) 1.06 $ 10,715 Canceled (55 ) 5.55 Outstanding at March 31, 2019 5,144 1.94 4.8 $ 37,671 Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2019 5,144 1.94 4.8 $ 37,671 Exercisable at March 31, 2019 3,318 2.20 4.6 $ 23,471 (1) The intrinsic value of options exercised is based upon the value of the Company’s stock at exercise. The intrinsic value of options outstanding, vested and expected to vest, and exercisable as of March 31, 2019 is based on the closing price of the Company’s stock fair value on March 31, 2019 or the earlier of the last trading day prior to March 31, 2019 , if March 31, 2019 is a non-trading day. The Company’s stock fair value used in this computation was $9.23 March 31, 2019 : Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Range of Exercise Prices Number of Weighted- Weighted- Number of Weighted- (In thousands) (Years) (In thousands) $0.27 —– $1.14 1,061 5.6 $ 0.83 703 $ 0.79 $1.29 —– $1.29 1,000 5.5 1.29 375 1.29 $1.31 —– $1.31 1,752 5.0 1.31 1,230 1.31 $1.37 —– $6.98 1,034 3.9 2.90 713 3.03 $7.01 —– $12.57 297 2.2 8.40 297 8.40 Total 5,144 4.8 1.94 3,318 2.20 The following is a summary of RSU activity: Number of Weighted- Weighted- Aggregate (1) (In thousands) (Years) (In thousands) Outstanding at December 31, 2018 4,352 $ 3.52 Granted 1,114 8.12 Vested (716 ) 3.70 $ 6,255 Canceled (216 ) 2.02 Outstanding at March 31, 2019 4,534 4.70 1.5 $ 41,845 Expected to vest at March 31, 2019 4,532 4.70 1.5 $ 41,835 (1) The intrinsic value of RSUs vested is based upon the value of the Company’s stock when vested. The intrinsic value of RSUs outstanding and expected to vest as of March 31, 2019 is based on the closing price of the Company’s stock on March 31, 2019 or the earlier of the last trading day prior to March 31, 2019 , if March 31, 2019 is a non-trading day. The Company’s stock fair value used in this computation was $9.23 The following is a summary of PSU activity: Number of Weighted- Weighted- Aggregate (1) (In thousands) (Years) (In thousands) Outstanding at December 31, 2018 1,330 $ 4.66 Granted 1,046 9.40 Vested (1,026 ) 4.63 $ 9,925 Canceled (337 ) 4.78 Outstanding at March 31, 2019 1,013 8.64 1.0 $ 9,349 Expected to vest at March 31, 2019 1,013 8.64 1.0 $ 9,349 (1) The intrinsic value of PSUs vested is based upon the value of the Company’s stock when vested. The intrinsic value of PSUs outstanding and expected to vest as of March 31, 2019 is based on the closing price of the Company’s stock on March 31, 2019 or the earlier of the last trading day prior to March 31, 2019 , if March 31, 2019 is a non-trading day. The Company’s stock fair value used in this computation was $9.23 |