Fair Value | Note 7— Fair Value The Company’s consolidated financial statements include assets and liabilities that are measured at or based on their fair values. Measurement of assets and liabilities at or based on fair value may be on a recurring or nonrecurring basis depending on the accounting principles applicable to the specific asset or liability and whether the Company has elected to carry the item at its fair value as discussed in the following paragraphs. The Company groups its assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the observability of the inputs used to determine fair value. These levels are: • Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. • Level 2—Prices determined or determinable using other significant observable inputs. Observable inputs are inputs that other market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. • Level 3—Prices determined using significant unobservable inputs. In situations where significant observable inputs are unavailable, unobservable inputs may be used. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own judgments about the factors that market participants use in pricing an asset or liability, and are based on the best information available in the circumstances. As a result of the difficulty in observing certain significant valuation inputs affecting “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities, the Company is required to make judgments regarding these items’ fair values. Different persons in possession of the same facts may reasonably arrive at different conclusions as to the inputs to be applied in valuing these assets and liabilities and their fair values. Such differences may result in significantly different fair value measurements. Likewise, due to the general illiquidity of some of these assets and liabilities, subsequent transactions may be at values significantly different from those reported. The Company reclassifies its assets and liabilities between levels of the fair value hierarchy when the inputs required to establish fair value at a level of the fair value hierarchy are no longer readily available, requiring the use of lower-level inputs, or when the inputs required to establish fair value at a higher level of the hierarchy become available. Fair Value Accounting Elections The Company identified all of PMT’s non-cash financial assets and MSRs to be accounted for at fair value. The Company has elected to account for these assets at fair value so such changes in fair value will be reflected in income as they occur and more timely reflect the results of the Company’s performance. The Company has also identified its Asset-backed financings at fair value and Interest-only security payable at fair value to be accounted for at fair value to reflect the generally offsetting changes in fair value of these borrowings to changes in fair value of the assets at fair value collateralizing these financings. For other borrowings, the Company has determined that historical cost accounting is more appropriate because under historical cost accounting debt issuance costs are amortized over the term of the debt facility, thereby matching the debt issuance costs to the periods benefiting from the availability of the debt. Financial Statement Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Following is a summary of financial statement items that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis: September 30, 2024 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in thousands) Assets: Short-term investments $ 102,787 $ — $ — $ 102,787 Mortgage-backed securities at fair value — 4,101,126 81,256 4,182,382 Loans acquired for sale at fair value — 1,659,727 6,069 1,665,796 Loans at fair value — 1,427,575 1,950 1,429,525 Derivative assets: Call options on interest rate futures purchase contracts 12,844 — — 12,844 Put options on interest rate futures purchase contracts 1,953 — — 1,953 Forward purchase contracts — 635 — 635 Forward sale contracts — 11,997 — 11,997 MBS put options — 1,508 — 1,508 CRT derivatives — — 29,690 29,690 Interest rate lock commitments — — 7,476 7,476 Total derivative assets before netting 14,797 14,140 37,166 66,103 Netting — — — 15,741 Total derivative assets after netting 14,797 14,140 37,166 81,844 Mortgage servicing rights at fair value — — 3,809,047 3,809,047 $ 117,584 $ 7,202,568 $ 3,935,488 $ 11,271,381 Liabilities: Asset-backed financings of the variable interest entities $ — $ 1,334,797 $ — $ 1,334,797 Interest-only security payable at fair value — — 35,098 35,098 Derivative and credit risk transfer strip liabilities: Forward purchase contracts — 7,452 — 7,452 Forward sales contracts — 11,530 — 11,530 Interest rate lock commitments — — 1,574 1,574 Total derivative liabilities before netting — 18,982 1,574 20,556 Netting — — — ( 17,880 ) Total derivative liabilities after netting — 18,982 1,574 2,676 Credit risk transfer strips — — 13,475 13,475 Total derivative and credit risk transfer strip liabilities — 18,982 15,049 16,151 $ — $ 1,353,779 $ 50,147 $ 1,386,046 December 31, 2023 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in thousands) Assets: Short-term investments $ 128,338 $ — $ — $ 128,338 Mortgage-backed securities at fair value — 4,742,061 94,231 4,836,292 Loans acquired for sale at fair value — 662,700 6,318 669,018 Loans at fair value — 1,431,689 2,131 1,433,820 Derivative assets: Call options on interest rate futures purchase contracts 41,712 — — 41,712 Put options on interest rate futures purchase contracts 4,324 — — 4,324 Forward purchase contracts — 15,905 — 15,905 Forward sale contracts — 671 — 671 MBS call options — 3,218 — 3,218 MBS put options — 5 — 5 CRT derivatives — — 16,160 16,160 Interest rate lock commitments — — 7,596 7,596 Total derivative assets before netting 46,036 19,799 23,756 89,591 Netting — — — 88,393 Total derivative assets after netting 46,036 19,799 23,756 177,984 Mortgage servicing rights at fair value — — 3,919,107 3,919,107 $ 174,374 $ 6,856,249 $ 4,045,543 $ 11,164,559 Liabilities: Asset-backed financings of the variable interest entities $ — $ 1,336,731 $ — $ 1,336,731 Interest-only security payable at fair value — — 32,667 32,667 Derivative liabilities and credit risk transfer strips: Call options on interest rate futures purchase contracts 2,005 — — 2,005 Call options on interest rate futures sell contracts 1,328 — — 1,328 Forward purchase contracts — 490 — 490 Forward sales contracts — 50,363 — 50,363 Interest rate lock commitments — — 64 64 Total derivative liabilities before netting 3,333 50,853 64 54,250 Netting — — — ( 49,561 ) Total derivative liabilities after netting 3,333 50,853 64 4,689 Credit risk transfer strips — — 46,692 46,692 Total derivative and credit risk transfer strip 3,333 50,853 46,756 51,381 $ 3,333 $ 1,387,584 $ 79,423 $ 1,420,779 The following is a summary of changes in items measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs that are significant to the estimation of the fair values of the assets and liabilities at either the beginning or end of the periods presented: Quarter ended September 30, 2024 Assets (1) Interest-only stripped mortgage-backed securities Loans Loans at CRT Interest rate CRT Mortgage Total (in thousands) Balance, June 30, 2024 $ 87,841 $ 7,994 $ 1,998 $ 24,305 $ 1,552 $ ( 16,974 ) $ 3,941,861 $ 4,048,577 Purchases (purchase adjustments) and — ( 156 ) — — 18,971 — — 18,815 Repayments and sales ( 40,487 ) ( 1,728 ) ( 38 ) ( 3,350 ) — ( 10,990 ) — ( 56,593 ) Accrual of unearned discount 2,264 — — — — — — 2,264 Amounts received pursuant to sales — — — — — — 87,588 87,588 Changes in fair value included in Changes in instrument - — — — — — — — — Other factors ( 3,971 ) ( 41 ) ( 10 ) 8,735 27,776 14,489 ( 184,918 ) ( 137,940 ) ( 3,971 ) ( 41 ) ( 10 ) 8,735 27,776 14,489 ( 184,918 ) ( 137,940 ) Exchange of mortgage servicing spread 35,609 — — — — — ( 35,609 ) — Transfers of: Interest rate lock commitments to loans — — — — ( 42,397 ) — — ( 42,397 ) Mortgage servicing rights relating to — — — — — — 125 125 Balance, September 30, 2024 $ 81,256 $ 6,069 $ 1,950 $ 29,690 $ 5,902 $ ( 13,475 ) $ 3,809,047 $ 3,920,439 Changes in fair value recognized during $ ( 3,971 ) $ ( 9 ) $ ( 19 ) $ 5,460 $ 5,902 $ 3,499 $ ( 180,885 ) $ ( 170,023 ) (1) For the purpose of this table, CRT derivative, interest rate lock commitment (“IRLC”), and CRT strip asset and liability positions are shown net. (2) The Company had transfers among the fair value levels arising from transfers of IRLCs to loans acquired for sale at fair value upon purchase of the respective loans. Liabilities Quarter ended September 30, 2024 (in thousands) Interest-only security payable: Balance, June 30, 2024 $ 32,708 Changes in fair value included in income arising from: Changes in instrument - specific credit risk — Other factors 2,390 2,390 Balance, September 30, 2024 $ 35,098 Changes in fair value recognized during the quarter relating $ 2,390 Quarter ended September 30, 2023 Assets (1) Interest-only stripped mortgage-backed securities Loans Loans at CRT Interest CRT Mortgage Total (in thousands) Balance, June 30, 2023 $ — $ 6,630 $ 2,665 $ ( 4,394 ) $ ( 1,298 ) $ ( 78,569 ) $ 3,977,938 $ 3,902,972 Purchases and issuances — — — — 6,618 — 16,263 22,881 Repayments and sales — ( 1,383 ) ( 510 ) ( 4,028 ) — ( 11,241 ) — ( 17,162 ) Amounts received pursuant to sales — ( 496 ) — — — — 58,560 58,064 Changes in fair value included in Changes in instrument - — — — — — — — — Other factors ( 14 ) 131 ( 58 ) 13,164 ( 16,255 ) 21,218 160,926 179,112 ( 14 ) 131 ( 58 ) 13,164 ( 16,255 ) 21,218 160,926 179,112 Exchange of mortgage servicing spread 103,547 — — — — — ( 105,096 ) ( 1,549 ) Transfers of: Interest rate lock commitments — — — — 7,587 — — 7,587 Mortgage servicing rights relating to — — — — — — 70 70 Balance, September 30, 2023 $ 103,533 $ 4,882 $ 2,097 $ 4,742 $ ( 3,348 ) $ ( 68,592 ) $ 4,108,661 $ 4,151,975 Changes in fair value recognized during $ ( 14 ) $ ( 104 ) $ ( 74 ) $ 9,113 $ ( 3,348 ) $ 9,977 $ 160,926 $ 176,476 (1) For the purpose of this table, CRT derivative, IRLC, and CRT strip asset and liability positions are shown net. (2) The Company had transfers among the fair value levels arising from transfers of IRLCs to loans acquired for sale at fair value upon purchase of the respective loans. Liabilities Quarter ended September 30, 2023 (in thousands) Interest-only security payable: Balance, June 30, 2023 $ 24,060 Changes in fair value included in results of operations arising from: Changes in instrument - specific credit risk — Other factors 4,228 4,228 Balance, September 30, 2023 $ 28,288 Changes in fair value recognized during the quarter relating $ 4,228 Nine months ended September 30, 2024 Assets (1) Interest-only stripped mortgage-backed securities Loans Loans at CRT Interest rate CRT Mortgage Total (in thousands) Balance, December 31, 2023 $ 94,231 $ 6,318 $ 2,131 $ 16,160 $ 7,532 $ ( 46,692 ) $ 3,919,107 $ 3,998,787 Purchases and issuances — 5,341 — — 26,842 — 29,428 61,611 Repayments and sales ( 50,541 ) ( 5,404 ) ( 129 ) ( 10,434 ) — ( 34,368 ) — ( 100,876 ) Accrual of unearned discounts 6,870 — — — — — — 6,870 Amounts received pursuant to sales — — — — — — 159,456 159,456 Changes in fair value included in Changes in instrument - specific — — — — — — — — Other factors ( 4,913 ) ( 186 ) ( 52 ) 23,964 22,774 67,585 ( 263,676 ) ( 154,504 ) ( 4,913 ) ( 186 ) ( 52 ) 23,964 22,774 67,585 ( 263,676 ) ( 154,504 ) Exchange of mortgage servicing spread 35,609 — — — — — ( 35,609 ) — Transfers of: Interest rate lock commitments to loans — — — — ( 51,246 ) — — ( 51,246 ) Mortgage servicing rights relating to — — — — — — 341 341 Balance, September 30, 2024 $ 81,256 $ 6,069 $ 1,950 $ 29,690 $ 5,902 $ ( 13,475 ) $ 3,809,047 $ 3,920,439 Changes in fair value recognized during $ ( 4,913 ) $ ( 154 ) $ ( 71 ) $ 13,716 $ 5,902 $ 33,217 $ ( 261,304 ) $ ( 213,607 ) (1) For the purpose of this table, CRT derivative, IRLC, and CRT strip asset and liability positions are shown net. (2) The Company had transfers among the fair value levels arising from transfers of IRLCs to loans acquired for sale at fair value upon purchase of the respective loans. Liabilities Nine months ended September 30, 2024 (in thousands) Interest-only security payable: Balance, December 31, 2023 $ 32,667 Changes in fair value included in income arising from: Changes in instrument - specific credit risk — Other factors 2,431 2,431 Balance, September 30, 2024 $ 35,098 Changes in fair value recognized during the period relating $ 2,431 Nine months ended September 30, 2023 Assets (1) Interest-only stripped mortgage-backed securities Loans Loans at CRT Interest CRT strips Mortgage Total (in thousands) Balance, December 31, 2022 $ — $ 10,708 $ 3,457 $ ( 22,098 ) $ ( 478 ) $ ( 137,193 ) $ 4,012,737 $ 3,867,133 Purchases and issuances — 4,262 119 — 2,687 — 16,263 23,331 Repayments and sales — ( 9,787 ) ( 534 ) ( 12,283 ) — ( 35,529 ) — ( 58,133 ) Amounts received pursuant to sales — ( 496 ) — — — — 249,925 249,429 Changes in fair value included in Changes in instrument - — — — — — — — — Other factors ( 14 ) 195 ( 485 ) 39,123 ( 3,578 ) 104,130 ( 64,515 ) 74,856 ( 14 ) 195 ( 485 ) 39,123 ( 3,578 ) 104,130 ( 64,515 ) 74,856 Exchange of mortgage servicing 103,547 — — — — — ( 105,096 ) ( 1,549 ) Transfers of: — Loans to REO — — ( 460 ) — — — — ( 460 ) Interest rate lock commitments — — — — ( 1,979 ) — — ( 1,979 ) Mortgage servicing rights relating to — — — — — — ( 653 ) ( 653 ) Balance, September 30, 2023 $ 103,533 $ 4,882 $ 2,097 $ 4,742 $ ( 3,348 ) $ ( 68,592 ) $ 4,108,661 $ 4,151,975 Changes in fair value recognized $ ( 14 ) $ ( 74 ) $ ( 1,011 ) $ 26,619 $ ( 3,348 ) $ 68,601 $ ( 64,515 ) $ 26,258 (1) For the purpose of this table, CRT derivative, IRLC, and CRT strip asset and liability positions are shown net. (2) The Company had transfers among the fair value levels arising from transfers of IRLCs to loans acquired for sale at fair value upon purchase of the respective loans. Liabilities Nine months ended September 30, 2023 (in thousands) Interest-only security payable: Balance, December 31, 2022 $ 21,925 Changes in fair value included in results of operations arising from: Changes in instrument - specific credit risk — Other factors 6,363 6,363 Balance, September 30, 2023 $ 28,288 Changes in fair value recognized during the period relating $ 6,363 Financial Statement Items Measured at Fair Value under the Fair Value Option Following are the fair values and related principal amounts due upon maturity of loans accounted for under the fair value option (including loans acquired for sale, loans held in consolidated VIEs, and distressed loans): September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Fair value Principal Difference Fair value Principal Difference (in thousands) Loans acquired for sale at fair value: Current through 89 days delinquent $ 1,665,099 $ 1,619,369 $ 45,730 $ 667,857 $ 648,283 $ 19,574 90 or more days delinquent: Not in foreclosure 622 873 ( 251 ) 433 617 ( 184 ) In foreclosure 75 96 ( 21 ) 728 845 ( 117 ) 697 969 ( 272 ) 1,161 1,462 ( 301 ) $ 1,665,796 $ 1,620,338 $ 45,458 $ 669,018 $ 649,745 $ 19,273 Loans at fair value: Held in consolidated VIEs: Current through 89 days delinquent $ 1,426,511 $ 1,620,842 $ ( 194,331 ) $ 1,430,427 $ 1,697,305 $ ( 266,878 ) 90 or more days delinquent: Not in foreclosure 891 1,122 ( 231 ) 1,262 1,582 ( 320 ) In foreclosure 173 219 ( 46 ) — — — 1,064 1,341 ( 277 ) 1,262 1,582 ( 320 ) 1,427,575 1,622,183 ( 194,608 ) 1,431,689 1,698,887 ( 267,198 ) Distressed: Current through 89 days delinquent 460 634 ( 174 ) 569 728 ( 159 ) 90 or more days delinquent: Not in foreclosure 1,490 4,332 ( 2,842 ) 393 2,023 ( 1,630 ) In foreclosure — — — 1,169 2,546 ( 1,377 ) 1,490 4,332 ( 2,842 ) 1,562 4,569 ( 3,007 ) 1,950 4,966 ( 3,016 ) 2,131 5,297 ( 3,166 ) $ 1,429,525 $ 1,627,149 $ ( 197,624 ) $ 1,433,820 $ 1,704,184 $ ( 270,364 ) Following are the changes in fair value included in current period income by consolidated statement of income line item for financial statement items accounted for under the fair value option: Quarter ended September 30, 2024 Net gains (losses) on investments and financings Net gains on loans acquired Net loan Net interest Total (in thousands) Assets: Mortgage-backed securities at fair value $ 123,433 $ — $ — $ 15,663 $ 139,096 Loans acquired for sale at fair value — 65,611 — — 65,611 Loans at fair value 75,350 — — 2,229 77,579 Credit risk transfer strips 14,489 — — — 14,489 MSRs at fair value — — ( 184,918 ) — ( 184,918 ) $ 213,272 $ 65,611 $ ( 184,918 ) $ 17,892 $ 111,857 Liabilities: Interest-only security payable at fair value $ ( 2,390 ) $ — $ — $ — $ ( 2,390 ) Asset-backed financings of VIEs at fair value ( 72,922 ) — — 1,026 ( 71,896 ) $ ( 75,312 ) $ — $ — $ 1,026 $ ( 74,286 ) Quarter ended September 30, 2023 Net gains (losses) on investments and financings Net gains on loans acquired Net loan Net interest Total (in thousands) Assets: Mortgage-backed securities at fair value $ ( 144,031 ) $ — $ — $ 1,048 $ ( 142,983 ) Loans acquired for sale at fair value — ( 13,106 ) — — ( 13,106 ) Loans at fair value ( 54,141 ) — — ( 5,153 ) ( 59,294 ) Credit risk transfer strips 21,218 — — — 21,218 MSRs at fair value — — 160,926 — 160,926 $ ( 176,954 ) $ ( 13,106 ) $ 160,926 $ ( 4,105 ) $ ( 33,239 ) Liabilities: Interest-only security payable at fair value $ ( 4,228 ) $ — $ — $ — $ ( 4,228 ) Asset-backed financings at fair value 58,474 — — 1,132 59,606 $ 54,246 $ — $ — $ 1,132 $ 55,378 Nine months ended September 30, 2024 Net gains (losses) on investments and financings Net gains on loans acquired Net loan Net interest Total (in thousands) Assets: Mortgage-backed securities at fair value $ 50,310 $ — $ — $ 25,340 $ 75,650 Loans acquired for sale at fair value — 67,243 — — 67,243 Loans at fair value 71,330 — — ( 511 ) 70,819 Credit risk transfer strips 67,585 — — — 67,585 MSRs at fair value — — ( 263,676 ) — ( 263,676 ) $ 189,225 $ 67,243 $ ( 263,676 ) $ 24,829 $ 17,621 Liabilities: Interest-only security payable at fair value $ ( 2,431 ) $ — $ — $ — $ ( 2,431 ) Asset-backed financings at fair value ( 64,151 ) — — 1,138 ( 63,013 ) $ ( 66,582 ) $ — $ — $ 1,138 $ ( 65,444 ) Nine months ended September 30, 2023 Net gains (losses) on investments and financings Net gains on loans acquired Net loan Net interest Total (in thousands) Assets: Mortgage-backed securities at fair value $ ( 127,434 ) $ — $ — $ ( 1,172 ) $ ( 128,606 ) Loans acquired for sale at fair value — ( 7,215 ) — — ( 7,215 ) Loans at fair value ( 61,803 ) — — ( 6,212 ) ( 68,015 ) Credit risk transfer strips 104,130 — — — 104,130 MSRs at fair value — — ( 64,515 ) — ( 64,515 ) $ ( 85,107 ) $ ( 7,215 ) $ ( 64,515 ) $ ( 7,384 ) $ ( 164,221 ) Liabilities: Interest-only security payable at fair value $ ( 6,363 ) $ — $ — $ — $ ( 6,363 ) Asset-backed financings at fair value 66,108 — — 666 66,774 $ 59,745 $ — $ — $ 666 $ 60,411 Financial Statement Item Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis Following is a summary of the carrying value of assets that were remeasured during the period based on fair value on a nonrecurring basis: Real estate acquired in settlement of loans Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in thousands) September 30, 2024 $ — $ — $ 438 $ 438 December 31, 2023 $ — $ — $ 753 $ 753 The following table summarizes the fair value changes recognized during the periods on assets held at period end that were remeasured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis: Quarter ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 (in thousands) Real estate acquired in settlement of loans $ 9 $ ( 258 ) $ 105 $ ( 288 ) The Company remeasures its REO based on fair value when it evaluates the REO properties for impairment. The Company evaluates its REO for impairment with reference to the respective properties’ fair values less costs to sell. REO may be revalued after acquisition due to the Company receiving greater access to the property, the property being held for an extended period or receiving indications that the property’s fair value may not be supported by developing market conditions. Any subsequent change in fair value to a level that is less than or equal to the property’s cost is recognized in Results of real estate acquired in settlement of loans in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Carried at Amortized Cost Most of the Company’s borrowings are carried at amortized cost. The Company’s Assets sold under agreements to repurchase , Mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreements, Notes payable secured by credit risk transfer and mortgage servicing assets and the Exchangeable Notes, defined in Note 15 – Long-Term Debt , are classified as “Level 3” fair value liabilities due to the Company’s reliance on unobservable inputs to estimate these instruments’ fair values. The Company classifies the 2028 Senior Notes, defined in Note 15 – Long-Term Debt , as “Level 2” fair value liabilities. The Company has concluded that the fair values of these borrowings other than term notes and term loans included in Notes payable secured by credit risk transfer and mortgage servicing assets and the Unsecured senior notes approximate the agreements’ carrying values due to the borrowing agreements’ variable interest rates and short maturities. The Company estimates the fair values of the term notes and term loans included in Notes payable secured by credit risk transfer and mortgage servicing assets using indications of fair value provided by nonaffiliate brokers for the term notes, internal estimates of fair value for the term loans, and pricing services for the Unsecured senior notes. The fair values and carrying values of these liabilities are summarized below: September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Instrument Carrying value Fair value Carrying value Fair value (in thousands) Notes payable secured by credit risk transfer $ 2,830,108 $ 2,846,037 $ 2,910,605 $ 2,904,678 Unsecured senior notes $ 814,915 $ 818,647 $ 600,458 $ 580,090 Valuation Governance Most of the Company’s assets, its Asset-backed financings at fair value, Interest-only security payable at fair value and Derivative and credit risk transfer strip liabilities at fair value are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in current period income. A substantial portion of these items are “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities which require the use of unobservable inputs that are significant to the estimation of the fair values of the assets and liabilities. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own judgments about the factors that market participants use in pricing an asset or liability and are based on the best information available under the circumstances. Due to the difficulty in estimating the fair values of “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities, the Company has assigned responsibility for estimating the fair values of these assets and liabilities to specialized staff within PFSI's capital markets group and subjects the valuation process to significant senior management oversight. With respect to “Level 3” valuations other than IRLCs, the capital markets valuation staff reports to PFSI’s senior management valuation committee, which oversees the valuations. The capital markets valuation staff monitors the models used for valuation of the Company’s “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities other than IRLCs, including the models’ performance versus actual results, and reports those results to PFSI’s senior management valuation committee. PFSI’s senior management valuation committee includes the Company’s chief financial and investment officers as well as other senior members of PFSI’s finance, risk management and capital markets staffs. The capital markets valuation staff is responsible for reporting to PFSI’s senior management valuation committee on the changes in the valuation of the non-IRLC “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities, including major factors affecting the valuation and any changes in model methods and inputs. To assess the reasonableness of its valuations, the capital markets valuation staff presents an analysis of the effect on the valuation of changes to the significant inputs to the models and, for MSRs, comparisons of its estimates of fair value and key inputs to those procured from nonaffiliate brokers and published surveys. The fair values of the Company’s IRLCs are developed by PFSI's capital markets risk management staff and are reviewed by its capital markets operations staff. Valuation Techniques and Inputs The following is a description of the techniques and inputs used in estimating the fair values of “Level 2” and “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities: Mortgage-Backed Securities The Company’s categorization of its current holdings of MBS is based on whether the respective security is an IO security: • The Company categorizes the majority of its current holdings of MBS, comprised of securities other than IO securities, as “Level 2” fair value assets. Fair value of these securities is established based on quoted market prices for the Company’s MBS holdings or similar securities. • The Company categorizes its current holdings of IO securities as “Level 3” fair value assets. The Company uses a discounted cash flow approach to estimate the fair values of its IO securities. The key inputs used in the estimation of the fair value of IO securities include pricing spread (discount rate) and prepayment speed. Significant changes to those inputs in isolation may result in significant changes in the IO securities' fair value measurements. Changes in these key inputs are not directly related. Following are the key inputs used in determining the fair value of IO securities: September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Fair value (in thousands) $ 81,256 $ 94,231 Key inputs (1) Pricing spread (2) Range 5.9 % – 6.5 % 5.1 % – 5.1 % Weighted average 6.5 % 5.1 % Annual total prepayment speed (3) Range 11.7 % – 12.1 % 10.9 % – 11.0 % Weighted average 11.7 % 10.9 % Equivalent life (in years) Range 4.4 – 6.8 4.7 – 7.2 Weighted average 6.7 7.1 (1) Weighted-average inputs are based on the UPB of the underlying loans. (2) Pricing spread represents a margin that is applied to a reference forward rate to develop periodic discount rates. The Company uses the pricing spread over a derived United States Treasury Securities (“Treasury”) yield curve for the purpose of discounting cash flows relating to IO securities. (3) Prepayment speed is measured using life total Conditional Prepayment Rate (“CPR”). Equivalent life is provided as supplementary information. Changes in the fair value of MBS are included in Net gains (losses) on investments and financings in the consolidated statements of income. Loans Fair value of loans is estimated based on whether the loans are saleable into active markets: • Loans that are saleable into active markets, comprised of most of the Company’s loans acquired for sale at fair value and all of the loans at fair value held in VIEs, are categorized as “Level 2” fair value assets: • For loans acquired for sale, the fair values are established using the loans’ contracted selling prices, quoted market prices or market price equivalents. • For the loans at fair value held in VIEs, the quoted indications of fair value of all of the individual securities issued by the securitization trusts are used to derive fair values for the loans. The Company obtains indications of fair value from nonaffiliate brokers based on comparable securities and/or pricing services and validates the brokers’ indications of fair value using pricing models and inputs the Company believes are similar to the pricing models and inputs used by other market participants. The Company adjusts the fair values received from brokers and/or pricing services to include the fair value of MSRs attributable to the loans included in the VIEs. • Loans that are not saleable into active markets, comprised of home equity lines of credit, previously sold loans that the Company repurchased pursuant to the representation and warranties it provided to the purchaser and distressed loans, are categorized as “Level 3” fair value assets: • Fair values for loans acquired for sale categorized as “Level 3” assets are estimated using a discounted cash flow approach or the loans' contracted selling prices when applicable. Inputs to the discounted cash flow model include current interest rates, payment statuses, property types, discount rates and forecasts of future interest rates, home prices, prepayment speeds, default speeds and loss severities. • Distressed loans’ fair values are estimated based on the expected resolution from the individual asset’s disposition strategy. When a cash flow projection is used to estimate fair values, those cash flows are discounted at annual rates up to 20 %. Derivative and Credit Risk Transfer Strip Assets and Liabilities CRT Derivatives The Company categorizes CRT derivatives as “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities. The fair values of CRT derivatives are based on indications of fair value provided to the Company by nonaffiliate brokers for the certificates representing the beneficial interests in the trusts holding the Deposits securing credit risk transfer arrangements pledged to creditors , the recourse obligations and the IO ownership interests. Together, the recourse obligation and the IO ownership interest comprise the CRT derivative. Fair values of the CRT derivatives are derived by deducting the balances of the Deposits securing credit risk transfer arrangements pledged to creditors from the fair values of the certificates. The Company assesses the fair values it receives from nonaffiliate brokers using the discounted cash flow approach. The significant unobservable inputs used by the Company in its review and approval of the valuation of CRT derivatives are the discount rates, voluntary and involuntary prepayment speeds and the remaining loss expectations of the reference loans. Changes in fair value of CRT derivatives are included in Net gains (losses) on investments and financings in the consolidated statements of income. Following is a quantitative summary of key unobservable inputs used in the Company’s review and approval of broker-provided fair values for CRT derivatives: September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands) Fair value $ 29,690 $ 16,160 UPB of loans in reference pools $ 5,071,449 $ 5,437,551 Key inputs (1) Discount rate Range 8.4 % - 11.7 % 9.0 % – 9.7 % Weighted average 8.7 % 9.6 % Voluntary prepayment speed (2) Range 6.8 % - 7.1 % 6.9 % – 7.6 % Weighted average 7.1 % 7.4 % Involuntary prepayment speed (3) Range 0.1 % - 0.1 % 0.2 % – 0.8 % Weighted average 0.1 % 0.3 % Remaining loss expectation Range 0.0 % - 0.2 % 0.2 % – 0.3 % Weighted average 0.1 % 0.3 % (1) Weighted average inputs are based on fair value amounts of the CRT arrangements, except for remaining loss expectation which is based on the UPB of the loans in the reference pools. (2) Voluntary prepayment speed is measured using life voluntary CPR. (3) Involuntary prepayment speed is measured using life involuntary CPR. Interest Rate Lock Commitments The Company categorizes IRLCs as “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities. The Company estimates the fair values of IRLCs based on quoted Agency MBS prices, the probability that the loans will be purchased under the commitments (the “pull-through rate”) and the Company’s estimate of the fair values of the MSRs it expects to receive upon sale of the loans. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s IRLCs are the pull-through rates and the estimated MSRs attributed to the mortgage loans subject to the commitments. Significant changes in the pull-through rates or the MSR components of the IRLCs, in isolation, may result in a significant change in the IRLCs’ fair values. The financial effects of changes in these inputs are generally inversely correlated as increasing interest rates have a positive effect on the fair value of the MSR component of an IRLC’s fair value, but also increase the pull-through rate for the loan principal and interest payment cash flow component that has decreased in fair value. Changes in fair value of IRLCs are included in Net gains on loans acquired for sale in the consolidated statements of income. Following is a quantitative summary of key unobservable inputs used in the valuation of IRLCs: September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Fair value (in thousands) |