Organization and Basis of Presentation (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2014 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Segment Reporting | The Company operates in two segments: correspondent production and investment activities: |
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| • | | The correspondent production segment represents the Company’s operations aimed at serving as an intermediary between mortgage lenders and the capital markets by purchasing, pooling and reselling newly originated prime credit quality mortgage loans either directly or in the form of mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”), using the services of PNMAC Capital Management (the “Manager or PCM”) and PennyMac Loan Services, LLC (“PLS” or the “Servicer”), both indirect subsidiaries of PennyMac Financial Services, Inc. (“PFSI”). |
Most of the loans the Company has acquired in its correspondent production activities have been eligible for sale to government-sponsored entities such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) or through government agencies such as the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”). Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae are each referred to as an “Agency” and, collectively, as the “Agencies.” |
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| • | | The investment activities segment represents the Company’s investments in mortgage-related assets, which include distressed mortgage loans, real estate acquired in settlement of loans (“REO”), MBS, mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) and excess servicing spread (“ESS”). The Company seeks to maximize the value of its acquired distressed mortgage loans through proprietary loan modification programs, special servicing or other initiatives focused on keeping borrowers in their homes. Where this is not possible, such as in the case of many nonperforming mortgage loans, the Company seeks to effect property resolution in a timely, orderly and economically efficient manner, including through the use of resolution alternatives to foreclosure. |
Basis of Accounting | The Company conducts substantially all of its operations and makes substantially all of its investments through its subsidiary, PennyMac Operating Partnership, L.P. (the “Operating Partnership”), and the Operating Partnership’s subsidiaries. A wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company is the sole general partner, and the Company is the sole limited partner, of the Operating Partnership. |
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in compliance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) as codified in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (the “Codification”). Preparation of financial statements in compliance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results will likely differ from those estimates. |
Concentration Risk | Because of the Company’s investment focus, PMT is exposed, to a greater extent than traditional mortgage investors, to the risks that borrowers may be in economic distress and/or may have become unemployed, bankrupt or otherwise unable or unwilling to make payments when due, and to the effects of fluctuations in the residential real estate market on the performance of its investments. Factors influencing these risks include, but are not limited to: |
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| • | | changes in the overall economy and unemployment rates and residential real estate values in the markets where the properties securing the Company’s mortgage loans are located; |
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| • | | PCM’s ability to identify and the Servicer’s ability to execute optimal resolutions of problem mortgage loans; |
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| • | | the accuracy of valuation information obtained during the Company’s due diligence activities; |
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| • | | PCM’s ability to effectively model, and to develop appropriate model assumptions that properly anticipate, future outcomes; |
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| • | | the level of government support for problem loan resolution and the effect of current and future proposed and enacted legislative and regulatory changes on the Company’s ability to effect cures or resolutions to distressed loans; and |
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| • | | regulatory, judicial and legislative support of the foreclosure process, and the resulting effect on the Company’s ability to acquire and liquidate the real estate securing its portfolio of distressed mortgage loans in a timely manner or at all. |
Due to these uncertainties, there can be no assurance that risk management activities identified and executed on PMT’s behalf will prevent significant losses arising from the Company’s investments in real estate-related assets. |
Consolidation | Consolidation |
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of PMT and all wholly-owned subsidiaries. PMT has no significant equity method or cost-basis investments. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. The Company also consolidates assets and liabilities included in certain securitization transactions and forward purchase agreements as discussed below. |
Securitizations |
The Company enters into various types of on- and off-balance sheet transactions with special purpose entities (“SPEs”), which are trusts that are established for a limited purpose. Generally, SPEs are formed in connection with securitization transactions. In a securitization transaction, the Company transfers mortgage loans on its balance sheet to an SPE, which then issues to investors various forms of interests in those assets. In a securitization transaction, the Company typically receives cash and/or interests in an SPE in exchange for the assets transferred by the Company. |
SPEs are generally considered variable interest entities (“VIEs”). A VIE is an entity having either a total equity investment that is insufficient to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or whose equity investors at risk lack the ability to control the entity’s activities. Variable interests are investments or other interests that will absorb portions of a VIE’s expected losses or receive portions of the VIE’s expected residual returns. |
The Company consolidates the assets and liabilities of VIEs of which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the party that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE and holds a variable interest that could potentially be significant to the VIE. To determine whether a variable interest the Company holds could potentially be significant to the VIE, the Company considers both qualitative and quantitative factors regarding the nature, size and form of its involvement with the VIE. The Company assesses whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE on an ongoing basis. |
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The Company evaluates the securitization trust into which mortgage loans are sold to determine whether the entity is a VIE and whether the Company is the primary beneficiary and therefore whether it is required to consolidate the securitization trust. For the VIE consolidated by the Company, PMT determined it was the primary beneficiary of the VIE as it had the power, through its affiliate, PLS, in its role as servicer of the mortgage loans, to direct the activities of the trust that most significantly impact the trust’s economic performance and the retained subordinated and residual interest trust certificates expose the Company to potentially significant losses and returns. |
The asset-backed securities issued by the consolidated VIE are backed by the expected cash flows from the underlying mortgage loans. Cash inflows from these mortgage loans are distributed to investors and service providers in accordance with the contractual priority of payments and, as such, most of these inflows must be directed first to service and repay the senior notes or certificates. After these senior obligations are settled, substantially all cash inflows will be directed to the subordinated notes until fully repaid and, thereafter, to the residual interest that the Company owns in the trust. |
The Company retains interests in the securitization transaction, including senior and subordinated notes or certificates and residual interests issued by the VIE. The Company retains credit risk in the securitization because the Company’s retained interests include the most subordinated interests in the securitized assets, which are the first to absorb credit losses on those assets. The Company expects that any credit losses in the pools of securitized assets will likely be limited to the Company’s subordinated and residual retained interests. The Company has no obligation to repurchase or replace securitized assets that subsequently become delinquent or are otherwise in default other than pursuant to breaches of representations and warranties. |
For financial reporting purposes, the mortgage loans and securities owned by the consolidated VIE are shown under a separate statement following the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The securities issued to third parties by the consolidated VIE are classified as secured borrowings and shown as Asset-backed secured financing on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company includes the interest income earned on the loans owned at the VIE and interest expense attributable to the asset-backed securities issued by the VIE on its consolidated income statements. |
Forward Purchase Agreements |
The Company enters into transactions whereby it agrees to purchase identified pools of mortgage loans and real estate at a later date while assuming all of the responsibilities for servicing the loans and the risks and rewards relating to holding such mortgage loans as of a cutoff date that is before the loans are purchased. All of the changes in the fair value and cash flows of the assets subject to forward purchase agreements are attributable solely to the Company, and such cash flows can only be used to settle the related liability. Such transactions are referred to as forward purchase agreements. Under forward purchase agreements, the assets are held by the seller within a separate trust entity. The Manager has concluded that the Company is the primary beneficiary of those assets and therefore consolidates those assets and related liabilities in the separate trust entity. |
The Company’s interests in the assets subject to forward purchase agreements are deemed to be contractually segregated from all other interests in the separate trust entity. When assets are contractually segregated, they are often referred to as a “silo.” For these transactions, the silo consists of the assets subject to forward purchase agreements and its related liability. The Company directs all of the activities that drive the economic results of the assets subject to forward purchase agreements. |
The assets subject to forward purchase agreements are included on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as Mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements at fair value and Real estate acquired in settlement of loans under forward purchase agreements and the related liabilities are included as Borrowings under forward purchase agreements. |
Valuation of Financial Instruments | Valuation of Financial Instruments |
PMT groups its assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the observability of the inputs used to determine fair value. These levels are: |
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| • | | Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. |
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| • | | Level 2—Prices determined or determinable using other significant observable inputs. Observable inputs are inputs that other market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. These may include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk and others. |
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| • | | Level 3—Prices determined using significant unobservable inputs. In situations where quoted prices or observable inputs are unavailable (for example, when there is little or no market activity for an investment at the end of the period), unobservable inputs may be used. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the factors that market participants use in pricing an asset or liability, and are based on the best information available in the circumstances. |
The valuation method used to estimate fair value may produce a fair value measurement that may not be indicative of ultimate realizable value. Furthermore, while the Manager believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with those used by other market participants, the use of different methods or assumptions to estimate the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. Those estimated values may differ significantly from the fair values that would have been used had a readily available market for such loans or investments existed, or had such loans or investments been liquidated, and those differences could be material to the financial statements. |
The Manager incorporates lack of liquidity into its fair value estimates based on the type of asset or liability measured and the valuation method used. For example, for mortgage loans where the significant inputs have become unobservable due to illiquidity in the markets for distressed mortgage loans or non-Agency, non-conforming mortgage loans, PMT uses a discounted cash flow technique to estimate fair value. This technique incorporates forecasting of expected cash flows discounted at a market discount rate that is intended to reflect the lack of liquidity in the market. |
Short-Term Investments | Short-Term Investments |
Short-term investments are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in current period income. Short-term investments represent money market deposit accounts. The Company’s short-term investments are classified as a “Level 1” fair value financial statement item. |
Mortgage-Backed Securities | Mortgage-Backed Securities |
The Company invests in Agency and non-Agency MBS. Purchases and sales of MBS and Agency debt are recorded as of the trade date. The Company’s investments in MBS are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in current period income. Changes in fair value arising from amortization of purchase premiums and accrual of unearned discounts are recognized using the interest method as a component of Interest income. Changes in fair value arising from other factors are recognized as a component of Net gain (loss) on investments. |
The Company categorizes its investments in Agency MBS and senior non-Agency MBS as “Level 2” fair value financial statement items. |
Interest Income Recognition |
Interest income on MBS is recognized over the life of the security using the interest method. The Manager estimates, at the time of purchase, the future expected cash flows and determines the effective interest rate based on the estimated cash flows and the security’s purchase price. The Manager updates its cash flow estimates monthly. |
Estimating cash flows requires a number of inputs that are subject to uncertainties, including the rate and timing of principal payments (including prepayments, repurchases, defaults and liquidations), the pass-through or coupon interest rate, interest rate fluctuations, interest payment shortfalls due to delinquencies on the underlying mortgage loans, the likelihood of modification and the timing of the magnitude of credit losses on the mortgage loans underlying the securities. The Manager applies its judgment in developing its estimates. However, these uncertainties are difficult to predict; therefore, the outcome of future events will affect the Company’s estimates and interest income. |
Mortgage Loans | Mortgage Loans |
Mortgage loans and mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements are carried at their fair values. Changes in the fair value of mortgage loans are recognized in current period income. All changes in fair value, including changes arising from the passage of time, are recognized as a component of Net gain (loss) on investments for mortgage loans classified as mortgage loans at fair value and mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements at fair value and Net gain on mortgage loans acquired for sale for mortgage loans classified as mortgage loans acquired for sale at fair value. |
Mortgage loans held by variable interest entity are carried at their fair values. Changes in the fair value of mortgage loans held by variable interest entity are recognized in current period income as a component of Net gain (loss) on investments. Changes in fair value relating to accrual of unearned discounts and amortization of purchase premiums are accrued or amortized to interest income using the interest method over the estimated remaining life of the loans including anticipated prepayments. |
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Sale Recognition |
The Company purchases from and sells mortgage loans into the secondary mortgage market without recourse for credit losses. However, the Company maintains continuing involvement with the loans in the form of servicing arrangements and liability under representations and warranties it makes to purchasers and insurers of the loans. |
The Company recognizes transfers of mortgage loans as sales based on whether the transfer is made to a VIE: |
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| • | | For mortgage loans that are not transferred to a VIE, the Company recognizes the transfer as a sale when it surrenders control over the mortgage loans. Control over transferred mortgage loans is deemed to be surrendered when (i) the mortgage loans have been isolated from the Company, (ii) the transferee has the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred mortgage loans, and (iii) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred mortgage loans through either (a) an agreement that entitles and obligates the Company to repurchase or redeem them before their maturity or (b) the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific mortgage loans. |
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| • | | For mortgage loans that are transferred to a VIE, the Company recognizes the transfer as a sale when the Manager determines that the Company is not the primary beneficiary of the VIE, as the Company does not have the power to direct the activities that will have the most significant economic impact on the VIE and/or does not hold a variable interest that could potentially be significant to the VIE. |
Interest Income Recognition |
The Company has the ability but not the intent to hold mortgage loans acquired for sale, mortgage loans at fair value and mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements, excluding mortgage loans held in a VIE, for the foreseeable future. Therefore, interest income on mortgage loans acquired for sale and mortgage loans at fair value is recognized over the life of the loans using their contractual interest rates. |
The Company has both the ability and intent to hold mortgage loans held in a VIE for the foreseeable future. Therefore, interest income on mortgage loans held in a variable interest entity is recognized over the estimated remaining life of the mortgage loans using the interest method. Unearned discounts and purchase premiums are accrued and amortized to interest income using the effective interest rate inherent in the estimated cash flows inherent in the mortgage loans. |
Income recognition is suspended and the accrued unpaid interest receivable is reversed against interest income when loans become 90 days delinquent, or when, in the Manager’s opinion, a full recovery of income and principal becomes doubtful. Income recognition is resumed when the loan becomes contractually current. |
Derivative Financial Instruments | Derivative Financial Instruments |
In its loan origination activities, the Company makes contractual commitments to loan applicants to originate mortgages at specified interest rates (“interest rate lock commitments” or “IRLCs”). These commitments are accounted for as derivative financial instruments. The Company manages the risk created by IRLCs relating to mortgage loans acquired for sale by entering into forward sale agreements to sell the mortgage loans and by the purchase and sale of interest rate options and futures. Such agreements are also accounted for as derivative financial instruments. These instruments may also be used to manage the risk created by changes in interest rates on certain of the MBS and MSRs the Company holds. The Company classifies its IRLCs as “Level 3” fair value financial statement items and the derivative financial instruments it acquires to manage the risks created by IRLCs and holding MBS, mortgage loans pending sale and MSRs as “Level 1” or “Level 2” fair value financial statement items. |
The Company accounts for its derivative financial instruments as free-standing derivatives. The Company does not designate its derivative financial instruments for hedge accounting. All derivative financial instruments are recognized on the balance sheet at fair value with changes in fair value being reported in current period income. The fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments is included in Derivative assets and Derivative liabilities and changes in fair value are included in Net gain on mortgage loans acquired for sale, in Net gain on investments or in Net loan servicing fees, as applicable, in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. |
When the Company has master netting agreements with its derivatives counterparties, the Company nets its counterparty positions along with any cash collateral received from or delivered to the counterparty. |
Mortgage Servicing Rights | Mortgage Servicing Rights |
MSRs arise from contractual agreements between the Company and investors (or their agents) in mortgage securities and mortgage loans. Under these contracts, the Company is obligated to provide loan servicing functions in exchange for fees and other remuneration. The servicing functions typically performed include, among other responsibilities, collecting and remitting loan payments; responding to borrower inquiries; accounting for principal and interest, holding custodial (impound) funds for payment of property taxes and insurance premiums; counseling delinquent mortgagors; and supervising the acquisition and disposition of REO. The Company has engaged PFSI to provide these services on its behalf. |
The fair value of MSRs is derived from the net positive cash flows associated with the servicing contracts. The Company receives a servicing fee ranging generally from 0.250% to 0.375% annually on the remaining outstanding principal balances of the loans. The servicing fees are collected from the monthly payments made by the mortgagors. The Company generally receives other remuneration including rights to various mortgagor-contracted fees such as late charges and collateral reconveyance charges and the Company is generally entitled to retain the interest earned on funds held pending remittance of mortgagor principal, interest, tax and insurance payments. |
The Company recognizes MSRs initially at their fair values, either as proceeds from sales of mortgage loans where the Company assumes the obligation to service the loan in the sale transaction, or from the purchase of MSRs. The precise fair value of MSRs is difficult to determine because MSRs are not actively traded in observable stand-alone markets. Considerable judgment is required to estimate the fair values of these assets and the exercise of such judgment can significantly affect the Company’s earnings. Therefore, the Company classifies its MSRs as “Level 3” fair value financial statement items. |
The Company accounts for MSRs at either the asset’s fair value with changes in fair value recorded in current period earnings or using the amortization method with the MSRs carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value based on the class of MSR. The Company has identified two classes of MSRs: originated MSRs backed by mortgage loans with initial interest rates of less than or equal to 4.5%; and MSRs backed by mortgage loans with initial interest rates of more than 4.5%. The Company’s subsequent accounting for MSRs is based on the class of MSRs. Originated MSRs backed by mortgage loans with initial interest rates of less than or equal to 4.5% are accounted for using the amortization method. Originated MSRs backed by loans with initial interest rates of more than 4.5% are accounted for at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in current period income. |
MSRs Accounted for Using the MSR Amortization Method |
The Company amortizes MSRs that are accounted for using the MSR amortization method. MSR amortization is determined by applying the ratio of the net MSR cash flows projected for the current period to the estimated total remaining net MSR cash flows. The estimated total net MSR cash flows are determined at the beginning of each month using prepayment inputs applicable at that time. |
The Company periodically assesses MSRs accounted for using the amortization method for impairment. Impairment occurs when the current fair value of the MSR falls below the asset’s carrying value (carrying value is the amortized cost reduced by any related valuation allowance). If MSRs are impaired, the impairment is recognized in current-period earnings and the carrying value of the MSRs is adjusted through a valuation allowance. If the fair value of impaired MSRs subsequently increases, the Company recognizes the increase in fair value in current-period earnings and adjusts the carrying value of the MSRs through a reduction in the valuation allowance to adjust the carrying value only to the extent of the valuation allowance. |
The Company stratifies its MSRs by risk characteristic when evaluating for impairment. For purposes of performing its MSR impairment evaluation, the Company stratifies its servicing portfolio on the basis of certain risk characteristics including loan type (fixed-rate or adjustable-rate) and note interest rate. Fixed-rate mortgage loans are stratified into note interest rate pools of 50 basis points for note interest rates between 3.0% and 4.5% and a single pool for note interest rates below 3%. Adjustable rate mortgage loans with initial interest rates of 4.5% or less are evaluated in a single pool. If the fair value of MSRs in any of the note interest rate pools is below the carrying value of the MSRs for that pool, impairment is recognized to the extent of the difference between the fair value and the existing carrying value for that pool. |
The Manager periodically reviews the various impairment strata to determine whether the fair value of the impaired MSRs in a given stratum is likely to recover. When the Manager deems recovery of the fair value to be unlikely in the foreseeable future, a write-down of the cost of the MSRs for that stratum to its estimated recoverable value is charged to the valuation allowance. |
Amortization and impairment of MSRs are included in current period income as a component of Net loan servicing fees. |
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MSRs Accounted for at Fair Value |
Changes in fair value of MSRs accounted for at fair value are recognized in current period income as a component of Net loan servicing fees. |
Excess Servicing Spread | Excess Servicing Spread |
The Company has acquired the right to receive the ESS related to MSRs owned by PFSI. ESS is carried at its fair value. Changes in fair value are recognized in current period income in Net gain on investments. Because the ESS is a claim to a portion of the cash flows from MSRs, the fair value measurement of the ESS is similar to that of MSRs. The Company categorizes ESS as a “Level 3” financial statement item. The Company uses a discounted cash flow approach to estimate the fair value of ESS. The key inputs used in the estimation of the fair value of ESS include prepayment speed and discount rate. Significant changes to those inputs in isolation may result in a significant change in the ESS fair value measurement. Changes in these key inputs are not necessarily directly related. |
Interest Income Recognition |
Interest income for ESS is accrued using the interest method, based upon the expected yield from the ESS through the expected life of the underlying mortgages. Changes to expected interest yield result in a change in fair value which is recorded in Interest income. |
Real Estate Acquired in Settlement of Loans | Real Estate Acquired in Settlement of Loans |
REO is measured at the lower of the acquisition cost of the property (as measured by cost in the case of purchased REO; or the fair value of the mortgage loan immediately before acquisition in the case of acquisition in settlement of a loan) or its fair value reduced by estimated costs to sell. REO is categorized as a “Level 3” fair value financial statement item. Changes in fair value to levels that are less than or equal to acquisition cost and gains or losses on sale of REO are recognized in the consolidated statements of income under the caption Results of real estate acquired in settlement of loans. |
Assets Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase | Assets Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase |
Assets sold under agreements to repurchase are carried at historical cost. Costs of creating the facilities underlying the agreements are recognized as deferred charges in Other assets and amortized to Interest expense over the term of the borrowing facility on the straight-line basis. |
Asset-Backed Secured Financing at Fair Value | Asset-Backed Secured Financing at Fair Value |
In conjunction with the on-balance sheet securitization, the certificates issued to nonaffiliates by the VIE are recorded as a financing arrangement. Those certificates issued to nonaffiliates have the right to receive principal and interest payments of the mortgage loans held by the consolidated VIE. Asset-backed secured financings are carried at fair value. Changes in fair value are recognized in current period income as a component of Net gain on investments. The Company categorizes asset-backed secured financing at fair value as a “Level 2” fair value financial statement items. |
Liability for Losses Under Representation and Warranties | Liability for Losses Under Representation and Warranties |
The Company’s agreements with the Agencies include representations and warranties related to the mortgage loans the Company sells to the Agencies. The representations and warranties require adherence to Agency origination and underwriting guidelines, including but not limited to the validity of the lien securing the mortgage loan, property eligibility, borrower credit, income and asset requirements, and compliance with applicable federal, state and local law. |
In the event of a breach of its representations and warranties, the Company may be required to either repurchase the mortgage loans with the identified defects or indemnify the investor or insurer. In such cases, the Company bears any subsequent credit loss on the mortgage loans. The Company’s credit loss may be reduced by any recourse it has to correspondent lenders that, in turn, had sold such mortgage loans to the Company and breached similar or other representations and warranties. In such event, the Company has the right to seek a recovery of related repurchase losses from that correspondent lender. |
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The Company records a provision for losses relating to representations and warranties as part of its loan sale transactions. The method used to estimate the liability for representations and warranties is a function of the representations and warranties given and considers a combination of factors, including, but not limited to, estimated future defaults and loan repurchase rates, the estimated severity of loss in the event of default and the probability of reimbursement by the correspondent loan seller. The Company establishes a liability at the time loans are sold and periodically updates its liability estimate. The level of the liability for representations and warranties is reviewed and approved by the Manager’s management credit committee. |
The level of the liability for representations and warranties is difficult to estimate and requires considerable management judgment. The level of mortgage loan repurchase losses is dependent on economic factors, investor demand strategies, and other external conditions that may change over the lives of the underlying loans, The Company’s representations and warranties are generally not subject to stated limits of exposure. However, the Manager believes that the current unpaid principal balance of loans sold by the Company to date represents the maximum exposure to repurchases related to representations and warranties. The Manager believes the range of reasonably possible losses in relation to the recorded liability is not material to the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. |
Underwriting Commissions and Offering Costs | Underwriting Commissions and Offering Costs |
Underwriting commissions and offering costs incurred in connection with the Company’s share offerings are reflected as a reduction of additional paid-in capital. Contingent offering costs that are deemed by the Manager as probable of being paid are recorded as a reduction of additional paid-in capital. |
Loan Servicing Fees | Loan Servicing Fees |
Loan servicing fees and other remuneration are received by the Company for servicing mortgage loans. Loan servicing fees are recorded net of Agency guarantee fees paid by the Company. Loan servicing fees are recognized as earned over the life of the loans in the servicing portfolio. |
Share-Based Compensation | Share-Based Compensation |
The Company amortizes the fair value of previously granted share-based awards to compensation expense over the vesting period using the graded vesting method. Expense relating to share-based awards is included in Compensation in the consolidated statements of income. |
The Company estimates the value of restricted share units awarded with reference to the fair value of its common shares on the date of the award. How the fair value of Company common shares is used in determining restricted share unit awards’ fair values depends on whether the restricted share units participate in Company dividends in the form of dividend equivalents. |
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| • | | Fair value of restricted share unit awards that participate in dividends in the form of dividend equivalents is determined at the Company’s closing share price on the date of the award. |
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| • | | Fair value of restricted share unit awards that do not participate in dividends is estimated by reducing the closing price of the Company’s common shares on the date of the award by the amount of expected shareholder distributions that the grantees will not receive during the vesting period, discounted at an appropriate risk-free rate of return. The amount of the reduction for anticipated distributions is based on amounts included in the Manager’s earnings forecast. |
The Company determines the fair value of its share-based compensation awards depending on whether the awards are made to its trustees and officers or to non-employees such as officers and employees of affiliates: |
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| • | | Compensation cost is generally fixed at the fair value of the award date for awards to officers and trustees of the Company. |
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| • | | Compensation cost for share-based compensation awarded to non-officers or trustees of the Company is adjusted to reflect changes in the fair value of awards in each subsequent reporting period until the award has vested, the service being provided is subsequently completed, or, under certain circumstances, is likely to be completed, whichever occurs first. |
The Manager’s estimates of compensation costs reflect the expected portion of share-based compensation awards that the Manager expects to vest. |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes |
The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT and the Manager believes the Company complies with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code applicable to REITs. Accordingly, the Manager believes the Company will not be subject to federal income tax on that portion of its REIT taxable income that is distributed to shareholders as long as certain asset, income and share ownership tests are met. If PMT fails to qualify as a REIT, and does not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, it will be subject to income taxes and may be precluded from qualifying as a REIT for the four tax years following the year of loss of the Company’s REIT qualification. |
The Company’s taxable REIT subsidiaries are subject to federal and state income taxes. Income taxes are provided for using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the Manager expects those temporary differences to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period in which the change occurs. |
Subject to the Manager’s judgment, a valuation allowance is established if realization of deferred tax assets is not more likely than not. The Company recognizes a tax benefit relating to tax positions it takes only if it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authority. A tax position that meets this standard is recognized as the largest amount that exceeds 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement. The Company will classify any penalties and interest as a component of income tax expense. |
As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company was not under examination by any federal or state income taxing authority. |
Earnings Per Share | The Company grants restricted share units which entitle the recipients to receive dividend equivalents during the vesting period on a basis equivalent to the dividends paid to holders of common shares. Unvested share-based compensation awards containing non-forfeitable rights to receive dividends or dividend equivalents (collectively, “dividends”) are classified as “participating securities” and are included in the basic earnings per share calculation using the two-class method. |
Diluted earnings per share is determined by dividing net income attributable to diluted shareholders, which adds back to net income the interest expense, net of applicable income taxes, on the Company’s exchangeable senior notes (the “Notes”), by the weighted-average common shares outstanding, assuming all potentially dilutive securities were issued. In periods in which the Company records a loss, potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the diluted loss per share calculation, as their effect on loss per share is anti-dilutive. |
Fair Value Measurement | The Company’s consolidated financial statements include assets and liabilities that are measured based on their fair values. Measurement at fair value may be on a recurring or nonrecurring basis depending on the accounting principles applicable to the specific asset or liability and whether the Manager has elected to carry the item at its fair value as discussed in the following paragraphs. |
Fair Value Accounting Elections |
The Manager identified all of its non-cash financial assets and MSRs relating to loans with initial interest rates of more than 4.5%, to be accounted for at fair value. The Manager has elected to account for these financial statement items at fair value so such changes in fair value will be reflected in income as they occur and more timely reflect the results of the Company’s performance. The Manager has also identified its asset-backed secured financing of the VIE to be accounted for at fair value to reflect the generally offsetting changes in fair value of these borrowings to changes in fair value of mortgage loans at fair value collateralizing this financing. |
The Company’s subsequent accounting for MSRs is based on the class of MSRs. Originated MSRs backed by mortgage loans with initial interest rates of less than or equal to 4.5% are accounted for using the amortization method. Originated MSRs backed by loans with initial interest rates of more than 4.5% are accounted for at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in current period income. |
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements | Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements |
In January of 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-04, Receivables: Troubled Debt Restructuring by Creditors Reclassification of Residential Real Estate Collateralized Consumer Mortgage Loans upon Foreclosure (“ASU 2014-04”) to the Troubled Debt Restructuring subtopic of the Receivables topic of the ASC. |
ASU 2014-04 clarifies when a creditor should be considered to have received physical possession of residential real estate collateralizing a mortgage loan and the mortgage loan derecognized in the receivable and recognized as real estate property. ASU 2014-04 specifies that an in substance repossession occurs when either the creditor has obtained the legal title to the property after a foreclosure or the borrower has transferred all interest in the property to the creditor through a deed in lieu of foreclosure or similar legal agreement so that at that time the asset should be reclassified from Mortgage loans at fair value to Real estate acquired in settlement of loans. |
ASU 2014-04 also provides that a disclosure of the amount of Real estate acquired in settlement of loans and the recorded investment in Mortgage loans at fair value that are in the process of foreclosure must be included in both interim and annual financial statements. |
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ASU 2014-04 is effective for all year-end and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2014. The adoption of ASU 2014-04 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. |
In May of 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”) to the Revenue from Contracts with Customers topic of the ASC. ASU 2014-09 was issued to standardize revenue recognition between public and private companies as well as across industries in an effort to more closely align GAAP revenue recognition with international standards to provide a more comparable revenue number for the users of the financial statements. |
ASU 2014-09 specifies that for all contracts, revenue should be recognized when or as the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Revenue is recognized either over a period or at one point in time in accordance with how the control of the service or good is transferred. |
ASU 2014-09 is effective for all year-end and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and early application is not permitted. The Company is evaluating the adoption of ASU 2014-09 and the effect that ASU 2014-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements. |
In June of 2014, FASB issued ASU No. 2014-11, Repurchase-to-Maturity Transactions, Repurchase Financings, and Disclosures (“ASU 2014-11”) to the Transfers and Servicing topic of the ASC. The amendments in ASU 2014-11 require two accounting changes. First, the amendments in ASU 2014-11 change the accounting for repurchase-to-maturity transactions to secured borrowing accounting. Second, for repurchase financing arrangements, the amendments require separate accounting for a transfer of a financial asset executed contemporaneously with a repurchase agreement with the same counterparty, which will result in secured borrowing accounting for the repurchase agreement. |
ASU 2014-11 requires disclosures for certain transactions comprising (1) a transfer of a financial asset accounted for as a sale and (2) an agreement with the same transferee entered into in contemplation of the initial transfer that results in the transferor retaining substantially all of the exposure to the economic return on the transferred financial asset throughout the term of the transaction. ASU 2014-11 also specifies certain disclosure requirements for those transactions outstanding at the reporting date and for repurchase agreements, securities lending transactions and repurchase-to-maturity transactions, the transferor is required to make certain disclosures by type of transaction. |
ASU 2014-11 is effective for the annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2014. The adoption of ASU 2014-11 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. |
In August of 2014, FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (“ASU 2014-15”) to the Going Concern subtopic of the Presentation of Financial Statements topic of the ASC. ASU 2014-15 requires that when management identifies conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, management should consider whether its plans that are intended to mitigate those relevant conditions or events will alleviate the substantial doubt. |
ASU 2014-15 requires that if conditions or events raise substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, but the substantial doubt is alleviated as a result of consideration of management’s plans, the entity should include a statement in the notes to its financial statements that enables users of the financial statements to understand all of the following: |
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| a. | Principal conditions or events that raised substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern (before consideration of management’s plans) | |
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| b. | Management’s evaluation of the significance of those conditions or events in relation to the entity’s ability to meet its obligations | |
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| c. | Management’s plans that alleviated substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. | |
If conditions or events raise substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, and substantial doubt is not alleviated after consideration of management’s plans, an entity should include a statement in the notes to its financial statements indicating that there is substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (or available to be issued). The entity should disclose information that enables users of the financial statements to understand all of the following: |
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| a. | Principal conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern | |
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| b. | Management’s evaluation of the significance of those conditions or events in relation to the entity’s ability to meet its obligations | |
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| c. | Management’s plans that are intended to mitigate the conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. | |
ASU 2014-15 is effective for the annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. Early application is permitted. The adoption of ASU 2014-15 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. |