Fair Value | Note 7—Fair Value The Company’s consolidated financial statements include assets and liabilities that are measured based on their fair values. Measurement at fair value may be on a recurring or nonrecurring basis depending on the accounting principles applicable to the specific asset or liability and whether the Manager has elected to carry the item at its fair value as discussed in the following paragraphs. The Company groups its assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the observability of the inputs used to determine fair value. These levels are: • Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. • Level 2—Prices determined or determinable using other significant observable inputs. Observable inputs are inputs that other market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. These may include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk and other inputs. • Level 3—Prices determined using significant unobservable inputs. In situations where significant observable inputs are unavailable (for example, when there is little or no market activity for an investment at the end of the period) unobservable inputs may be used. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own judgments about the factors that market participants use in pricing an asset or liability, and are based on the best information available in the circumstances. As a result of the difficulty in observing certain significant valuation inputs affecting “Level 3” fair value financial statement items, the Manager is required to make judgments regarding these items’ fair values. Different persons in possession of the same facts may reasonably arrive at different conclusions as to the inputs to be applied in valuing these financial statement items and their fair values. Likewise, due to the general illiquidity of some of these financial statement items, subsequent transactions may be at values significantly different from those reported. Fair Value Accounting Elections The Manager identified all of the Company’s non-cash financial assets and MSRs relating to loans with initial interest rates of more than 4.5%, to be accounted for at fair value. The Manager has elected to account for these financial statement items at fair value so such changes in fair value will be reflected in income as they occur and more timely reflect the results of the Company’s performance. Originated MSRs backed by mortgage loans with initial interest rates of less than or equal to 4.5% are accounted for using the amortization method. The Manager has also identified the Company’s CRT financing and asset-backed financing of a VIE to be accounted for at fair value to reflect the generally offsetting changes in fair value of these borrowings to changes in fair value of mortgage loans at fair value collateralizing these financings. For assets sold under agreements to repurchase and the Exchangeable Notes, the Manager has determined that historical cost accounting is more appropriate because under this method debt issuance costs are amortized over the term of the debt, thereby matching the debt issuance cost to the periods benefiting from the availability of the debt. Financial Statement Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Following is a summary of financial statement items that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis: March 31, 2016 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in thousands) Assets: Short-term investments $ 47,500 $ — $ — $ 47,500 Mortgage-backed securities at fair value — 364,439 — 364,439 Mortgage loans acquired for sale at fair value — 1,339,633 — 1,339,633 Mortgage loans at fair value — 449,215 2,047,563 2,496,778 Excess servicing spread purchased from PFSI — — 321,976 321,976 Derivative assets: Interest rate lock commitments — — 9,372 9,372 MBS put options — 64 — 64 Forward purchase contracts — 20,795 — 20,795 Forward sales contracts — 138 — 138 Put options on interest rate futures 414 — — 414 Call options on interest rate futures 3,949 — — 3,949 Total derivative assets before netting 4,363 20,997 9,372 34,732 Netting — — — (16,270 ) Total derivative assets after netting 4,363 20,997 9,372 18,462 Mortgage servicing rights at fair value — — 61,071 61,071 $ 51,863 $ 2,174,284 $ 2,439,982 $ 4,649,859 Liabilities: Asset-backed financing of a VIE at fair value $ — $ 344,693 $ — $ 344,693 Interest-only security payable at fair value — — 675 675 Derivative liabilities: Interest rate lock commitments — — 37 37 CRT Agreements — — 4,218 4,218 Call options on interest rate futures 895 — — 895 Forward purchase contracts — 15 — 15 Forward sales contracts — 19,884 — 19,884 Total derivative liabilities before netting 895 19,899 4,255 25,049 Netting — — — (11,561 ) Total derivative liabilities after netting 895 19,899 4,255 13,488 $ 895 $ 364,592 $ 4,930 $ 358,856 December 31, 2015 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in thousands) Assets: Short-term investments $ 41,865 $ — $ — $ 41,865 Mortgage-backed securities at fair value — 322,473 — 322,473 Mortgage loans acquired for sale at fair value — 1,283,795 — 1,283,795 Mortgage loans at fair value — 455,394 2,100,394 2,555,788 Excess servicing spread purchased from PFSI — — 412,425 412,425 Derivative assets: Interest rate lock commitments — — 4,983 4,983 CRT Agreements — — 593 593 MBS put options — 93 — 93 Forward purchase contracts — 2,444 — 2,444 Forward sales contracts — 2,604 — 2,604 Put options on interest rate futures 1,512 — — 1,512 Call options on interest rate futures 1,156 — — 1,156 Total derivative assets 2,668 5,141 5,576 13,385 Netting — — — (3,300 ) Total derivative assets after netting 2,668 5,141 5,576 10,085 Mortgage servicing rights at fair value — — 66,584 66,584 $ 44,533 $ 2,066,803 $ 2,584,979 $ 4,693,015 Liabilities: Asset-backed financing of the VIE at fair value $ — $ 247,690 $ — $ 247,690 Derivative liabilities: Interest rate lock commitments — — 337 337 Put options on interest rate futures 39 — — 39 Call options on interest rate futures 305 — — 305 Forward purchase contracts — 3,774 — 3,774 Forward sales contracts — 2,680 — 2,680 Total derivative liabilities 344 6,454 337 7,135 Netting — — — (3,978 ) Total derivative liabilities after netting 344 6,454 337 3,157 $ 344 $ 254,144 $ 337 $ 250,847 The following is a summary of changes in items measured using Level 3 inputs on a recurring basis: Quarter ended March 31, 2016 Mortgage Excess Interest Net derivative Mortgage Interest- loans servicing rate lock related to CRT servicing at fair value spread commitments (1) Agreements (1) rights Total (in thousands) Balance, December 31, 2015 $ 2,100,394 $ 412,425 $ 4,646 $ 593 $ 66,584 $ — $ 2,584,642 Purchases and issuances — — — — 2,602 682 3,284 Repayments and sales (32,065 ) (79,926 ) — (668 ) — — (112,659 ) Capitalization of interest 23,294 7,015 — — — — 30,309 ESS received pursuant to a recapture agreement with PFSI — 1,911 — — — — 1,911 Interest rate lock commitments issued, net — — 10,698 — — — 10,698 Servicing received as proceeds from sales of mortgage loans — — — — 3,300 — 3,300 Proceeds from CRT Agreements — — — 2,536 — — 2,536 Changes in fair value included in income arising from: Changes in instrument-specific credit risk 12,466 — — — — — 12,466 Other factors 1,929 (19,449 ) 20,666 (6,679 ) (11,415 ) (7 ) (14,955 ) 14,395 (19,449 ) 20,666 (6,679 ) (11,415 ) (7 ) (2,489 ) Transfers of mortgage loans to REO and real estate held for investment (58,455 ) — — — — — (58,455 ) Transfers of interest rate lock commitments to mortgage loans acquired for sale — — (26,675 ) — — — (26,675 ) Balance, March 31, 2016 $ 2,047,563 $ 321,976 $ 9,335 $ (4,218 ) $ 61,071 675 $ 2,436,402 Changes in fair value recognized during the period relating to assets still held at March 31, 2016 $ 17,676 $ (12,239 ) $ 9,335 $ (6,679 ) $ (11,415 ) (7 ) $ (3,329 ) (1) For the purpose of this table, the IRLC and CRT Agreement asset and liability positions are shown net. Quarter ended March 31, 2015 Mortgage Excess Interest Mortgage loans servicing rate lock servicing at fair value spread commitments (1) rights Total (in thousands) Balance, December 31, 2014 $ 2,199,583 $ 191,166 $ 5,661 $ 57,358 $ 2,453,768 Purchases 241,981 46,412 — — 288,393 Repayments and sales (45,882 ) (12,731 ) — — (58,613 ) Capitalization of interest 10,209 — — — 10,209 Accrual of interest — 3,752 — — 3,752 ESS received pursuant to a recapture agreement with PFSI — 1,246 — — 1,246 Interest rate lock commitments issued, net — — 19,400 — 19,400 Servicing received as proceeds from sales of mortgage loans — — — 1,906 1,906 Changes in fair value included in income arising from: Changes in instrument-specific credit risk 7,206 — — — 7,206 Other factors 9,980 (7,536 ) 12 (9,816 ) (7,360 ) 17,186 (7,536 ) 12 (9,816 ) (154 ) Transfers of mortgage loans to REO (79,695 ) — — — (79,695 ) Transfers of interest rate lock commitments to mortgage loans acquired for sale — — (16,859 ) — (16,859 ) Balance, March 31, 2015 $ 2,343,382 $ 222,309 $ 8,214 $ 49,448 $ 2,623,353 Changes in fair value recognized during the period relating to assets still held at March 31, 2015 $ 24,665 $ (7,536 ) $ 8,214 $ (9,816 ) $ 15,527 (1) For the purpose of this table, the IRLC asset and liability positions are shown net. Following are the fair values and related principal amounts due upon maturity of mortgage loans accounted for under the fair value option (including mortgage loans acquired for sale, mortgage loans at fair value and mortgage loans held in a consolidated VIE): March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Fair value Principal Difference Fair value Principal Difference (in thousands) Mortgage loans acquired for sale at fair value: Current through 89 days delinquent $ 1,338,755 $ 1,277,319 $ 61,436 $ 1,283,275 $ 1,235,433 $ 47,842 90 or more days delinquent Not in foreclosure 878 1,096 (218 ) 304 333 (29 ) In foreclosure — — — 216 253 (37 ) 878 1,096 (218 ) 520 586 (66 ) $ 1,339,633 $ 1,278,415 $ 61,218 $ 1,283,795 $ 1,236,019 $ 47,776 Mortgage loans at fair value: Mortgage loans held in a consolidated VIE Current through 89 days delinquent $ 449,215 $ 442,637 $ 6,578 $ 455,394 $ 454,935 $ 459 90 or more days delinquent Not in foreclosure — — — — — — In foreclosure — — — — — — — — — — — — 449,215 442,637 6,578 455,394 454,935 459 Other mortgage loans at fair value: Current through 89 days delinquent 960,473 1,228,550 (268,077 ) 877,438 1,134,560 (257,122 ) 90 or more days delinquent Not in foreclosure 422,152 583,026 (160,874 ) 459,060 640,343 (181,283 ) In foreclosure 664,938 919,221 (254,283 ) 763,896 1,062,205 (298,309 ) 1,087,090 1,502,247 (415,157 ) 1,222,956 1,702,548 (479,592 ) 2,047,563 2,730,797 (683,234 ) 2,100,394 2,837,108 (736,714 ) $ 2,496,778 $ 3,173,434 $ (676,656 ) $ 2,555,788 $ 3,292,043 $ (736,255 ) Following are the changes in fair value included in current period income by consolidated statement of income line item for financial statement items accounted for under the fair value option: Quarter ended March 31, 2016 Net gain on Net mortgage mortgage loans Net Net gain loan acquired interest on servicing for sale income investments fees Total (in thousands) Assets: Short-term investments $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Mortgage-backed securities at fair value — 13 5,099 — 5,112 Mortgage loans acquired for sale at fair value 42,005 — — — 42,005 Mortgage loans at fair value — 1,229 22,789 — 24,018 ESS at fair value — — (19,449 ) — (19,449 ) MSRs at fair value — — — (11,415 ) (11,415 ) $ 42,005 $ 1,242 $ 8,439 $ (11,415 ) $ 40,271 Liabilities: Asset-backed financing of a VIE at fair value $ — $ (1,317 ) $ (9,854 ) $ — $ (11,171 ) $ — $ (1,317 ) $ (9,854 ) $ — $ (11,171 ) Quarter ended March 31, 2015 Net gain on Net mortgage mortgage loans Net Net gain loan acquired interest on servicing for sale income investments fees Total (in thousands) Assets: Short-term investments $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Mortgage-backed securities at fair value — 86 1,516 — 1,602 Mortgage loans acquired for sale at fair value 23,081 — — — 23,081 Mortgage loans at fair value — 489 18,986 — 19,475 ESS at fair value — — (6,247 ) — (6,247 ) MSRs at fair value — — — (9,816 ) (9,816 ) $ 23,081 $ 575 $ 14,255 $ (9,816 ) $ 28,095 Liabilities: Asset-backed financing of a VIE at fair value $ — $ (173 ) $ (770 ) $ — $ (943 ) $ — $ (173 ) $ (770 ) $ — $ (943 ) Financial Statement Items Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis Following is a summary of financial statement items that were re-measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the periods presented: March 31, 2016 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in thousands) Real estate acquired in settlement of loans $ — $ — $ 142,602 $ 142,602 MSRs at lower of amortized cost or fair value — — 144,050 144,050 $ — $ — $ 286,652 $ 286,652 December 31, 2015 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in thousands) Real estate acquired in settlement of loans $ — $ — $ 173,662 $ 173,662 MSRs at lower of amortized cost or fair value — — 145,187 145,187 $ — $ — $ 318,849 $ 318,849 The following table summarizes the fair value changes recognized during the period on assets held at period end that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis: Quarter ended March 31, 2016 2015 (in thousands) Real estate asset acquired in settlement of loans $ (9,116 ) $ (10,615 ) MSRs at lower of amortized cost or fair value (17,706 ) (6,379 ) $ (26,822 ) $ (16,994 ) Real Estate Acquired in Settlement of Loans The Company evaluates its REO for impairment with reference to the respective properties’ fair values less cost to sell on a nonrecurring basis. The initial carrying value of the REO is measured at cost as indicated by the purchase price in the case of purchased REO or as measured by the fair value of the mortgage loan immediately before REO acquisition in the case of acquisition in settlement of a loan. REO may be subsequently revalued due to the Company receiving greater access to the property, the property being held for an extended period or receiving indications that the property’s value may not be supported by developing market conditions. Any subsequent change in fair value to a level that is less than or equal to the property’s cost is recognized in Results of real estate acquired in settlement of loans Mortgage Servicing Rights at Lower of Amortized Cost or Fair Value The Company evaluates its MSRs at lower of amortized cost or fair value for impairment with reference to the asset’s fair value. For purposes of performing its MSR impairment evaluation, the Company stratifies its MSRs at lower of amortized cost or fair value based on the interest rates borne by the mortgage loans underlying the MSRs. Mortgage loans are grouped into pools with 50 basis point interest rate ranges for fixed-rate mortgage loans with interest rates between 3.0% and 4.5% and a single pool for mortgage loans with interest rates below 3.0%. MSRs relating to adjustable rate mortgage loans with initial interest rates of 4.5% or less are evaluated in a single pool. If the fair value of MSRs in any of the interest rate pools is below the amortized cost of the MSRs, those MSRs are impaired. When MSRs are impaired, the impairment is recognized in current-period income and the carrying value of the MSRs is adjusted using a valuation allowance. If the fair value of the MSRs subsequently increases, the increase in fair value is recognized in current period income only to the extent of the valuation allowance for the respective impairment stratum. The Manager periodically reviews the various impairment strata to determine whether the fair value of the impaired MSRs in a given stratum is likely to recover. When the Manager deems recovery of fair value to be unlikely in the foreseeable future, a write-down of the cost of the MSRs for that stratum to its estimated recoverable value is charged to the valuation allowance. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Carried at Amortized Cost The Company’s Cash The Manager has concluded that the fair values of Cash Assets sold under agreements to repurchase Mortgage loan participation and sale agreement s Federal Home Loan Bank advances Notes payable Cash The Exchangeable Notes are carried at amortized cost. The fair value of the Exchangeable Notes at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was $224.4 million and $230.0 million, respectively. The fair value of the Exchangeable Notes is estimated using a broker indication of value. The Company has classified the Exchangeable Notes as “Level 3” fair value financial statement items as of March 31, 2016 due to the lack of current market activity. Valuation Techniques and Inputs Most of the Company’s assets, its Derivative liabilities Asset-backed financing of a VIE Interest-only security payable Due to the difficulty in estimating the fair values of “Level 3” fair value financial statement items, the Manager has assigned responsibility for estimating fair value of these items to specialized staff and subjects the valuation process to significant executive management oversight. The Manager’s Financial Analysis and Valuation group (the “FAV group”) is responsible for estimating the fair values of “Level 3” fair value financial statement items other than IRLCs and maintaining its valuation policies and procedures. With respect to its Level 3 valuations, the FAV group reports to PCM’s valuation committee, which oversees and approves the valuations. The FAV group monitors the models used for valuation of the Company’s non-IRLC “Level 3” fair value financial statement items, including the models’ performance versus actual results, and reports those results to PCM’s valuation committee. PCM’s valuation committee includes PFSI’s chief executive, financial, operating, risk and asset/liability management officers. The FAV group is responsible for reporting to PCM’s valuation committee on a monthly basis on the changes in the valuation of the financial statement items, including major factors affecting the valuation and any changes in model methods and inputs. To assess the reasonableness of its valuations, the FAV group presents an analysis of the effect on the valuation of changes to the significant inputs to the models. The fair value of the Company’s IRLCs is developed by the Manager’s Capital Markets Risk Management staff and is reviewed by the Manager’s Capital Markets Operations group. The following is a description of the techniques and inputs used in estimating the fair values of “Level 2” and “Level 3” fair value financial statement items: Mortgage-Backed Securities The Company’s MBS include Agency and senior non-agency MBS. The Company categorizes its current holdings of MBS as “Level 2” fair value financial statement items. Fair value of these MBS is established based on quoted market prices for the Company’s MBS or similar securities. Mortgage Loans Fair value of mortgage loans is estimated based on whether the mortgage loans are saleable into active markets: • Mortgage loans that are saleable into active markets, comprised of the Company’s mortgage loans acquired for sale at fair value and mortgage loans at fair value held in a VIE, are categorized as “Level 2” fair value financial statement items. The fair values of mortgage loans acquired for sale at fair value are established using their quoted market or contracted price or market price equivalent. For the mortgage loans at fair value held in a VIE, the fair values of all of the individual securities issued by the securitization trust are used to derive a fair value for the mortgage loans. The Company obtains indications of fair value from nonaffiliated brokers based on comparable securities and validates the brokers’ indications of fair value using pricing models and inputs the Manager believes are similar to the models and inputs used by other market participants. • Mortgage loans that are not saleable into active markets, comprised of the Company’s mortgage loans at fair value held outside the VIE are categorized as “Level 3” fair value financial statement items and their fair values are estimated using a discounted cash flow approach. Inputs to the discounted cash flow model include current interest rates, loan amount, payment status, property type, discount rates and forecasts of future interest rates, home prices, prepayment speeds, default speeds, loss severities and contracted selling price where applicable. The valuation process includes the computation by stratum of the mortgage loans’ fair values and a review for reasonableness of various measures such as weighted average life, projected prepayment and default speeds, and projected default and loss percentages. The FAV group computes the effect on the valuation of changes in inputs such as interest rates, home prices, and delinquency status to assess the reasonableness of changes in the mortgage loan valuation. Changes in fair value attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk are measured by the effect on fair value of the change in the respective mortgage loan’s delinquency status and history at period-end from the later of the beginning of the period or acquisition date. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s mortgage loans at fair value are discount rate, home price projections, voluntary prepayment speeds and default speeds. Significant changes in any of those inputs in isolation could result in a significant change to the mortgage loans’ fair value measurement. Increases in home price projections are generally accompanied by an increase in voluntary prepayment speeds. Following is a quantitative summary of key inputs used in the valuation of mortgage loans at fair value: Key inputs March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Discount rate Range 2.5% – 15.0% 2.5% – 15.0% Weighted average 6.8% 7.1% Twelve-month projected housing price index change Range 1.7% – 5.9% 1.5% – 5.1% Weighted average 3.7% 3.6% Prepayment speed (1) Range 0.1% – 10.6% 0.1% – 9.6% Weighted average 3.8% 3.7% Total prepayment speed (2) Range 0.6% – 25.9% 0.5% – 27.2% Weighted average 20.0% 19.6% (1) Prepayment speed is measured using Life Voluntary Conditional Prepayment Rate (“CPR”). (2) Total prepayment speed is measured using Life Total CPR. Excess Servicing Spread Purchased from PFSI The Company categorizes ESS as a “Level 3” fair value financial statement item. The Company uses a discounted cash flow approach to estimate the fair value of ESS. The key inputs used in the estimation of the fair value of ESS include prepayment speed and discount rate. Significant changes to those inputs in isolation may result in a significant change in the ESS fair value measurement. Changes in these key inputs are not necessarily directly related. ESS is generally subject to loss in fair value when interest rates decrease. Decreasing mortgage rates normally encourage increased mortgage refinancing activity. Increased refinancing activity reduces the life of the mortgage loans underlying the ESS, thereby reducing the fair value of ESS. Reductions in the fair value of ESS affect income primarily through change in fair value. Following are the key inputs used in determining the fair value of ESS: Key inputs March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 UPB of underlying mortgage loans (in thousands) $38,076,993 $51,966,405 Average servicing fee rate (in basis points) 34 32 Average ESS rate (in basis points) 19 17 Pricing spread (1) Range 4.8% - 6.5% 4.8% - 6.5% Weighted average 5.8% 5.7% Life (in years) Range 1.8 - 9.3 1.4 - 9.0 Weighted average 6.8 6.9 Annual total prepayment speed (2) Range 6.2% - 44.5% 5.2% - 52.4% Weighted average 11.0% 9.6% (1) Pricing spread represents a margin that is applied to a reference interest rate’s forward rate curve to develop periodic discount rates. The Company applies a pricing spread to the United States Dollar London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) curve for purposes of discounting cash flows relating to ESS. (2) Prepayment speed is measured using Life Total CPR. Derivative Financial Instruments The Company categorizes IRLCs as a “Level 3” fair value financial statement item. The Company estimates the fair value of IRLCs based on quoted Agency MBS prices, its estimate of the fair value of the MSRs it expects to receive in the sale of the mortgage loans and the probability that the mortgage loan will be purchased under the commitment as a percentage of the commitments it has made (the “pull-through rate”). The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s IRLCs are the pull-through rate and the MSR component of the Company’s estimate of the fair value of the mortgage loans it has committed to purchase. Significant changes in the pull-through rate or the MSR component of the IRLCs, in isolation, may result in a significant change in fair value. The financial effects of changes in these inputs are generally inversely correlated as increasing interest rates have a positive effect on the fair value of the MSR component of IRLC value, but increase the pull-through rate for mortgage loan principal and interest payment cash flows that have decreased in fair value. Following is a quantitative summary of key unobservable inputs used in the valuation of IRLCs: Key inputs March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Pull-through rate Range 52.4% - 100.0% 60.2% - 100.0% Weighted average 89.9% 92.4% MSR value expressed as: Servicing fee multiple Range 1.9 - 6.1 2.1 - 6.2 Weighted average 4.9 4.9 Percentage of UPB Range 0.5% - 1.5% 0.5% - 3.8% Weighted average 1.2% 1.2% The Company estimates the fair value of commitments to sell mortgage loans based on quoted MBS prices. The Company estimates the fair value of the interest rate options and futures it uses as hedging derivatives based on observed interest rate volatilities in the MBS market. These derivative financial instruments are categorized by the Company as “Level 2” fair value financial statement items. Real Estate Acquired in Settlement of Loans REO is measured based on its fair value on a nonrecurring basis and is categorized as a “Level 3” fair value financial statement item. Fair value of REO is established by using a current estimate of fair value from a broker’s price opinion or a full appraisal, or the price given in a current contract of sale. REO fair values are reviewed by the Manager’s staff appraisers when the Company obtains multiple indications of fair value and there is a significant difference between the fair values received. PCM’s staff appraisers will attempt to resolve the difference between the indications of fair value. In circumstances where the appraisers are not able to generate adequate data to support a fair value conclusion, the staff appraisers will order an additional appraisal to determine the fair value. Mortgage Servicing Rights MSRs are categorized as “Level 3” fair value financial statement items. The Company uses a discounted cash flow approach to estimate the fair value of MSRs. The key inputs used in the estimation of the fair value of MSRs include the applicable pricing spread, prepayment and default rates of the underlying mortgage loans, and annual per-loan cost to service mortgage loans, all of which are unobservable. Significant changes to any of those inputs in isolation could result in a significant change in the MSR fair value measurement. Changes in these key inputs are not necessarily directly related. MSRs are generally subject to loss in fair value when mortgage interest rates decrease. Decreasing mortgage interest rates normally encourage increased mortgage refinancing activity. Increased refinancing activity reduces the life of the underlying mortgage loans, thereby reducing MSR fair value. Reductions in the fair value of MSRs affect income primarily through change in fair value and change in impairment. For MSRs backed by mortgage loans with historically low interest rates, factors other than interest rates (such as housing price changes) take on increasing influence on prepayment behavior of the underlying mortgage loans. Following are the key inputs used in determining the fair value of MSRs at the time of initial recognition: Quarter ended March 31, 2016 2015 Amortized Fair Amortized Fair (MSR recognized and UPB of underlying mortgage loan amounts in thousands) MSR recognized $32,862 $3,300 $25,554 $1,906 Key inputs UPB of underlying mortgage loans $2,759,545 $327,025 $2,282,756 $223,653 Weighted-average annual servicing fee rate (in basis points) 25 26 26 26 Pricing spread (1) Range 7.2% – 10.2% 7.2% – 7.2% 6.8% –17.5% 10.3% – 14.3% Weighted average 7.2% 7.2% 8.6% 11.0% Life (in years) Range 1.4 – 12.3 2.3 – 9.4 1.3 – 7.7 2.6 – 7.2 Weighted average 7.0 5.6 6.5 5.9 Annual total prepayment speed (2) Range 3.6% – 49.2% 7.2% – 34.8% 7.6% – 51.0% 8.6% – 33.3% Weighted average 10.4% 15.7% 9.3% 13.8% Annual per-loan cost of servicing Range $68 – $68 $68 – $68 $62 – $134 $62 – $62 Weighted average $68 $68 $63 $62 (1) The Company applies a pricing spread to the United States Dollar LIBOR curve for purposes of discounting cash flows relating to MSRs acquired as proceeds from the sale of mortgage loans. (2) Prepayment speed is measured using Life Total CPR. Following is a quantitative summary of key inputs used in the valuation of MSRs as of the dates presented, and the effect on the fair value from adverse changes in those inputs: March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Amortized Fair Amortized Fair (Carrying value, UPB of underlying mortgage loan and effect on fair value Carrying value $394,026 $61,071 $393,157 $66,584 Key inputs: UPB of underlying mortgage loans $37,479,123 $6,728,493 $35,841,654 $6,458,684 Weighted-average annual servicing fee rate (in basis points) 26 25 26 25 Weighted-average note interest rate 3.9% 4.7% 3.9% 4.7% Pricing spread (1) Range 7.2% – 10.7% 7.2% – 10.2% 7.2% – 10.7% 7.2% – 10.2% Weighted average 7.2% 7.2% 7.3% 7.2% Effect on fair value of (2): 5% adverse change $(5,953) $(849) $(6,411) $(944) 10% adverse change $(11,736) $(1,675) $(12,635) $(1,862) 20% adverse change $(22,815) $(3,257) $(24,553) $(3,621) Weighted average life (in years) Range 1.4 - 6.9 2.0 - 5.4 1.3 - 7.7 2.5 - 6.1 Weighted average 6.5 5.4 7.2 6.1 Prepayment speed (3) Range 9.8% – 50.6% 10.4% – 37.6% 8.1% – 51.5% 9.2% – 32.5% Weighted average 11.5% 15.7% 9.6% 13.2% Effect on fair value of (2): 5% adverse change $(9,184) $(1,939) $(8,159) $(1,793) 10% adverse change $(17,998) $(3,779) $(16,024) $(3,502) 20% adverse change $(34,602) $(7,186) $(30,938) $(6,692) Annual per-loan cost of servicing Range $68 – $68 $68 – $68 $68 – $68 $68 – $68 Weighted average $68 $68 $68 $68 Effect on fair value of (2): 5% adverse change $(2,718) $(452) $(2,742) $(470) 10% adverse change $(5,435) $(904) $(5,484) $(940) 20% adverse change $(10,870) $(1,807) $(10,968) $(1,880) (1) The Company applies a pricing spread to the United States Dollar LIBOR curve for purposes of discounting cash flows relating to MSRs. (2) For MSRs carried at fair value, an adverse change in one of the above-mentioned key inputs is expected to result in a reduction in fair value which will be recognized in income. For MSRs carried at lower of amortized cost or fair value, an adverse change in one of the above-mentioned key inputs may result in recognition of MSR impairment. The extent of the recognized MSR impairment will depend on the relationship of fair value to the carrying value of such MSRs. (3) Prepayment speed is measured using Life Total CPR. The preceding sensitivity analyses are limited in that they were performed at a particular point in time; only account for the estimated effect of the movements in the indicated inputs; do not incorporate changes in the inputs in relation to other inputs; are subject to the accuracy of various models and inputs used; and do not incorporate other factors that would affect the Company’s overall financial performance in such scenarios, including operational adjustments made by the Manager to account for changing circumstances. For these reasons, the preceding estimates should not be viewed as earnings forecasts. Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase Fair value of securities sold under agreements to repurchase is based on the accrued cost of the agreements, which approximates the fair values of the agreements, due to the short maturities of such agreements. |